Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Division No. 18, Census division (CDR)More information: Saskatchewan [Census division]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	35,986	...	...
Population, 2016¹	37,064	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 2.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	12,843	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	10,475	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	262,280.94	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	35,990	17,840	18,150
0 to 14 years	10,790	5,400	5,390
0 to 4 years	3,495	1,720	1,770
5 to 9 years	3,415	1,680	1,735
10 to 14 years	3,885	2,000	1,885
15 to 64 years	22,145	10,870	11,280
15 to 19 years	3,170	1,615	1,555
20 to 24 years	2,615	1,390	1,230
25 to 29 years	2,555	1,275	1,275
30 to 34 years	2,605	1,225	1,380
35 to 39 years	2,070	960	1,115
40 to 44 years	1,885	880	1,005
45 to 49 years	1,825	865	960
50 to 54 years	1,940	970	970
55 to 59 years	1,850	880	975
60 to 64 years	1,625	810	810
65 years and over	3,050	1,570	1,480
65 to 69 years	1,220	640	580
70 to 74 years	840	450	385
75 to 79 years	500	245	255
80 to 84 years	295	140	155
85 years and over	200	90	105
85 to 89 years	135	60	75
90 to 94 years	60	30	25
95 to 99 years	10	0	5
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	30.0	30.3	29.7
15 to 64 years	61.5	60.9	62.1
65 years and over	8.5	8.8	8.2
85 years and over	0.6	0.5	0.6
Average age of the population	31.4	31.2	31.5
Median age of the population	27.6	27.0	28.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	10,475	...	...
Single-detached house	8,230	...	...
Semi-detached house	925	...	...
Row house	390	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	40	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	370	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	15	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	475	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	10,475	...	...
1 person	2,045	...	...
2 persons	2,435	...	...
3 persons	1,660	...	...
4 persons	1,525	...	...
5 or more persons	2,815	...	...
Number of persons in private households	35,825	17,745	18,085
Average household size	3.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	25,200	12,440	12,760
Married or living common-law	10,735	5,370	5,370
Married	6,930	3,475	3,455
Living common-law	3,805	1,890	1,915
Living common law - Never married	3,390	1,675	1,715
Living common law - Separated	100	55	45
Living common law - Divorced	255	130	125
Living common law - Widowed	65	30	35
Not married and not living common-law	14,460	7,065	7,390
Not married and not living common law - Never married	12,135	6,205	5,930
Not married and not living common law - Separated	590	260	330
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	765	360	400
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	965	240	725
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,360	...	...
2 persons	3,805	...	...
3 persons	2,240	...	...
4 persons	1,550	...	...
5 or more persons	1,760	...	...
Average size of census families	3.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.2	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,360	...	...
Total couple families	5,240	...	...
Married couples	3,340	...	...
With children⁶	2,050	...	...
Without children	1,285	...	...
Common-law couples	1,905	...	...
With children⁶	1,320	...	...
Without children	585	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,115	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,045	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,075	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	35,830	17,745	18,085
Total - Persons in census families	30,915	14,990	15,925
Married spouses or common-law partners	10,485	5,225	5,260
Parents in one-parent families	4,120	1,075	3,045
Children⁶	16,310	8,690	7,620
In a two-parent family	8,015	4,305	3,710
In a one-parent family	8,295	4,385	3,910
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,910	2,755	2,160
Living alone	2,045	1,185	855
Living with other relatives⁷	2,030	1,065	970
Living with non-relatives only	840	500	340
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	10,475	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,845	...	...
Couple-family households	3,890	...	...
With children⁶	2,470	...	...
Without children	1,420	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,960	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,335	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	125	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	810	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	315	...	...
One-person households	2,045	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	25,040	12,345	12,695
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,480	10,940	11,545
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	28,000	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,485	10,940	11,545
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	27,200	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,385	7,095	7,290
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,400	27,200	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,665	6,340	6,325
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,400	27,200	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,295	10,290	11,005
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,600	12,400	16,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,525	2,000	1,525
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,250	8,500	6,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,580	5,200	5,375
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000	11,500	11,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	25,040	12,340	12,700
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,525	10,940	11,585
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,320	39,640	40,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,535	10,950	11,585
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,840	35,280	38,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,360	7,075	7,280
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	42,600	38,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,665	6,315	6,345
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,720	42,200	39,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,330	10,240	11,095
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	15,420	12,940	17,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,465	2,015	1,450
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,020	9,880	7,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,535	5,135	5,400
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,970	10,940	10,990
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	25,040	12,340	12,695
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,430	2,580	2,850
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,200	57,600	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,500	64,800	60,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,045	2,100	1,940
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	19,000	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,320	31,840	24,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	63.8	69.4	58.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.8	61.5	52.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	36.2	30.6	41.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.4	4.6	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	14.1	13.8	14.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	12.7	13.0	12.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	25,040	12,340	12,700
Without total income	2,560	1,405	1,155
With total income	22,480	10,935	11,540
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,430	1,920	1,510
$10,000 to $19,999	3,310	1,775	1,540
$20,000 to $29,999	4,295	2,080	2,220
$30,000 to $39,999	2,885	1,320	1,565
$40,000 to $49,999	2,280	1,000	1,285
$50,000 to $59,999	1,615	570	1,045
$60,000 to $69,999	1,100	450	650
$70,000 to $79,999	835	370	460
$80,000 to $89,999	600	285	320
$90,000 to $99,999	620	280	340
$100,000 and over	1,495	885	610
$100,000 to $149,999	1,155	650	505
$150,000 and over	340	235	105
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	25,040	12,340	12,700
Without after-tax income	2,555	1,400	1,155
With after-tax income	22,480	10,940	11,540
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,460	1,940	1,520
$10,000 to $19,999	3,375	1,810	1,570
$20,000 to $29,999	4,505	2,185	2,320
$30,000 to $39,999	3,105	1,465	1,645
$40,000 to $49,999	2,330	975	1,360
$50,000 to $59,999	1,675	640	1,030
$60,000 to $69,999	1,185	530	660
$70,000 to $79,999	915	400	520
$80,000 to $89,999	670	330	340
$90,000 to $99,999	435	210	225
$100,000 and over	820	465	355
$100,000 to $124,999	530	290	235
$125,000 and over	290	175	115
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	25,040	12,340	12,700
Without employment income	12,375	6,000	6,370
With employment income	12,665	6,340	6,325
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,240	1,060	1,180
$5,000 to $9,999	1,280	675	610
$10,000 to $19,999	1,640	930	710
$20,000 to $29,999	1,400	680	715
$30,000 to $39,999	1,160	505	655
$40,000 to $49,999	965	425	535
$50,000 to $59,999	790	350	440
$60,000 to $69,999	570	255	315
$70,000 to $79,999	545	280	260
$80,000 to $89,999	465	230	235
$90,000 to $99,999	515	235	280
$100,000 and over	1,095	710	390
$100,000 to $124,999	580	340	240
$125,000 and over	515	370	145
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	25,040	12,345	12,695
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,915	10,670	11,245
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	23,200	21,400	25,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,920	10,670	11,250
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	22,800	21,200	24,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,020	6,965	7,055
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,600	29,000	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,665	6,340	6,320
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,800	27,800	27,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,495	9,920	10,575
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,450	2,200	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,510	1,975	1,535
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,300	9,800	6,750
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	25,040	12,340	12,700
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,005	10,685	11,320
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	35,120	33,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,010	10,685	11,325
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,920	30,480	31,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,165	6,985	7,175
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,440	43,640	35,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,750	6,360	6,395
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,160	42,320	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,535	9,900	10,635
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,640	7,110	12,010
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,520	1,970	1,550
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,190	10,160	7,960
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	25,040	12,340	12,695
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,320	2,525	2,795
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000	54,800	46,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,250	62,300	52,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,715	1,940	1,775
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	23,200	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,240	36,480	27,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	73.8	81.2	66.6
Employment income (%)	66.0	71.8	60.3
Government transfers (%)	26.2	18.8	33.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.3	5.3	3.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	10,475	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,045	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	8,430	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	10,475	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,050	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	8,425	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	10,475	...	...
Under $5,000	205	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	100	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	155	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	265	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	470	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	465	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	415	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	470	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	455	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	465	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	860	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	755	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	695	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	640	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	600	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,460	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,165	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	795	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	915	...	...
$200,000 and over	590	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	10,475	...	...
Under $5,000	210	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	105	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	155	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	270	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	485	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	480	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	435	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	520	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	460	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	495	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	900	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	830	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	790	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	735	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	600	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,010	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,185	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	795	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,030	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	8,295	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,435	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,500	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	5.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,015	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,880	1,690	1,190
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	31,600	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	30,000	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	8,280	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,445	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,490	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,005	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,950	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,880	1,665	1,220
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,920	42,040	46,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,040	37,320	41,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	35,825	17,740	18,085
0 to 17 years	12,800	6,440	6,365
0 to 5 years	4,150	2,035	2,115
18 to 64 years	20,055	9,780	10,275
65 years and over	2,970	1,525	1,450
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,895	4,695	5,200
0 to 17 years	4,575	2,220	2,360
0 to 5 years	1,600	765	835
18 to 64 years	4,710	2,185	2,520
65 years and over	610	285	320
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	27.6	26.5	28.8
0 to 17 years (%)	35.8	34.5	37.0
0 to 5 years (%)	38.6	37.5	39.5
18 to 64 years (%)	23.5	22.4	24.5
65 years and over (%)	20.5	19.0	22.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	17,205	8,385	8,820
0 to 17 years	5,350	2,665	2,685
0 to 5 years	1,745	830	915
18 to 64 years	9,850	4,695	5,155
65 years and over	2,000	1,025	980
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	640	325	315
0 to 17 years	265	130	135
0 to 5 years	85	40	50
18 to 64 years	350	190	160
65 years and over	25	10	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	3.9	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	5.0	4.8	5.1
0 to 5 years (%)	4.9	4.4	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	4.0	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.0	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	35,825	17,745	18,085
In bottom half of the distribution	25,310	12,405	12,905
In bottom decile	8,705	4,195	4,510
In second decile	5,465	2,660	2,805
In third decile	4,595	2,270	2,325
In fourth decile	3,350	1,685	1,665
In fifth decile	3,190	1,590	1,600
In top half of the distribution	10,515	5,335	5,175
In sixth decile	2,685	1,335	1,350
In seventh decile	2,280	1,135	1,145
In eighth decile	2,040	1,050	985
In ninth decile	1,910	995	920
In top decile	1,600	820	775
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	35,830	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.350	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.614	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.321	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	35,895	17,780	18,115
English only	35,220	17,455	17,765
French only	0	0	0
English and French	565	275	285
Neither English nor French	115	55	60
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	35,895	17,780	18,115
English	35,690	17,685	18,005
French	85	40	45
English and French	15	10	5
Neither English nor French	105	45	60
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	35,895	17,780	18,115
Single responses	32,950	16,415	16,535
Official languages	22,185	11,145	11,040
English	22,085	11,095	10,990
French	100	50	50
Non-official languages	10,765	5,265	5,500
Indigenous languages³⁹	10,435	5,085	5,350
Algonquian languages	5,150	2,505	2,645
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5,140	2,505	2,640
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5,140	2,505	2,640
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	20	5	10
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	165	95	75
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	570	255	320
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	810	390	415
Cree, n.o.s.	3,570	1,755	1,815
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	5
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5,135	2,510	2,625
Northern Athabaskan languages	5,135	2,510	2,625
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	5,130	2,510	2,625
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	155	75	80
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	330	180	150
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	95	45	50
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	40	45
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	155	85	65
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	10	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35	10	20
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	5
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	50	25	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	25	15	15
German	25	10	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10
Afrikaans	5	0	0
Dutch	5	5	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	5
Swedish	5	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	40	15
Indo-Aryan languages	55	40	15
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5
Gujarati	5	5	0
Hindi	10	5	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	25	5
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	5	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	25	15	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	5
Chinese languages	10	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,950	1,365	1,575
English and French	65	30	35
English and non-official language(s)	2,830	1,320	1,510
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	35,895	17,780	18,115
English	23,420	11,670	11,745
French	15	10	10
Non-official language	3,030	1,540	1,495
Indigenous³⁹	2,960	1,495	1,470
Non-Indigenous	70	45	25
English and French	110	50	65
English and non-official language(s)	9,260	4,490	4,770
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	35,895	17,780	18,115
Single responses	33,165	16,480	16,680
Official languages	27,075	13,400	13,675
English	27,035	13,385	13,650
French	40	15	25
Non-official languages	6,090	3,080	3,005
Indigenous languages³⁹	5,960	3,005	2,950
Algonquian languages	2,100	1,115	985
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	2,100	1,115	985
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	2,100	1,115	985
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	0	10
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	95	60	40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	200	100	100
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	370	195	170
Cree, n.o.s.	1,420	755	670
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	3,785	1,855	1,935
Northern Athabaskan languages	3,785	1,855	1,935
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	3,785	1,855	1,935
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	75	40	30
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	130	75	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	50	30	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	20	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	30	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	30	5
Indo-Aryan languages	40	30	5
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	20	5
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	15	10	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	5
Chinese languages	5	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,730	1,300	1,430
English and French	25	10	15
English and non-official language(s)	2,690	1,280	1,410
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	35,895	17,780	18,115
None	29,185	14,510	14,680
English	3,030	1,530	1,505
French	70	30	40
Non-official language	3,470	1,645	1,820
Indigenous³⁹	3,380	1,600	1,785
Non-Indigenous	85	45	40
English and French	5	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	95	45	55
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	35,825	17,745	18,085
Official languages	35,730	17,695	18,030
English	35,730	17,695	18,030
French	505	235	270
Non-official languages	15,800	7,770	8,030
Indigenous languages³⁹	15,205	7,445	7,765
Algonquian languages	7,965	3,995	3,970
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	7,960	3,990	3,965
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	7,960	3,990	3,965
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	65	25	45
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	280	170	120
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	1,060	520	540
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	1,465	740	725
Cree, n.o.s.	5,185	2,600	2,585
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	7,055	3,385	3,670
Northern Athabaskan languages	7,055	3,385	3,670
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	7,055	3,385	3,670
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	475	220	255
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	10	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	620	340	280
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	15	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	15	0
Amharic	10	10	0
Arabic	10	0	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	160	85	80
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	145	75	75
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	265	150	125
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	30	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	65	30	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	10	0
Russian	10	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	40	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	85	40	45
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	55	30	25
German	55	25	25
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10
Afrikaans	10	10	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	60	30
Indo-Aryan languages	95	60	30
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	20	0
Hindi	45	30	20
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	25	15
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	10	15	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	15	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	85	50	35
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	0
American Sign Language	10	10	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15
Chinese languages	20	10	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	35,825	17,745	18,085
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	30,890	15,115	15,775
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	30,530	14,920	15,610
First Nations (North American Indian)	25,115	12,340	12,770
Métis	5,410	2,575	2,835
Inuk (Inuit)	0	10	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	165	80	80
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	200	115	90
Non-Indigenous identity	4,935	2,630	2,305
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	35,825	17,745	18,085
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	24,750	12,145	12,605
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	11,080	5,600	5,485
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	10,475	...	...
Owner	3,805	...	...
Renter	2,660	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	4,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	10,475	...	...
Condominium	325	...	...
Not condominium	10,145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	10,475	...	...
No bedrooms	110	...	...
1 bedroom	675	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,430	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,595	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,665	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	10,475	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,655	...	...
5 rooms	2,680	...	...
6 rooms	2,125	...	...
7 rooms	1,470	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,540	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	10,475	...	...
One person or fewer per room	9,225	...	...
More than one person per room	1,245	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	10,475	...	...
Suitable	8,115	...	...
Not suitable	2,360	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	10,475	...	...
1960 or before	580	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,730	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,120	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,035	...	...
2001 to 2005	755	...	...
2006 to 2010	790	...	...
2011 to 2015	665	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	800	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	10,475	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,735	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,735	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	10,475	...	...
One-maintainer household	6,765	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,215	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	495	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	10,475	...	...
15 to 24 years	475	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,880	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,970	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,115	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,050	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,320	...	...
75 to 84 years	545	...	...
85 years and over	115	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	5,935	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,280	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	655	...	...
30% to less than 100%	585	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	10,475	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,740	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	510	...	...
Not suitable only	1,455	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,770	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	855	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,740	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	5,865	...	...
In core need	1,125	...	...
Not in core need	4,735	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,500	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	44.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	785	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,007	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	180,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	220,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,455	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	39.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	835	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,015	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	5.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	302	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	353	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	35,830	17,740	18,085
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	27,935	13,700	14,230
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	27,180	13,345	13,830
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	24,260	11,960	12,305
Métis single ancestry	2,900	1,385	1,515
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	760	360	395
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	760	360	395
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,780	1,330	1,445
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,440	1,155	1,280
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,950	940	1,010
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	475	215	265
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	340	170	170
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	330	165	170
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	5,115	2,710	2,405
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	35,830	17,740	18,085
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	35,485	17,550	17,935
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,710	6,430	6,275
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	22,775	11,120	11,655
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	345	195	150
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	35,830	17,740	18,085
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	35,265	17,440	17,830
Immigrants⁸¹	510	265	240
Before 1980	75	35	35
1980 to 1990	25	10	10
1991 to 2000	30	15	10
2001 to 2010	45	25	20
2011 to 2021⁸²	335	180	155
2011 to 2015	110	55	50
2016 to 2021	225	120	100
Non-permanent residents⁸³	50	35	15
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	505	265	240
Under 5 years	35	15	25
5 to 14 years	115	50	65
15 to 24 years	75	45	25
25 to 44 years	225	120	105
45 years and over	50	30	20
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	505	265	240
Americas	60	25	35
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	40	20	20
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	90	40	45
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	0
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	20	25
Other places of birth in Europe	25	10	10
Africa	45	30	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	10	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10
Asia	305	165	145
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	60	40	15
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	155	75	80
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	40	20	20
Pakistan	15	10	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	15	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	230	125	100
Americas	10	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	20	10	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	190	105	85
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	25	15	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	60	45	15
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	75	35	40
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	35,825	17,745	18,085
First generation¹⁰⁰	595	325	270
Second generation¹⁰¹	790	420	370
Third generation or more¹⁰²	34,440	16,995	17,445
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	435	225	205
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	310	170	140
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	130	75	55
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	180	95	80
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	90	40	50
Refugees¹⁰⁸	30	20	15
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	435	225	205
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	15	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	95	45	55
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	40	25	15
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	275	150	125
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	35,825	17,745	18,085
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	590	330	260
South Asian	160	90	60
Chinese	25	15	10
Black	70	45	25
Filipino	195	105	90
Arab	0	0	0
Latin American	10	10	10
Southeast Asian	45	20	20
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	65	45	20
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	20	0	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	35,240	17,415	17,825
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	35,830	17,740	18,085
Canadian	920	435	485
English	1,825	960	865
Irish	1,150	525	620
Scottish	1,870	960	915
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,640	820	825
German	1,290	625	665
Chinese	30	15	20
Italian	55	35	25
Indian (India)	95	60	35
Ukrainian	890	445	445
Dutch	190	90	105
Polish	360	185	170
Québécois	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	155	85	70
Filipino	245	120	130
French Canadian	80	35	45
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	130	90	45
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	7,810	3,800	4,005
Métis	4,470	2,120	2,350
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	120	55	70
Russian	95	60	40
Norwegian	705	335	370
Welsh	110	60	50
Portuguese	15	10	10
American	110	50	60
Spanish	35	0	30
Swedish	340	155	180
Hungarian	190	95	100
Acadian	25	0	20
Pakistani	15	15	10
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	25	20	10
Jewish	20	10	10
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	8,565	4,250	4,315
Korean	75	45	30
Romanian	40	10	30
Lebanese	15	10	10
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	50	25	25
Danish	105	75	25
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,605	810	790
Sikh	35	20	15
Austrian	60	30	30
Belgian	15	0	10
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	10	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0
Mennonite	40	20	20
Swiss	20	10	10
Finnish	50	30	20
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	15	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	10	10
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	80	30	45
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	20	10	15
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	35	0	25
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	15	15
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	25	15	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	20	20	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	10	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	15	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	10	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	20	0	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10	0	10
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	4,310	2,090	2,210
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	10	10
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	10	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	570	280	290
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	95	40	50
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	70	35	35
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	20	0	15
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	70	20	45
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	3,350	1,625	1,720
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	10	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	35,825	17,745	18,085
Buddhist	15	15	10
Christian	23,550	11,480	12,070
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,035	510	525
Anabaptist	20	10	15
Anglican	5,635	2,850	2,785
Baptist	100	40	60
Catholic	15,095	7,370	7,730
Christian Orthodox	45	30	15
Jehovah's Witness	100	40	65
Latter Day Saints	10	10	10
Lutheran	245	95	150
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	20	0	20
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	285	125	160
Presbyterian	50	25	25
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	460	205	255
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	440	180	265
Hindu	35	20	10
Jewish	0	0	0
Muslim	40	20	20
Sikh	35	20	15
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,235	605	635
Other religions and spiritual traditions	325	145	175
No religion and secular perspectives	10,585	5,440	5,150
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	35,155	17,400	17,750
Non-movers	32,355	16,070	16,285
Movers	2,800	1,330	1,470
Non-migrants	1,870	875	995
Migrants	930	450	475
Internal migrants	920	445	475
Intraprovincial migrants	670	320	350
Interprovincial migrants	245	130	120
External migrants	10	10	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	32,355	16,005	16,350
Non-movers	22,430	11,295	11,135
Movers	9,920	4,705	5,215
Non-migrants	4,725	2,145	2,580
Migrants	5,195	2,565	2,635
Internal migrants	5,015	2,470	2,545
Intraprovincial migrants	4,240	2,075	2,165
Interprovincial migrants	780	395	385
External migrants	180	100	80
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	25,040	12,340	12,695
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,545	7,010	5,535
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,495	5,330	7,160
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,330	7,850	8,485
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,095	3,965	3,125
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,235	3,880	5,355
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	25,040	12,340	12,700
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,795	6,475	5,320
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,490	2,935	3,550
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,755	2,930	3,825
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,740	2,340	2,400
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,795	1,310	485
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	960	620	335
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	840	690	150
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,435	895	1,545
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	510	135	375
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,015	595	1,425
Bachelor's degree	1,510	380	1,130
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	100	35	65
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	10	10
Master's degree	375	165	210
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20	15	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,330	7,850	8,480
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,515	3,560	2,960
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,335	1,985	2,345
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,480	2,310	3,175
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,835	1,890	1,950
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,455	1,080	380
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	775	515	265
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	680	565	120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,970	710	1,265
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	405	100	305
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,650	420	1,230
Bachelor's degree	1,240	265	975
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	85	25	55
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	0
Master's degree	305	115	185
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	10	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	25,035	12,340	12,695
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,285	9,410	8,870
Education	1,135	245	890
13. Education	1,135	245	890
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	55	10	45
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	50	0	45
Humanities	230	105	120
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	20	15
23. English language and literature/letters	15	15	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	100	30	70
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	25	15
54. History	10	10	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	530	90	445
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	20	55
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	0	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	245	10	230
22. Legal professions and studies	40	15	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10
42. Psychology	40	15	25
45. Social sciences	95	30	65
Business, management and public administration	1,160	265	885
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	285	60	225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	870	215	665
Physical and life sciences and technologies	105	40	65
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25	10	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	0	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	20	10	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	15	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	85	30	55
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	65	30	40
25. Library science	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,495	1,350	145
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10
14. Engineering	45	35	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	285	250	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	570	530	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	355	335	25
48. Precision production	225	205	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	145	100	45
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	30	20	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	80	35
Health and related fields	995	210	790
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	65	45	20
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	930	170	760
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	830	485	340
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	285	65	220
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	240	160	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	305	265	40
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,335	7,850	8,485
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,850	5,545	5,305
Education	920	170	750
13. Education	920	170	750
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50	10	45
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	45	0	40
Humanities	190	85	100
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	20	15
23. English language and literature/letters	15	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85	30	55
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	15	20
54. History	10	10	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	450	65	390
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	225	10	215
22. Legal professions and studies	30	10	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10
42. Psychology	35	20	20
45. Social sciences	75	25	60
Business, management and public administration	900	200	700
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	215	35	180
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	685	165	515
Physical and life sciences and technologies	80	30	60
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	30	10	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	10	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	0	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	15	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	75	25	45
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	60	25	35
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,215	1,085	130
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10
14. Engineering	25	20	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	235	205	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	470	435	35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	270	250	20
48. Precision production	200	175	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	100	65	35
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	90	60	30
Health and related fields	825	180	650
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	55	40	20
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	770	135	625
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	675	400	270
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	230	60	170
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	190	120	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	255	220	35
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	16,335	7,850	8,485
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,850	5,545	5,305
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	5,480	2,305	3,175
Location of study inside Canada	5,255	2,210	3,045
Same as province or territory of residence	4,310	1,770	2,540
Different than province or territory of residence	945	440	505
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	225	100	125
Americas	40	0	35
United States of America	35	0	35
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	10	10	0
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	15	10	10
Nigeria	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	150	70	80
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	15
Philippines	85	30	50
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	25	15	10
Pakistan	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	10	10	0
Australia	10	10	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	25,040	12,340	12,700
In the labour force	11,140	5,680	5,460
Employed	9,020	4,460	4,555
Unemployed	2,120	1,220	900
Not in the labour force	13,895	6,660	7,240
Participation rate	44.5	46.0	43.0
Employment rate	36.0	36.1	35.9
Unemployment rate	19.0	21.5	16.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	25,035	12,340	12,695
Did not work¹⁸⁶	14,550	7,085	7,460
Worked	10,485	5,255	5,235
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,785	2,785	3,005
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,705	2,475	2,230
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	38.5	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	11,140	5,680	5,460
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,045	600	450
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	10,090	5,080	5,010
Employee	9,560	4,770	4,785
Permanent position	7,140	3,430	3,715
Temporary position	2,420	1,345	1,080
Fixed term (1 year or more)	675	275	400
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,745	1,070	675
Self-employed¹⁹²	530	305	220
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	11,140	5,680	5,460
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,045	600	450
All occupations¹⁹¹	10,090	5,080	5,010
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	105	65	40
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,055	200	860
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	200	150	50
3 Health occupations	605	105	495
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,645	770	1,875
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	180	80	100
6 Sales and service occupations	2,510	1,245	1,265
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,900	1,725	175
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	625	525	100
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	275	220	55
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	11,140	5,680	5,460
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,045	600	450
All industries¹⁹¹	10,090	5,080	5,010
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	235	175	60
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	725	635	95
22 Utilities	100	90	10
23 Construction	745	650	90
31-33 Manufacturing	105	75	25
41 Wholesale trade	95	70	25
44-45 Retail trade	1,130	535	595
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	350	275	75
51 Information and cultural industries	85	45	35
52 Finance and insurance	75	15	65
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	85	45	40
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	110	50	65
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	425	260	160
61 Educational services	1,905	495	1,405
62 Health care and social assistance	1,560	350	1,210
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	125	80	45
72 Accommodation and food services	480	220	255
81 Other services (except public administration)	170	105	70
91 Public administration	1,600	915	685
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	11,830	5,975	5,855
English	9,475	4,880	4,595
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	150	90	60
Indigenous³⁹	150	90	60
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	65	25	45
English and non-official language(s)	2,130	980	1,155
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	11,830	5,975	5,855
Single responses	11,280	5,740	5,540
Official languages	10,540	5,345	5,190
English	10,520	5,345	5,170
French	25	10	25
Non-official languages	740	390	350
Indigenous languages³⁹	740	390	350
Algonquian languages	370	205	165
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	370	205	165
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	370	205	165
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	10	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	10	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	55	35	15
Cree, n.o.s.	285	145	135
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	355	175	185
Northern Athabaskan languages	355	175	185
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	355	175	185
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	550	235	310
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	545	235	310
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	11,830	5,975	5,855
None	10,175	5,205	4,965
English	615	305	310
French	45	25	20
Non-official language	990	440	555
Indigenous³⁹	985	430	555
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,020	4,460	4,560
Worked at home	460	170	290
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	1,545	1,100	445
Usual place of work	7,015	3,185	3,830
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,015	3,185	3,825
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,055	1,645	2,410
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,820	865	950
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	380	240	140
Commute to a different province or territory	760	435	320
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	8,555	4,285	4,270
Car, truck or van	7,040	3,445	3,595
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,355	3,135	3,220
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	685	310	380
Public transit	55	45	10
Walked	1,005	460	545
Bicycle	25	25	0
Other method	425	310	115
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	8,555	4,285	4,270
Less than 15 minutes	6,335	2,950	3,385
15 to 29 minutes	1,305	690	620
30 to 44 minutes	345	245	95
45 to 59 minutes	95	75	25
60 minutes and over	480	325	145
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	8,555	4,285	4,270
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	320	250	70
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	750	585	165
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,950	960	985
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,360	1,365	1,990
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,315	635	680
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	865	490	370
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	12,995	6,535	6,455
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	210	105	110
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,780	6,430	6,345
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,270	4,730	4,545
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	155	80	70
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	75	35	40
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	80	45	35
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,115	4,645	4,470

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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