Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kenora, District (DIS)More information: Ontario [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	66,000	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	65,533	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.7	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	32,914	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	24,818	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.2	...	...	0.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	395,432.07	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	66,000	33,400	32,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,065	7,235	6,830	21.3	21.7	21.0
0 to 4 years	4,330	2,195	2,135	6.6	6.6	6.5
5 to 9 years	4,905	2,520	2,380	7.4	7.5	7.3
10 to 14 years	4,830	2,515	2,315	7.3	7.5	7.1
15 to 64 years	41,115	20,860	20,255	62.3	62.5	62.1
15 to 19 years	4,250	2,260	1,985	6.4	6.8	6.1
20 to 24 years	3,950	2,120	1,835	6.0	6.3	5.6
25 to 29 years	4,325	2,210	2,110	6.6	6.6	6.5
30 to 34 years	4,280	2,145	2,135	6.5	6.4	6.5
35 to 39 years	3,955	1,950	2,005	6.0	5.8	6.2
40 to 44 years	3,770	1,905	1,860	5.7	5.7	5.7
45 to 49 years	3,455	1,710	1,745	5.2	5.1	5.4
50 to 54 years	3,905	1,910	1,995	5.9	5.7	6.1
55 to 59 years	4,600	2,270	2,330	7.0	6.8	7.1
60 to 64 years	4,630	2,380	2,250	7.0	7.1	6.9
65 years and over	10,820	5,305	5,515	16.4	15.9	16.9
65 to 69 years	3,750	1,940	1,810	5.7	5.8	5.6
70 to 74 years	3,030	1,545	1,485	4.6	4.6	4.6
75 to 79 years	1,735	850	885	2.6	2.5	2.7
80 to 84 years	1,240	555	685	1.9	1.7	2.1
85 years and over	1,065	420	645	1.6	1.3	2.0
85 to 89 years	710	310	400	1.1	0.9	1.2
90 to 94 years	290	100	190	0.4	0.3	0.6
95 to 99 years	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21.3	21.7	21.0	21.3	21.7	21.0
15 to 64 years	62.3	62.5	62.1	62.3	62.5	62.1
65 years and over	16.4	15.9	16.9	16.4	15.9	16.9
85 years and over	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.6	1.3	2.0
Average age of the population	38.8	38.3	39.4	38.8	38.3	39.4
Median age of the population	37.6	36.8	38.4	37.6	36.8	38.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	24,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	20,100	...	...	81.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	915	...	...	3.7	...	...
Row house	535	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	550	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,745	...	...	7.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	200	...	...	0.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	75	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	700	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	24,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	6,835	...	...	27.5	...	...
2 persons	8,385	...	...	33.8	...	...
3 persons	3,470	...	...	14.0	...	...
4 persons	3,005	...	...	12.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,130	...	...	12.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	65,040	32,860	32,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	51,935	26,170	25,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	28,320	14,125	14,200	54.5	54.0	55.1
Married	19,930	9,960	9,975	38.4	38.1	38.7
Living common-law	8,390	4,165	4,225	16.2	15.9	16.4
Living common law - Never married	6,695	3,310	3,385	12.9	12.6	13.1
Living common law - Separated	390	200	190	0.8	0.8	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	1,115	575	540	2.1	2.2	2.1
Living common law - Widowed	190	75	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	23,615	12,045	11,570	45.5	46.0	44.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	16,520	9,285	7,230	31.8	35.5	28.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,530	710	815	2.9	2.7	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,500	1,235	1,265	4.8	4.7	4.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,065	815	2,255	5.9	3.1	8.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	18,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	9,510	...	...	52.2	...	...
3 persons	3,785	...	...	20.8	...	...
4 persons	2,875	...	...	15.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,065	...	...	11.3	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	18,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	13,860	...	...	76.0	...	...
Married couples	9,670	...	...	53.0	...	...
With children⁶	4,420	...	...	24.2	...	...
Without children	5,250	...	...	28.8	...	...
Common-law couples	4,190	...	...	23.0	...	...
With children⁶	2,260	...	...	12.4	...	...
Without children	1,935	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,375	...	...	24.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,060	...	...	16.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,315	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	65,040	32,860	32,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	53,790	26,945	26,850	82.7	82.0	83.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	27,725	13,815	13,910	42.6	42.0	43.2
Parents in one-parent families	4,370	1,310	3,060	6.7	4.0	9.5
Children⁶	21,700	11,820	9,885	33.4	36.0	30.7
In a two-parent family	13,905	7,490	6,420	21.4	22.8	20.0
In a one-parent family	7,790	4,325	3,465	12.0	13.2	10.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,245	5,920	5,325	17.3	18.0	16.5
Living alone	6,830	3,535	3,295	10.5	10.8	10.2
Living with other relatives⁷	2,785	1,430	1,350	4.3	4.4	4.2
Living with non-relatives only	1,625	950	675	2.5	2.9	2.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	24,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	14,555	...	...	58.6	...	...
Couple-family households	12,015	...	...	48.4	...	...
With children⁶	5,635	...	...	22.7	...	...
Without children	6,380	...	...	25.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,545	...	...	10.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,240	...	...	5.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	190	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,160	...	...	4.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	840	...	...	3.4	...	...
One-person households	6,830	...	...	27.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	50,995	25,645	25,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,840	23,870	23,965	93.8	93.1	94.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,400	38,400	41,200	44,400	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,855	23,875	23,980	93.8	93.1	94.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	40,800	35,600	38,000	40,800	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,510	20,645	19,870	79.4	80.5	78.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,200	33,200	36,800	41,200	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,850	17,650	16,195	66.4	68.8	63.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	38,400	35,600	36,800	38,400	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,870	21,040	21,830	84.1	82.0	86.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	6,850	10,900	9,200	6,850	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,720	2,325	2,395	9.3	9.1	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,120	6,360	5,800	6,120	6,360	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,640	4,190	4,455	16.9	16.3	17.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	50,990	25,645	25,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,960	24,005	23,950	94.1	93.6	94.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,360	54,700	44,080	49,360	54,700	44,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,965	24,005	23,960	94.1	93.6	94.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,720	46,200	39,240	42,720	46,200	39,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,495	20,670	19,825	79.4	80.6	78.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	53,750	39,560	46,800	53,750	39,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,845	17,740	16,110	66.4	69.2	63.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,640	50,240	40,520	45,640	50,240	40,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,950	21,120	21,825	84.2	82.4	86.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,010	9,540	12,440	11,010	9,540	12,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,505	2,170	2,335	8.8	8.5	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,550	7,700	7,420	7,550	7,700	7,420
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,500	4,175	4,335	16.7	16.3	17.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,380	8,250	8,510	8,380	8,250	8,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	50,995	25,645	25,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	16,565	8,915	7,645	32.5	34.8	30.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	64,000	55,600	59,600	64,000	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,700	71,100	59,500	65,700	71,100	59,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,765	5,250	5,515	21.1	20.5	21.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	22,600	19,400	21,200	22,600	19,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,240	38,400	26,400	32,240	38,400	26,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0	84.6	74.2	80.0	84.6	74.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.2	68.0	61.8	65.2	68.0	61.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.0	15.4	25.8	20.0	15.4	25.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.9	3.1	4.8	3.9	3.1	4.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.0	2.6	3.5	3.0	2.6	3.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	50,995	25,640	25,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,155	1,770	1,385	6.2	6.9	5.5
With total income	47,840	23,875	23,970	93.8	93.1	94.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,285	2,885	2,400	11.0	12.1	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	5,900	2,580	3,320	12.3	10.8	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	6,515	2,860	3,655	13.6	12.0	15.2
$30,000 to $39,999	5,630	2,590	3,045	11.8	10.8	12.7
$40,000 to $49,999	5,245	2,395	2,845	11.0	10.0	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,635	2,180	2,450	9.7	9.1	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	3,690	1,870	1,815	7.7	7.8	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,890	1,505	1,380	6.0	6.3	5.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,980	1,090	885	4.1	4.6	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,605	935	665	3.4	3.9	2.8
$100,000 and over	4,465	2,970	1,490	9.3	12.4	6.2
$100,000 to $149,999	3,475	2,250	1,225	7.3	9.4	5.1
$150,000 and over	990	720	270	2.1	3.0	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	50,995	25,640	25,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,135	1,770	1,370	6.1	6.9	5.4
With after-tax income	47,860	23,875	23,980	93.9	93.1	94.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,450	2,930	2,520	11.4	12.3	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	6,090	2,660	3,430	12.7	11.1	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	7,165	3,140	4,020	15.0	13.2	16.8
$30,000 to $39,999	6,465	2,990	3,470	13.5	12.5	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	6,230	3,010	3,220	13.0	12.6	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	5,045	2,555	2,490	10.5	10.7	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,725	1,915	1,805	7.8	8.0	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,620	1,470	1,150	5.5	6.2	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,975	1,160	820	4.1	4.9	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,125	705	420	2.4	3.0	1.8
$100,000 and over	1,975	1,335	635	4.1	5.6	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,255	840	410	2.6	3.5	1.7
$125,000 and over	725	500	225	1.5	2.1	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	50,995	25,640	25,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	17,145	7,995	9,155	33.6	31.2	36.1
With employment income	33,845	17,650	16,200	66.4	68.8	63.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,315	2,945	2,370	15.7	16.7	14.6
$5,000 to $9,999	2,520	1,190	1,330	7.4	6.7	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	3,620	1,795	1,820	10.7	10.2	11.2
$20,000 to $29,999	3,035	1,520	1,520	9.0	8.6	9.4
$30,000 to $39,999	3,520	1,600	1,920	10.4	9.1	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	3,070	1,390	1,675	9.1	7.9	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	2,700	1,235	1,470	8.0	7.0	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,285	1,180	1,105	6.8	6.7	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,815	935	875	5.4	5.3	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,365	785	580	4.0	4.4	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,230	715	510	3.6	4.1	3.1
$100,000 and over	3,385	2,370	1,010	10.0	13.4	6.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,935	1,290	645	5.7	7.3	4.0
$125,000 and over	1,445	1,080	365	4.3	6.1	2.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	50,995	25,645	25,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,645	23,810	23,840	93.4	92.8	94.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,000	35,600	38,400	42,000	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,665	23,810	23,860	93.5	92.8	94.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,400	33,200	35,600	38,400	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	40,715	20,700	20,020	79.8	80.7	79.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,400	32,400	36,000	40,400	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,640	18,015	16,625	67.9	70.2	65.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	37,200	33,600	35,200	37,200	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	41,555	20,460	21,100	81.5	79.8	83.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,720	2,280	8,400	5,720	2,280	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,775	2,450	2,330	9.4	9.6	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,550	6,900	6,000	6,550	6,900	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	50,990	25,645	25,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,665	23,850	23,815	93.5	93.0	93.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,240	51,700	40,800	46,240	51,700	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,685	23,850	23,835	93.5	93.0	94.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,920	43,560	36,280	39,920	43,560	36,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40,665	20,730	19,930	79.8	80.8	78.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,120	52,050	37,880	45,120	52,050	37,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,540	18,080	16,455	67.7	70.5	64.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,040	49,040	38,520	44,040	49,040	38,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	41,570	20,410	21,155	81.5	79.6	83.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,900	7,540	10,220	8,900	7,540	10,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,675	2,350	2,320	9.2	9.2	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,950	7,710	8,200	7,950	7,710	8,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	50,995	25,645	25,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	16,530	8,895	7,640	32.4	34.7	30.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	60,000	50,000	54,000	60,000	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,450	66,300	53,700	60,450	66,300	53,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,165	4,980	5,185	19.9	19.4	20.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	27,600	23,200	25,200	27,600	23,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,120	43,200	29,360	36,120	43,200	29,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.2	87.6	77.8	83.2	87.6	77.8
Employment income (%)	69.0	71.8	65.2	69.0	71.8	65.2
Government transfers (%)	16.8	12.5	22.2	16.8	12.5	22.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.7	1.5	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	24,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	42,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	17,985	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	24,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,400	...	...	95,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,600	...	...	82,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,360	...	...	50,360	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,480	...	...	43,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	17,975	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,600	...	...	112,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,500	...	...	97,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	24,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	495	...	...	2.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	185	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	430	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	480	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	955	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	925	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	925	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	920	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	885	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	970	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,920	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,835	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,690	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,485	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,375	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,340	...	...	37.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,920	...	...	11.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,045	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,510	...	...	10.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,870	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	24,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	520	...	...	2.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	440	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	495	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,030	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	980	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,030	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,005	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,145	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,065	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,125	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,130	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,825	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,760	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,440	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,640	...	...	30.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,995	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,925	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,720	...	...	11.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,530	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	8,465	4,490	3,975	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	41,600	39,200	40,400	41,600	39,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	37,600	36,400	37,200	37,600	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,575	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,500	...	...	111,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,500	...	...	96,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,400	...	...	111,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,700	...	...	93,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,200	...	...	135,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,100	...	...	117,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,700	...	...	69,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,800	...	...	64,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	8,460	4,510	3,950	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,200	49,720	46,480	48,200	49,720	46,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,760	42,240	41,160	41,760	42,240	41,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	65,040	32,865	32,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,620	8,585	8,035	25.6	26.1	25.0
0 to 5 years	5,270	2,660	2,615	8.1	8.1	8.1
18 to 64 years	38,010	19,135	18,875	58.4	58.2	58.7
65 years and over	10,410	5,140	5,270	16.0	15.6	16.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,820	6,440	6,385	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,790	2,460	2,330	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,670	865	805	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,600	3,385	3,215	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,430	595	835	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	19.7	19.6	19.8	19.7	19.6	19.8
0 to 17 years (%)	28.8	28.6	29.0	28.8	28.6	29.0
0 to 5 years (%)	31.7	32.6	30.8	31.7	32.6	30.8
18 to 64 years (%)	17.4	17.7	17.0	17.4	17.7	17.0
65 years and over (%)	13.7	11.6	15.9	13.7	11.6	15.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	43,090	21,545	21,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,995	4,120	3,880	18.6	19.1	18.0
0 to 5 years	2,450	1,225	1,225	5.7	5.7	5.7
18 to 64 years	25,920	12,880	13,040	60.2	59.8	60.5
65 years and over	9,180	4,550	4,630	21.3	21.1	21.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,155	615	545	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	195	105	95	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	65	35	30	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	880	475	405	...	...	...
65 years and over	85	35	45	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.7	2.8	2.5	2.7	2.8	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.7	3.0	2.6	2.7	3.0	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.7	3.1	3.4	3.7	3.1
65 years and over (%)	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.9	0.8	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	65,040	32,865	32,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	36,430	18,305	18,125	56.0	55.7	56.3
In bottom decile	11,515	5,855	5,660	17.7	17.8	17.6
In second decile	7,330	3,610	3,720	11.3	11.0	11.6
In third decile	6,125	3,060	3,065	9.4	9.3	9.5
In fourth decile	5,985	2,985	2,995	9.2	9.1	9.3
In fifth decile	5,480	2,790	2,695	8.4	8.5	8.4
In top half of the distribution	28,610	14,555	14,055	44.0	44.3	43.7
In sixth decile	5,550	2,800	2,750	8.5	8.5	8.5
In seventh decile	5,780	2,890	2,890	8.9	8.8	9.0
In eighth decile	5,925	3,000	2,925	9.1	9.1	9.1
In ninth decile	6,265	3,220	3,040	9.6	9.8	9.4
In top decile	5,085	2,645	2,445	7.8	8.0	7.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	65,040	...	...	65,040	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.365	...	...	0.365	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.490	...	...	0.490	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.327	...	...	0.327	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	65,460	33,125	32,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	62,175	31,675	30,500	95.0	95.6	94.3
French only	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	3,040	1,355	1,680	4.6	4.1	5.2
Neither English nor French	215	70	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	65,460	33,125	32,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	64,400	32,610	31,795	98.4	98.4	98.3
French	840	435	405	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and French	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Neither English nor French	185	70	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	65,460	33,125	32,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	63,380	32,085	31,295	96.8	96.9	96.8
Official languages	54,060	27,570	26,490	82.6	83.2	81.9
English	53,105	27,075	26,030	81.1	81.7	80.5
French	960	495	465	1.5	1.5	1.4
Non-official languages	9,320	4,515	4,805	14.2	13.6	14.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	7,590	3,695	3,900	11.6	11.2	12.1
Algonquian languages	7,585	3,685	3,895	11.6	11.1	12.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	980	525	455	1.5	1.6	1.4
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	980	525	455	1.5	1.6	1.4
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	875	470	405	1.3	1.4	1.3
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	6,600	3,160	3,440	10.1	9.5	10.6
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	3,785	1,845	1,940	5.8	5.6	6.0
Ojibway languages	2,815	1,315	1,500	4.3	4.0	4.6
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	2,770	1,295	1,480	4.2	3.9	4.6
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,730	820	910	2.6	2.5	2.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	280	100	175	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	205	70	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,170	560	610	1.8	1.7	1.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	230	105	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	220	100	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	455	205	255	0.7	0.6	0.8
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	335	150	185	0.5	0.5	0.6
German	285	130	155	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	195	115	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	195	110	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	265	125	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,085	1,040	1,040	3.2	3.1	3.2
English and French	175	75	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,850	935	915	2.8	2.8	2.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	65,460	33,125	32,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	55,790	28,430	27,365	85.2	85.8	84.6
French	170	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Non-official language	1,750	870	885	2.7	2.6	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	1,565	780	785	2.4	2.4	2.4
Non-Indigenous	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	385	170	215	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	7,285	3,525	3,755	11.1	10.6	11.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	65,460	33,125	32,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	63,840	32,375	31,470	97.5	97.7	97.3
Official languages	59,900	30,350	29,545	91.5	91.6	91.4
English	59,670	30,235	29,435	91.2	91.3	91.0
French	225	115	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	3,940	2,020	1,925	6.0	6.1	6.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	3,510	1,810	1,700	5.4	5.5	5.3
Algonquian languages	3,510	1,810	1,700	5.4	5.5	5.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	545	310	230	0.8	0.9	0.7
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	545	310	230	0.8	0.9	0.7
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	500	285	215	0.8	0.9	0.7
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,970	1,500	1,465	4.5	4.5	4.5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	1,855	940	910	2.8	2.8	2.8
Ojibway languages	1,120	565	560	1.7	1.7	1.7
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	1,110	560	550	1.7	1.7	1.7
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	425	210	220	0.6	0.6	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	125	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	200	105	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,625	750	870	2.5	2.3	2.7
English and French	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,575	730	845	2.4	2.2	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	65,465	33,125	32,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	59,285	30,110	29,175	90.6	90.9	90.2
English	2,140	1,125	1,015	3.3	3.4	3.1
French	310	135	170	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	3,565	1,665	1,895	5.4	5.0	5.9
Indigenous³⁹	2,985	1,390	1,600	4.6	4.2	4.9
Non-Indigenous	575	280	300	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and French	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	65,040	32,860	32,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	64,835	32,800	32,035	99.7	99.8	99.5
English	64,820	32,790	32,030	99.7	99.8	99.5
French	3,040	1,475	1,565	4.7	4.5	4.9
Non-official languages	14,125	6,860	7,265	21.7	20.9	22.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	11,720	5,730	5,990	18.0	17.4	18.6
Algonquian languages	11,710	5,720	5,990	18.0	17.4	18.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,820	970	850	2.8	3.0	2.6
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	1,820	970	850	2.8	3.0	2.6
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	185	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	1,620	870	745	2.5	2.6	2.3
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10,080	4,850	5,230	15.5	14.8	16.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	5,500	2,660	2,840	8.5	8.1	8.8
Ojibway languages	4,845	2,310	2,535	7.4	7.0	7.9
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	115	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	4,730	2,260	2,465	7.3	6.9	7.7
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,435	1,145	1,290	3.7	3.5	4.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	400	165	235	0.6	0.5	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	375	160	210	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	115	75	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,635	785	855	2.5	2.4	2.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	270	90	180	0.4	0.3	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	270	90	180	0.4	0.3	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	135	40	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	530	270	260	0.8	0.8	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	410	195	210	0.6	0.6	0.7
German	370	175	195	0.6	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	300	165	135	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	295	155	135	0.5	0.5	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	75	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	560	270	295	0.9	0.8	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	175	90	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	275	135	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Chinese languages	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	65,035	32,865	32,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	32,355	16,300	16,060	49.8	49.6	49.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	31,915	16,120	15,795	49.1	49.0	49.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	27,815	14,040	13,770	42.8	42.7	42.8
Métis	4,070	2,060	2,010	6.3	6.3	6.2
Inuk (Inuit)	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	155	50	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	280	125	160	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-Indigenous identity	32,680	16,565	16,115	50.2	50.4	50.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	65,035	32,865	32,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	27,040	13,610	13,430	41.6	41.4	41.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	38,000	19,255	18,745	58.4	58.6	58.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	24,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	14,835	...	...	59.8	...	...
Renter	4,840	...	...	19.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	5,140	...	...	20.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	24,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	575	...	...	2.3	...	...
Not condominium	24,240	...	...	97.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	24,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	90	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	2,510	...	...	10.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,290	...	...	25.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,905	...	...	39.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,015	...	...	24.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	24,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,210	...	...	25.0	...	...
5 rooms	5,155	...	...	20.8	...	...
6 rooms	4,350	...	...	17.5	...	...
7 rooms	3,500	...	...	14.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,605	...	...	22.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	24,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	23,540	...	...	94.8	...	...
More than one person per room	1,280	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	24,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	22,540	...	...	90.8	...	...
Not suitable	2,285	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	24,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,300	...	...	21.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,200	...	...	29.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,770	...	...	15.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,790	...	...	15.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,290	...	...	5.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,170	...	...	4.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,055	...	...	4.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,245	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	24,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	20,535	...	...	82.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,290	...	...	17.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	24,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	13,695	...	...	55.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	10,150	...	...	40.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	970	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	24,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	790	...	...	3.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,525	...	...	14.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,100	...	...	16.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,115	...	...	16.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,440	...	...	21.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,100	...	...	16.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,065	...	...	8.3	...	...
85 years and over	690	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	18,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	16,490	...	...	87.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,455	...	...	13.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,315	...	...	12.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	24,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,845	...	...	31.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,155	...	...	8.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,345	...	...	5.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,180	...	...	12.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	230	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	865	...	...	3.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	16,970	...	...	68.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	18,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,465	...	...	7.8	...	...
Not in core need	17,335	...	...	92.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,330	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.3	...	...	52.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.8	...	...	7.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.7	...	...	4.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,137	...	...	1,137	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	260,000	...	...	260,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	303,600	...	...	303,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,665	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.8	...	...	22.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.7	...	...	28.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.4	...	...	17.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	991	...	...	991	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,140	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	242	...	...	242	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	298	...	...	298	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	65,040	32,860	32,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	26,000	13,145	12,850	40.0	40.0	39.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	25,930	13,115	12,820	39.9	39.9	39.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	25,050	12,690	12,360	38.5	38.6	38.4
Métis single ancestry	860	410	450	1.3	1.2	1.4
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,615	3,300	3,310	10.2	10.0	10.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,400	3,175	3,225	9.8	9.7	10.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,870	1,915	1,950	6.0	5.8	6.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,495	1,245	1,250	3.8	3.8	3.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	215	125	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	210	120	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	32,430	16,420	16,015	49.9	50.0	49.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	65,040	32,860	32,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	63,955	32,320	31,630	98.3	98.4	98.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,420	8,470	7,950	25.2	25.8	24.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	47,535	23,850	23,680	73.1	72.6	73.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,085	540	545	1.7	1.6	1.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	65,040	32,860	32,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	62,160	31,465	30,700	95.6	95.8	95.4
Immigrants⁸¹	2,490	1,185	1,305	3.8	3.6	4.1
Before 1980	1,170	565	605	1.8	1.7	1.9
1980 to 1990	260	110	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
1991 to 2000	220	80	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
2001 to 2010	325	190	135	0.5	0.6	0.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	510	240	275	0.8	0.7	0.9
2011 to 2015	225	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
2016 to 2021	285	130	155	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	385	220	170	0.6	0.7	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,485	1,185	1,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	375	205	170	15.1	17.3	13.0
5 to 14 years	540	300	245	21.7	25.3	18.8
15 to 24 years	530	195	335	21.3	16.5	25.7
25 to 44 years	920	415	505	37.0	35.0	38.7
45 years and over	120	65	50	4.8	5.5	3.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,485	1,185	1,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	755	360	390	30.4	30.4	29.9
Brazil	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	20	20	1.6	1.7	1.5
Mexico	30	10	20	1.2	0.8	1.5
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	610	295	315	24.5	24.9	24.1
Other places of birth in Americas	45	30	15	1.8	2.5	1.1
Europe	1,010	495	520	40.6	41.8	39.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	15	10	10	0.6	0.8	0.8
France	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Germany	180	105	75	7.2	8.9	5.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	40	15	20	1.6	1.3	1.5
Italy	95	30	65	3.8	2.5	5.0
Netherlands	65	50	20	2.6	4.2	1.5
Poland	35	10	20	1.4	0.8	1.5
Portugal	40	15	25	1.6	1.3	1.9
Romania	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	0	20	1.0	0.0	1.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	365	170	195	14.7	14.3	14.9
Other places of birth in Europe	125	65	65	5.0	5.5	5.0
Africa	95	55	45	3.8	4.6	3.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	0	10	0.8	0.0	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	55	25	30	2.2	2.1	2.3
Asia	605	270	335	24.3	22.8	25.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	10	25	1.4	0.8	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
Philippines	310	130	185	12.5	11.0	14.2
Viet Nam	15	10	10	0.6	0.8	0.8
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
India	135	80	55	5.4	6.8	4.2
Pakistan	35	20	15	1.4	1.7	1.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	10	20	1.2	0.8	1.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	10	15	1.0	0.8	1.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	285	130	155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	80	40	40	28.1	30.8	25.8
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	55	25	25	19.3	19.2	16.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10	5.3	7.7	6.5
Europe	10	0	10	3.5	0.0	6.5
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	3.5	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	190	85	110	66.7	65.4	71.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	3.5	0.0	6.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	50	30	25	17.5	23.1	16.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	110	50	65	38.6	38.5	41.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	65,040	32,865	32,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,160	1,530	1,630	4.9	4.7	5.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,545	2,685	2,855	8.5	8.2	8.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	56,330	28,645	27,690	86.6	87.2	86.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,320	620	700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	750	365	385	56.8	58.9	55.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	335	195	140	25.4	31.5	20.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	410	170	240	31.1	27.4	34.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	490	195	300	37.1	31.5	42.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	65	45	15	4.9	7.3	2.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	10	0	1.1	1.6	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,320	620	700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	30	30	0	2.3	4.8	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	305	110	195	23.1	17.7	27.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	45	30	15	3.4	4.8	2.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	70	40	25	5.3	6.5	3.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	10	50	4.5	1.6	7.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	815	400	405	61.7	64.5	57.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	65,035	32,865	32,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,600	770	830	2.5	2.3	2.6
South Asian	495	270	225	0.8	0.8	0.7
Chinese	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Black	210	100	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Filipino	475	220	255	0.7	0.7	0.8
Arab	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latin American	65	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Southeast Asian	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	63,435	32,095	31,345	97.5	97.7	97.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	65,040	32,860	32,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,640	2,815	2,830	8.7	8.6	8.8
English	10,465	5,370	5,095	16.1	16.3	15.8
Irish	7,870	3,795	4,070	12.1	11.5	12.6
Scottish	9,225	4,665	4,565	14.2	14.2	14.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,975	3,615	3,360	10.7	11.0	10.4
German	5,975	2,975	3,005	9.2	9.1	9.3
Chinese	220	95	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italian	1,345	655	685	2.1	2.0	2.1
Indian (India)	310	165	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ukrainian	4,495	2,125	2,370	6.9	6.5	7.4
Dutch	1,380	680	695	2.1	2.1	2.2
Polish	2,360	1,055	1,310	3.6	3.2	4.1
Québécois	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,585	780	805	2.4	2.4	2.5
Filipino	440	220	215	0.7	0.7	0.7
French Canadian	555	320	230	0.9	1.0	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	770	400	370	1.2	1.2	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	8,750	4,345	4,405	13.5	13.2	13.7
Métis	3,635	1,815	1,825	5.6	5.5	5.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	625	330	290	1.0	1.0	0.9
Russian	585	280	305	0.9	0.9	0.9
Norwegian	1,435	740	700	2.2	2.3	2.2
Welsh	700	400	300	1.1	1.2	0.9
Portuguese	235	120	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
American	605	320	280	0.9	1.0	0.9
Spanish	120	40	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Swedish	2,515	1,285	1,230	3.9	3.9	3.8
Hungarian	585	255	335	0.9	0.8	1.0
Acadian	105	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaican	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,860	955	900	2.9	2.9	2.8
Korean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	135	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	420	195	220	0.6	0.6	0.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,375	670	705	2.1	2.0	2.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	375	195	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belgian	335	165	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mennonite	275	105	170	0.4	0.3	0.5
Swiss	535	280	255	0.8	0.9	0.8
Finnish	845	385	455	1.3	1.2	1.4
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	100	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	260	125	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	495	255	240	0.8	0.8	0.7
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	225	145	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Syrian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	10,805	5,490	5,315	16.6	16.7	16.5
Newfoundlander	130	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	165	85	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Northern Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	50	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	110	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	340	190	150	0.5	0.6	0.5
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	5,900	2,935	2,960	9.1	8.9	9.2
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	65,035	32,865	32,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	30,705	14,925	15,785	47.2	45.4	49.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,650	1,750	1,900	5.6	5.3	5.9
Anabaptist	340	140	200	0.5	0.4	0.6
Anglican	5,985	2,915	3,065	9.2	8.9	9.5
Baptist	945	445	495	1.5	1.4	1.5
Catholic	11,340	5,735	5,610	17.4	17.5	17.4
Christian Orthodox	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	160	55	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	110	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	1,355	645	710	2.1	2.0	2.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,425	730	695	2.2	2.2	2.2
Presbyterian	250	100	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
Reformed	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Church	3,725	1,695	2,030	5.7	5.2	6.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,125	540	585	1.7	1.6	1.8
Hindu	165	90	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jewish	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Muslim	125	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	3,825	1,920	1,915	5.9	5.8	6.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	385	140	245	0.6	0.4	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	29,650	15,645	14,010	45.6	47.6	43.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	64,180	32,385	31,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	58,140	29,440	28,705	90.6	90.9	90.3
Movers	6,035	2,950	3,090	9.4	9.1	9.7
Non-migrants	4,000	1,975	2,025	6.2	6.1	6.4
Migrants	2,035	970	1,065	3.2	3.0	3.3
Internal migrants	1,940	930	1,015	3.0	2.9	3.2
Intraprovincial migrants	1,365	625	740	2.1	1.9	2.3
Interprovincial migrants	575	300	275	0.9	0.9	0.9
External migrants	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	60,710	30,555	30,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	41,805	21,160	20,645	68.9	69.3	68.5
Movers	18,910	9,395	9,515	31.1	30.7	31.5
Non-migrants	9,345	4,590	4,755	15.4	15.0	15.8
Migrants	9,560	4,805	4,760	15.7	15.7	15.8
Internal migrants	8,940	4,460	4,480	14.7	14.6	14.9
Intraprovincial migrants	6,495	3,245	3,255	10.7	10.6	10.8
Interprovincial migrants	2,445	1,220	1,225	4.0	4.0	4.1
External migrants	620	340	275	1.0	1.1	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,990	25,645	25,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,265	9,345	7,915	33.9	36.4	31.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	33,730	16,295	17,435	66.2	63.5	68.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,445	16,275	16,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,940	5,045	3,895	27.6	31.0	24.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	23,505	11,230	12,275	72.4	69.0	75.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,995	25,645	25,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,750	8,330	7,420	30.9	32.5	29.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,800	7,595	7,205	29.0	29.6	28.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,440	9,715	10,725	40.1	37.9	42.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,110	7,235	6,870	27.7	28.2	27.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,820	2,995	825	7.5	11.7	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,760	1,185	575	3.5	4.6	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,060	1,810	250	4.0	7.1	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,475	3,920	5,555	18.6	15.3	21.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	810	320	490	1.6	1.2	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,330	2,475	3,855	12.4	9.7	15.2
Bachelor's degree	4,740	1,745	2,995	9.3	6.8	11.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	500	185	320	1.0	0.7	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	145	95	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Master's degree	890	420	470	1.7	1.6	1.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,440	16,275	16,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,070	4,475	3,590	24.9	27.5	22.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,395	4,955	4,445	29.0	30.4	27.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,980	6,845	8,130	46.2	42.1	50.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,205	5,070	5,135	31.5	31.2	31.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,550	1,965	585	7.9	12.1	3.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,210	795	420	3.7	4.9	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,335	1,165	170	4.1	7.2	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,105	2,885	4,220	21.9	17.7	26.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	550	220	330	1.7	1.4	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,775	1,780	3,000	14.7	10.9	18.6
Bachelor's degree	3,555	1,260	2,295	11.0	7.7	14.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	340	115	225	1.0	0.7	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	130	85	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
Master's degree	725	305	425	2.2	1.9	2.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,995	25,645	25,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,550	15,930	14,625	59.9	62.1	57.7
Education	2,030	525	1,510	4.0	2.0	6.0
13. Education	2,030	525	1,510	4.0	2.0	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	315	130	185	0.6	0.5	0.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	270	105	165	0.5	0.4	0.7
Humanities	770	295	475	1.5	1.2	1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	180	85	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	215	60	150	0.4	0.2	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
54. History	95	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,970	515	1,450	3.9	2.0	5.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	695	60	640	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	230	60	170	0.5	0.2	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	310	55	260	0.6	0.2	1.0
45. Social sciences	525	265	260	1.0	1.0	1.0
Business, management and public administration	3,610	1,005	2,610	7.1	3.9	10.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	935	160	775	1.8	0.6	3.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,665	840	1,830	5.2	3.3	7.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	515	300	220	1.0	1.2	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	225	105	120	0.4	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	85	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	95	90	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	380	200	175	0.7	0.8	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	255	155	100	0.5	0.6	0.4
25. Library science	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,570	4,330	235	9.0	16.9	0.9
04. Architecture and related services	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	290	265	25	0.6	1.0	0.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,115	1,030	85	2.2	4.0	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,210	1,160	50	2.4	4.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,450	1,430	25	2.8	5.6	0.1
48. Precision production	445	415	30	0.9	1.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	905	605	305	1.8	2.4	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	210	80	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	695	525	165	1.4	2.0	0.7
Health and related fields	3,405	605	2,805	6.7	2.4	11.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	220	105	115	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,125	455	2,670	6.1	1.8	10.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	45	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,965	1,205	760	3.9	4.7	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	680	170	515	1.3	0.7	2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	600	425	170	1.2	1.7	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	680	615	70	1.3	2.4	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	32,445	16,275	16,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,460	9,425	8,035	53.8	57.9	49.7
Education	1,435	345	1,090	4.4	2.1	6.7
13. Education	1,435	345	1,090	4.4	2.1	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	245	100	150	0.8	0.6	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	225	85	140	0.7	0.5	0.9
Humanities	520	195	325	1.6	1.2	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	10	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	115	45	75	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	165	55	110	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	70	45	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,570	390	1,180	4.8	2.4	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	90	40	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	600	50	545	1.8	0.3	3.4
22. Legal professions and studies	175	30	145	0.5	0.2	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	230	40	185	0.7	0.2	1.1
45. Social sciences	410	200	210	1.3	1.2	1.3
Business, management and public administration	2,740	750	1,990	8.4	4.6	12.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	780	135	645	2.4	0.8	4.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,955	615	1,340	6.0	3.8	8.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	340	175	165	1.0	1.1	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	155	65	90	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	55	50	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	280	165	120	0.9	1.0	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	195	140	65	0.6	0.9	0.4
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,100	2,880	220	9.6	17.7	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	210	185	15	0.6	1.1	0.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	805	730	80	2.5	4.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	805	765	40	2.5	4.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	945	925	30	2.9	5.7	0.2
48. Precision production	285	255	30	0.9	1.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	665	400	265	2.0	2.5	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	185	75	110	0.6	0.5	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	480	325	155	1.5	2.0	1.0
Health and related fields	2,590	505	2,090	8.0	3.1	12.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	190	95	100	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,340	365	1,980	7.2	2.2	12.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,490	945	545	4.6	5.8	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	475	125	350	1.5	0.8	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	520	380	140	1.6	2.3	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	495	440	55	1.5	2.7	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	32,445	16,275	16,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,460	9,425	8,035	53.8	57.9	49.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	14,980	6,850	8,135	46.2	42.1	50.3
Location of study inside Canada	14,050	6,380	7,670	43.3	39.2	47.4
Same as province or territory of residence	10,795	5,015	5,770	33.3	30.8	35.7
Different than province or territory of residence	3,255	1,365	1,900	10.0	8.4	11.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	930	465	465	2.9	2.9	2.9
Americas	345	175	175	1.1	1.1	1.1
United States of America	325	175	155	1.0	1.1	1.0
Mexico	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	110	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Africa	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	400	195	205	1.2	1.2	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	225	95	130	0.7	0.6	0.8
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	105	65	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Pakistan	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	45	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australia	45	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	50,995	25,645	25,350	...	...	...
In the labour force	29,245	15,300	13,950	...	...	...
Employed	26,715	13,850	12,865	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,530	1,450	1,080	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	21,750	10,345	11,405	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.3	59.7	55.0	57.3	59.7	55.0
Employment rate	52.4	54.0	50.7	52.4	54.0	50.7
Unemployment rate	8.7	9.5	7.7	8.7	9.5	7.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	50,995	25,645	25,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	21,745	10,410	11,330	42.6	40.6	44.7
Worked	29,250	15,235	14,015	57.4	59.4	55.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	17,590	9,500	8,090	34.5	37.0	31.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	11,660	5,735	5,925	22.9	22.4	23.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.4	42.4	42.4	42.4	42.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	29,245	15,300	13,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	695	430	265	2.4	2.8	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	28,550	14,875	13,680	97.6	97.2	98.1
Employee	26,050	13,345	12,705	89.1	87.2	91.1
Permanent position	21,040	10,815	10,230	71.9	70.7	73.4
Temporary position	5,010	2,530	2,480	17.1	16.5	17.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,510	705	810	5.2	4.6	5.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,500	1,830	1,670	12.0	12.0	12.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,500	1,530	975	8.5	10.0	7.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	29,245	15,300	13,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	695	430	265	2.4	2.8	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	28,550	14,875	13,680	97.6	97.2	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	435	315	125	1.5	2.1	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,890	875	3,015	13.3	5.7	21.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	995	770	220	3.4	5.0	1.6
3 Health occupations	2,275	465	1,810	7.8	3.0	13.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,945	1,870	4,075	20.3	12.2	29.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	365	145	220	1.2	0.9	1.6
6 Sales and service occupations	6,610	3,055	3,550	22.6	20.0	25.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,025	5,570	455	20.6	36.4	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,140	1,025	115	3.9	6.7	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	870	770	95	3.0	5.0	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	29,245	15,300	13,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	695	430	265	2.4	2.8	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	28,550	14,875	13,680	97.6	97.2	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	725	540	185	2.5	3.5	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	975	815	160	3.3	5.3	1.1
22 Utilities	405	380	25	1.4	2.5	0.2
23 Construction	2,350	2,100	250	8.0	13.7	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	990	805	180	3.4	5.3	1.3
41 Wholesale trade	275	230	50	0.9	1.5	0.4
44-45 Retail trade	3,190	1,670	1,520	10.9	10.9	10.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,485	1,170	320	5.1	7.6	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	210	135	75	0.7	0.9	0.5
52 Finance and insurance	425	110	325	1.5	0.7	2.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	345	220	125	1.2	1.4	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	765	365	405	2.6	2.4	2.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	795	470	325	2.7	3.1	2.3
61 Educational services	3,045	915	2,125	10.4	6.0	15.2
62 Health care and social assistance	6,100	1,505	4,590	20.9	9.8	32.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	290	190	105	1.0	1.2	0.8
72 Accommodation and food services	1,500	685	820	5.1	4.5	5.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	975	520	455	3.3	3.4	3.3
91 Public administration	3,690	2,045	1,640	12.6	13.4	11.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	31,650	16,485	15,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	28,845	15,220	13,625	91.1	92.3	89.9
French	105	15	95	0.3	0.1	0.6
Non-official language	240	130	110	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	235	130	105	0.7	0.8	0.7
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	215	65	150	0.7	0.4	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	2,220	1,055	1,165	7.0	6.4	7.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	31,650	16,485	15,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	31,170	16,260	14,905	98.5	98.6	98.3
Official languages	30,310	15,795	14,515	95.8	95.8	95.7
English	30,150	15,765	14,385	95.3	95.6	94.9
French	160	35	130	0.5	0.2	0.9
Non-official languages	855	470	390	2.7	2.9	2.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	845	465	385	2.7	2.8	2.5
Algonquian languages	845	465	385	2.7	2.8	2.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	65	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	65	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	65	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	785	420	365	2.5	2.5	2.4
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	450	245	205	1.4	1.5	1.4
Ojibway languages	330	175	155	1.0	1.1	1.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	330	175	155	1.0	1.1	1.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	480	225	260	1.5	1.4	1.7
English and French	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	445	210	235	1.4	1.3	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	31,650	16,485	15,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	29,675	15,590	14,085	93.8	94.6	92.9
English	660	355	310	2.1	2.2	2.0
French	135	30	105	0.4	0.2	0.7
Non-official language	1,140	500	635	3.6	3.0	4.2
Indigenous³⁹	1,120	500	620	3.5	3.0	4.1
Non-Indigenous	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	26,715	13,850	12,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,835	1,085	1,750	10.6	7.8	13.6
Worked outside Canada	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	3,720	2,920	800	13.9	21.1	6.2
Usual place of work	20,140	9,830	10,310	75.4	71.0	80.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	20,140	9,830	10,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	15,760	7,595	8,165	78.3	77.3	79.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,890	1,930	1,960	19.3	19.6	19.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	295	210	80	1.5	2.1	0.8
Commute to a different province or territory	195	85	105	1.0	0.9	1.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	23,860	12,750	11,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	20,670	11,170	9,500	86.6	87.6	85.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	18,650	10,220	8,430	78.2	80.2	75.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,020	950	1,070	8.5	7.5	9.6
Public transit	65	30	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Walked	2,430	1,130	1,295	10.2	8.9	11.7
Bicycle	130	105	30	0.5	0.8	0.3
Other method	565	310	250	2.4	2.4	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	23,860	12,750	11,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,305	8,340	7,965	68.3	65.4	71.7
15 to 29 minutes	5,115	2,810	2,305	21.4	22.0	20.7
30 to 44 minutes	1,175	690	475	4.9	5.4	4.3
45 to 59 minutes	280	160	120	1.2	1.3	1.1
60 minutes and over	985	750	235	4.1	5.9	2.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	23,860	12,750	11,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,615	1,215	400	6.8	9.5	3.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,895	1,975	925	12.1	15.5	8.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,485	2,980	2,500	23.0	23.4	22.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,365	2,980	4,385	30.9	23.4	39.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,620	1,715	1,905	15.2	13.5	17.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,880	1,880	995	12.1	14.7	9.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,925	8,750	8,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	930	485	450	5.5	5.5	5.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,990	8,265	7,730	94.5	94.5	94.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,260	6,390	5,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	700	365	335	5.7	5.7	5.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	390	195	200	3.2	3.1	3.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	310	170	140	2.5	2.7	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,560	6,030	5,530	94.3	94.4	94.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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