Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Central Kootenay, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	62,509	...	...
Population, 2016¹	59,517	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	31,588	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	28,006	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	22,078.10	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	62,510	31,110	31,400
0 to 14 years	8,520	4,335	4,190
0 to 4 years	2,355	1,190	1,165
5 to 9 years	2,945	1,495	1,445
10 to 14 years	3,225	1,650	1,580
15 to 64 years	37,445	18,600	18,850
15 to 19 years	2,875	1,525	1,350
20 to 24 years	2,355	1,250	1,100
25 to 29 years	2,935	1,460	1,475
30 to 34 years	3,540	1,715	1,820
35 to 39 years	3,875	1,935	1,945
40 to 44 years	3,945	1,955	1,990
45 to 49 years	3,850	1,925	1,925
50 to 54 years	3,895	1,950	1,940
55 to 59 years	4,705	2,240	2,460
60 to 64 years	5,475	2,630	2,840
65 years and over	16,535	8,180	8,360
65 to 69 years	5,570	2,805	2,765
70 to 74 years	4,690	2,385	2,305
75 to 79 years	2,880	1,465	1,415
80 to 84 years	1,815	840	975
85 years and over	1,585	685	895
85 to 89 years	1,025	490	540
90 to 94 years	435	160	270
95 to 99 years	110	35	75
100 years and over	15	5	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.6	13.9	13.3
15 to 64 years	59.9	59.8	60.0
65 years and over	26.5	26.3	26.6
85 years and over	2.5	2.2	2.9
Average age of the population	46.6	46.1	47.0
Median age of the population	49.2	48.8	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	28,005	...	...
Single-detached house	21,550	...	...
Semi-detached house	600	...	...
Row house	795	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,350	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,890	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	195	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,615	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	28,005	...	...
1 person	8,940	...	...
2 persons	11,405	...	...
3 persons	3,465	...	...
4 persons	2,745	...	...
5 or more persons	1,450	...	...
Number of persons in private households	61,175	30,515	30,660
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	53,990	26,780	27,205
Married or living common-law	31,800	15,855	15,945
Married	24,085	12,025	12,060
Living common-law	7,715	3,830	3,885
Living common law - Never married	5,330	2,670	2,660
Living common law - Separated	345	160	180
Living common law - Divorced	1,815	915	900
Living common law - Widowed	220	80	140
Not married and not living common-law	22,185	10,925	11,260
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,065	7,395	5,675
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,630	765	865
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,295	1,965	2,325
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,195	805	2,390
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	18,120	...	...
2 persons	11,575	...	...
3 persons	3,085	...	...
4 persons	2,500	...	...
5 or more persons	955	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	18,120	...	...
Total couple families	15,500	...	...
Married couples	11,645	...	...
With children⁶	4,280	...	...
Without children	7,360	...	...
Common-law couples	3,855	...	...
With children⁶	1,330	...	...
Without children	2,525	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,620	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,900	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	720	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	61,175	30,520	30,655
Total - Persons in census families	47,590	23,665	23,925
Married spouses or common-law partners	31,000	15,445	15,555
Parents in one-parent families	2,625	720	1,900
Children⁶	13,970	7,505	6,460
In a two-parent family	10,015	5,370	4,645
In a one-parent family	3,950	2,135	1,820
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,590	6,850	6,735
Living alone	8,940	4,465	4,480
Living with other relatives⁷	1,110	490	620
Living with non-relatives only	3,545	1,900	1,640
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	28,005	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	16,160	...	...
Couple-family households	14,100	...	...
With children⁶	5,065	...	...
Without children	9,035	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,060	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	430	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	175	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	970	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,330	...	...
One-person households	8,940	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	52,675	26,195	26,480
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,520	25,635	25,885
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,400	31,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,530	25,640	25,895
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,800	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,000	23,145	22,855
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,600	35,200	21,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,820	17,495	16,325
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,200	36,400	23,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,385	21,355	23,030
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,700	12,900	12,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,280	2,805	2,475
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	6,000	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,925	6,300	6,630
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	52,675	26,215	26,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,605	25,760	25,850
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,960	52,750	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,630	25,765	25,865
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,040	45,160	34,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,980	23,170	22,820
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,480	47,320	31,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,820	17,475	16,345
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,160	47,480	32,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,415	21,415	23,000
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,520	12,300	12,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,200	2,745	2,455
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,940	6,930	6,950
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,940	6,385	6,560
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,850	8,680	9,020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	52,680	26,220	26,455
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,530	7,235	5,295
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	68,000	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,400	73,300	56,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,305	7,640	8,665
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	22,600	15,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,320	34,320	23,020
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.6	80.6	71.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.2	61.0	52.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.4	19.4	28.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.4	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2	5.1	7.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.1	5.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	52,680	26,195	26,485
Without total income	1,160	565	595
With total income	51,520	25,630	25,885
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,450	1,850	2,600
$10,000 to $19,999	7,020	2,845	4,175
$20,000 to $29,999	9,650	4,210	5,440
$30,000 to $39,999	7,185	3,215	3,975
$40,000 to $49,999	5,740	2,800	2,935
$50,000 to $59,999	4,470	2,305	2,165
$60,000 to $69,999	3,185	1,820	1,370
$70,000 to $79,999	2,485	1,535	945
$80,000 to $89,999	1,795	1,180	620
$90,000 to $99,999	1,520	965	560
$100,000 and over	4,015	2,910	1,105
$100,000 to $149,999	2,995	2,140	855
$150,000 and over	1,015	770	250
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	52,680	26,195	26,485
Without after-tax income	1,145	560	585
With after-tax income	51,530	25,635	25,895
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,665	1,920	2,745
$10,000 to $19,999	7,235	2,925	4,305
$20,000 to $29,999	10,755	4,730	6,020
$30,000 to $39,999	8,050	3,690	4,355
$40,000 to $49,999	6,330	3,235	3,100
$50,000 to $59,999	4,460	2,445	2,010
$60,000 to $69,999	3,220	2,020	1,195
$70,000 to $79,999	2,265	1,450	810
$80,000 to $89,999	1,660	1,105	560
$90,000 to $99,999	1,015	715	295
$100,000 and over	1,885	1,395	490
$100,000 to $124,999	1,095	820	275
$125,000 and over	790	570	220
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	52,680	26,195	26,485
Without employment income	18,860	8,700	10,160
With employment income	33,820	17,495	16,325
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,160	2,970	3,190
$5,000 to $9,999	3,020	1,290	1,730
$10,000 to $19,999	4,515	2,005	2,510
$20,000 to $29,999	3,450	1,545	1,900
$30,000 to $39,999	3,105	1,400	1,700
$40,000 to $49,999	2,635	1,295	1,340
$50,000 to $59,999	2,310	1,180	1,135
$60,000 to $69,999	1,910	1,105	805
$70,000 to $79,999	1,535	1,005	535
$80,000 to $89,999	1,235	805	435
$90,000 to $99,999	1,105	720	385
$100,000 and over	2,850	2,185	665
$100,000 to $124,999	1,600	1,185	415
$125,000 and over	1,250	1,000	250
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	52,675	26,195	26,480
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,245	24,945	25,290
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,600	28,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,375	24,970	25,405
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	37,600	26,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	45,410	22,850	22,560
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,200	37,200	23,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	35,280	18,105	17,180
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800	36,000	23,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,630	17,405	20,225
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	10,000	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,690	2,520	2,170
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	6,200	5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	52,675	26,215	26,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,200	24,880	25,320
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,360	52,600	36,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,310	24,890	25,420
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,960	44,440	31,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,345	22,800	22,545
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,720	49,560	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,305	18,120	17,180
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,520	47,760	30,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,535	17,240	20,295
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,120	10,420	9,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,710	2,500	2,215
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,110	7,090	7,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	52,680	26,220	26,455
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,400	7,150	5,250
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	65,000	46,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,150	71,700	51,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,345	7,150	8,195
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	29,000	19,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,840	40,640	26,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.0	86.2	78.2
Employment income (%)	62.7	66.0	57.8
Government transfers (%)	17.0	13.7	21.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.4	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	28,005	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,940	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	19,065	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	28,005	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,940	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	19,065	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	28,005	...	...
Under $5,000	295	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	165	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	310	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	815	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,740	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,205	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,160	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,345	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,345	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,215	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,450	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,205	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,920	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,610	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,550	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,665	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,955	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,185	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,425	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	28,005	...	...
Under $5,000	325	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	330	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	840	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,810	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,345	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,315	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,480	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,510	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,425	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,750	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,365	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,170	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,865	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,555	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,750	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,905	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,055	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	18,000	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,380	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,670	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,485	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,480	6,365	6,120
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	34,800	31,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,200	32,400	30,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	18,070	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,400	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,660	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,500	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,360	6,275	6,085
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,200	44,440	39,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,120	38,320	35,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	61,180	30,515	30,660
0 to 17 years	10,295	5,270	5,025
0 to 5 years	2,930	1,485	1,445
18 to 64 years	35,150	17,375	17,780
65 years and over	15,730	7,875	7,855
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,595	4,140	4,455
0 to 17 years	1,485	750	735
0 to 5 years	425	215	215
18 to 64 years	4,330	2,145	2,185
65 years and over	2,775	1,245	1,535
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.1	13.6	14.5
0 to 17 years (%)	14.4	14.3	14.6
0 to 5 years (%)	14.6	14.5	14.8
18 to 64 years (%)	12.3	12.3	12.3
65 years and over (%)	17.7	15.8	19.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	61,085	30,475	30,610
0 to 17 years	10,275	5,260	5,015
0 to 5 years	2,920	1,480	1,440
18 to 64 years	35,090	17,345	17,740
65 years and over	15,725	7,870	7,855
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,060	1,095	970
0 to 17 years	315	160	155
0 to 5 years	70	40	30
18 to 64 years	1,535	825	710
65 years and over	205	110	95
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.6	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.0	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5	2.7	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.4	4.8	4.0
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.4	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	61,175	30,515	30,660
In bottom half of the distribution	35,550	17,355	18,195
In bottom decile	7,990	3,935	4,055
In second decile	7,755	3,630	4,125
In third decile	6,900	3,355	3,545
In fourth decile	6,550	3,250	3,295
In fifth decile	6,360	3,180	3,180
In top half of the distribution	25,625	13,160	12,460
In sixth decile	5,665	2,855	2,815
In seventh decile	5,655	2,860	2,795
In eighth decile	5,320	2,730	2,590
In ninth decile	5,200	2,720	2,480
In top decile	3,790	1,995	1,790
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	61,175	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.451	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.281	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	61,930	30,875	31,055
English only	57,350	28,855	28,490
French only	15	5	10
English and French	4,460	1,965	2,495
Neither English nor French	100	45	60
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	61,930	30,875	31,055
English	60,655	30,265	30,395
French	1,110	545	565
English and French	75	30	45
Neither English nor French	85	35	55
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	61,930	30,875	31,055
Single responses	60,890	30,395	30,490
Official languages	55,795	28,080	27,710
English	54,635	27,520	27,120
French	1,155	560	595
Non-official languages	5,100	2,320	2,780
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	10	5	5
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,085	2,310	2,775
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	20	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	25	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5
Maltese	5	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	195	50	140
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	10
Fijian	5	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	5
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	45	115
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	85	50	35
Kannada	5	0	5
Malayalam	65	40	25
Tamil	5	5	0
Telugu	10	5	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,165	1,955	2,215
Albanian	5	5	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,715	790	920
Baltic languages	15	5	10
Latvian	10	5	5
Lithuanian	5	0	5
Slavic languages	1,695	780	915
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0
Czech	120	60	65
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	150	80	70
Russian	1,205	535	675
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	55	25	25
Bosnian	5	0	5
Croatian	35	15	20
Serbian	15	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	45	20	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5
Ukrainian	95	50	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	5	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,425	655	770
Frisian	0	0	5
High German languages	975	450	520
German	910	415	490
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	60	35	30
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	355	170	185
Afrikaans	55	25	30
Dutch	255	120	135
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	35	15	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5
Scandinavian languages	95	35	55
Danish	50	15	30
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	25	10	10
Swedish	25	10	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	405	200	205
Indo-Aryan languages	380	190	185
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5
Gujarati	15	0	10
Hindi	65	30	30
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	5
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	275	140	135
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0
Urdu	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	10	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	25	10	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	20	5	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	590	290	305
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	200	105	90
Portuguese	180	90	90
Romanian	15	5	10
Spanish	195	80	115
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	80	30	55
Korean	90	30	65
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	0
American Sign Language	10	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220	100	120
Chinese languages	210	95	115
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	95	35	55
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	110	55	60
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	10
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	30
Lao	15	5	5
Thai	25	5	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	115	45	70
Estonian	5	0	5
Finnish	30	10	20
Hungarian	75	35	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,040	475	560
English and French	290	145	145
English and non-official language(s)	665	295	375
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	55	20	35
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	61,930	30,875	31,055
English	57,105	28,680	28,430
French	240	120	115
Non-official language	530	245	290
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	530	245	290
English and French	735	335	395
English and non-official language(s)	3,140	1,415	1,725
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	60	80
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	61,930	30,875	31,055
Single responses	61,365	30,625	30,740
Official languages	60,110	30,050	30,060
English	59,770	29,880	29,885
French	345	170	175
Non-official languages	1,250	570	685
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,250	570	685
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	80	30	50
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	25	50
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	60	30	25
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	55	30	25
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	835	385	445
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	215	100	115
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	215	100	115
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	45	25	25
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	30	15	15
Russian	115	45	70
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	205	95	120
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	130	55	70
German	120	50	65
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	30	35
Afrikaans	30	20	10
Dutch	25	10	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	0
Swedish	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	260	130	130
Indo-Aryan languages	240	125	120
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	5	10
Hindi	40	20	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	180	90	85
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	5	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	0	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	60	80
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	25	5	20
Portuguese	55	30	25
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	60	30	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	30	15	15
Korean	70	30	45
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	0
American Sign Language	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	55	70
Chinese languages	120	55	60
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	55	30	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10
Lao	5	0	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	565	250	315
English and French	110	50	55
English and non-official language(s)	450	200	250
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	61,930	30,875	31,055
None	58,355	29,245	29,110
English	705	325	380
French	550	255	295
Non-official language	1,980	905	1,075
Indigenous³⁹	25	5	15
Non-Indigenous	1,955	900	1,060
English and French	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	80	35	45
French and non-official language(s)	105	45	60
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	145	65	80
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	61,175	30,520	30,660
Official languages	61,095	30,465	30,625
English	61,085	30,465	30,620
French	4,450	1,890	2,560
Non-official languages	7,810	3,505	4,310
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	25	40
Algonquian languages	25	10	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	15	10	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	35	15	20
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	10	0	10
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,755	3,485	4,270
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	65	30	35
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	0	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	45	15	25
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	305	100	205
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	0	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	280	100	180
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Creole languages	40	25	10
Haitian Creole	20	10	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0
Dravidian languages	50	40	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	20	0
Tamil	10	0	0
Telugu	20	10	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,495	2,985	3,515
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,055	940	1,115
Baltic languages	25	10	15
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	10	0
Slavic languages	2,045	935	1,110
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	130	55	75
Macedonian	10	0	0
Polish	195	105	90
Russian	1,555	695	860
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	60	25	35
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	60	25	35
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	40	15	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10
Ukrainian	150	75	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,980	990	990
Frisian	15	10	10
High German languages	1,335	690	640
German	1,305	680	625
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	75	40	40
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	550	270	275
Afrikaans	120	65	60
Dutch	395	195	195
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	40	15	25
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	155	65	90
Danish	50	20	35
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	40	10	30
Swedish	60	35	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	55	20	35
Indo-Iranian languages	525	255	275
Indo-Aryan languages	480	230	250
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	15	0	15
Gujarati	10	0	0
Hindi	275	135	140
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	370	170	200
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	10	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	35	20	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	45	25	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	35	15	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	35	15	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,220	960	1,265
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	345	155	190
Portuguese	205	120	85
Romanian	25	20	0
Spanish	1,725	695	1,030
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	170	80	90
Korean	80	35	45
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	10
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	95	25	75
American Sign Language	70	10	55
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	305	160	145
Chinese languages	305	160	145
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	170	80	90
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	195	95	100
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	20	50
Lao	30	10	10
Thai	45	10	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	200	80	120
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	60	20	35
Hungarian	140	55	80
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	61,175	30,520	30,660
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,090	1,970	2,120
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,010	1,935	2,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,720	775	945
Métis	2,245	1,135	1,115
Inuk (Inuit)	40	25	15
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	55	25	30
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	10	15
Non-Indigenous identity	57,085	28,545	28,540
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	61,175	30,520	30,660
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	845	395	460
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	60,335	30,125	30,200
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	28,005	...	...
Owner	21,800	...	...
Renter	6,175	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	28,005	...	...
Condominium	1,175	...	...
Not condominium	26,835	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	28,005	...	...
No bedrooms	195	...	...
1 bedroom	3,015	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,030	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,525	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,255	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	28,005	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,760	...	...
5 rooms	4,675	...	...
6 rooms	4,680	...	...
7 rooms	3,425	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,470	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	28,005	...	...
One person or fewer per room	27,740	...	...
More than one person per room	265	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	28,005	...	...
Suitable	27,045	...	...
Not suitable	965	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	28,005	...	...
1960 or before	7,215	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,710	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,850	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,090	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,065	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,665	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,210	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,205	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	28,005	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	25,590	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,415	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	28,005	...	...
One-maintainer household	14,390	...	...
Two-maintainer household	12,420	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,195	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	28,005	...	...
15 to 24 years	420	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,725	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,155	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,405	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,905	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,460	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,910	...	...
85 years and over	1,010	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	27,600	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,795	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,805	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,380	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	28,010	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,435	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,155	...	...
Not suitable only	735	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,805	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	125	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	510	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...
Acceptable housing	20,575	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	27,175	...	...
In core need	2,960	...	...
Not in core need	24,220	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,490	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	49.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	725	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,047	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	478,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,170	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,055	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	30	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	520	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	480	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	61,180	30,520	30,660
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	805	405	400
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	775	385	390
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	460	215	245
Métis single ancestry	315	165	145
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,815	1,825	1,990
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,725	1,780	1,945
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,340	1,095	1,240
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,325	650	670
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	30	30
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	85	45	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	45	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	56,560	28,290	28,275
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	61,180	30,515	30,660
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	58,540	29,350	29,195
Canadian citizens aged under 18	10,160	5,185	4,970
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	48,380	24,160	24,220
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,640	1,170	1,465
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	61,180	30,515	30,660
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	53,280	26,770	26,505
Immigrants⁸¹	7,140	3,370	3,770
Before 1980	3,295	1,650	1,650
1980 to 1990	845	365	480
1991 to 2000	700	305	395
2001 to 2010	985	445	545
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,310	605	705
2011 to 2015	465	220	245
2016 to 2021	845	385	460
Non-permanent residents⁸³	760	375	385
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,140	3,370	3,765
Under 5 years	875	480	390
5 to 14 years	1,255	650	605
15 to 24 years	1,540	740	805
25 to 44 years	2,915	1,235	1,680
45 years and over	555	265	290
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,140	3,370	3,765
Americas	2,215	980	1,235
Brazil	15	10	0
Colombia	10	0	0
El Salvador	15	10	0
Guyana	10	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	65	25	35
Mexico	85	30	50
Peru	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	20	15	0
United States of America	1,845	820	1,025
Other places of birth in Americas	145	45	95
Europe	3,785	1,935	1,850
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	35	15	15
France	115	55	55
Germany	555	310	245
Greece	20	0	15
Hungary	95	45	50
Italy	180	80	100
Netherlands	310	175	135
Poland	130	60	70
Portugal	90	45	45
Romania	20	10	10
Russian Federation	70	20	50
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10
Ukraine	40	15	30
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,555	825	730
Other places of birth in Europe	565	270	290
Africa	210	110	105
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	140	80	60
Other places of birth in Africa	55	20	35
Asia	735	255	485
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	30	10	20
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	120	55	65
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	15	10
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0
Taiwan	30	10	20
Philippines	195	40	155
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	135	50	85
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	160	50	115
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	195	90	100
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	845	380	460
Americas	300	155	150
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	55	20	30
Mexico	25	15	0
United States of America	200	100	100
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	0	15
Europe	260	130	130
France	25	0	25
Germany	10	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	75	55
Other places of birth in Europe	85	45	35
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	210	70	145
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	85	30	50
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	70	20	50
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	15
Oceania and other⁹³	55	35	25
Australia	45	30	15
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	61,175	30,520	30,660
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,785	4,190	4,595
Second generation¹⁰¹	10,915	5,450	5,470
Third generation or more¹⁰²	41,480	20,880	20,595
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,840	1,725	2,125
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,850	935	910
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	850	515	330
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,000	420	580
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,755	670	1,080
Refugees¹⁰⁸	205	100	105
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	15	25
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,840	1,725	2,125
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	30	10	15
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,045	495	550
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	145	65	75
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	205	85	110
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	105	40	60
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,325	1,015	1,310
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	61,175	30,520	30,660
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,865	1,305	1,555
South Asian	730	360	375
Chinese	385	200	180
Black	320	155	170
Filipino	350	110	240
Arab	10	10	0
Latin American	255	110	145
Southeast Asian	130	50	85
West Asian	40	15	25
Korean	105	45	55
Japanese	320	155	170
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	35	40
Multiple visible minorities	140	70	70
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	58,315	29,210	29,105
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	61,175	30,515	30,655
Canadian	6,905	3,590	3,315
English	18,965	9,325	9,635
Irish	11,430	5,370	6,050
Scottish	13,715	6,775	6,940
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,310	3,000	3,315
German	10,945	5,425	5,520
Chinese	475	240	230
Italian	2,975	1,430	1,550
Indian (India)	610	345	265
Ukrainian	3,700	1,870	1,825
Dutch	2,935	1,510	1,425
Polish	2,570	1,240	1,330
Québécois	140	65	75
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,825	1,395	1,435
Filipino	360	130	235
French Canadian	660	320	340
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,280	685	600
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,045	475	570
Métis	1,750	885	865
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,790	885	905
Russian	5,350	2,635	2,710
Norwegian	2,585	1,205	1,380
Welsh	2,100	945	1,150
Portuguese	440	195	245
American	1,530	680	855
Spanish	455	210	245
Swedish	2,500	1,155	1,345
Hungarian	895	385	510
Acadian	180	60	125
Pakistani	35	15	20
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	150	90	60
Jewish	490	230	260
Punjabi	20	0	20
Vietnamese	25	10	15
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	30	10	20
Greek	265	135	130
Jamaican	100	65	35
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	60	30	30
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	540	250	290
Korean	105	45	60
Romanian	345	165	180
Lebanese	55	30	25
Iranian	35	15	20
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	100	50	50
Danish	890	455	440
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	410	175	240
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	935	450	485
Belgian	340	150	190
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	20	10	10
Mexican	150	65	85
Mennonite	310	140	165
Swiss	805	415	385
Finnish	700	320	380
Sri Lankan	20	0	15
Croatian	195	100	95
Japanese	380	180	210
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	0	15
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	135	80	55
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	515	260	255
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	35	10	25
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	410	205	205
Colombian	45	15	35
Moroccan	20	10	10
Czech	520	270	250
Syrian	40	25	20
Guyanese	10	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	25	15
Serbian	60	35	25
Ojibway	100	40	50
Newfoundlander	120	45	70
Hong Konger	10	0	0
Ontarian	75	15	55
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	60	40	20
Turkish	55	35	15
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	25	35
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	20	15	10
Brazilian	70	50	25
Nigerian	20	10	10
Armenian	40	25	15
Slovak	185	95	90
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	195	95	100
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	40	20	20
Iraqi	20	10	15
Salvadorean	30	10	20
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	0	15
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	0	30
Algonquin	35	15	20
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	100	30	65
South African	150	80	75
Australian	245	125	120
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	60	25	30
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	40	15	30
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	55	25	30
Peruvian	45	15	30
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	40	20	20
Macedonian	10	0	0
Slovenian	45	25	25
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	100	50	55
New Brunswicker	15	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	15	10	10
Mohawk	70	40	30
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	235	130	100
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	45	25	20
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	10	10	0
African American	55	30	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	120	40	80
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	30	15
Cuban	25	10	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	30	15	15
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	90	45	45
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	50	15	35
Laotian	40	20	15
Ilocano	10	0	10
Northern Irish	45	20	25
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	105	60	50
British Columbian	415	215	200
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	35	20	20
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	10	0	0
Jatt	55	20	35
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85	45	40
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	45	10	35
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	15	0	10
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	15	0	10
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	60	20	35
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	10	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	25	15
New Zealander	105	50	55
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	60	25	35
Malaysian	20	15	0
Plains Cree	10	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	25	15	10
Saskatchewanian	80	45	35
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	20	15	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	25	10	10
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	10	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	65	25	35
Cape Bretoner	35	10	25
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	15	0	10
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	110	60	50
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	15	15	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	35	10	25
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	25	0	20
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	15	10	10
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	40	20	15
Costa Rican	15	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	25	0	20
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	61,175	30,520	30,660
Buddhist	425	170	250
Christian	19,745	8,945	10,805
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,470	2,125	2,350
Anabaptist	215	110	110
Anglican	1,895	805	1,090
Baptist	520	270	255
Catholic	5,210	2,475	2,730
Christian Orthodox	245	100	145
Jehovah's Witness	540	250	290
Latter Day Saints	865	350	510
Lutheran	795	350	450
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	65	35	25
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	455	215	240
Presbyterian	395	170	220
Reformed	30	20	0
United Church	2,320	940	1,380
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,735	725	1,005
Hindu	200	100	95
Jewish	265	105	160
Muslim	85	40	45
Sikh	230	90	140
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	75	30	45
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,050	450	605
No religion and secular perspectives	39,105	20,595	18,510
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	60,735	30,275	30,465
Non-movers	52,965	26,500	26,460
Movers	7,775	3,770	4,000
Non-migrants	3,700	1,750	1,950
Migrants	4,075	2,030	2,050
Internal migrants	3,735	1,845	1,895
Intraprovincial migrants	2,430	1,180	1,250
Interprovincial migrants	1,305	660	640
External migrants	345	185	155
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	58,710	29,235	29,480
Non-movers	34,985	17,425	17,555
Movers	23,730	11,810	11,925
Non-migrants	5,865	3,070	2,795
Migrants	17,860	8,735	9,125
Internal migrants	16,280	8,000	8,280
Intraprovincial migrants	11,700	5,680	6,020
Interprovincial migrants	4,580	2,325	2,260
External migrants	1,580	735	850
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,680	26,220	26,455
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,425	5,400	4,020
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,255	20,820	22,435
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,740	15,570	16,175
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,615	2,195	1,420
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	28,120	13,375	14,750
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,675	26,215	26,460
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,910	4,375	3,540
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,485	7,565	7,925
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,280	14,280	15,000
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,150	9,850	9,300
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,060	4,735	1,315
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,035	1,150	885
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,020	3,585	435
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,570	4,570	7,000
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,525	545	980
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,130	4,430	5,700
Bachelor's degree	6,740	2,950	3,795
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	645	265	380
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	280	175	105
Master's degree	2,165	905	1,260
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	295	140	155
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,740	15,570	16,170
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,840	1,685	1,150
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,055	4,535	4,520
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,845	9,350	10,500
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,685	6,455	6,235
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,870	2,995	875
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,310	720	585
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,560	2,270	285
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,870	3,080	4,795
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	945	385	565
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,160	2,890	4,270
Bachelor's degree	4,930	2,040	2,885
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	440	165	275
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	180	90	90
Master's degree	1,435	530	905
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	185	70	115
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	52,675	26,220	26,460
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,395	11,940	11,460
Education	2,260	625	1,635
13. Education	2,260	625	1,635
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,330	510	820
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	105	30
50. Visual and performing arts	1,190	405	785
Humanities	1,420	635	785
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	100	25	80
23. English language and literature/letters	410	150	260
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	410	155	255
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135	95	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	95	35
54. History	185	110	75
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,630	790	1,840
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	215	65	150
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	605	35	565
22. Legal professions and studies	315	75	240
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	25	35
42. Psychology	475	160	315
45. Social sciences	905	410	500
Business, management and public administration	4,630	1,355	3,275
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	615	45	565
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,005	1,305	2,700
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,015	575	440
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	500	255	245
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	185	100	85
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10
40. Physical sciences	260	190	75
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	25	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	590	370	220
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	395	270	120
25. Library science	85	10	80
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	75	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,040	6,545	495
04. Architecture and related services	190	80	105
14. Engineering	690	610	85
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,470	1,355	115
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,070	1,975	100
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,740	1,700	45
48. Precision production	870	830	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,775	1,110	665
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	655	355	300
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,115	755	360
Health and related fields	4,730	845	3,885
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	450	245	210
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,205	565	3,645
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	40	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,845	915	930
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,195	350	845
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	185	125	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	445	420	30
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	31,740	15,570	16,175
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,890	6,220	5,670
Education	1,250	305	945
13. Education	1,250	305	945
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	990	355	640
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	50	30
50. Visual and performing arts	915	305	610
Humanities	855	415	445
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	15	40
23. English language and literature/letters	270	105	165
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	240	85	155
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	75	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	65	10
54. History	100	65	35
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,935	515	1,425
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	15	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	165	60	105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	480	25	455
22. Legal professions and studies	235	50	185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	20	30
42. Psychology	275	75	205
45. Social sciences	690	275	415
Business, management and public administration	3,230	1,000	2,225
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	450	40	410
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,780	965	1,815
Physical and life sciences and technologies	660	355	305
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	335	150	180
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	70	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	10
40. Physical sciences	175	120	55
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	15	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	430	285	150
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	320	220	95
25. Library science	35	0	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	45	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,555	4,140	415
04. Architecture and related services	170	65	105
14. Engineering	475	395	80
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	950	855	95
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,330	1,255	75
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,080	1,040	35
48. Precision production	550	525	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,315	740	570
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	475	220	250
03. Natural resources and conservation	840	520	320
Health and related fields	3,240	560	2,680
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	360	180	175
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,830	360	2,470
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	20	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,370	675	690
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	895	280	610
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	145	85	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	330	305	25
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	31,740	15,570	16,175
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,890	6,220	5,670
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	19,850	9,345	10,500
Location of study inside Canada	17,585	8,325	9,260
Same as province or territory of residence	11,450	5,490	5,970
Different than province or territory of residence	6,135	2,840	3,290
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,260	1,025	1,240
Americas	880	405	470
United States of America	780	385	395
Mexico	35	0	30
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	0	10
Brazil	15	10	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	0	30
Europe	775	385	390
Belgium	0	0	0
France	55	20	35
Germany	100	70	30
Netherlands	85	35	45
Switzerland	45	20	20
Hungary	10	0	10
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	20	10	10
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	0	20
Ukraine	10	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	340	170	170
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	15	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	70	45	25
Africa	60	20	35
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	45	20	25
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	415	135	280
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	15	0	15
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	30	10	15
Taiwan	10	0	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	20	0	15
Korea, South⁹²	25	0	25
Philippines	125	45	85
Viet Nam	15	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	135	55	80
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10
Oceania	140	70	60
Australia	110	65	40
New Zealand	30	10	20
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	52,675	26,215	26,460
In the labour force	30,245	15,790	14,460
Employed	27,215	14,155	13,055
Unemployed	3,030	1,635	1,405
Not in the labour force	22,430	10,435	12,000
Participation rate	57.4	60.2	54.6
Employment rate	51.7	54.0	49.3
Unemployment rate	10.0	10.4	9.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	52,675	26,220	26,460
Did not work¹⁸⁶	22,060	10,270	11,795
Worked	30,615	15,945	14,670
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	12,980	7,525	5,460
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	17,635	8,425	9,210
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.4	39.8	38.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	30,245	15,785	14,455
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	640	330	310
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	29,605	15,460	14,150
Employee	22,645	11,515	11,135
Permanent position	17,820	9,125	8,700
Temporary position	4,825	2,390	2,435
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,060	445	615
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,760	1,940	1,820
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,960	3,940	3,015
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	30,245	15,785	14,455
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	640	330	310
All occupations¹⁹¹	29,605	15,460	14,150
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	240	145	95
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,525	745	2,775
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,915	1,485	425
3 Health occupations	2,330	450	1,875
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,295	850	2,445
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,150	450	700
6 Sales and service occupations	7,230	2,710	4,520
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,450	5,940	510
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,990	1,475	515
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,480	1,195	285
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	30,245	15,785	14,455
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	640	330	310
All industries¹⁹¹	29,605	15,460	14,150
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,885	1,315	570
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	510	470	40
22 Utilities	275	245	35
23 Construction	3,250	2,880	375
31-33 Manufacturing	2,290	1,790	500
41 Wholesale trade	370	265	100
44-45 Retail trade	3,665	1,630	2,040
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,035	755	280
51 Information and cultural industries	380	200	175
52 Finance and insurance	485	150	335
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	415	205	205
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,010	965	1,045
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	25	30
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,250	725	525
61 Educational services	2,125	605	1,520
62 Health care and social assistance	3,995	710	3,285
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	890	470	415
72 Accommodation and food services	2,010	720	1,290
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,470	670	795
91 Public administration	1,250	650	605
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	33,150	17,250	15,900
English	32,615	17,055	15,560
French	30	15	20
Non-official language	30	10	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	10	20
English and French	250	70	180
English and non-official language(s)	205	85	120
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	20	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	33,150	17,250	15,900
Single responses	33,105	17,225	15,880
Official languages	33,055	17,215	15,840
English	32,980	17,195	15,785
French	75	15	55
Non-official languages	50	15	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	50	15	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	0	20
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	0	10
German	10	0	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0	15
Chinese languages	20	0	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	0	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	20	25
English and French	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	30	20	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	33,150	17,250	15,900
None	32,715	17,095	15,615
English	70	10	60
French	190	60	130
Non-official language	150	65	80
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	150	65	80
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	27,210	14,155	13,055
Worked at home	5,005	2,145	2,860
Worked outside Canada	100	80	15
No fixed workplace address	4,780	3,725	1,055
Usual place of work	17,330	8,200	9,130
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	17,330	8,195	9,130
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,160	3,565	4,595
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,070	3,250	3,815
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,735	1,165	580
Commute to a different province or territory	365	215	145
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	22,105	11,920	10,185
Car, truck or van	18,610	10,325	8,285
Car, truck or van - as a driver	17,280	9,695	7,585
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,330	625	700
Public transit	315	160	155
Walked	2,150	885	1,265
Bicycle	470	275	195
Other method	565	275	285
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	22,105	11,920	10,185
Less than 15 minutes	10,625	4,895	5,735
15 to 29 minutes	5,775	3,290	2,485
30 to 44 minutes	3,270	1,985	1,285
45 to 59 minutes	1,135	705	435
60 minutes and over	1,300	1,050	250
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	22,105	11,920	10,185
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,660	1,320	340
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,645	2,500	1,145
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,400	2,820	2,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,520	2,335	3,185
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,785	1,070	1,710
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,105	1,880	1,220
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	10,510	5,390	5,120
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	835	425	410
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,675	4,965	4,710
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,950	4,090	3,860
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	610	310	305
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	255	125	130
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	350	175	175
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,340	3,780	3,555

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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