Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Parry Sound, District (DIS)More information: Ontario [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	46,909	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	42,824	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.5	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	35,640	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	20,848	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	9,113.92	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	46,910	23,770	23,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	5,635	2,920	2,715	12.0	12.3	11.7
0 to 4 years	1,695	885	815	3.6	3.7	3.5
5 to 9 years	1,970	1,030	940	4.2	4.3	4.1
10 to 14 years	1,975	1,010	965	4.2	4.2	4.2
15 to 64 years	27,125	13,700	13,425	57.8	57.6	58.0
15 to 19 years	1,970	1,015	950	4.2	4.3	4.1
20 to 24 years	1,630	865	760	3.5	3.6	3.3
25 to 29 years	1,985	1,005	980	4.2	4.2	4.2
30 to 34 years	2,290	1,190	1,100	4.9	5.0	4.8
35 to 39 years	2,230	1,085	1,145	4.8	4.6	4.9
40 to 44 years	2,195	1,120	1,075	4.7	4.7	4.6
45 to 49 years	2,360	1,160	1,200	5.0	4.9	5.2
50 to 54 years	2,920	1,445	1,475	6.2	6.1	6.4
55 to 59 years	4,560	2,290	2,270	9.7	9.6	9.8
60 to 64 years	4,985	2,515	2,470	10.6	10.6	10.7
65 years and over	14,150	7,150	7,000	30.2	30.1	30.3
65 to 69 years	4,600	2,335	2,260	9.8	9.8	9.8
70 to 74 years	3,895	2,025	1,865	8.3	8.5	8.1
75 to 79 years	2,535	1,345	1,190	5.4	5.7	5.1
80 to 84 years	1,695	855	840	3.6	3.6	3.6
85 years and over	1,430	590	845	3.0	2.5	3.7
85 to 89 years	920	380	535	2.0	1.6	2.3
90 to 94 years	410	180	230	0.9	0.8	1.0
95 to 99 years	95	25	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.0	12.3	11.7	12.0	12.3	11.7
15 to 64 years	57.8	57.6	58.0	57.8	57.6	58.0
65 years and over	30.2	30.1	30.3	30.2	30.1	30.3
85 years and over	3.0	2.5	3.7	3.0	2.5	3.7
Average age of the population	49.4	49.1	49.7	49.4	49.1	49.7
Median age of the population	55.2	55.2	55.6	55.2	55.2	55.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	20,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	18,160	...	...	87.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	280	...	...	1.3	...	...
Row house	170	...	...	0.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	355	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,385	...	...	6.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	195	...	...	0.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	120	...	...	0.6	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	185	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	20,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	6,185	...	...	29.7	...	...
2 persons	9,185	...	...	44.1	...	...
3 persons	2,470	...	...	11.8	...	...
4 persons	1,970	...	...	9.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,035	...	...	5.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	45,535	23,035	22,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	41,275	20,850	20,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	25,860	12,965	12,895	62.7	62.2	63.1
Married	20,835	10,465	10,365	50.5	50.2	50.7
Living common-law	5,020	2,495	2,530	12.2	12.0	12.4
Living common law - Never married	2,950	1,465	1,485	7.1	7.0	7.3
Living common law - Separated	395	205	185	1.0	1.0	0.9
Living common law - Divorced	1,470	755	715	3.6	3.6	3.5
Living common law - Widowed	210	70	140	0.5	0.3	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	15,415	7,890	7,530	37.3	37.8	36.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	8,095	4,750	3,345	19.6	22.8	16.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,340	710	630	3.2	3.4	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,810	1,525	1,285	6.8	7.3	6.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,175	900	2,270	7.7	4.3	11.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	14,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	9,570	...	...	66.5	...	...
3 persons	2,345	...	...	16.3	...	...
4 persons	1,805	...	...	12.5	...	...
5 or more persons	675	...	...	4.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	14,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	12,555	...	...	87.2	...	...
Married couples	10,040	...	...	69.7	...	...
With children⁶	3,280	...	...	22.8	...	...
Without children	6,765	...	...	47.0	...	...
Common-law couples	2,515	...	...	17.5	...	...
With children⁶	885	...	...	6.1	...	...
Without children	1,630	...	...	11.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,845	...	...	12.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,320	...	...	9.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	520	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	45,535	23,035	22,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	37,045	18,565	18,475	81.4	80.6	82.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	25,110	12,520	12,585	55.1	54.4	55.9
Parents in one-parent families	1,840	525	1,320	4.0	2.3	5.9
Children⁶	10,090	5,525	4,570	22.2	24.0	20.3
In a two-parent family	7,325	3,945	3,380	16.1	17.1	15.0
In a one-parent family	2,765	1,580	1,190	6.1	6.9	5.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	8,495	4,470	4,025	18.7	19.4	17.9
Living alone	6,180	3,310	2,875	13.6	14.4	12.8
Living with other relatives⁷	1,000	435	565	2.2	1.9	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	1,310	720	590	2.9	3.1	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	20,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	12,930	...	...	62.0	...	...
Couple-family households	11,555	...	...	55.4	...	...
With children⁶	3,750	...	...	18.0	...	...
Without children	7,805	...	...	37.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,370	...	...	6.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	460	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	105	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	570	...	...	2.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	605	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-person households	6,185	...	...	29.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	39,935	20,135	19,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,990	19,655	19,335	97.6	97.6	97.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,200	33,200	38,000	43,200	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,995	19,660	19,335	97.6	97.6	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,800	31,000	34,800	38,800	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,985	17,410	16,575	85.1	86.5	83.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	36,400	24,400	30,400	36,400	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,720	13,210	11,510	61.9	65.6	58.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	33,600	27,200	30,600	33,600	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,735	17,975	17,760	89.5	89.3	89.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	12,500	12,800	12,600	12,500	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,225	2,265	1,960	10.6	11.2	9.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,360	6,900	5,920	6,360	6,900	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,310	4,105	4,205	20.8	20.4	21.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	39,930	20,135	19,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,035	19,640	19,390	97.8	97.5	98.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,960	53,350	42,480	47,960	53,350	42,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,040	19,650	19,390	97.8	97.6	98.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,920	44,960	36,840	40,920	44,960	36,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,075	17,420	16,655	85.3	86.5	84.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,040	47,840	36,000	42,040	47,840	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,715	13,150	11,565	61.9	65.3	58.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	43,480	36,880	40,400	43,480	36,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,720	17,970	17,745	89.5	89.2	89.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,280	11,910	12,660	12,280	11,910	12,660
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,140	2,110	2,030	10.4	10.5	10.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,890	8,290	7,480	7,890	8,290	7,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,130	3,970	4,160	20.4	19.7	21.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,360	7,920	8,780	8,360	7,920	8,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	39,930	20,135	19,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,390	5,795	4,595	26.0	28.8	23.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	60,000	52,400	56,800	60,000	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,200	69,700	61,800	66,200	69,700	61,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,045	4,810	5,240	25.2	23.9	26.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	20,200	15,800	17,800	20,200	15,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	28,760	22,740	25,600	28,760	22,740
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.6	79.6	72.8	76.6	79.6	72.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	53.3	54.6	51.8	53.3	54.6	51.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.4	20.4	27.3	23.4	20.4	27.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.6	5.5	4.4	3.6	5.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.6	3.0	4.4	3.6	3.0	4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	39,940	20,135	19,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	945	480	465	2.4	2.4	2.3
With total income	38,990	19,655	19,335	97.6	97.6	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,960	1,250	1,710	7.6	6.4	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	5,495	2,240	3,255	14.1	11.4	16.8
$20,000 to $29,999	6,805	3,140	3,665	17.5	16.0	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	5,280	2,455	2,820	13.5	12.5	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	4,680	2,410	2,270	12.0	12.3	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	3,700	2,005	1,690	9.5	10.2	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,860	1,670	1,195	7.3	8.5	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,960	1,200	755	5.0	6.1	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,280	765	510	3.3	3.9	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	920	580	345	2.4	3.0	1.8
$100,000 and over	3,050	1,940	1,110	7.8	9.9	5.7
$100,000 to $149,999	2,105	1,270	830	5.4	6.5	4.3
$150,000 and over	950	665	280	2.4	3.4	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	39,940	20,135	19,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	945	470	470	2.4	2.3	2.4
With after-tax income	39,000	19,665	19,335	97.6	97.7	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,255	1,345	1,910	8.3	6.8	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	5,670	2,355	3,320	14.5	12.0	17.2
$20,000 to $29,999	7,575	3,495	4,080	19.4	17.8	21.1
$30,000 to $39,999	6,200	3,030	3,175	15.9	15.4	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	5,315	2,845	2,465	13.6	14.5	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	3,820	2,185	1,640	9.8	11.1	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,400	1,440	960	6.2	7.3	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,495	900	595	3.8	4.6	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,100	640	465	2.8	3.3	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	685	415	265	1.8	2.1	1.4
$100,000 and over	1,480	1,010	470	3.8	5.1	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	745	485	260	1.9	2.5	1.3
$125,000 and over	735	525	210	1.9	2.7	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	39,940	20,135	19,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	15,220	6,925	8,300	38.1	34.4	41.9
With employment income	24,720	13,210	11,505	61.9	65.6	58.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,665	2,585	2,085	18.9	19.6	18.1
$5,000 to $9,999	2,030	900	1,130	8.2	6.8	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	2,995	1,435	1,560	12.1	10.9	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	2,490	1,205	1,285	10.1	9.1	11.2
$30,000 to $39,999	2,465	1,200	1,265	10.0	9.1	11.0
$40,000 to $49,999	2,315	1,190	1,125	9.4	9.0	9.8
$50,000 to $59,999	1,900	1,080	825	7.7	8.2	7.2
$60,000 to $69,999	1,460	895	560	5.9	6.8	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,010	625	385	4.1	4.7	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	740	440	305	3.0	3.3	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	595	355	235	2.4	2.7	2.0
$100,000 and over	2,055	1,305	750	8.3	9.9	6.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,105	640	470	4.5	4.8	4.1
$125,000 and over	945	665	280	3.8	5.0	2.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	39,935	20,135	19,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,535	19,410	19,130	96.5	96.4	96.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,400	31,200	36,400	42,400	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,565	19,415	19,150	96.6	96.4	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,000	29,000	33,200	38,000	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,925	17,370	16,560	85.0	86.3	83.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	38,400	25,800	32,000	38,400	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,300	13,470	11,830	63.4	66.9	59.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	35,600	28,600	32,000	35,600	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,445	17,330	17,110	86.3	86.1	86.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,100	8,800	9,400	9,100	8,800	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,905	2,120	1,780	9.8	10.5	9.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,000	7,700	5,960	7,000	7,700	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	39,930	20,135	19,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,460	19,305	19,160	96.3	95.9	96.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,960	55,200	40,600	47,960	55,200	40,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,490	19,305	19,185	96.4	95.9	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,440	45,960	34,920	40,440	45,960	34,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,925	17,310	16,610	85.0	86.0	83.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	51,850	36,640	44,400	51,850	36,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,165	13,325	11,840	63.0	66.2	59.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,120	48,200	37,360	43,120	48,200	37,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,490	17,415	17,070	86.4	86.5	86.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,790	9,630	9,950	9,790	9,630	9,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,785	2,035	1,750	9.5	10.1	8.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,940	8,190	7,660	7,940	8,190	7,660
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	39,930	20,135	19,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,330	5,760	4,575	25.9	28.6	23.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	58,400	48,800	54,000	58,400	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,700	70,100	57,800	64,700	70,100	57,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,590	4,565	5,030	24.0	22.7	25.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	26,800	20,600	22,800	26,800	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,000	37,280	27,200	32,000	37,280	27,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.6	84.2	78.2	81.6	84.2	78.2
Employment income (%)	58.8	60.3	56.9	58.8	60.3	56.9
Government transfers (%)	18.3	15.8	21.8	18.3	15.8	21.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	20,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,185	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	14,665	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	20,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,800	...	...	89,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,700	...	...	76,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,195	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,760	...	...	49,760	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,480	...	...	42,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	14,655	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,700	...	...	106,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,100	...	...	91,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	20,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	200	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	100	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	280	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	465	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	990	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	925	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	775	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	925	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,005	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	920	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,755	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,690	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,510	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,345	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,185	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,780	...	...	32.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,450	...	...	11.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,565	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,555	...	...	7.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,210	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	20,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	250	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	115	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	305	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	480	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,065	...	...	5.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	985	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	885	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,105	...	...	5.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,155	...	...	5.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,040	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,075	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,825	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,710	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,505	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,285	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,065	...	...	24.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,275	...	...	10.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,175	...	...	5.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,620	...	...	7.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	14,240	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,890	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,235	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,675	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	7,495	4,035	3,465	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	37,600	34,400	36,000	37,600	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	34,400	32,000	33,200	34,400	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	14,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,500	...	...	106,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,800	...	...	90,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,600	...	...	96,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,400	...	...	81,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,245	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,400	...	...	135,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,600	...	...	115,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,600	...	...	76,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,600	...	...	68,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,475	3,985	3,490	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,600	46,760	48,520	47,600	46,760	48,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,880	40,080	41,840	40,880	40,080	41,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	45,540	23,035	22,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,800	3,510	3,285	14.9	15.2	14.6
0 to 5 years	2,030	1,075	960	4.5	4.7	4.3
18 to 64 years	25,300	12,705	12,590	55.6	55.2	56.0
65 years and over	13,435	6,815	6,620	29.5	29.6	29.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,880	3,005	2,880	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	895	450	445	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	285	140	155	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,090	1,660	1,430	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,895	895	1,000	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.9	13.0	12.8	12.9	13.0	12.8
0 to 17 years (%)	13.2	12.8	13.5	13.2	12.8	13.5
0 to 5 years (%)	14.2	12.8	15.8	14.2	12.8	15.8
18 to 64 years (%)	12.2	13.1	11.4	12.2	13.1	11.4
65 years and over (%)	14.1	13.1	15.1	14.1	13.1	15.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	44,565	22,560	22,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,560	3,390	3,170	14.7	15.0	14.4
0 to 5 years	1,965	1,045	925	4.4	4.6	4.2
18 to 64 years	24,725	12,425	12,295	55.5	55.1	55.9
65 years and over	13,275	6,740	6,535	29.8	29.9	29.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,295	720	570	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	140	75	70	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	25	15	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	980	565	415	...	...	...
65 years and over	175	85	90	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.9	3.2	2.6	2.9	3.2	2.6
0 to 17 years (%)	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	1.3	1.2	1.6	1.3	1.2	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.5	3.4	4.0	4.5	3.4
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	45,540	23,035	22,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	25,380	12,735	12,645	55.7	55.3	56.2
In bottom decile	4,910	2,545	2,365	10.8	11.0	10.5
In second decile	5,430	2,670	2,760	11.9	11.6	12.3
In third decile	5,215	2,540	2,670	11.5	11.0	11.9
In fourth decile	5,040	2,565	2,475	11.1	11.1	11.0
In fifth decile	4,790	2,415	2,370	10.5	10.5	10.5
In top half of the distribution	20,155	10,300	9,860	44.3	44.7	43.8
In sixth decile	4,740	2,400	2,340	10.4	10.4	10.4
In seventh decile	4,510	2,325	2,185	9.9	10.1	9.7
In eighth decile	4,065	2,060	2,000	8.9	8.9	8.9
In ninth decile	3,525	1,815	1,705	7.7	7.9	7.6
In top decile	3,320	1,695	1,625	7.3	7.4	7.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	45,535	...	...	45,535	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.332	...	...	0.332	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.478	...	...	0.478	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.290	...	...	0.290	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	46,505	23,600	22,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	43,230	22,205	21,025	93.0	94.1	91.8
French only	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	3,220	1,365	1,855	6.9	5.8	8.1
Neither English nor French	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	46,505	23,600	22,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	45,410	23,100	22,305	97.6	97.9	97.4
French	1,020	465	560	2.2	2.0	2.4
English and French	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	46,505	23,600	22,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	45,980	23,350	22,625	98.9	98.9	98.8
Official languages	43,920	22,330	21,590	94.4	94.6	94.3
English	42,805	21,820	20,985	92.0	92.5	91.6
French	1,120	515	605	2.4	2.2	2.6
Non-official languages	2,055	1,020	1,035	4.4	4.3	4.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	70	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	70	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	70	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,985	990	995	4.3	4.2	4.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	5	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,575	800	775	3.4	3.4	3.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	345	180	170	0.7	0.8	0.7
Baltic languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	315	165	150	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	140	80	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	815	390	420	1.8	1.7	1.8
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	600	290	315	1.3	1.2	1.4
German	570	280	290	1.2	1.2	1.3
Pennsylvania German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	175	80	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	150	70	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	105	60	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	265	150	125	0.6	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	115	75	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	80	35	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	185	90	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungarian	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	525	250	275	1.1	1.1	1.2
English and French	260	125	135	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	235	110	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	46,505	23,600	22,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	44,345	22,575	21,770	95.4	95.7	95.1
French	175	90	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	240	120	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	235	120	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	530	230	305	1.1	1.0	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,170	560	605	2.5	2.4	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	46,505	23,600	22,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	46,190	23,440	22,745	99.3	99.3	99.3
Official languages	45,745	23,220	22,530	98.4	98.4	98.4
English	45,505	23,095	22,415	97.8	97.9	97.9
French	240	125	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	440	225	220	0.9	1.0	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	410	210	200	0.9	0.9	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	295	150	145	0.6	0.6	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	315	160	155	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	220	110	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	46,505	23,600	22,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	45,060	22,940	22,120	96.9	97.2	96.6
English	250	120	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
French	380	155	220	0.8	0.7	1.0
Non-official language	735	340	395	1.6	1.4	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	120	55	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	615	280	330	1.3	1.2	1.4
English and French	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	45,535	23,055	22,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	45,490	23,030	22,460	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	45,475	23,020	22,460	99.9	99.8	99.9
French	3,190	1,320	1,870	7.0	5.7	8.3
Non-official languages	3,080	1,505	1,575	6.8	6.5	7.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	360	170	190	0.8	0.7	0.8
Algonquian languages	345	165	180	0.8	0.7	0.8
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	335	160	180	0.7	0.7	0.8
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	335	155	180	0.7	0.7	0.8
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	300	140	165	0.7	0.6	0.7
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,725	1,335	1,390	6.0	5.8	6.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	70	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	95	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,145	1,075	1,070	4.7	4.7	4.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	410	235	170	0.9	1.0	0.8
Baltic languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	380	230	150	0.8	1.0	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	170	100	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
Russian	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	65	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,015	475	540	2.2	2.1	2.4
Frisian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	765	360	405	1.7	1.6	1.8
German	755	355	405	1.7	1.5	1.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	215	100	115	0.5	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	190	80	105	0.4	0.3	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	115	50	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	640	335	305	1.4	1.5	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	230	130	100	0.5	0.6	0.4
Portuguese	125	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	325	165	160	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	30	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	0	60	0.2	0.0	0.3
American Sign Language	60	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	55	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	180	95	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungarian	90	60	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	45,535	23,055	22,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,280	1,525	1,760	7.2	6.6	7.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,175	1,480	1,695	7.0	6.4	7.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,140	1,065	1,075	4.7	4.6	4.8
Métis	1,020	410	605	2.2	1.8	2.7
Inuk (Inuit)	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	42,255	21,530	20,725	92.8	93.4	92.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	45,535	23,055	22,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,690	835	855	3.7	3.6	3.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	43,850	22,220	21,625	96.3	96.4	96.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	20,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	17,435	...	...	83.6	...	...
Renter	3,245	...	...	15.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	170	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	20,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	490	...	...	2.4	...	...
Not condominium	20,355	...	...	97.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	20,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	135	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	1,790	...	...	8.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,960	...	...	23.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,950	...	...	42.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,015	...	...	24.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	20,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,030	...	...	19.3	...	...
5 rooms	3,445	...	...	16.5	...	...
6 rooms	3,745	...	...	18.0	...	...
7 rooms	3,210	...	...	15.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,415	...	...	30.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	20,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	20,670	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	180	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	20,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	20,230	...	...	97.0	...	...
Not suitable	615	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	20,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,060	...	...	24.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,950	...	...	28.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,035	...	...	14.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,410	...	...	11.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,040	...	...	5.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,355	...	...	6.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,045	...	...	5.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	950	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	20,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	19,035	...	...	91.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,815	...	...	8.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	20,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	10,345	...	...	49.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	9,920	...	...	47.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	585	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	20,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	265	...	...	1.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,600	...	...	7.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,175	...	...	10.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,915	...	...	14.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,305	...	...	25.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,905	...	...	23.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,780	...	...	13.3	...	...
85 years and over	900	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	20,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	16,715	...	...	82.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,470	...	...	17.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,175	...	...	15.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	20,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,340	...	...	25.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,025	...	...	14.5	...	...
Not suitable only	480	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,300	...	...	6.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	400	...	...	1.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	15,505	...	...	74.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	19,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,235	...	...	11.2	...	...
Not in core need	17,650	...	...	88.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,060	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	48.9	...	...	48.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.8	...	...	13.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	850	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,082	...	...	1,082	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	522,500	...	...	522,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,215	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.7	...	...	18.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.3	...	...	35.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.0	...	...	22.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,001	...	...	1,001	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	170	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	17.6	...	...	17.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	396	...	...	396	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	424	...	...	424	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	45,540	23,055	22,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,420	635	790	3.1	2.8	3.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,380	625	755	3.0	2.7	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,185	550	630	2.6	2.4	2.8
Métis single ancestry	180	65	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,600	1,190	1,410	5.7	5.2	6.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,520	1,155	1,370	5.5	5.0	6.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,800	890	915	4.0	3.9	4.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	715	265	455	1.6	1.1	2.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	41,520	21,235	20,285	91.2	92.1	90.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	45,540	23,055	22,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	44,960	22,800	22,160	98.7	98.9	98.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,865	3,580	3,280	15.1	15.5	14.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	38,095	19,220	18,875	83.7	83.4	84.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	580	255	320	1.3	1.1	1.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	45,540	23,055	22,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	42,455	21,570	20,885	93.2	93.6	92.9
Immigrants⁸¹	3,015	1,440	1,570	6.6	6.2	7.0
Before 1980	1,800	985	820	4.0	4.3	3.6
1980 to 1990	405	145	255	0.9	0.6	1.1
1991 to 2000	325	105	220	0.7	0.5	1.0
2001 to 2010	300	120	180	0.7	0.5	0.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	180	85	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
2011 to 2015	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
2016 to 2021	135	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	75	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,010	1,440	1,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	480	245	235	15.9	17.0	15.0
5 to 14 years	590	320	275	19.6	22.2	17.5
15 to 24 years	625	285	340	20.8	19.8	21.7
25 to 44 years	1,120	505	615	37.2	35.1	39.2
45 years and over	195	90	105	6.5	6.3	6.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,010	1,440	1,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	470	165	300	15.6	11.5	19.1
Brazil	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	1.0
Colombia	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Guyana	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Mexico	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	1.0
United States of America	305	85	220	10.1	5.9	14.0
Other places of birth in Americas	90	55	30	3.0	3.8	1.9
Europe	2,105	1,105	1,000	69.9	76.7	63.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	35	25	15	1.2	1.7	1.0
France	40	25	15	1.3	1.7	1.0
Germany	420	210	210	14.0	14.6	13.4
Greece	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Hungary	55	35	20	1.8	2.4	1.3
Italy	100	85	20	3.3	5.9	1.3
Netherlands	165	65	100	5.5	4.5	6.4
Poland	115	55	60	3.8	3.8	3.8
Portugal	60	25	30	2.0	1.7	1.9
Romania	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	25	10	15	0.8	0.7	1.0
Ukraine	30	15	10	1.0	1.0	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	790	405	385	26.2	28.1	24.5
Other places of birth in Europe	240	135	100	8.0	9.4	6.4
Africa	90	40	50	3.0	2.8	3.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	45	20	25	1.5	1.4	1.6
Other places of birth in Africa	35	15	20	1.2	1.0	1.3
Asia	320	100	215	10.6	6.9	13.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	15	15	1.0	1.0	1.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	15	15	0.8	1.0	1.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	0	35	1.2	0.0	2.2
Viet Nam	55	20	35	1.8	1.4	2.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	70	25	40	2.3	1.7	2.5
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	10	35	1.3	0.7	2.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	20	10	0.8	1.4	0.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	135	60	75	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	15	10	10	11.1	16.7	13.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	10	10	11.1	16.7	13.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	10	10	0	7.4	16.7	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	7.4	16.7	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	100	35	65	74.1	58.3	86.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	55	20	35	40.7	33.3	46.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	7.4	0.0	13.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	0	7.4	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	7.4	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	45,535	23,055	22,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,290	1,585	1,705	7.2	6.9	7.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,115	3,175	2,935	13.4	13.8	13.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	36,135	18,295	17,835	79.4	79.4	79.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,205	455	755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	560	225	335	46.5	49.5	44.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	300	150	150	24.9	33.0	19.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	260	75	185	21.6	16.5	24.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	505	155	350	41.9	34.1	46.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	110	55	50	9.1	12.1	6.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	15	15	2.5	3.3	2.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,205	455	755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	240	105	135	19.9	23.1	17.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	25	15	0	2.1	3.3	0.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	65	10	60	5.4	2.2	7.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	10	10	1.7	2.2	1.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	835	315	520	69.3	69.2	68.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	45,535	23,055	22,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	960	465	495	2.1	2.0	2.2
South Asian	230	125	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black	170	95	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Filipino	70	10	60	0.2	0.0	0.3
Arab	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin American	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Southeast Asian	105	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Asian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japanese	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	44,580	22,590	21,990	97.9	98.0	97.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	45,535	23,060	22,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,015	4,240	3,780	17.6	18.4	16.8
English	15,430	7,865	7,560	33.9	34.1	33.6
Irish	11,595	5,610	5,985	25.5	24.3	26.6
Scottish	11,430	5,635	5,800	25.1	24.4	25.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,465	2,675	2,785	12.0	11.6	12.4
German	6,720	3,310	3,410	14.8	14.4	15.2
Chinese	135	65	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italian	1,755	990	765	3.9	4.3	3.4
Indian (India)	230	125	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ukrainian	1,185	610	575	2.6	2.6	2.6
Dutch	2,135	1,130	1,000	4.7	4.9	4.4
Polish	1,280	655	630	2.8	2.8	2.8
Québécois	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,375	1,185	1,185	5.2	5.1	5.3
Filipino	85	20	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
French Canadian	780	330	450	1.7	1.4	2.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,030	515	505	2.3	2.2	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,100	490	610	2.4	2.1	2.7
Métis	1,005	375	635	2.2	1.6	2.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	750	410	335	1.6	1.8	1.5
Russian	415	195	220	0.9	0.8	1.0
Norwegian	375	200	170	0.8	0.9	0.8
Welsh	1,050	465	585	2.3	2.0	2.6
Portuguese	245	115	130	0.5	0.5	0.6
American	570	250	325	1.3	1.1	1.4
Spanish	155	50	105	0.3	0.2	0.5
Swedish	400	230	170	0.9	1.0	0.8
Hungarian	395	185	215	0.9	0.8	1.0
Acadian	145	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	110	40	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Punjabi	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	260	115	145	0.6	0.5	0.6
Jamaican	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	90	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	145	65	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanese	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	195	95	110	0.4	0.4	0.5
Danish	230	125	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	450	240	210	1.0	1.0	0.9
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	295	150	145	0.6	0.7	0.6
Belgian	185	85	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	600	245	355	1.3	1.1	1.6
Finnish	580	295	285	1.3	1.3	1.3
Sri Lankan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	130	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	180	120	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	920	455	460	2.0	2.0	2.0
Newfoundlander	105	35	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	375	180	195	0.8	0.8	0.9
Persian	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	100	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	230	115	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Australian	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	65	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovenian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	120	55	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Argentinian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	100	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	135	40	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	45,535	23,055	22,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	120	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	24,535	11,655	12,880	53.9	50.6	57.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,120	1,580	1,540	6.9	6.9	6.8
Anabaptist	230	110	125	0.5	0.5	0.6
Anglican	2,875	1,285	1,590	6.3	5.6	7.1
Baptist	745	355	395	1.6	1.5	1.8
Catholic	7,660	3,730	3,925	16.8	16.2	17.5
Christian Orthodox	130	55	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	310	140	175	0.7	0.6	0.8
Latter Day Saints	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	515	215	295	1.1	0.9	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	155	80	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	600	245	360	1.3	1.1	1.6
Presbyterian	1,375	625	750	3.0	2.7	3.3
Reformed	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	4,875	2,290	2,585	10.7	9.9	11.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,870	910	960	4.1	3.9	4.3
Hindu	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jewish	120	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	285	140	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other religions and spiritual traditions	385	145	240	0.8	0.6	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	20,000	10,950	9,050	43.9	47.5	40.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	45,245	22,900	22,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	40,835	20,825	20,015	90.3	90.9	89.6
Movers	4,410	2,080	2,330	9.7	9.1	10.4
Non-migrants	1,200	515	685	2.7	2.2	3.1
Migrants	3,210	1,565	1,645	7.1	6.8	7.4
Internal migrants	3,115	1,520	1,595	6.9	6.6	7.1
Intraprovincial migrants	3,015	1,475	1,535	6.7	6.4	6.9
Interprovincial migrants	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	95	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	43,850	22,185	21,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	27,395	13,935	13,460	62.5	62.8	62.1
Movers	16,460	8,250	8,205	37.5	37.2	37.9
Non-migrants	2,705	1,320	1,390	6.2	5.9	6.4
Migrants	13,755	6,930	6,825	31.4	31.2	31.5
Internal migrants	13,470	6,785	6,690	30.7	30.6	30.9
Intraprovincial migrants	12,995	6,565	6,430	29.6	29.6	29.7
Interprovincial migrants	475	220	260	1.1	1.0	1.2
External migrants	280	145	135	0.6	0.7	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	39,930	20,135	19,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,490	4,880	3,605	21.3	24.2	18.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	31,445	15,250	16,195	78.8	75.7	81.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,020	11,435	11,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,145	1,850	1,300	13.7	16.2	11.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,870	9,590	10,285	86.3	83.9	88.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	39,930	20,135	19,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,255	4,050	3,210	18.2	20.1	16.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,565	6,160	6,400	31.5	30.6	32.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,115	9,925	10,190	50.4	49.3	51.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,145	7,370	6,765	35.4	36.6	34.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,620	2,920	695	9.1	14.5	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,660	1,180	480	4.2	5.9	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,960	1,745	215	4.9	8.7	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,930	4,215	5,720	24.9	20.9	28.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	595	235	355	1.5	1.2	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,970	2,550	3,420	15.0	12.7	17.3
Bachelor's degree	4,205	1,690	2,515	10.5	8.4	12.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	405	155	250	1.0	0.8	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	180	110	70	0.5	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	1,025	495	530	2.6	2.5	2.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	145	100	45	0.4	0.5	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,020	11,435	11,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,595	1,460	1,130	11.3	12.8	9.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,225	3,780	3,445	31.4	33.1	29.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,205	6,195	7,010	57.4	54.2	60.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,470	4,795	4,680	41.1	41.9	40.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,180	1,755	430	9.5	15.3	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,000	710	285	4.3	6.2	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,180	1,040	145	5.1	9.1	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,940	2,885	4,050	30.1	25.2	35.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	350	150	195	1.5	1.3	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,740	1,405	2,335	16.2	12.3	20.2
Bachelor's degree	2,710	1,005	1,705	11.8	8.8	14.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	210	70	140	0.9	0.6	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	105	50	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	645	245	400	2.8	2.1	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	65	40	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	39,935	20,135	19,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,815	10,205	9,605	49.6	50.7	48.5
Education	1,350	365	985	3.4	1.8	5.0
13. Education	1,350	365	985	3.4	1.8	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	680	335	345	1.7	1.7	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	75	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	580	260	320	1.5	1.3	1.6
Humanities	765	300	460	1.9	1.5	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	185	45	140	0.5	0.2	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	140	50	95	0.4	0.2	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	85	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	110	70	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,175	595	1,585	5.4	3.0	8.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	195	75	120	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	515	15	495	1.3	0.1	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	320	85	240	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	435	95	335	1.1	0.5	1.7
45. Social sciences	605	280	325	1.5	1.4	1.6
Business, management and public administration	3,275	1,110	2,160	8.2	5.5	10.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	505	55	445	1.3	0.3	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,770	1,055	1,715	6.9	5.2	8.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	515	225	290	1.3	1.1	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	210	65	145	0.5	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	50	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	115	95	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	385	200	185	1.0	1.0	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	290	150	140	0.7	0.7	0.7
25. Library science	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,985	4,780	205	12.5	23.7	1.0
04. Architecture and related services	120	80	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	335	310	25	0.8	1.5	0.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,025	945	80	2.6	4.7	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,300	1,285	15	3.3	6.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,580	1,570	10	4.0	7.8	0.1
48. Precision production	630	595	35	1.6	3.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	860	570	290	2.2	2.8	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	400	205	195	1.0	1.0	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	455	365	90	1.1	1.8	0.5
Health and related fields	3,500	590	2,915	8.8	2.9	14.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	265	155	110	0.7	0.8	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,195	420	2,785	8.0	2.1	14.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,620	845	770	4.1	4.2	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	800	190	610	2.0	0.9	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	470	345	120	1.2	1.7	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	325	290	40	0.8	1.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	23,020	11,435	11,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,815	5,240	4,580	42.6	45.8	39.5
Education	675	140	535	2.9	1.2	4.6
13. Education	675	140	535	2.9	1.2	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	455	200	250	2.0	1.7	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	415	170	245	1.8	1.5	2.1
Humanities	420	180	240	1.8	1.6	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	85	20	65	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85	25	60	0.4	0.2	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	35	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	50	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	65	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,585	345	1,235	6.9	3.0	10.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	55	105	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	400	0	395	1.7	0.0	3.4
22. Legal professions and studies	260	55	200	1.1	0.5	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	305	50	255	1.3	0.4	2.2
45. Social sciences	400	155	245	1.7	1.4	2.1
Business, management and public administration	2,155	675	1,475	9.4	5.9	12.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	320	30	295	1.4	0.3	2.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,830	650	1,180	7.9	5.7	10.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	345	145	200	1.5	1.3	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	155	45	110	0.7	0.4	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	75	60	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	295	160	130	1.3	1.4	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	240	140	95	1.0	1.2	0.8
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,095	2,950	150	13.4	25.8	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	180	165	15	0.8	1.4	0.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	655	595	65	2.8	5.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	745	735	10	3.2	6.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,050	1,045	10	4.6	9.1	0.1
48. Precision production	390	380	15	1.7	3.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	615	385	230	2.7	3.4	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	280	130	150	1.2	1.1	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	335	255	85	1.5	2.2	0.7
Health and related fields	2,355	375	1,980	10.2	3.3	17.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	210	125	85	0.9	1.1	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,115	245	1,870	9.2	2.1	16.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,215	635	580	5.3	5.6	5.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	590	150	440	2.6	1.3	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	385	275	110	1.7	2.4	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	225	195	35	1.0	1.7	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	23,020	11,435	11,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,815	5,240	4,580	42.6	45.8	39.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,205	6,195	7,010	57.4	54.2	60.5
Location of study inside Canada	12,575	5,915	6,665	54.6	51.7	57.5
Same as province or territory of residence	12,000	5,650	6,345	52.1	49.4	54.8
Different than province or territory of residence	575	260	315	2.5	2.3	2.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	625	285	345	2.7	2.5	3.0
Americas	195	100	90	0.8	0.9	0.8
United States of America	175	95	80	0.8	0.8	0.7
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	250	115	135	1.1	1.0	1.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	85	45	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	115	30	85	0.5	0.3	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Australia	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	39,930	20,135	19,795	...	...	...
In the labour force	20,715	10,800	9,915	...	...	...
Employed	18,645	9,685	8,960	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,070	1,115	955	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	19,215	9,335	9,885	...	...	...
Participation rate	51.9	53.6	50.1	51.9	53.6	50.1
Employment rate	46.7	48.1	45.3	46.7	48.1	45.3
Unemployment rate	10.0	10.3	9.6	10.0	10.3	9.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	39,935	20,135	19,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	18,340	8,850	9,490	45.9	44.0	47.9
Worked	21,585	11,285	10,305	54.1	56.0	52.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,775	6,060	4,710	27.0	30.1	23.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,815	5,220	5,595	27.1	25.9	28.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	41.0	40.2	40.7	41.0	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	20,720	10,800	9,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	370	230	140	1.8	2.1	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	20,345	10,575	9,775	98.2	97.9	98.6
Employee	16,445	8,190	8,245	79.4	75.8	83.2
Permanent position	13,625	6,785	6,845	65.8	62.8	69.0
Temporary position	2,815	1,410	1,405	13.6	13.1	14.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	575	230	350	2.8	2.1	3.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,240	1,185	1,060	10.8	11.0	10.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,905	2,380	1,525	18.8	22.0	15.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	20,720	10,800	9,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	370	230	140	1.8	2.1	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	20,345	10,575	9,775	98.2	97.9	98.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	255	165	95	1.2	1.5	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,735	625	2,110	13.2	5.8	21.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	895	675	215	4.3	6.3	2.2
3 Health occupations	1,695	275	1,420	8.2	2.5	14.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,345	725	1,620	11.3	6.7	16.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	425	145	280	2.1	1.3	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	5,025	1,870	3,150	24.3	17.3	31.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,170	4,680	485	25.0	43.3	4.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	800	600	195	3.9	5.6	2.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,010	815	195	4.9	7.5	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	20,720	10,800	9,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	370	230	140	1.8	2.1	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	20,345	10,575	9,775	98.2	97.9	98.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	530	325	210	2.6	3.0	2.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	285	240	45	1.4	2.2	0.5
22 Utilities	205	175	30	1.0	1.6	0.3
23 Construction	2,990	2,655	330	14.4	24.6	3.3
31-33 Manufacturing	1,510	1,125	385	7.3	10.4	3.9
41 Wholesale trade	470	350	120	2.3	3.2	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	2,840	1,245	1,595	13.7	11.5	16.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	810	565	245	3.9	5.2	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	235	75	155	1.1	0.7	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	415	110	305	2.0	1.0	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	300	155	145	1.4	1.4	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	890	390	500	4.3	3.6	5.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	910	520	395	4.4	4.8	4.0
61 Educational services	1,035	305	730	5.0	2.8	7.4
62 Health care and social assistance	3,100	495	2,605	15.0	4.6	26.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	465	270	190	2.2	2.5	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	1,080	405	670	5.2	3.8	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	860	415	445	4.2	3.8	4.5
91 Public administration	1,390	730	655	6.7	6.8	6.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	23,295	12,090	11,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	22,640	11,830	10,815	97.2	97.8	96.6
French	45	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	465	190	270	2.0	1.6	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	125	55	70	0.5	0.5	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	23,295	12,090	11,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	23,215	12,080	11,135	99.7	99.9	99.4
Official languages	23,195	12,070	11,130	99.6	99.8	99.4
English	23,085	12,035	11,050	99.1	99.5	98.7
French	110	30	75	0.5	0.2	0.7
Non-official languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	80	20	60	0.3	0.2	0.5
English and French	60	0	55	0.3	0.0	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	23,295	12,090	11,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	22,775	11,855	10,915	97.8	98.1	97.5
English	75	30	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	345	165	180	1.5	1.4	1.6
Non-official language	85	35	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	40	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	18,645	9,685	8,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,170	1,380	1,785	17.0	14.2	19.9
Worked outside Canada	45	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	3,065	2,360	710	16.4	24.4	7.9
Usual place of work	12,365	5,915	6,445	66.3	61.1	71.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	12,365	5,915	6,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,870	1,775	2,105	31.3	30.0	32.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,175	1,870	2,305	33.8	31.6	35.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,265	2,225	2,035	34.5	37.6	31.6
Commute to a different province or territory	50	45	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	15,435	8,275	7,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	14,065	7,600	6,470	91.1	91.8	90.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	12,960	7,060	5,900	84.0	85.3	82.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,110	540	570	7.2	6.5	8.0
Public transit	80	25	55	0.5	0.3	0.8
Walked	780	345	430	5.1	4.2	6.0
Bicycle	70	70	10	0.5	0.8	0.1
Other method	435	235	195	2.8	2.8	2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	15,435	8,275	7,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	5,600	2,665	2,935	36.3	32.2	41.0
15 to 29 minutes	4,955	2,635	2,320	32.1	31.8	32.4
30 to 44 minutes	2,775	1,625	1,150	18.0	19.6	16.1
45 to 59 minutes	1,015	580	435	6.6	7.0	6.1
60 minutes and over	1,085	765	315	7.0	9.2	4.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	15,435	8,275	7,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,135	805	330	7.4	9.7	4.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,015	2,070	945	19.5	25.0	13.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,555	2,570	1,985	29.5	31.1	27.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,495	1,445	2,050	22.6	17.5	28.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,620	550	1,070	10.5	6.6	15.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,605	835	770	10.4	10.1	10.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	6,920	3,575	3,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	805	420	385	11.6	11.7	11.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,115	3,160	2,960	88.4	88.4	88.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,115	2,635	2,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	615	315	300	12.0	12.0	12.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	320	160	155	6.3	6.1	6.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	295	155	145	5.8	5.9	5.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,505	2,315	2,185	88.1	87.9	87.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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