Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	East Kootenay, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	65,896	...	...
Population, 2016¹	60,439	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	35,931	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	28,264	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	27,514.10	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	65,895	33,010	32,890
0 to 14 years	10,300	5,275	5,025
0 to 4 years	2,990	1,500	1,495
5 to 9 years	3,560	1,825	1,730
10 to 14 years	3,750	1,950	1,800
15 to 64 years	40,990	20,575	20,415
15 to 19 years	3,210	1,635	1,570
20 to 24 years	2,960	1,580	1,385
25 to 29 years	3,585	1,810	1,775
30 to 34 years	4,280	2,125	2,155
35 to 39 years	4,610	2,325	2,285
40 to 44 years	4,200	2,125	2,075
45 to 49 years	3,965	2,005	1,960
50 to 54 years	4,030	1,990	2,040
55 to 59 years	4,745	2,350	2,390
60 to 64 years	5,405	2,640	2,765
65 years and over	14,605	7,160	7,450
65 to 69 years	4,930	2,520	2,410
70 to 74 years	4,025	2,025	2,000
75 to 79 years	2,570	1,250	1,320
80 to 84 years	1,655	790	865
85 years and over	1,425	575	850
85 to 89 years	910	380	525
90 to 94 years	415	155	260
95 to 99 years	90	35	55
100 years and over	10	0	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.6	16.0	15.3
15 to 64 years	62.2	62.3	62.1
65 years and over	22.2	21.7	22.7
85 years and over	2.2	1.7	2.6
Average age of the population	43.9	43.4	44.4
Median age of the population	44.8	44.0	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	28,265	...	...
Single-detached house	19,565	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,200	...	...
Row house	1,415	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	510	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,235	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	...	...
Other single-attached house	145	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,180	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	28,265	...	...
1 person	8,050	...	...
2 persons	11,545	...	...
3 persons	3,725	...	...
4 persons	3,320	...	...
5 or more persons	1,620	...	...
Number of persons in private households	64,420	32,325	32,095
Average household size	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	55,595	27,735	27,865
Married or living common-law	34,745	17,385	17,360
Married	27,115	13,575	13,535
Living common-law	7,630	3,805	3,825
Living common law - Never married	5,400	2,735	2,665
Living common law - Separated	340	155	180
Living common law - Divorced	1,660	825	840
Living common law - Widowed	230	90	140
Not married and not living common-law	20,855	10,350	10,500
Not married and not living common law - Never married	12,715	7,265	5,450
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,595	730	860
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,475	1,605	1,875
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,065	745	2,320
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	19,465	...	...
2 persons	11,755	...	...
3 persons	3,430	...	...
4 persons	3,115	...	...
5 or more persons	1,175	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	19,465	...	...
Total couple families	17,000	...	...
Married couples	13,185	...	...
With children⁶	5,450	...	...
Without children	7,735	...	...
Common-law couples	3,815	...	...
With children⁶	1,335	...	...
Without children	2,480	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,465	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,770	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	700	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	64,420	32,325	32,095
Total - Persons in census families	52,480	26,230	26,245
Married spouses or common-law partners	34,005	16,980	17,025
Parents in one-parent families	2,465	695	1,765
Children⁶	16,010	8,555	7,460
In a two-parent family	12,315	6,545	5,770
In a one-parent family	3,695	2,010	1,685
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,940	6,090	5,850
Living alone	8,055	4,030	4,020
Living with other relatives⁷	985	455	525
Living with non-relatives only	2,910	1,605	1,305
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	28,265	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	17,680	...	...
Couple-family households	15,700	...	...
With children⁶	6,255	...	...
Without children	9,450	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,975	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	395	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	165	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	860	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,120	...	...
One-person households	8,050	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	54,160	27,060	27,095
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,895	26,510	26,385
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	54,400	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,915	26,520	26,395
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	48,400	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,580	24,880	23,705
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	48,400	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,465	20,355	18,100
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	50,400	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,500	19,835	22,670
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,100	10,900	11,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,335	2,645	2,685
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,575	5,725	6,850
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	54,160	27,060	27,095
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,965	26,570	26,390
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,650	67,700	43,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,985	26,590	26,395
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,000	55,950	38,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,830	25,025	23,805
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,200	62,850	36,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,460	20,400	18,060
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,840	62,500	37,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,510	19,840	22,670
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,680	11,400	11,930
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,320	2,695	2,625
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,750	6,295	7,210
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,345	5,575	6,770
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,420	8,000	8,760
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	54,160	27,060	27,095
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	16,470	9,755	6,715
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	83,000	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,000	87,800	61,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,575	7,745	8,835
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800	28,200	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,160	45,760	25,880
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.2	87.4	76.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.4	71.0	59.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.8	12.6	23.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	3.1	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.5	2.5	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	54,155	27,065	27,095
Without total income	1,265	550	710
With total income	52,895	26,510	26,385
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,110	1,510	2,600
$10,000 to $19,999	5,535	1,950	3,585
$20,000 to $29,999	7,630	3,005	4,625
$30,000 to $39,999	6,975	2,960	4,015
$40,000 to $49,999	6,015	2,705	3,310
$50,000 to $59,999	4,820	2,345	2,470
$60,000 to $69,999	3,625	2,030	1,595
$70,000 to $79,999	2,840	1,725	1,110
$80,000 to $89,999	2,210	1,375	830
$90,000 to $99,999	1,875	1,230	640
$100,000 and over	7,275	5,670	1,600
$100,000 to $149,999	5,310	4,085	1,230
$150,000 and over	1,965	1,590	370
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	54,155	27,065	27,095
Without after-tax income	1,240	545	700
With after-tax income	52,920	26,525	26,395
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,340	1,590	2,750
$10,000 to $19,999	5,775	2,040	3,740
$20,000 to $29,999	8,760	3,480	5,280
$30,000 to $39,999	8,005	3,465	4,540
$40,000 to $49,999	6,650	3,160	3,490
$50,000 to $59,999	5,000	2,710	2,295
$60,000 to $69,999	3,655	2,225	1,435
$70,000 to $79,999	2,785	1,800	985
$80,000 to $89,999	2,610	1,815	800
$90,000 to $99,999	1,920	1,515	410
$100,000 and over	3,405	2,720	680
$100,000 to $124,999	1,890	1,520	375
$125,000 and over	1,515	1,205	310
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	54,155	27,065	27,095
Without employment income	15,695	6,705	8,995
With employment income	38,460	20,360	18,105
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,595	2,760	2,830
$5,000 to $9,999	2,885	1,160	1,730
$10,000 to $19,999	4,370	1,820	2,550
$20,000 to $29,999	3,620	1,480	2,140
$30,000 to $39,999	3,445	1,465	1,975
$40,000 to $49,999	3,155	1,420	1,730
$50,000 to $59,999	2,615	1,200	1,410
$60,000 to $69,999	2,100	1,215	880
$70,000 to $79,999	1,845	1,140	705
$80,000 to $89,999	1,515	955	555
$90,000 to $99,999	1,440	970	475
$100,000 and over	5,885	4,765	1,120
$100,000 to $124,999	3,180	2,450	730
$125,000 and over	2,705	2,315	395
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	54,160	27,060	27,095
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,920	26,030	25,885
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	54,800	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	52,060	26,050	26,015
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	47,600	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,310	24,725	23,590
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	50,400	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	40,005	21,050	18,950
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	50,400	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,975	15,370	19,600
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,600	9,300	7,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,380	2,105	2,270
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	5,520	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	54,160	27,060	27,095
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	52,045	26,110	25,940
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,300	69,400	41,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	52,160	26,115	26,045
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,760	56,200	35,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,655	24,925	23,735
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,300	66,500	37,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40,125	21,185	18,940
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,350	64,500	36,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,125	15,315	19,810
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,540	10,020	9,170
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,400	2,175	2,225
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,830	6,300	7,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	54,160	27,060	27,095
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	16,375	9,715	6,660
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	81,000	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,000	88,700	57,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,870	7,475	8,395
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,000	34,800	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,320	54,400	29,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.4	91.6	83.0
Employment income (%)	71.6	75.4	65.0
Government transfers (%)	11.6	8.5	17.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	28,265	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,050	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	20,215	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	28,260	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,050	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	20,215	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	28,265	...	...
Under $5,000	185	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	105	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	220	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	470	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	990	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	840	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	870	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	995	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,085	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,160	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,050	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,930	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,780	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,720	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,645	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,215	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,635	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,795	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,245	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,550	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	28,265	...	...
Under $5,000	225	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	110	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	235	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	485	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,055	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,000	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,010	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,170	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,285	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,240	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,355	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,165	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,165	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,095	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,930	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,735	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,880	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,435	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,415	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	19,350	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,745	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,845	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,315	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,960	5,635	5,320
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	45,200	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	40,800	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	19,310	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,760	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,890	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,245	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,040	5,685	5,350
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,050	59,150	44,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,720	49,680	39,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	64,420	32,325	32,095
0 to 17 years	12,280	6,290	5,990
0 to 5 years	3,670	1,830	1,840
18 to 64 years	38,325	19,150	19,175
65 years and over	13,820	6,880	6,930
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,140	2,320	2,825
0 to 17 years	955	465	490
0 to 5 years	305	145	160
18 to 64 years	2,610	1,230	1,380
65 years and over	1,580	620	960
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.0	7.2	8.8
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.4	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	8.4	8.0	8.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	6.4	7.2
65 years and over (%)	11.4	9.0	13.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	63,695	31,975	31,720
0 to 17 years	12,135	6,220	5,915
0 to 5 years	3,630	1,805	1,820
18 to 64 years	37,855	18,920	18,930
65 years and over	13,705	6,835	6,875
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,425	725	700
0 to 17 years	260	120	135
0 to 5 years	70	35	35
18 to 64 years	1,010	530	475
65 years and over	155	65	90
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.2	2.3	2.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1	2.0	2.3
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0	2.0	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	2.7	2.8	2.5
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	64,420	32,325	32,095
In bottom half of the distribution	28,810	13,815	14,995
In bottom decile	4,870	2,235	2,635
In second decile	5,520	2,565	2,960
In third decile	5,965	2,870	3,090
In fourth decile	6,165	3,020	3,150
In fifth decile	6,280	3,125	3,155
In top half of the distribution	35,610	18,510	17,100
In sixth decile	6,895	3,515	3,375
In seventh decile	6,895	3,530	3,370
In eighth decile	7,280	3,785	3,495
In ninth decile	7,900	4,145	3,750
In top decile	6,645	3,535	3,105
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	64,420	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.305	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.406	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.267	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	65,120	32,710	32,410
English only	60,975	30,875	30,100
French only	20	5	15
English and French	4,050	1,805	2,245
Neither English nor French	80	30	45
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	65,120	32,710	32,410
English	63,900	32,135	31,760
French	1,090	520	570
English and French	70	30	40
Neither English nor French	65	25	40
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	65,120	32,710	32,410
Single responses	64,310	32,345	31,965
Official languages	60,655	30,645	30,005
English	59,490	30,095	29,395
French	1,170	555	610
Non-official languages	3,660	1,695	1,960
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	15	20
Algonquian languages	10	10	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	10	5	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	15	10	10
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,620	1,680	1,935
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	20	10
Amharic	5	5	0
Arabic	20	15	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	360	125	240
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	5
Fijian	5	5	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	5	5
Indonesian	10	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	315	105	210
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Creole languages	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	30	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	30	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	10	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,675	1,290	1,390
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	450	185	270
Baltic languages	30	10	15
Latvian	15	10	10
Lithuanian	10	5	5
Slavic languages	425	170	250
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0
Czech	70	30	45
Macedonian	5	5	0
Polish	90	30	55
Russian	90	30	60
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	20
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	20	10	15
Serbian	10	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	0
Slovak	30	20	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	15
Ukrainian	70	30	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Germanic languages	1,260	595	665
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	880	405	475
German	805	365	435
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	75	35	40
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	295	150	145
Afrikaans	80	35	50
Dutch	195	100	95
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	5	5	0
Plautdietsch	15	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0
Scandinavian languages	90	45	45
Danish	35	15	20
Icelandic	5	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	5
Swedish	40	20	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	445	265	180
Indo-Aryan languages	435	255	180
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	10	5
Gujarati	40	15	25
Hindi	65	45	20
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0
Nepali	5	5	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	295	175	120
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0
Urdu	15	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	10	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	10	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	500	230	270
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	240	125	125
Portuguese	40	20	25
Romanian	25	10	15
Spanish	190	80	110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	65	15	50
Korean	95	50	35
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	5
American Sign Language	5	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	180	75	105
Chinese languages	160	70	95
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	85	35	50
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	15
Burmese	10	5	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	5	0	5
S'gaw Karen	5	0	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	20
Lao	5	0	0
Thai	20	5	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	85	45	45
Estonian	5	0	5
Finnish	15	10	5
Hungarian	60	30	35
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	805	370	440
English and French	250	115	135
English and non-official language(s)	495	225	275
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	65,120	32,710	32,410
English	61,295	30,930	30,365
French	245	125	120
Non-official language	495	265	235
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	495	260	230
English and French	615	270	345
English and non-official language(s)	2,335	1,070	1,265
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	35	45
Multiple non-official languages	50	25	20
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	65,120	32,710	32,410
Single responses	64,590	32,480	32,110
Official languages	63,485	31,905	31,580
English	63,130	31,740	31,390
French	360	165	190
Non-official languages	1,100	570	525
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	5	5	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,090	570	520
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	150	65	85
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135	60	70
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	10	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	710	385	325
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	40	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	75	40	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	20	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	5	5
Russian	15	10	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	10	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	190	95	90
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	120	60	65
German	105	50	55
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	30	30
Afrikaans	20	5	15
Dutch	40	25	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	290	170	125
Indo-Aryan languages	290	165	125
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	30	15	15
Hindi	30	20	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	210	120	90
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	75	70
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	40	25	20
Portuguese	10	5	5
Romanian	0	0	5
Spanish	90	50	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	5	10
Korean	70	45	25
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	5
American Sign Language	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	35	45
Chinese languages	65	30	35
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	15	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	10
Burmese	10	5	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	5	0	5
S'gaw Karen	5	0	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	530	230	300
English and French	135	55	80
English and non-official language(s)	385	175	210
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	65,120	32,710	32,405
None	62,500	31,510	30,990
English	560	270	285
French	400	185	210
Non-official language	1,390	615	780
Indigenous³⁹	95	45	45
Non-Indigenous	1,300	570	730
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	105	60	45
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	115	55	60
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	64,425	32,325	32,095
Official languages	64,345	32,300	32,045
English	64,315	32,280	32,035
French	3,975	1,645	2,335
Non-official languages	6,145	2,900	3,240
Indigenous languages³⁹	185	80	105
Algonquian languages	30	10	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	25	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	25	10	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	140	65	75
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	15	0	15
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	0	15
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,955	2,820	3,135
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	40	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	40	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	30	25	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	10	15
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0
Vietnamese	40	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	570	230	335
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	15	15
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	530	215	315
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25
Creole languages	45	15	25
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	40	10	25
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	55	40	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	30	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,405	2,105	2,300
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	600	275	325
Baltic languages	10	0	10
Latvian	10	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	10
Slavic languages	595	270	320
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	100	40	65
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	140	70	75
Russian	185	75	110
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	90	50	40
Bosnian	20	20	0
Croatian	25	10	15
Serbian	30	10	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	15	10
Slovak	25	15	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0
Ukrainian	115	50	65
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	40	15	30
Irish	15	0	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	15	0	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,840	840	1,000
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	1,345	610	740
German	1,285	595	690
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	95	35	60
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	415	195	225
Afrikaans	190	80	115
Dutch	225	110	120
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	150	70	75
Danish	40	10	30
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	50	30	20
Swedish	65	30	35
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	20	0
Indo-Iranian languages	675	405	270
Indo-Aryan languages	670	390	270
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	10	0
Gujarati	55	25	30
Hindi	345	210	135
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	35	30	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	500	285	215
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	15	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	10	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	10	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,460	635	825
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	425	185	240
Portuguese	80	30	45
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	1,025	430	595
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	200	100	100
Korean	110	65	45
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	25	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	30	35
American Sign Language	55	20	35
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	335	135	200
Chinese languages	305	125	180
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	215	95	120
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	15	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	10	0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	30	60
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	0	20
Burmese	30	0	20
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	15
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	30	15	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	135	80	55
Estonian	10	0	10
Finnish	55	45	10
Hungarian	75	35	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	64,420	32,325	32,095
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,495	2,680	2,820
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,290	2,575	2,715
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,165	1,030	1,140
Métis	3,050	1,510	1,540
Inuk (Inuit)	75	40	40
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	115	55	60
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	45	45
Non-Indigenous identity	58,925	29,645	29,275
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	64,420	32,325	32,095
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,395	650	745
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	63,025	31,675	31,350
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	28,260	...	...
Owner	22,125	...	...
Renter	6,085	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	28,260	...	...
Condominium	2,950	...	...
Not condominium	25,315	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	28,260	...	...
No bedrooms	115	...	...
1 bedroom	2,355	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,800	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,870	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	28,260	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,200	...	...
5 rooms	4,445	...	...
6 rooms	4,360	...	...
7 rooms	4,025	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,225	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	28,260	...	...
One person or fewer per room	28,060	...	...
More than one person per room	205	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	28,260	...	...
Suitable	27,575	...	...
Not suitable	690	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	28,260	...	...
1960 or before	4,655	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,035	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,305	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,895	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,510	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,135	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,400	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	28,260	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	26,320	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,945	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	28,260	...	...
One-maintainer household	14,080	...	...
Two-maintainer household	13,320	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	860	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	28,260	...	...
15 to 24 years	595	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,555	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,795	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,535	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,865	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,435	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,610	...	...
85 years and over	880	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	27,755	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	24,010	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,750	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,405	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	28,265	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,905	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,385	...	...
Not suitable only	560	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,500	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	330	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...
Acceptable housing	22,360	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	27,410	...	...
In core need	1,860	...	...
Not in core need	25,555	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,795	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,187	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	466,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,000	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,090	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	55	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	364	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	460	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	64,420	32,325	32,100
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,565	785	780
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,505	765	745
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	985	460	525
Métis single ancestry	505	295	215
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	20	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	20	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,440	2,140	2,300
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,320	2,085	2,240
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,365	1,175	1,190
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,895	895	1,005
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	20	40
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	120	60	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	115	60	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	58,415	29,400	29,020
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	64,420	32,325	32,095
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	61,545	30,940	30,605
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,080	6,205	5,875
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	49,465	24,735	24,730
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,880	1,385	1,490
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	64,420	32,325	32,095
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	57,610	29,045	28,565
Immigrants⁸¹	5,940	2,805	3,135
Before 1980	2,290	1,140	1,150
1980 to 1990	570	220	350
1991 to 2000	560	190	365
2001 to 2010	915	465	450
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,610	785	820
2011 to 2015	705	325	375
2016 to 2021	905	460	450
Non-permanent residents⁸³	870	475	395
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,940	2,805	3,135
Under 5 years	650	365	290
5 to 14 years	980	435	545
15 to 24 years	1,095	520	575
25 to 44 years	2,765	1,245	1,520
45 years and over	440	235	205
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,940	2,805	3,135
Americas	1,100	420	685
Brazil	30	0	20
Colombia	10	0	10
El Salvador	15	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	135	55	80
Mexico	45	0	40
Peru	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0
United States of America	790	305	490
Other places of birth in Americas	60	25	35
Europe	3,120	1,565	1,550
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	15
Croatia	30	15	10
France	70	30	40
Germany	530	230	295
Greece	15	10	0
Hungary	15	10	10
Italy	150	85	60
Netherlands	160	90	65
Poland	75	20	55
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	25	15	10
Russian Federation	45	20	20
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	10
Ukraine	70	35	30
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,365	730	635
Other places of birth in Europe	540	255	280
Africa	285	130	150
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	55	30	20
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	165	65	100
Other places of birth in Africa	50	20	25
Asia	995	440	555
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	75	40	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	20	15
Korea, South⁹²	90	50	35
Taiwan	45	15	30
Philippines	410	145	260
Viet Nam	25	0	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	110	60	50
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	15	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	175	70	105
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	440	250	195
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	905	460	450
Americas	220	90	130
Brazil	15	0	15
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	100	50	55
Mexico	20	0	15
United States of America	75	30	45
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	240	130	115
France	25	15	15
Germany	15	0	10
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	85	70
Other places of birth in Europe	35	15	20
Africa	35	20	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	260	135	125
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	55	45	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	175	80	95
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	10
Oceania and other⁹³	150	80	65
Australia	140	80	55
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	64,425	32,325	32,095
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,400	3,595	3,805
Second generation¹⁰¹	10,100	4,935	5,165
Third generation or more¹⁰²	46,920	23,795	23,125
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,650	1,665	1,990
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,135	1,050	1,080
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,065	660	405
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,070	390	675
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,360	535	825
Refugees¹⁰⁸	145	70	80
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,650	1,665	1,990
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	10	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,280	615	665
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	140	40	95
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	230	115	110
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	0	35
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,960	880	1,080
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	64,420	32,325	32,095
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,170	1,580	1,590
South Asian	825	485	350
Chinese	465	200	260
Black	395	210	185
Filipino	680	285	390
Arab	25	25	0
Latin American	190	60	130
Southeast Asian	160	75	85
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	105	60	45
Japanese	210	105	110
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	55	35	25
Multiple visible minorities	45	25	20
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	61,245	30,745	30,500
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	64,420	32,325	32,095
Canadian	9,070	4,590	4,480
English	19,870	9,765	10,105
Irish	12,040	5,500	6,535
Scottish	15,165	7,365	7,805
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,720	3,260	3,460
German	11,440	5,725	5,720
Chinese	505	235	270
Italian	3,605	1,835	1,770
Indian (India)	530	305	225
Ukrainian	4,120	2,200	1,920
Dutch	3,050	1,560	1,495
Polish	2,605	1,325	1,280
Québécois	65	30	40
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,815	1,480	1,335
Filipino	575	225	350
French Canadian	685	355	330
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,220	660	560
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,395	660	735
Métis	2,580	1,265	1,315
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,695	915	780
Russian	1,950	980	965
Norwegian	3,380	1,555	1,825
Welsh	1,850	920	930
Portuguese	185	70	120
American	1,165	515	650
Spanish	370	130	240
Swedish	2,590	1,315	1,275
Hungarian	1,040	480	555
Acadian	160	75	80
Pakistani	10	0	10
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	160	55	110
Jewish	195	120	80
Punjabi	80	50	25
Vietnamese	45	20	25
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	20	10	15
Greek	210	130	80
Jamaican	100	45	50
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	100	50	55
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	470	185	280
Korean	105	60	45
Romanian	510	255	255
Lebanese	75	45	30
Iranian	10	10	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	65	35	30
Danish	1,080	500	580
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	455	270	185
Sikh	125	55	70
Austrian	825	400	425
Belgian	300	135	165
Haitian	10	10	0
Hindu	65	30	35
Mexican	100	45	60
Mennonite	205	100	105
Swiss	680	280	400
Finnish	440	210	230
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	210	125	85
Japanese	290	160	130
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	10	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	105	55	55
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	625	265	355
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	10	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	20	20
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	280	150	130
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	765	370	395
Syrian	10	10	0
Guyanese	20	10	10
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	15	10
Serbian	30	15	15
Ojibway	160	80	85
Newfoundlander	185	105	75
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	55	30	25
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	10
Turkish	20	15	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	70	25	40
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	30	15	15
Nigerian	40	20	20
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	245	115	130
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	155	85	70
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	90	30	55
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	20	10	10
African Caribbean	50	20	20
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	30	25	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	80	50	35
South African	295	140	150
Australian	450	215	230
Palestinian	10	10	0
Chilean	20	10	10
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	55	20	35
Ethiopian	10	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	15	15
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	30	10	20
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	70	35	35
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	60	30	30
New Brunswicker	15	15	0
Gujarati	30	15	15
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	20	0	20
Mohawk	20	10	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	250	100	155
Bulgarian	10	10	0
Albertan	80	35	40
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	20	15	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55	20	40
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	75	30	45
Cuban	30	10	15
Bosnian	35	25	10
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	45	30	15
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	15	0	10
Indonesian	20	15	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	80	20	60
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	115	65	50
British Columbian	565	280	290
Ecuadorian	10	0	10
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	20	10	15
Estonian	75	25	45
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	20	15	10
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	10	15
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	50	25	30
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	35	30	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	50	25	30
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	10
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	80	45	35
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	30	15
New Zealander	190	110	80
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	25	20	10
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	30	0	30
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	20	20	0
Saskatchewanian	95	50	45
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	15	0	15
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	25	15	10
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	20	10	15
Cherokee	55	35	25
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	25	15	10
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	20	10	15
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	30	0	20
Mongolian	10	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	64,420	32,325	32,095
Buddhist	255	90	160
Christian	24,120	11,060	13,065
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,250	2,525	2,725
Anabaptist	130	70	55
Anglican	2,305	1,050	1,255
Baptist	740	330	410
Catholic	7,640	3,495	4,145
Christian Orthodox	220	105	115
Jehovah's Witness	560	230	335
Latter Day Saints	750	370	380
Lutheran	975	455	515
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	110	55	55
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	570	270	300
Presbyterian	455	180	275
Reformed	45	15	30
United Church	2,960	1,285	1,680
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,415	625	785
Hindu	275	155	115
Jewish	65	25	35
Muslim	75	50	25
Sikh	375	210	165
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	140	55	90
Other religions and spiritual traditions	510	210	305
No religion and secular perspectives	38,600	20,470	18,130
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	63,960	32,095	31,860
Non-movers	55,095	27,715	27,380
Movers	8,860	4,380	4,485
Non-migrants	4,115	1,945	2,170
Migrants	4,745	2,435	2,315
Internal migrants	4,495	2,300	2,190
Intraprovincial migrants	2,345	1,160	1,185
Interprovincial migrants	2,145	1,145	1,005
External migrants	255	130	120
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	61,425	30,720	30,705
Non-movers	35,610	17,850	17,760
Movers	25,815	12,870	12,940
Non-migrants	8,040	3,985	4,060
Migrants	17,775	8,885	8,880
Internal migrants	16,445	8,210	8,235
Intraprovincial migrants	9,465	4,695	4,770
Interprovincial migrants	6,985	3,520	3,465
External migrants	1,330	675	650
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,160	27,060	27,095
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,825	5,050	3,775
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	45,335	22,010	23,320
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,280	17,055	17,225
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,315	1,990	1,330
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	30,960	15,065	15,895
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,160	27,060	27,095
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,450	4,060	3,390
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,210	8,325	8,885
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,495	14,675	14,825
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,550	10,340	9,210
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,525	5,415	1,110
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,815	1,095	720
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,705	4,320	385
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,675	4,370	7,310
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,350	560	790
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,945	4,330	5,615
Bachelor's degree	6,685	2,855	3,830
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	570	255	315
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	375	235	140
Master's degree	2,115	890	1,230
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	195	105	90
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,280	17,055	17,225
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,700	1,560	1,140
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,465	5,330	5,135
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,115	10,165	10,950
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,805	7,220	6,580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,495	3,780	720
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,230	740	490
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,265	3,035	235
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,410	3,065	5,345
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	895	375	515
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,315	2,940	4,370
Bachelor's degree	4,975	1,990	2,985
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	415	190	225
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	255	130	130
Master's degree	1,550	565	985
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	120	75	50
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,155	27,065	27,095
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,660	12,385	12,270
Education	2,405	575	1,830
13. Education	2,405	575	1,830
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	710	330	380
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	80	20
50. Visual and performing arts	605	255	355
Humanities	910	390	520
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	10	50
23. English language and literature/letters	185	65	120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	320	130	190
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	55	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	50	55
54. History	135	75	60
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,210	665	1,545
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	230	90	145
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	515	20	495
22. Legal professions and studies	285	80	205
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	35	25
42. Psychology	370	105	260
45. Social sciences	705	330	370
Business, management and public administration	5,425	1,790	3,635
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	525	95	435
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,890	1,695	3,195
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,120	585	530
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	315	120	190
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	305	130	175
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	410	310	105
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	15	60
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	530	310	215
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	375	245	140
25. Library science	40	0	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	65	30
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0	20
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,865	7,290	570
04. Architecture and related services	165	100	65
14. Engineering	860	700	165
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,290	1,115	175
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,140	2,090	50
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,355	2,270	85
48. Precision production	1,050	1,010	40
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,380	880	500
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	495	245	250
03. Natural resources and conservation	885	635	250
Health and related fields	4,995	880	4,115
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	640	335	310
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,175	430	3,740
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	155	105	45
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,945	980	965
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,170	340	825
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	290	190	95
49. Transportation and materials moving	470	420	45
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	34,280	17,055	17,225
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,165	6,890	6,275
Education	1,405	285	1,120
13. Education	1,405	285	1,120
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	585	270	315
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	50	20
50. Visual and performing arts	505	215	290
Humanities	655	280	375
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	10	40
23. English language and literature/letters	130	45	80
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	225	90	140
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	45	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	30	50
54. History	90	50	35
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,725	445	1,285
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	200	80	120
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	405	10	390
22. Legal professions and studies	235	60	185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	35	15
42. Psychology	275	50	220
45. Social sciences	520	205	315
Business, management and public administration	3,985	1,280	2,700
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	405	60	345
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,580	1,225	2,355
Physical and life sciences and technologies	770	350	425
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	220	70	145
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	240	100	140
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	260	175	90
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	0	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	405	225	185
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	335	210	125
25. Library science	20	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	15	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0	20
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,600	5,150	445
04. Architecture and related services	140	80	65
14. Engineering	655	520	140
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	860	725	130
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,545	1,525	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,655	1,600	50
48. Precision production	745	710	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,065	650	415
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	395	175	215
03. Natural resources and conservation	675	470	205
Health and related fields	3,545	615	2,925
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	495	255	245
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,930	305	2,625
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	50	50
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,370	620	750
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	835	215	625
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	225	140	85
49. Transportation and materials moving	300	260	40
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	34,280	17,055	17,225
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,165	6,890	6,275
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	21,115	10,165	10,950
Location of study inside Canada	18,595	9,050	9,545
Same as province or territory of residence	10,150	4,850	5,305
Different than province or territory of residence	8,445	4,205	4,240
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,520	1,115	1,410
Americas	640	220	420
United States of America	545	200	345
Mexico	30	10	25
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	0	15
Brazil	20	0	20
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	835	410	425
Belgium	0	0	0
France	65	30	35
Germany	120	55	70
Netherlands	40	15	25
Switzerland	50	25	20
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	0	15
Ukraine	35	15	20
Ireland⁹⁶	35	20	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	400	220	180
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	60	20	35
Africa	105	50	50
Nigeria	15	0	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	70	35	35
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	595	250	345
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	15	10
Taiwan	35	20	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	20	10	10
Korea, South⁹²	35	20	15
Philippines	270	90	185
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	195	100	90
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	15
Oceania	345	180	165
Australia	250	130	120
New Zealand	90	50	45
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	54,160	27,060	27,095
In the labour force	34,120	18,100	16,020
Employed	31,530	16,795	14,730
Unemployed	2,590	1,300	1,290
Not in the labour force	20,035	8,960	11,075
Participation rate	63.0	66.9	59.1
Employment rate	58.2	62.1	54.4
Unemployment rate	7.6	7.2	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	54,155	27,065	27,095
Did not work¹⁸⁶	19,805	8,810	10,990
Worked	34,355	18,250	16,105
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	16,865	10,005	6,860
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	17,490	8,240	9,250
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	41.6	39.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	34,120	18,100	16,020
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	495	230	265
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	33,625	17,870	15,755
Employee	28,235	14,845	13,395
Permanent position	23,365	12,670	10,695
Temporary position	4,875	2,175	2,695
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,020	425	595
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,855	1,755	2,105
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,390	3,025	2,370
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	34,120	18,100	16,020
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	495	230	265
All occupations¹⁹¹	33,625	17,870	15,755
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	230	130	105
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,520	1,115	3,400
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,995	1,450	545
3 Health occupations	2,460	400	2,060
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,290	885	2,405
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	840	345	495
6 Sales and service occupations	8,685	3,305	5,380
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,470	7,655	810
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,870	1,510	355
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,275	1,075	205
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	34,120	18,100	16,020
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	495	230	265
All industries¹⁹¹	33,625	17,870	15,755
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	955	660	290
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,720	3,045	680
22 Utilities	170	140	30
23 Construction	3,120	2,680	440
31-33 Manufacturing	1,830	1,410	420
41 Wholesale trade	670	530	145
44-45 Retail trade	4,275	1,935	2,345
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,315	970	340
51 Information and cultural industries	270	145	125
52 Finance and insurance	665	210	455
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	580	265	315
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,640	800	840
55 Management of companies and enterprises	155	80	75
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,290	665	630
61 Educational services	2,090	490	1,600
62 Health care and social assistance	3,855	620	3,240
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,215	635	585
72 Accommodation and food services	2,855	1,145	1,710
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,380	680	700
91 Public administration	1,575	785	795
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	37,140	19,560	17,580
English	36,565	19,415	17,155
French	30	0	25
Non-official language	15	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	0
English and French	255	55	200
English and non-official language(s)	260	70	185
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	37,140	19,560	17,580
Single responses	37,105	19,560	17,550
Official languages	37,070	19,535	17,535
English	37,025	19,530	17,495
French	40	0	40
Non-official languages	45	25	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	25	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	15	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	10	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	10	0
German	10	10	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	0	25
English and French	15	0	15
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	37,140	19,560	17,580
None	36,645	19,435	17,210
English	35	10	25
French	225	55	170
Non-official language	200	40	160
Indigenous³⁹	65	10	45
Non-Indigenous	140	30	110
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	15	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	31,530	16,795	14,730
Worked at home	4,040	1,800	2,240
Worked outside Canada	90	70	20
No fixed workplace address	5,285	3,970	1,315
Usual place of work	22,110	10,955	11,155
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	22,110	10,955	11,155
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,690	5,625	7,060
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,210	4,545	3,665
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	250	175	75
Commute to a different province or territory	960	610	355
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	27,395	14,930	12,470
Car, truck or van	23,650	13,015	10,630
Car, truck or van - as a driver	21,730	11,945	9,790
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,915	1,075	840
Public transit	645	485	160
Walked	2,025	815	1,215
Bicycle	475	245	230
Other method	595	370	225
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	27,395	14,930	12,470
Less than 15 minutes	14,555	6,780	7,775
15 to 29 minutes	6,460	3,525	2,935
30 to 44 minutes	3,130	2,005	1,120
45 to 59 minutes	1,075	770	305
60 minutes and over	2,180	1,845	335
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	27,395	14,930	12,470
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,660	2,100	555
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,645	3,120	1,525
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,235	3,560	2,670
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,520	2,600	3,920
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,575	1,325	2,245
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,760	2,215	1,545
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	12,500	6,400	6,105
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	805	405	400
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,695	5,995	5,700
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,250	4,775	4,480
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	595	310	285
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	210	100	110
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	385	205	180
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,655	4,465	4,195

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 29, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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