Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Algoma, District (DIS)More information: Ontario [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	113,777	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	114,094	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.3	...	...	- 0.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	59,854	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	51,709	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	48,281.36	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	113,775	56,030	57,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,945	8,260	7,680	14.0	14.7	13.3
0 to 4 years	4,765	2,480	2,285	4.2	4.4	4.0
5 to 9 years	5,675	2,875	2,800	5.0	5.1	4.8
10 to 14 years	5,500	2,910	2,590	4.8	5.2	4.5
15 to 64 years	67,770	33,545	34,220	59.6	59.9	59.3
15 to 19 years	5,255	2,715	2,540	4.6	4.8	4.4
20 to 24 years	5,695	3,065	2,625	5.0	5.5	4.5
25 to 29 years	6,080	3,130	2,945	5.3	5.6	5.1
30 to 34 years	6,190	3,090	3,100	5.4	5.5	5.4
35 to 39 years	6,085	3,005	3,080	5.3	5.4	5.3
40 to 44 years	5,940	2,885	3,055	5.2	5.1	5.3
45 to 49 years	5,930	2,885	3,045	5.2	5.1	5.3
50 to 54 years	7,035	3,470	3,570	6.2	6.2	6.2
55 to 59 years	9,220	4,375	4,840	8.1	7.8	8.4
60 to 64 years	10,345	4,925	5,420	9.1	8.8	9.4
65 years and over	30,065	14,225	15,840	26.4	25.4	27.4
65 to 69 years	9,240	4,545	4,700	8.1	8.1	8.1
70 to 74 years	8,070	3,995	4,075	7.1	7.1	7.1
75 to 79 years	5,390	2,515	2,880	4.7	4.5	5.0
80 to 84 years	3,740	1,720	2,020	3.3	3.1	3.5
85 years and over	3,630	1,460	2,170	3.2	2.6	3.8
85 to 89 years	2,285	985	1,305	2.0	1.8	2.3
90 to 94 years	1,085	405	685	1.0	0.7	1.2
95 to 99 years	230	75	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.0	14.7	13.3	14.0	14.7	13.3
15 to 64 years	59.6	59.9	59.3	59.6	59.9	59.3
65 years and over	26.4	25.4	27.4	26.4	25.4	27.4
85 years and over	3.2	2.6	3.8	3.2	2.6	3.8
Average age of the population	46.4	45.4	47.4	46.4	45.4	47.4
Median age of the population	50.0	48.4	51.2	50.0	48.4	51.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	51,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	35,630	...	...	68.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,185	...	...	6.2	...	...
Row house	1,690	...	...	3.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,670	...	...	3.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,410	...	...	12.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,640	...	...	5.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	380	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	51,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,325	...	...	33.5	...	...
2 persons	19,875	...	...	38.4	...	...
3 persons	6,865	...	...	13.3	...	...
4 persons	5,125	...	...	9.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,520	...	...	4.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	111,975	55,255	56,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	97,835	47,770	50,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	55,005	27,465	27,535	56.2	57.5	55.0
Married	43,605	21,785	21,820	44.6	45.6	43.6
Living common-law	11,400	5,680	5,715	11.7	11.9	11.4
Living common law - Never married	7,655	3,840	3,810	7.8	8.0	7.6
Living common law - Separated	760	395	365	0.8	0.8	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	2,515	1,245	1,275	2.6	2.6	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	465	205	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	42,830	20,305	22,525	43.8	42.5	45.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,630	13,810	10,820	25.2	28.9	21.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,330	1,525	1,805	3.4	3.2	3.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,915	3,075	3,835	7.1	6.4	7.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,955	1,895	6,065	8.1	4.0	12.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	20,240	...	...	61.1	...	...
3 persons	6,430	...	...	19.4	...	...
4 persons	4,605	...	...	13.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,865	...	...	5.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,045	...	...	81.6	...	...
Married couples	21,340	...	...	64.4	...	...
With children⁶	8,375	...	...	25.3	...	...
Without children	12,965	...	...	39.1	...	...
Common-law couples	5,700	...	...	17.2	...	...
With children⁶	2,295	...	...	6.9	...	...
Without children	3,405	...	...	10.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,100	...	...	18.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,680	...	...	14.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,420	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	111,975	55,255	56,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	88,240	43,670	44,565	78.8	79.0	78.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	54,085	27,005	27,075	48.3	48.9	47.7
Parents in one-parent families	6,100	1,420	4,680	5.4	2.6	8.3
Children⁶	28,050	15,245	12,810	25.1	27.6	22.6
In a two-parent family	18,860	10,175	8,685	16.8	18.4	15.3
In a one-parent family	9,190	5,070	4,120	8.2	9.2	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,740	11,585	12,155	21.2	21.0	21.4
Living alone	17,320	8,160	9,160	15.5	14.8	16.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,510	1,155	1,355	2.2	2.1	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	3,910	2,275	1,640	3.5	4.1	2.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	51,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,170	...	...	58.4	...	...
Couple-family households	25,280	...	...	48.9	...	...
With children⁶	9,920	...	...	19.2	...	...
Without children	15,360	...	...	29.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,890	...	...	9.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	915	...	...	1.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,325	...	...	2.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,820	...	...	3.5	...	...
One-person households	17,320	...	...	33.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	96,050	47,005	49,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,045	45,460	47,585	96.9	96.7	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,400	34,400	39,200	44,400	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,075	45,475	47,605	96.9	96.7	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,400	31,800	36,000	40,400	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,115	39,750	39,370	82.4	84.6	80.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	38,000	25,200	31,400	38,000	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,360	32,420	27,940	62.8	69.0	57.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	35,600	29,600	32,000	35,600	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,065	41,520	44,545	89.6	88.3	90.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	12,100	12,900	12,600	12,100	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,350	5,115	5,240	10.8	10.9	10.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,280	5,600	6,000	6,280	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,970	10,445	11,530	22.9	22.2	23.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	96,060	47,020	49,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,025	45,375	47,650	96.8	96.5	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,160	55,100	41,600	48,160	55,100	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,065	45,405	47,660	96.9	96.6	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,480	46,600	36,600	41,480	46,600	36,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,140	39,750	39,390	82.4	84.5	80.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,720	50,240	35,120	42,720	50,240	35,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,360	32,480	27,880	62.8	69.1	56.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,240	46,880	36,840	42,240	46,880	36,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,050	41,290	44,760	89.6	87.8	91.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,790	12,160	13,360	12,790	12,160	13,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,385	5,270	5,115	10.8	11.2	10.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,240	7,620	6,850	7,240	7,620	6,850
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,765	10,495	11,265	22.7	22.3	23.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,220	9,050	9,380	9,220	9,050	9,380
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	96,065	47,015	49,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,970	14,270	11,695	27.0	30.4	23.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	74,500	54,800	64,500	74,500	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,000	77,500	60,800	70,000	77,500	60,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,035	10,965	12,070	24.0	23.3	24.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,200	20,000	15,500	17,200	20,000	15,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,040	31,160	21,400	26,040	31,160	21,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.4	80.0	69.8	75.4	80.0	69.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.9	60.9	51.8	56.9	60.9	51.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.6	20.1	30.2	24.6	20.1	30.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.3	6.5	5.3	4.3	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.8	5.3	4.5	3.8	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	96,050	47,005	49,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,010	1,545	1,465	3.1	3.3	3.0
With total income	93,045	45,460	47,585	96.9	96.7	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,640	2,665	3,970	7.1	5.9	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	12,490	4,750	7,740	13.4	10.4	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	15,495	6,500	8,995	16.7	14.3	18.9
$30,000 to $39,999	13,140	6,255	6,890	14.1	13.8	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	11,190	5,400	5,785	12.0	11.9	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,320	3,990	4,330	8.9	8.8	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,250	3,325	2,925	6.7	7.3	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,805	2,770	2,035	5.2	6.1	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,005	2,565	1,445	4.3	5.6	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	3,175	2,015	1,160	3.4	4.4	2.4
$100,000 and over	7,535	5,230	2,310	8.1	11.5	4.9
$100,000 to $149,999	5,880	4,015	1,870	6.3	8.8	3.9
$150,000 and over	1,655	1,215	440	1.8	2.7	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	96,050	47,005	49,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,975	1,530	1,445	3.1	3.3	2.9
With after-tax income	93,075	45,470	47,600	96.9	96.7	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,970	2,735	4,235	7.5	6.0	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	12,915	4,955	7,960	13.9	10.9	16.7
$20,000 to $29,999	17,395	7,295	10,100	18.7	16.0	21.2
$30,000 to $39,999	15,505	7,580	7,930	16.7	16.7	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	12,095	5,955	6,140	13.0	13.1	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	8,645	4,525	4,125	9.3	10.0	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	6,500	3,815	2,680	7.0	8.4	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,865	3,180	1,685	5.2	7.0	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,350	2,060	1,295	3.6	4.5	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,790	1,200	590	1.9	2.6	1.2
$100,000 and over	3,050	2,185	865	3.3	4.8	1.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,860	1,335	525	2.0	2.9	1.1
$125,000 and over	1,195	845	345	1.3	1.9	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	96,050	47,005	49,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	35,695	14,585	21,105	37.2	31.0	43.0
With employment income	60,360	32,420	27,940	62.8	69.0	57.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,045	7,345	4,705	20.0	22.7	16.8
$5,000 to $9,999	4,650	2,035	2,615	7.7	6.3	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	6,940	3,060	3,880	11.5	9.4	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,335	2,435	2,900	8.8	7.5	10.4
$30,000 to $39,999	5,175	2,245	2,925	8.6	6.9	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	5,000	2,165	2,840	8.3	6.7	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	4,090	1,985	2,110	6.8	6.1	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,440	1,915	1,525	5.7	5.9	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,800	1,705	1,100	4.6	5.3	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,900	1,955	950	4.8	6.0	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,600	1,615	980	4.3	5.0	3.5
$100,000 and over	5,380	3,965	1,415	8.9	12.2	5.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,225	2,300	920	5.3	7.1	3.3
$125,000 and over	2,155	1,660	495	3.6	5.1	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	96,050	47,005	49,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,905	44,835	47,070	95.7	95.4	96.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	43,200	31,000	36,800	43,200	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,955	44,845	47,110	95.7	95.4	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,200	29,000	33,600	39,200	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,010	39,600	39,410	82.3	84.2	80.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	39,600	26,600	32,400	39,600	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,475	32,845	28,630	64.0	69.9	58.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,600	30,000	33,200	37,600	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,010	40,135	42,875	86.4	85.4	87.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	8,000	9,300	8,800	8,000	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,105	4,615	4,480	9.5	9.8	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	6,750	5,560	6,080	6,750	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	96,060	47,020	49,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,975	44,745	47,230	95.7	95.2	96.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,840	53,450	38,600	45,840	53,450	38,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,010	44,755	47,260	95.8	95.2	96.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,280	44,920	33,960	39,280	44,920	33,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,130	39,645	39,485	82.4	84.3	80.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,880	50,960	34,800	42,880	50,960	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,490	32,895	28,595	64.0	70.0	58.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,640	48,040	36,440	42,640	48,040	36,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,140	40,005	43,135	86.6	85.1	87.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,870	9,260	10,430	9,870	9,260	10,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,980	4,705	4,285	9.3	10.0	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,520	7,780	7,230	7,520	7,780	7,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	96,065	47,015	49,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,725	14,100	11,625	26.8	30.0	23.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	72,500	50,400	60,400	72,500	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,400	76,100	56,800	67,400	76,100	56,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,975	10,450	11,525	22.9	22.2	23.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	26,000	20,000	22,400	26,000	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,880	36,920	25,380	30,880	36,920	25,380
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.6	84.4	75.4	80.6	84.4	75.4
Employment income (%)	62.2	66.2	57.1	62.2	66.2	57.1
Government transfers (%)	19.5	15.5	24.6	19.5	15.5	24.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	51,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	33,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,390	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	51,705	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,600	...	...	86,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,700	...	...	74,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,310	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,440	...	...	45,440	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,520	...	...	39,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,400	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,400	...	...	107,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,300	...	...	92,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	51,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	405	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	265	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	915	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,455	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,685	...	...	5.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,525	...	...	4.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,080	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,365	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,470	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,375	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,355	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,895	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,400	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,080	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,710	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,720	...	...	32.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,535	...	...	10.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,965	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,375	...	...	8.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,840	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	51,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	440	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	275	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	925	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,505	...	...	2.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,830	...	...	5.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,805	...	...	5.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,425	...	...	4.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,760	...	...	5.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,710	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,590	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,960	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,480	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,900	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,375	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,830	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,885	...	...	24.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,565	...	...	10.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,355	...	...	6.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,965	...	...	7.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,110	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,530	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,825	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	21,230	10,430	10,800	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	36,400	32,000	34,000	36,400	32,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	33,600	30,400	32,000	33,600	30,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,600	...	...	107,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,400	...	...	92,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,485	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,900	...	...	94,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,600	...	...	81,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,865	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,800	...	...	144,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,200	...	...	122,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,800	...	...	71,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,900	...	...	64,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	21,230	10,375	10,860	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,320	46,160	40,560	43,320	46,160	40,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,840	39,760	36,000	37,840	39,760	36,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	111,980	55,255	56,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,075	9,880	9,200	17.0	17.9	16.2
0 to 5 years	5,840	3,060	2,775	5.2	5.5	4.9
18 to 64 years	64,125	31,580	32,545	57.3	57.2	57.4
65 years and over	28,775	13,800	14,975	25.7	25.0	26.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,915	6,850	8,070	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,970	1,505	1,470	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,030	485	540	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,990	3,820	4,165	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,950	1,520	2,430	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.3	12.4	14.2	13.3	12.4	14.2
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6	15.2	16.0	15.6	15.2	16.0
0 to 5 years (%)	17.6	15.9	19.5	17.6	15.9	19.5
18 to 64 years (%)	12.5	12.1	12.8	12.5	12.1	12.8
65 years and over (%)	13.7	11.0	16.2	13.7	11.0	16.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	108,840	53,725	55,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,245	9,460	8,780	16.8	17.6	15.9
0 to 5 years	5,595	2,940	2,655	5.1	5.5	4.8
18 to 64 years	62,260	30,670	31,595	57.2	57.1	57.3
65 years and over	28,335	13,600	14,735	26.0	25.3	26.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,550	2,375	2,180	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	595	315	275	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	190	95	100	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,600	1,925	1,675	...	...	...
65 years and over	355	135	220	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.2	4.4	4.0	4.2	4.4	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.2	3.7	3.4	3.2	3.7
18 to 64 years (%)	5.8	6.3	5.3	5.8	6.3	5.3
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.0	1.5	1.3	1.0	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	111,980	55,255	56,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	61,050	29,250	31,800	54.5	52.9	56.1
In bottom decile	13,010	6,275	6,735	11.6	11.4	11.9
In second decile	13,540	6,050	7,495	12.1	10.9	13.2
In third decile	12,330	6,000	6,335	11.0	10.9	11.2
In fourth decile	11,295	5,555	5,740	10.1	10.1	10.1
In fifth decile	10,875	5,370	5,505	9.7	9.7	9.7
In top half of the distribution	50,925	26,005	24,915	45.5	47.1	43.9
In sixth decile	10,845	5,425	5,420	9.7	9.8	9.6
In seventh decile	11,115	5,575	5,540	9.9	10.1	9.8
In eighth decile	10,700	5,540	5,160	9.6	10.0	9.1
In ninth decile	10,595	5,495	5,100	9.5	9.9	9.0
In top decile	7,670	3,980	3,690	6.8	7.2	6.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	111,975	...	...	111,975	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.470	...	...	0.470	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	112,745	55,565	57,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	99,125	49,495	49,635	87.9	89.1	86.8
French only	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	12,880	5,740	7,140	11.4	10.3	12.5
Neither English nor French	405	160	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	112,745	55,565	57,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	106,655	52,665	53,990	94.6	94.8	94.4
French	5,510	2,650	2,860	4.9	4.8	5.0
English and French	215	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	365	140	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	112,745	55,565	57,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,535	54,495	56,040	98.0	98.1	98.0
Official languages	102,695	50,660	52,040	91.1	91.2	91.0
English	96,830	47,835	49,000	85.9	86.1	85.7
French	5,860	2,820	3,040	5.2	5.1	5.3
Non-official languages	7,840	3,840	4,000	7.0	6.9	7.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	370	160	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	360	155	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	345	145	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	340	140	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	315	135	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,475	3,685	3,790	6.6	6.6	6.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	180	115	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	175	115	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	155	105	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	160	45	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	120	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	195	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,900	2,925	2,975	5.2	5.3	5.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	770	380	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	735	365	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	345	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,260	600	660	1.1	1.1	1.2
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	980	460	525	0.9	0.8	0.9
German	935	435	495	0.8	0.8	0.9
Pennsylvania German	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	180	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	675	370	305	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	600	330	275	0.5	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	125	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,150	1,555	1,595	2.8	2.8	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,635	1,295	1,340	2.3	2.3	2.3
Portuguese	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	290	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	220	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	640	300	345	0.6	0.5	0.6
Estonian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	500	230	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hungarian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,210	1,065	1,145	2.0	1.9	2.0
English and French	1,055	510	550	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,030	490	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	112,745	55,565	57,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	102,400	50,740	51,660	90.8	91.3	90.3
French	1,590	765	820	1.4	1.4	1.4
Non-official language	1,510	730	785	1.3	1.3	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,420	680	740	1.3	1.2	1.3
English and French	2,625	1,145	1,480	2.3	2.1	2.6
English and non-official language(s)	4,360	2,070	2,295	3.9	3.7	4.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	112,745	55,565	57,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	111,515	54,970	56,540	98.9	98.9	98.9
Official languages	108,875	53,690	55,185	96.6	96.6	96.5
English	106,915	52,775	54,140	94.8	95.0	94.7
French	1,960	915	1,050	1.7	1.6	1.8
Non-official languages	2,640	1,280	1,360	2.3	2.3	2.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,510	1,215	1,295	2.2	2.2	2.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,870	875	990	1.7	1.6	1.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	160	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	400	205	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	360	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	435	230	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	390	210	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	170	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	865	360	505	0.8	0.6	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	655	255	405	0.6	0.5	0.7
Portuguese	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	115	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,230	590	640	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	495	230	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	705	350	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	112,750	55,565	57,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	106,595	52,760	53,835	94.5	95.0	94.1
English	1,300	610	695	1.2	1.1	1.2
French	1,800	790	1,010	1.6	1.4	1.8
Non-official language	2,620	1,220	1,400	2.3	2.2	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	325	135	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	2,295	1,085	1,210	2.0	2.0	2.1
English and French	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	111,975	55,255	56,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	111,570	55,090	56,480	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	111,240	54,915	56,325	99.3	99.4	99.3
French	13,180	5,955	7,225	11.8	10.8	12.7
Non-official languages	11,210	5,520	5,690	10.0	10.0	10.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,005	430	575	0.9	0.8	1.0
Algonquian languages	980	415	570	0.9	0.8	1.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	965	405	560	0.9	0.7	1.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	960	395	565	0.9	0.7	1.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	890	380	510	0.8	0.7	0.9
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,245	5,110	5,135	9.1	9.2	9.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	160	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	235	160	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	210	145	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	205	65	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	175	50	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	225	150	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kannada	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,095	4,065	4,030	7.2	7.4	7.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	905	445	460	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	870	440	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	390	170	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	180	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,750	875	875	1.6	1.6	1.5
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,465	745	715	1.3	1.3	1.3
German	1,350	690	660	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pennsylvania German	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss German	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	270	140	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,040	635	405	0.9	1.1	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	920	555	360	0.8	1.0	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	535	310	230	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	405	245	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	145	95	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,420	2,140	2,285	3.9	3.9	4.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,515	1,680	1,830	3.1	3.0	3.2
Portuguese	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	780	365	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	160	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	425	235	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Chinese languages	420	230	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	240	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	765	340	425	0.7	0.6	0.7
Estonian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	565	240	325	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hungarian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,980	55,255	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,935	7,690	8,245	14.2	13.9	14.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	15,445	7,475	7,970	13.8	13.5	14.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	9,875	4,655	5,215	8.8	8.4	9.2
Métis	5,520	2,785	2,735	4.9	5.0	4.8
Inuk (Inuit)	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	320	120	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-Indigenous identity	96,035	47,565	48,470	85.8	86.1	85.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,980	55,255	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	8,215	3,785	4,430	7.3	6.9	7.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	103,760	51,470	52,285	92.7	93.1	92.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	51,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	36,695	...	...	71.0	...	...
Renter	14,405	...	...	27.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	610	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	51,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,395	...	...	2.7	...	...
Not condominium	50,315	...	...	97.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	51,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	5,600	...	...	10.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,020	...	...	25.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	22,745	...	...	44.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,155	...	...	19.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	51,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,560	...	...	22.4	...	...
5 rooms	8,630	...	...	16.7	...	...
6 rooms	8,815	...	...	17.0	...	...
7 rooms	7,140	...	...	13.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,565	...	...	30.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	51,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	51,445	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	265	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	51,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	50,320	...	...	97.3	...	...
Not suitable	1,390	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	51,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	16,415	...	...	31.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	20,810	...	...	40.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,390	...	...	12.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,735	...	...	7.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,115	...	...	2.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,305	...	...	2.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,070	...	...	2.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	865	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	51,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,145	...	...	91.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,565	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	51,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	28,955	...	...	56.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,400	...	...	41.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,350	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	51,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,215	...	...	2.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,620	...	...	10.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,570	...	...	12.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,375	...	...	14.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,555	...	...	22.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,910	...	...	21.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,130	...	...	11.9	...	...
85 years and over	2,335	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	50,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	42,445	...	...	84.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,665	...	...	15.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,245	...	...	14.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	51,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,425	...	...	24.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,690	...	...	12.9	...	...
Not suitable only	1,040	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,530	...	...	6.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	815	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	39,285	...	...	76.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	49,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,400	...	...	8.9	...	...
Not in core need	45,295	...	...	91.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35,935	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.9	...	...	50.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	810	...	...	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	996	...	...	996	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	246,000	...	...	246,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	266,800	...	...	266,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,325	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	21.0	...	...	21.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.6	...	...	33.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.1	...	...	19.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	850	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	875	...	...	875	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	615	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	472	...	...	472	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	462	...	...	462	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	111,975	55,260	56,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	7,655	3,665	3,990	6.8	6.6	7.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	7,515	3,600	3,910	6.7	6.5	6.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	6,270	2,915	3,350	5.6	5.3	5.9
Métis single ancestry	1,210	665	545	1.1	1.2	1.0
Inuit single ancestry	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10,365	4,955	5,405	9.3	9.0	9.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10,125	4,815	5,310	9.0	8.7	9.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,815	3,265	3,545	6.1	5.9	6.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,270	1,525	1,745	2.9	2.8	3.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	245	140	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	215	130	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	93,955	46,640	47,320	83.9	84.4	83.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	111,975	55,260	56,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	109,320	53,885	55,430	97.6	97.5	97.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,825	9,750	9,075	16.8	17.6	16.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	90,495	44,140	46,355	80.8	79.9	81.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,655	1,370	1,285	2.4	2.5	2.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	111,975	55,260	56,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	102,585	50,650	51,940	91.6	91.7	91.6
Immigrants⁸¹	8,360	3,960	4,400	7.5	7.2	7.8
Before 1980	5,445	2,590	2,855	4.9	4.7	5.0
1980 to 1990	705	305	395	0.6	0.6	0.7
1991 to 2000	510	220	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
2001 to 2010	655	335	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,050	515	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
2011 to 2015	395	185	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
2016 to 2021	655	330	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,025	650	375	0.9	1.2	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,360	3,955	4,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,260	670	590	15.1	16.9	13.4
5 to 14 years	1,940	1,000	935	23.2	25.3	21.2
15 to 24 years	2,200	1,040	1,160	26.3	26.3	26.3
25 to 44 years	2,515	1,065	1,455	30.1	26.9	33.0
45 years and over	450	190	260	5.4	4.8	5.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,360	3,955	4,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,450	570	885	17.3	14.4	20.1
Brazil	30	20	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Colombia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	20	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	25	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
Mexico	40	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.5
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	65	15	45	0.8	0.4	1.0
United States of America	1,005	350	655	12.0	8.8	14.9
Other places of birth in Americas	240	120	120	2.9	3.0	2.7
Europe	5,555	2,700	2,860	66.4	68.3	64.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Croatia	80	45	35	1.0	1.1	0.8
France	55	25	35	0.7	0.6	0.8
Germany	720	340	380	8.6	8.6	8.6
Greece	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hungary	90	35	50	1.1	0.9	1.1
Italy	1,930	955	980	23.1	24.1	22.2
Netherlands	150	85	70	1.8	2.1	1.6
Poland	240	100	135	2.9	2.5	3.1
Portugal	125	60	65	1.5	1.5	1.5
Romania	55	35	15	0.7	0.9	0.3
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Serbia⁸⁶	25	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Ukraine	40	15	25	0.5	0.4	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,300	620	680	15.6	15.7	15.4
Other places of birth in Europe	685	355	335	8.2	9.0	7.6
Africa	250	160	95	3.0	4.0	2.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	45	30	15	0.5	0.8	0.3
Somalia	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	135	85	50	1.6	2.1	1.1
Asia	1,085	515	570	13.0	13.0	12.9
Afghanistan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	45	30	10	0.5	0.8	0.2
Iraq	0	10	0	0.0	0.3	0.0
Lebanon	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	115	85	30	1.4	2.1	0.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	195	95	95	2.3	2.4	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	0	25	0.4	0.0	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	50	15	35	0.6	0.4	0.8
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Philippines	100	15	85	1.2	0.4	1.9
Viet Nam	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	320	160	155	3.8	4.0	3.5
Pakistan	35	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.5
Sri Lanka	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	105	45	55	1.3	1.1	1.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	655	330	330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	160	75	90	24.4	22.7	27.3
Brazil	15	10	0	2.3	3.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	10	10	2.3	3.0	3.0
United States of America	85	25	55	13.0	7.6	16.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	50	25	20	7.6	7.6	6.1
Europe	45	30	20	6.9	9.1	6.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	25	0	3.8	7.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	1.5	0.0	3.0
Africa	125	60	65	19.1	18.2	19.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	40	20	20	6.1	6.1	6.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	25	35	8.4	7.6	10.6
Asia	320	165	155	48.9	50.0	47.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	0	2.3	3.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	120	50	65	18.3	15.2	19.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	15	3.1	0.0	4.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	115	80	30	17.6	24.2	9.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15	2.3	0.0	4.5
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	111,975	55,255	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,185	5,005	5,180	9.1	9.1	9.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	14,840	7,360	7,485	13.3	13.3	13.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	86,950	42,890	44,055	77.7	77.6	77.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,920	1,370	1,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,135	580	550	38.9	42.3	35.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	510	360	150	17.5	26.3	9.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	620	225	395	21.2	16.4	25.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,300	505	800	44.5	36.9	51.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	445	260	180	15.2	19.0	11.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	40	20	20	1.4	1.5	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,920	1,370	1,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	70	45	25	2.4	3.3	1.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	445	230	215	15.2	16.8	13.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	85	25	60	2.9	1.8	3.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	195	90	105	6.7	6.6	6.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	70	15	55	2.4	1.1	3.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,055	965	1,090	70.4	70.4	70.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	111,975	55,255	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,825	2,065	1,755	3.4	3.7	3.1
South Asian	1,250	750	500	1.1	1.4	0.9
Chinese	560	310	250	0.5	0.6	0.4
Black	780	410	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Filipino	245	80	165	0.2	0.1	0.3
Arab	150	100	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	235	140	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Southeast Asian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	125	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	108,155	53,195	54,960	96.6	96.3	96.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	111,975	55,255	56,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	15,750	7,835	7,915	14.1	14.2	14.0
English	27,585	13,625	13,965	24.6	24.7	24.6
Irish	23,280	10,910	12,360	20.8	19.7	21.8
Scottish	23,430	11,440	11,990	20.9	20.7	21.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	22,635	10,810	11,825	20.2	19.6	20.8
German	10,905	5,380	5,530	9.7	9.7	9.7
Chinese	570	315	255	0.5	0.6	0.4
Italian	16,835	8,515	8,325	15.0	15.4	14.7
Indian (India)	965	590	375	0.9	1.1	0.7
Ukrainian	4,630	2,195	2,435	4.1	4.0	4.3
Dutch	2,725	1,400	1,325	2.4	2.5	2.3
Polish	3,820	1,875	1,945	3.4	3.4	3.4
Québécois	420	190	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,395	1,625	1,770	3.0	2.9	3.1
Filipino	270	90	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
French Canadian	3,145	1,485	1,660	2.8	2.7	2.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,265	1,175	1,095	2.0	2.1	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	6,020	2,890	3,125	5.4	5.2	5.5
Métis	4,830	2,385	2,450	4.3	4.3	4.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,330	640	690	1.2	1.2	1.2
Russian	750	320	430	0.7	0.6	0.8
Norwegian	885	445	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
Welsh	1,920	930	990	1.7	1.7	1.7
Portuguese	495	265	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
American	1,360	655	700	1.2	1.2	1.2
Spanish	345	145	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	1,680	795	890	1.5	1.4	1.6
Hungarian	645	315	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Acadian	195	60	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	195	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Greek	315	140	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	110	75	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	575	250	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Korean	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	330	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanese	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	280	130	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	705	380	320	0.6	0.7	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,120	1,070	1,045	1.9	1.9	1.8
Sikh	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austrian	815	460	350	0.7	0.8	0.6
Belgian	400	210	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haitian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	465	245	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	4,605	2,285	2,320	4.1	4.1	4.1
Sri Lankan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	1,020	510	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
Japanese	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	235	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	380	210	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Colombian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	275	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	165	100	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	3,685	1,710	1,975	3.3	3.1	3.5
Newfoundlander	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	750	385	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Persian	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	280	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	210	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	345	220	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
South African	45	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	50	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	180	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	180	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Argentinian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	345	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kurdish	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	385	185	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	111,980	55,255	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Christian	65,830	30,700	35,130	58.8	55.6	61.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,990	2,845	3,150	5.3	5.1	5.6
Anabaptist	410	215	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Anglican	5,355	2,450	2,905	4.8	4.4	5.1
Baptist	1,795	815	985	1.6	1.5	1.7
Catholic	35,300	16,820	18,475	31.5	30.4	32.6
Christian Orthodox	220	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	840	350	490	0.8	0.6	0.9
Latter Day Saints	355	165	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	1,630	790	835	1.5	1.4	1.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	405	185	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	985	430	555	0.9	0.8	1.0
Presbyterian	1,330	610	720	1.2	1.1	1.3
Reformed	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	7,485	3,265	4,215	6.7	5.9	7.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,695	1,645	2,050	3.3	3.0	3.6
Hindu	520	340	180	0.5	0.6	0.3
Jewish	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	370	220	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sikh	315	190	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	735	310	430	0.7	0.6	0.8
Other religions and spiritual traditions	670	305	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	43,265	23,085	20,180	38.6	41.8	35.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	111,115	54,860	56,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	99,475	49,060	50,415	89.5	89.4	89.6
Movers	11,640	5,795	5,840	10.5	10.6	10.4
Non-migrants	7,475	3,700	3,770	6.7	6.7	6.7
Migrants	4,165	2,095	2,070	3.7	3.8	3.7
Internal migrants	3,755	1,875	1,880	3.4	3.4	3.3
Intraprovincial migrants	3,350	1,690	1,655	3.0	3.1	2.9
Interprovincial migrants	400	180	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
External migrants	410	225	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	107,195	52,840	54,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	70,455	34,575	35,870	65.7	65.4	66.0
Movers	36,745	18,260	18,485	34.3	34.6	34.0
Non-migrants	19,215	9,255	9,950	17.9	17.5	18.3
Migrants	17,535	9,000	8,530	16.4	17.0	15.7
Internal migrants	15,955	8,065	7,890	14.9	15.3	14.5
Intraprovincial migrants	14,470	7,310	7,155	13.5	13.8	13.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,490	755	735	1.4	1.4	1.4
External migrants	1,575	935	640	1.5	1.8	1.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	96,060	47,015	49,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,025	10,535	9,495	20.8	22.4	19.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	76,035	36,480	39,555	79.2	77.6	80.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,405	27,515	28,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,030	3,885	3,145	12.5	14.1	10.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,380	23,630	25,750	87.5	85.9	89.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	96,060	47,015	49,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,625	8,950	8,680	18.3	19.0	17.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,125	13,845	15,280	30.3	29.4	31.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,315	24,225	25,090	51.3	51.5	51.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,160	17,335	15,825	34.5	36.9	32.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,570	6,065	1,500	7.9	12.9	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,440	2,470	970	3.6	5.3	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,125	3,595	530	4.3	7.6	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,050	10,600	13,450	25.0	22.5	27.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,540	670	870	1.6	1.4	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,155	6,885	9,265	16.8	14.6	18.9
Bachelor's degree	11,895	4,865	7,035	12.4	10.3	14.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,215	490	725	1.3	1.0	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	455	295	150	0.5	0.6	0.3
Master's degree	2,230	1,015	1,220	2.3	2.2	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	355	220	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,410	27,510	28,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,040	3,325	2,710	10.7	12.1	9.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,435	8,305	8,125	29.1	30.2	28.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,935	15,880	18,060	60.2	57.7	62.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,355	11,245	11,115	39.6	40.9	38.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,285	3,405	885	7.6	12.4	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,995	1,420	575	3.5	5.2	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,285	1,980	305	4.1	7.2	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,070	7,425	9,645	30.3	27.0	33.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,005	420	590	1.8	1.5	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,575	4,635	6,940	20.5	16.8	24.0
Bachelor's degree	8,525	3,305	5,225	15.1	12.0	18.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	870	325	540	1.5	1.2	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	340	200	145	0.6	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	1,560	655	910	2.8	2.4	3.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	280	150	130	0.5	0.5	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	96,060	47,015	49,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	46,750	22,790	23,960	48.7	48.5	48.8
Education	3,265	910	2,360	3.4	1.9	4.8
13. Education	3,265	910	2,360	3.4	1.9	4.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,120	515	605	1.2	1.1	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	95	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,010	420	590	1.1	0.9	1.2
Humanities	1,755	720	1,035	1.8	1.5	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	25	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	460	140	320	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	420	130	290	0.4	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	125	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	340	195	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	15	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,160	1,410	3,755	5.4	3.0	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	325	135	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,355	80	1,275	1.4	0.2	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	610	195	415	0.6	0.4	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	25	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,295	265	1,030	1.3	0.6	2.1
45. Social sciences	1,415	700	720	1.5	1.5	1.5
Business, management and public administration	7,940	2,380	5,560	8.3	5.1	11.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,270	175	1,095	1.3	0.4	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,665	2,200	4,465	6.9	4.7	9.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,440	710	730	1.5	1.5	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	770	355	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	255	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	305	200	105	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,505	965	540	1.6	2.1	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,175	805	370	1.2	1.7	0.8
25. Library science	95	0	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	195	120	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,905	11,380	525	12.4	24.2	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	155	110	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	970	895	75	1.0	1.9	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,170	2,920	245	3.3	6.2	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,560	2,495	60	2.7	5.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,255	3,190	65	3.4	6.8	0.1
48. Precision production	1,795	1,765	30	1.9	3.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,640	1,175	470	1.7	2.5	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	465	225	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,175	945	235	1.2	2.0	0.5
Health and related fields	9,220	1,620	7,600	9.6	3.4	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	635	375	255	0.7	0.8	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,415	1,140	7,270	8.8	2.4	14.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	140	95	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,350	2,445	1,910	4.5	5.2	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,825	450	1,370	1.9	1.0	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,565	1,100	465	1.6	2.3	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	945	880	65	1.0	1.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,405	27,515	28,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,475	11,640	10,835	39.8	42.3	37.5
Education	1,960	485	1,480	3.5	1.8	5.1
13. Education	1,960	485	1,480	3.5	1.8	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	830	340	490	1.5	1.2	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	780	305	475	1.4	1.1	1.6
Humanities	1,085	410	675	1.9	1.5	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	280	75	205	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	265	80	195	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	75	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	210	120	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,750	925	2,825	6.6	3.4	9.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270	115	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,035	70	965	1.8	0.3	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	420	105	320	0.7	0.4	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	15	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	925	165	760	1.6	0.6	2.6
45. Social sciences	980	450	525	1.7	1.6	1.8
Business, management and public administration	5,805	1,675	4,130	10.3	6.1	14.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,020	140	885	1.8	0.5	3.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,775	1,535	3,240	8.5	5.6	11.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	990	430	565	1.8	1.6	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	555	235	325	1.0	0.9	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	195	80	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	180	110	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,065	725	345	1.9	2.6	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	885	635	250	1.6	2.3	0.9
25. Library science	50	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,545	7,125	415	13.4	25.9	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	125	85	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	675	610	65	1.2	2.2	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,080	1,905	180	3.7	6.9	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,630	1,580	50	2.9	5.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,985	1,935	55	3.5	7.0	0.2
48. Precision production	1,045	1,015	30	1.9	3.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,170	765	405	2.1	2.8	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	365	165	200	0.6	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	805	600	200	1.4	2.2	0.7
Health and related fields	6,480	1,215	5,265	11.5	4.4	18.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	480	290	190	0.9	1.1	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,885	870	5,015	10.4	3.2	17.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,250	1,785	1,460	5.8	6.5	5.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,300	295	1,010	2.3	1.1	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,270	865	400	2.3	3.1	1.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	665	620	50	1.2	2.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	56,405	27,515	28,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,475	11,640	10,835	39.8	42.3	37.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	33,930	15,875	18,055	60.2	57.7	62.5
Location of study inside Canada	30,855	14,405	16,455	54.7	52.4	56.9
Same as province or territory of residence	29,560	13,805	15,755	52.4	50.2	54.5
Different than province or territory of residence	1,295	600	700	2.3	2.2	2.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,075	1,475	1,605	5.5	5.4	5.6
Americas	2,105	985	1,120	3.7	3.6	3.9
United States of America	1,990	920	1,065	3.5	3.3	3.7
Mexico	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	275	160	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	100	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Africa	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asia	575	275	300	1.0	1.0	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	110	30	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	350	190	155	0.6	0.7	0.5
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oceania	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	96,060	47,015	49,050	...	...	...
In the labour force	50,330	25,970	24,360	...	...	...
Employed	43,855	22,600	21,255	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,475	3,370	3,105	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	45,730	21,045	24,680	...	...	...
Participation rate	52.4	55.2	49.7	52.4	55.2	49.7
Employment rate	45.7	48.1	43.3	45.7	48.1	43.3
Unemployment rate	12.9	13.0	12.7	12.9	13.0	12.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	96,060	47,015	49,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	44,830	20,560	24,270	46.7	43.7	49.5
Worked	51,225	26,450	24,780	53.3	56.3	50.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,790	14,745	12,040	27.9	31.4	24.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,435	11,705	12,735	25.4	24.9	26.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.2	40.7	40.9	41.2	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	50,335	25,970	24,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,330	735	595	2.6	2.8	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	49,005	25,235	23,765	97.4	97.2	97.5
Employee	44,295	22,475	21,815	88.0	86.5	89.5
Permanent position	37,225	18,990	18,245	74.0	73.1	74.9
Temporary position	7,065	3,485	3,580	14.0	13.4	14.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,925	820	1,105	3.8	3.2	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,140	2,665	2,470	10.2	10.3	10.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,710	2,765	1,950	9.4	10.6	8.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	50,335	25,970	24,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,330	735	595	2.6	2.8	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	49,005	25,235	23,765	97.4	97.2	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	300	210	95	0.6	0.8	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,390	1,605	4,790	12.7	6.2	19.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,495	2,000	490	5.0	7.7	2.0
3 Health occupations	5,025	845	4,180	10.0	3.3	17.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,805	2,160	4,645	13.5	8.3	19.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	950	365	585	1.9	1.4	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	12,780	5,235	7,550	25.4	20.2	31.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,170	9,335	840	20.2	35.9	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,655	1,355	295	3.3	5.2	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,430	2,135	295	4.8	8.2	1.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	50,335	25,970	24,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,330	735	595	2.6	2.8	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	49,005	25,235	23,765	97.4	97.2	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,045	725	320	2.1	2.8	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,230	1,115	110	2.4	4.3	0.5
22 Utilities	510	425	90	1.0	1.6	0.4
23 Construction	3,685	3,255	430	7.3	12.5	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	4,545	3,925	620	9.0	15.1	2.5
41 Wholesale trade	805	625	175	1.6	2.4	0.7
44-45 Retail trade	6,535	3,180	3,355	13.0	12.2	13.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,070	1,500	565	4.1	5.8	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	470	250	215	0.9	1.0	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,135	315	820	2.3	1.2	3.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	660	360	300	1.3	1.4	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,855	925	930	3.7	3.6	3.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,010	1,315	695	4.0	5.1	2.9
61 Educational services	4,025	1,245	2,785	8.0	4.8	11.4
62 Health care and social assistance	8,605	1,460	7,145	17.1	5.6	29.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,325	605	720	2.6	2.3	3.0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,235	1,150	2,085	6.4	4.4	8.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,000	1,095	905	4.0	4.2	3.7
91 Public administration	3,225	1,745	1,480	6.4	6.7	6.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	55,195	28,510	26,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	52,405	27,350	25,055	94.9	95.9	93.9
French	430	160	270	0.8	0.6	1.0
Non-official language	125	80	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	125	80	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
English and French	1,785	700	1,080	3.2	2.5	4.0
English and non-official language(s)	440	200	240	0.8	0.7	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	55,195	28,510	26,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	54,965	28,405	26,560	99.6	99.6	99.5
Official languages	54,785	28,290	26,495	99.3	99.2	99.3
English	54,140	28,060	26,080	98.1	98.4	97.7
French	645	235	410	1.2	0.8	1.5
Non-official languages	175	110	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	160	105	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	145	95	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	120	85	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	115	80	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
German	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	240	110	130	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	190	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	55,195	28,510	26,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	53,180	27,690	25,490	96.3	97.1	95.5
English	260	95	165	0.5	0.3	0.6
French	1,390	560	830	2.5	2.0	3.1
Non-official language	350	160	190	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	110	30	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-Indigenous	240	130	110	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	43,855	22,600	21,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,830	2,880	3,945	15.6	12.7	18.6
Worked outside Canada	170	100	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
No fixed workplace address	4,750	3,635	1,115	10.8	16.1	5.2
Usual place of work	32,105	15,985	16,120	73.2	70.7	75.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	32,105	15,985	16,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,785	12,530	13,250	80.3	78.4	82.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,370	2,820	2,550	16.7	17.6	15.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	825	540	290	2.6	3.4	1.8
Commute to a different province or territory	125	95	30	0.4	0.6	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,860	19,620	17,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	33,295	17,680	15,615	90.3	90.1	90.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,750	16,605	14,145	83.4	84.6	82.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,540	1,075	1,470	6.9	5.5	8.5
Public transit	820	390	425	2.2	2.0	2.5
Walked	1,735	870	865	4.7	4.4	5.0
Bicycle	300	235	60	0.8	1.2	0.3
Other method	715	435	275	1.9	2.2	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,860	19,620	17,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,965	10,935	11,030	59.6	55.7	64.0
15 to 29 minutes	9,390	5,155	4,235	25.5	26.3	24.6
30 to 44 minutes	2,960	1,740	1,220	8.0	8.9	7.1
45 to 59 minutes	1,120	670	455	3.0	3.4	2.6
60 minutes and over	1,420	1,120	300	3.9	5.7	1.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,860	19,620	17,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,935	2,330	605	8.0	11.9	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,545	4,085	2,460	17.8	20.8	14.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,995	4,835	4,160	24.4	24.6	24.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,905	3,450	5,455	24.2	17.6	31.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,995	1,650	2,340	10.8	8.4	13.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,485	3,270	2,215	14.9	16.7	12.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,420	10,060	9,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,280	1,630	1,650	16.9	16.2	17.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,145	8,435	7,715	83.1	83.8	82.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,270	7,390	6,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,465	1,210	1,250	17.3	16.4	18.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,565	755	805	11.0	10.2	11.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	900	455	445	6.3	6.2	6.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,810	6,175	5,635	82.8	83.6	81.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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