Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kootenay Boundary, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	33,152	...	...
Population, 2016¹	31,447	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	18,998	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	15,190	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8,080.76	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	33,150	16,565	16,585
0 to 14 years	4,350	2,260	2,095
0 to 4 years	1,160	595	570
5 to 9 years	1,560	825	735
10 to 14 years	1,635	835	795
15 to 64 years	19,605	9,820	9,790
15 to 19 years	1,485	750	730
20 to 24 years	1,275	700	570
25 to 29 years	1,595	865	735
30 to 34 years	1,730	870	860
35 to 39 years	2,020	995	1,025
40 to 44 years	1,785	895	890
45 to 49 years	1,900	980	920
50 to 54 years	2,000	995	1,000
55 to 59 years	2,545	1,165	1,385
60 to 64 years	3,265	1,595	1,670
65 years and over	9,195	4,490	4,705
65 to 69 years	3,080	1,555	1,525
70 to 74 years	2,540	1,260	1,280
75 to 79 years	1,620	820	795
80 to 84 years	1,015	480	535
85 years and over	940	375	565
85 to 89 years	615	245	370
90 to 94 years	255	110	145
95 to 99 years	60	15	45
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.1	13.6	12.6
15 to 64 years	59.1	59.3	59.0
65 years and over	27.7	27.1	28.4
85 years and over	2.8	2.3	3.4
Average age of the population	47.4	46.7	48.2
Median age of the population	51.2	50.0	52.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	15,190	...	...
Single-detached house	11,650	...	...
Semi-detached house	405	...	...
Row house	425	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	335	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,555	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	30	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	750	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	15,190	...	...
1 person	5,005	...	...
2 persons	6,230	...	...
3 persons	1,815	...	...
4 persons	1,485	...	...
5 or more persons	655	...	...
Number of persons in private households	32,400	16,285	16,120
Average household size	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	28,800	14,310	14,490
Married or living common-law	17,200	8,600	8,600
Married	13,355	6,680	6,670
Living common-law	3,845	1,920	1,925
Living common law - Never married	2,485	1,250	1,235
Living common law - Separated	210	110	100
Living common law - Divorced	1,000	510	490
Living common law - Widowed	150	45	100
Not married and not living common-law	11,600	5,710	5,895
Not married and not living common law - Never married	6,340	3,700	2,635
Not married and not living common law - Separated	890	435	455
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,315	1,100	1,215
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,060	470	1,590
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,745	...	...
2 persons	6,250	...	...
3 persons	1,635	...	...
4 persons	1,375	...	...
5 or more persons	495	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,750	...	...
Total couple families	8,445	...	...
Married couples	6,525	...	...
With children⁶	2,380	...	...
Without children	4,145	...	...
Common-law couples	1,925	...	...
With children⁶	645	...	...
Without children	1,275	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,300	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	950	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	350	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	32,400	16,285	16,115
Total - Persons in census families	25,500	12,780	12,720
Married spouses or common-law partners	16,890	8,450	8,445
Parents in one-parent families	1,300	350	950
Children⁶	7,310	3,985	3,320
In a two-parent family	5,405	2,920	2,490
In a one-parent family	1,900	1,065	835
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,905	3,500	3,400
Living alone	5,005	2,455	2,555
Living with other relatives⁷	535	255	275
Living with non-relatives only	1,365	795	570
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	15,190	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,985	...	...
Couple-family households	7,930	...	...
With children⁶	2,845	...	...
Without children	5,085	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,055	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	205	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	55	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	360	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	585	...	...
One-person households	5,010	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	28,065	14,035	14,025
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,390	13,735	13,655
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	45,600	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,400	13,740	13,660
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,600	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,360	12,410	11,945
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	38,400	23,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,170	9,720	8,450
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	38,000	26,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,190	11,060	12,125
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	13,700	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,720	1,365	1,355
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,520	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,965	2,880	3,085
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	28,060	14,015	14,050
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,420	13,745	13,675
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800	57,550	39,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,420	13,745	13,675
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,080	48,720	35,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,375	12,480	11,895
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,960	52,300	33,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,170	9,825	8,345
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,040	51,400	35,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,245	11,165	12,080
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,480	12,340	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,580	1,285	1,295
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,285	6,230	6,335
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,895	2,840	3,060
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,750	8,590	8,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	28,065	14,010	14,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,160	4,275	2,890
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,500	80,000	54,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,900	83,100	60,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,750	3,590	4,160
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	21,600	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,400	36,200	25,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.4	82.6	72.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.8	63.9	54.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.7	17.4	27.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.0	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.1	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	28,060	14,035	14,030
Without total income	670	300	365
With total income	27,390	13,730	13,660
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,255	915	1,340
$10,000 to $19,999	3,495	1,310	2,180
$20,000 to $29,999	4,615	1,990	2,620
$30,000 to $39,999	3,860	1,755	2,105
$40,000 to $49,999	3,220	1,565	1,660
$50,000 to $59,999	2,470	1,325	1,150
$60,000 to $69,999	1,675	885	785
$70,000 to $79,999	1,360	835	525
$80,000 to $89,999	885	565	320
$90,000 to $99,999	860	565	295
$100,000 and over	2,685	2,025	660
$100,000 to $149,999	1,995	1,495	505
$150,000 and over	690	530	155
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	28,060	14,035	14,030
Without after-tax income	660	295	365
With after-tax income	27,400	13,740	13,665
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,370	945	1,420
$10,000 to $19,999	3,605	1,370	2,235
$20,000 to $29,999	5,200	2,230	2,970
$30,000 to $39,999	4,420	2,055	2,360
$40,000 to $49,999	3,575	1,845	1,735
$50,000 to $59,999	2,370	1,290	1,075
$60,000 to $69,999	1,670	1,015	660
$70,000 to $79,999	1,180	760	425
$80,000 to $89,999	1,100	765	335
$90,000 to $99,999	680	520	160
$100,000 and over	1,230	945	285
$100,000 to $124,999	720	535	180
$125,000 and over	510	405	105
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	28,060	14,035	14,030
Without employment income	9,890	4,320	5,575
With employment income	18,175	9,720	8,450
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,665	2,020	1,645
$5,000 to $9,999	1,315	555	760
$10,000 to $19,999	2,180	960	1,225
$20,000 to $29,999	1,700	735	970
$30,000 to $39,999	1,600	725	870
$40,000 to $49,999	1,305	630	675
$50,000 to $59,999	1,165	520	640
$60,000 to $69,999	950	530	425
$70,000 to $79,999	825	515	315
$80,000 to $89,999	650	420	225
$90,000 to $99,999	670	430	240
$100,000 and over	2,145	1,685	465
$100,000 to $124,999	1,230	930	300
$125,000 and over	915	750	165
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	28,065	14,035	14,025
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,925	13,490	13,435
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	45,600	29,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,000	13,500	13,505
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,400	27,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,365	12,395	11,965
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	40,400	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,375	10,155	9,225
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	38,400	24,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,695	9,050	10,650
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,200	11,600	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,350	1,210	1,140
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,640	5,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	28,060	14,015	14,050
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,000	13,565	13,435
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,440	57,050	37,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,080	13,570	13,510
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,120	47,440	32,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,405	12,520	11,890
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,200	54,150	33,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,320	10,255	9,065
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,480	52,200	33,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,630	9,055	10,575
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,290	10,630	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,185	1,060	1,125
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,310	5,880	6,720
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	28,065	14,010	14,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,110	4,245	2,870
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800	75,500	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,800	80,600	56,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,475	3,480	3,995
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	27,600	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,520	44,760	29,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.2	87.6	79.2
Employment income (%)	65.6	69.2	60.3
Government transfers (%)	15.8	12.4	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	15,190	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,010	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	10,185	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	15,190	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,005	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	10,190	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	15,190	...	...
Under $5,000	115	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	170	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	395	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	795	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	610	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	610	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	700	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	695	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	690	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,340	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,215	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,005	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	955	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	875	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,955	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,660	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,130	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,295	...	...
$200,000 and over	865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	15,190	...	...
Under $5,000	125	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	175	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	400	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	835	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	705	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	690	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	800	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	765	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	840	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,495	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,310	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,180	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,105	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	915	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,770	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,560	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	960	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,245	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,730	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,185	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,065	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,235	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,370	3,245	3,125
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	40,000	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	36,400	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,725	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,190	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,110	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,200	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,325	3,190	3,130
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,200	49,960	42,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,160	42,760	37,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	32,405	16,285	16,120
0 to 17 years	5,305	2,730	2,570
0 to 5 years	1,445	745	700
18 to 64 years	18,440	9,230	9,215
65 years and over	8,660	4,330	4,330
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,810	1,820	1,990
0 to 17 years	585	300	285
0 to 5 years	165	85	80
18 to 64 years	1,880	930	950
65 years and over	1,345	590	755
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.8	11.2	12.3
0 to 17 years (%)	11.1	11.1	11.0
0 to 5 years (%)	11.3	11.2	11.6
18 to 64 years (%)	10.2	10.1	10.3
65 years and over (%)	15.5	13.6	17.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	32,400	16,285	16,115
0 to 17 years	5,305	2,730	2,575
0 to 5 years	1,445	745	695
18 to 64 years	18,440	9,225	9,215
65 years and over	8,660	4,325	4,335
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	845	430	415
0 to 17 years	135	70	70
0 to 5 years	25	10	15
18 to 64 years	620	325	300
65 years and over	95	45	55
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.6	2.7	2.6
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.4	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.4	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.5	3.2
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.1	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	32,405	16,280	16,120
In bottom half of the distribution	17,740	8,670	9,075
In bottom decile	3,345	1,650	1,695
In second decile	3,655	1,720	1,940
In third decile	3,630	1,755	1,875
In fourth decile	3,590	1,755	1,835
In fifth decile	3,525	1,790	1,740
In top half of the distribution	14,660	7,615	7,045
In sixth decile	3,310	1,700	1,610
In seventh decile	2,935	1,490	1,445
In eighth decile	2,995	1,545	1,445
In ninth decile	2,980	1,575	1,405
In top decile	2,435	1,300	1,135
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	32,400	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.310	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.443	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.275	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	32,715	16,430	16,290
English only	31,025	15,615	15,410
French only	10	5	5
English and French	1,640	790	850
Neither English nor French	45	15	20
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	32,715	16,430	16,290
English	32,255	16,200	16,055
French	400	200	200
English and French	25	10	15
Neither English nor French	40	15	25
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	32,715	16,430	16,290
Single responses	32,285	16,235	16,050
Official languages	30,205	15,280	14,920
English	29,760	15,055	14,700
French	445	225	220
Non-official languages	2,085	950	1,135
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5
Algonquian languages	5	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	5	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,075	950	1,130
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	75	10	65
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Cebuano	10	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	5
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	10	45
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	15	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,750	820	930
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	495	215	280
Baltic languages	5	5	5
Latvian	5	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	485	210	275
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	35	15	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	50	20	30
Russian	335	135	195
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5
Serbian	15	10	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0
Ukrainian	30	15	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	5
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Germanic languages	575	285	285
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	345	170	170
German	320	160	155
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	25	10	15
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	190	100	90
Afrikaans	55	20	30
Dutch	120	60	55
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	10	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0
Scandinavian languages	40	20	15
Danish	15	10	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	0
Swedish	15	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	205	115	90
Indo-Aryan languages	190	110	85
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	5
Gujarati	10	5	5
Hindi	25	15	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	80	65
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	5	5
Dari	5	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	465	200	260
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	315	135	180
Portuguese	35	15	25
Romanian	20	10	10
Spanish	90	35	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	10
Korean	30	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	10
American Sign Language	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	40	40
Chinese languages	75	35	40
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	30	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	60	30	25
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	25	15	10
Hungarian	35	20	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	435	195	240
English and French	110	50	60
English and non-official language(s)	290	135	160
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	32,715	16,430	16,290
English	30,880	15,570	15,310
French	80	40	40
Non-official language	235	105	130
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	235	105	130
English and French	260	130	135
English and non-official language(s)	1,190	545	645
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	32,715	16,430	16,290
Single responses	32,490	16,310	16,175
Official languages	32,000	16,075	15,920
English	31,885	16,025	15,860
French	115	55	60
Non-official languages	485	235	255
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	485	235	255
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	10	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	360	175	190
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	25	25
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	50	25	25
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5
Russian	20	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	80	40	40
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	40	20	20
German	30	15	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	20	20
Afrikaans	25	15	15
Dutch	5	5	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	150	80	70
Indo-Aryan languages	145	80	65
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	5
Hindi	10	10	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	65	55
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	30	50
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	45	15	30
Portuguese	10	5	0
Romanian	5	5	0
Spanish	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0
Korean	20	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	25	20
Chinese languages	40	20	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	225	115	115
English and French	40	15	20
English and non-official language(s)	185	95	90
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	32,715	16,430	16,290
None	31,400	15,820	15,580
English	235	115	120
French	190	100	90
Non-official language	765	325	445
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous	760	320	440
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	20
French and non-official language(s)	40	25	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	50	30	20
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	32,400	16,285	16,115
Official languages	32,350	16,265	16,085
English	32,345	16,260	16,085
French	1,650	795	850
Non-official languages	3,200	1,430	1,770
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,195	1,430	1,765
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	30	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	50	30	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	40	30	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	105	0	100
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	0	100
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	65	45	20
Kannada	15	10	0
Malayalam	40	30	15
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,660	1,245	1,420
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	645	260	380
Baltic languages	10	10	0
Latvian	10	10	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	630	250	380
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	70	35	35
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	30	10	20
Russian	460	175	285
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	20
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	0
Serbian	30	20	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	15	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	20	10
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	10	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0
Germanic languages	765	390	375
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	560	305	250
German	550	305	245
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	35	20	20
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	185	95	90
Afrikaans	45	20	25
Dutch	140	80	55
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	10	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	50	25	35
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	35	10	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	345	210	140
Indo-Aryan languages	325	200	130
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	45	20	25
Hindi	205	145	55
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	15	15	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	245	140	105
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	20	10	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	935	405	525
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	380	165	210
Portuguese	55	25	35
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	510	220	290
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	70	25	40
Korean	45	20	25
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	0	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	0	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	90	20	70
American Sign Language	80	15	60
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	45	60
Chinese languages	105	45	60
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	60	25	40
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	30	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	20
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	30	10	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	25	25
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	20	10	10
Hungarian	20	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	32,400	16,285	16,120
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,100	1,100	1,000
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,005	1,050	955
First Nations (North American Indian)	805	400	405
Métis	1,195	645	550
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	35	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	15	30
Non-Indigenous identity	30,305	15,185	15,120
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	32,400	16,285	16,120
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	410	200	210
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	31,995	16,080	15,910
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	15,190	...	...
Owner	12,155	...	...
Renter	3,035	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	15,190	...	...
Condominium	860	...	...
Not condominium	14,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	15,190	...	...
No bedrooms	70	...	...
1 bedroom	1,450	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,000	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,685	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,980	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	15,190	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,185	...	...
5 rooms	2,420	...	...
6 rooms	2,450	...	...
7 rooms	2,130	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,005	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	15,190	...	...
One person or fewer per room	15,080	...	...
More than one person per room	110	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	15,190	...	...
Suitable	14,770	...	...
Not suitable	420	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	15,190	...	...
1960 or before	5,785	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,450	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,310	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,660	...	...
2001 to 2005	420	...	...
2006 to 2010	670	...	...
2011 to 2015	355	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	535	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	15,190	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	13,935	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,260	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	15,190	...	...
One-maintainer household	7,945	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,785	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	460	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	15,190	...	...
15 to 24 years	335	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,485	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,010	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,190	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,420	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,500	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,645	...	...
85 years and over	615	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	14,975	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	12,900	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,070	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,880	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	15,190	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,410	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,815	...	...
Not suitable only	315	...	...
Major repairs needed only	945	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	225	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	11,780	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	14,775	...	...
In core need	885	...	...
Not in core need	13,890	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,995	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	755	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,014	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	376,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	417,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,025	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	953	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	32,405	16,280	16,120
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	440	205	235
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	435	205	230
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	230	95	135
Métis single ancestry	200	105	90
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,830	985	845
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,765	945	820
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,010	525	480
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	740	410	335
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60	40	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	40	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	30,130	15,095	15,040
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	32,405	16,285	16,120
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	31,295	15,780	15,510
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,190	2,660	2,525
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	26,100	13,115	12,985
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,110	505	605
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	32,405	16,285	16,120
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	29,105	14,755	14,350
Immigrants⁸¹	2,865	1,280	1,585
Before 1980	1,475	715	760
1980 to 1990	270	110	165
1991 to 2000	295	115	175
2001 to 2010	355	140	220
2011 to 2021⁸²	475	200	265
2011 to 2015	220	100	120
2016 to 2021	250	105	150
Non-permanent residents⁸³	435	250	180
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,865	1,280	1,585
Under 5 years	435	230	210
5 to 14 years	565	260	310
15 to 24 years	540	220	325
25 to 44 years	1,145	505	640
45 years and over	180	70	110
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,865	1,280	1,585
Americas	595	190	405
Brazil	10	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	15	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	20	0	20
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	490	175	320
Other places of birth in Americas	45	0	40
Europe	1,545	775	770
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	20	20	0
France	15	0	10
Germany	255	120	135
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	30	10	20
Italy	140	75	70
Netherlands	90	60	30
Poland	25	10	15
Portugal	30	20	15
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	0	20
Serbia⁸⁶	25	10	15
Ukraine	10	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	675	335	340
Other places of birth in Europe	200	100	95
Africa	105	65	45
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	60	30	30
Other places of birth in Africa	45	35	10
Asia	395	135	255
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	50	15	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	20
Taiwan	10	0	10
Philippines	105	10	95
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	70	40	30
Pakistan	10	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	20	45
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	230	115	115
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	250	105	150
Americas	80	30	50
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	55	30	25
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	40	15	30
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	75	35	40
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	55	30	20
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	20	0	15
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	60	30	30
Australia	60	30	30
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	32,400	16,285	16,115
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,600	1,670	1,930
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,875	2,885	2,990
Third generation or more¹⁰²	22,925	11,725	11,200
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,390	565	830
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	750	350	400
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	365	225	145
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	385	130	255
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	560	175	380
Refugees¹⁰⁸	85	40	45
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,390	565	830
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	415	180	235
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	40	10	30
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	55	25	30
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	15
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	855	335	520
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	32,400	16,285	16,120
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,340	585	755
South Asian	410	235	180
Chinese	150	60	90
Black	95	40	55
Filipino	190	45	150
Arab	0	0	0
Latin American	110	40	70
Southeast Asian	75	25	55
West Asian	20	10	10
Korean	60	25	35
Japanese	140	65	75
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	10	25
Multiple visible minorities	60	35	20
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	31,060	15,695	15,365
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	32,405	16,285	16,120
Canadian	4,170	2,165	2,005
English	10,250	5,055	5,200
Irish	6,255	3,120	3,135
Scottish	8,160	3,975	4,195
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,255	1,590	1,665
German	5,305	2,580	2,725
Chinese	175	70	105
Italian	2,850	1,465	1,380
Indian (India)	300	160	140
Ukrainian	1,930	1,005	925
Dutch	1,630	860	770
Polish	1,165	545	615
Québécois	75	35	45
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,460	745	715
Filipino	215	55	155
French Canadian	330	155	175
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	505	225	275
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	495	270	225
Métis	1,010	555	455
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	725	380	345
Russian	2,210	1,070	1,140
Norwegian	1,350	700	650
Welsh	1,225	535	690
Portuguese	150	65	85
American	840	385	455
Spanish	195	85	110
Swedish	1,220	565	655
Hungarian	445	230	215
Acadian	110	50	60
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	50	25	25
Jewish	195	115	80
Punjabi	65	50	25
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	65	30	35
Jamaican	20	0	15
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	0	15
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	230	110	120
Korean	60	25	35
Romanian	135	75	60
Lebanese	45	20	25
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	75	35	45
Danish	625	340	285
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	215	100	115
Sikh	75	35	40
Austrian	455	245	210
Belgian	200	75	125
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	45	40	10
Mexican	70	25	45
Mennonite	195	105	90
Swiss	290	135	150
Finnish	310	145	160
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	90	55	35
Japanese	170	85	85
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	50	20	35
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	305	125	180
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	20	0	15
Icelandic	230	110	120
Colombian	10	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	230	110	120
Syrian	35	20	15
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	10
Serbian	90	55	35
Ojibway	25	10	10
Newfoundlander	25	10	15
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	35	15	15
Persian	40	35	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	10	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	25	15	15
Slovak	85	50	30
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	75	35	35
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	20	0	15
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	10
Algonquin	20	15	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	10
Lithuanian	60	25	35
South African	80	35	40
Australian	235	155	85
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	30	15	15
Ethiopian	10	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	40	10	25
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	40	20	20
Macedonian	15	10	0
Slovenian	55	30	25
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45	30	20
New Brunswicker	30	10	20
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	45	30	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	95	45	55
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	20	15	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	85	45	40
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	10	20
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	35	25	15
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	35	25	10
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	20	15	10
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	10	20
British Columbian	215	150	70
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	0
Estonian	40	20	20
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	20	15
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	35	10	25
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	35	15	20
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	20	0
New Zealander	65	40	30
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	10	35
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	25	15	10
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	10	10	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	30	20	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	45	30	15
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	25	0	15
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	15	15	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	32,400	16,285	16,120
Buddhist	80	25	55
Christian	11,995	5,485	6,510
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,705	1,265	1,445
Anabaptist	180	90	90
Anglican	1,150	540	615
Baptist	190	90	100
Catholic	3,695	1,680	2,015
Christian Orthodox	105	40	60
Jehovah's Witness	360	190	170
Latter Day Saints	60	35	25
Lutheran	410	195	215
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	70	30	40
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	345	145	200
Presbyterian	205	100	110
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	1,560	620	940
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	955	460	495
Hindu	140	90	45
Jewish	80	65	20
Muslim	45	10	35
Sikh	145	80	60
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	20	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	375	150	230
No religion and secular perspectives	19,520	10,355	9,165
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	32,220	16,170	16,055
Non-movers	28,005	14,175	13,830
Movers	4,215	1,995	2,225
Non-migrants	1,620	710	910
Migrants	2,590	1,285	1,310
Internal migrants	2,465	1,225	1,240
Intraprovincial migrants	1,800	870	925
Interprovincial migrants	670	355	315
External migrants	130	60	70
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	31,355	15,720	15,640
Non-movers	18,355	9,360	9,000
Movers	13,000	6,360	6,645
Non-migrants	3,090	1,500	1,585
Migrants	9,920	4,860	5,060
Internal migrants	9,325	4,545	4,770
Intraprovincial migrants	7,140	3,445	3,695
Interprovincial migrants	2,185	1,100	1,080
External migrants	595	310	285
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	28,065	14,010	14,050
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,125	2,830	2,295
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	22,940	11,185	11,755
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,700	8,315	8,390
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,870	1,125	745
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,825	7,190	7,640
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	28,060	14,015	14,045
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,100	2,100	2,000
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,315	3,850	4,470
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,645	8,065	7,585
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,120	6,105	5,020
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,925	3,245	685
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,180	705	475
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,745	2,535	210
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,410	2,530	3,885
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	785	335	445
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,525	1,960	2,565
Bachelor's degree	3,005	1,270	1,730
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	360	110	250
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	180	85	95
Master's degree	870	410	460
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	120	80	40
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,700	8,310	8,385
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,410	800	610
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,725	2,285	2,440
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,565	5,225	5,340
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,185	3,865	3,320
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,425	1,995	435
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	740	450	290
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,685	1,545	145
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,290	1,655	2,635
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	470	215	255
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,380	1,360	2,020
Bachelor's degree	2,320	940	1,380
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	250	60	190
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	135	50	80
Master's degree	595	260	335
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	50	35
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	28,060	14,015	14,050
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,415	5,950	6,465
Education	1,125	325	805
13. Education	1,125	325	805
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	335	145	200
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	45	10
50. Visual and performing arts	280	100	180
Humanities	585	275	315
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	165	40	120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	180	95	85
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	35	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	65	50
54. History	45	30	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,040	280	760
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	20	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	305	25	280
22. Legal professions and studies	155	25	130
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	10
42. Psychology	185	45	135
45. Social sciences	325	145	175
Business, management and public administration	2,595	835	1,760
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	250	30	225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,335	800	1,535
Physical and life sciences and technologies	455	260	195
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	150	80	65
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	35	30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	160	105	50
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	30	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	330	215	115
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	260	180	80
25. Library science	30	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	35	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,830	4,575	255
04. Architecture and related services	40	40	0
14. Engineering	555	450	105
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	975	920	50
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,375	1,350	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,160	1,125	35
48. Precision production	725	695	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	465	245	220
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	175	65	110
03. Natural resources and conservation	290	180	110
Health and related fields	2,920	460	2,460
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	210	85	125
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,655	360	2,295
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	15	40
Personal, protective and transportation services	955	455	505
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	585	155	430
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	140	110	35
49. Transportation and materials moving	220	175	40
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,700	8,315	8,390
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,135	3,090	3,050
Education	700	175	525
13. Education	700	175	525
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	230	90	140
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	20	10
50. Visual and performing arts	200	70	125
Humanities	385	145	240
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	95	25	70
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	125	50	70
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	20	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	35	35
54. History	25	10	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	785	160	620
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	15	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	240	20	220
22. Legal professions and studies	130	20	110
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	0	10
42. Psychology	135	25	110
45. Social sciences	225	75	150
Business, management and public administration	1,750	565	1,190
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	195	20	175
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,550	535	1,015
Physical and life sciences and technologies	300	160	135
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	50	50
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	30	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	110	70	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	230	175	60
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	180	155	30
25. Library science	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	20	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,140	2,915	215
04. Architecture and related services	40	30	0
14. Engineering	430	335	95
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	645	600	50
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	880	870	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	725	695	30
48. Precision production	410	380	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	350	165	185
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	125	40	85
03. Natural resources and conservation	230	120	105
Health and related fields	1,985	315	1,670
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	155	65	90
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,785	240	1,545
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	15	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	710	355	360
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	440	130	305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	115	90	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	150	125	25
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	16,700	8,315	8,390
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,135	3,090	3,050
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	10,565	5,230	5,340
Location of study inside Canada	9,555	4,730	4,820
Same as province or territory of residence	6,890	3,410	3,485
Different than province or territory of residence	2,660	1,320	1,340
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,015	495	515
Americas	295	160	140
United States of America	265	155	110
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	320	150	175
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	30	20	10
Netherlands	25	20	0
Switzerland	25	20	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	0	15
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	195	85	115
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	10
Africa	30	20	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	10
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	190	80	110
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	10
Philippines	50	0	45
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	115	65	45
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	165	80	85
Australia	135	60	80
New Zealand	30	25	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	28,060	14,015	14,045
In the labour force	15,300	8,115	7,185
Employed	13,980	7,340	6,640
Unemployed	1,320	780	545
Not in the labour force	12,760	5,895	6,865
Participation rate	54.5	57.9	51.2
Employment rate	49.8	52.4	47.3
Unemployment rate	8.6	9.6	7.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	28,060	14,015	14,050
Did not work¹⁸⁶	12,390	5,730	6,660
Worked	15,675	8,285	7,385
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,375	4,385	2,985
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	8,300	3,900	4,400
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.9	40.6	39.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	15,300	8,120	7,185
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	265	130	130
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	15,040	7,985	7,055
Employee	12,295	6,425	5,870
Permanent position	9,725	5,190	4,530
Temporary position	2,570	1,230	1,340
Fixed term (1 year or more)	610	240	370
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,960	990	970
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,745	1,560	1,180
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	15,300	8,120	7,185
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	265	130	130
All occupations¹⁹¹	15,040	7,985	7,055
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	155	75	85
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,855	410	1,445
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	925	675	240
3 Health occupations	1,420	220	1,205
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,495	440	1,055
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	375	185	185
6 Sales and service occupations	3,690	1,505	2,185
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,205	2,985	220
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	960	645	320
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	955	840	115
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	15,300	8,120	7,185
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	265	130	130
All industries¹⁹¹	15,040	7,985	7,055
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	865	525	340
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	280	235	45
22 Utilities	275	225	50
23 Construction	1,340	1,180	160
31-33 Manufacturing	1,770	1,415	360
41 Wholesale trade	225	160	65
44-45 Retail trade	1,755	825	930
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	395	295	95
51 Information and cultural industries	115	65	55
52 Finance and insurance	310	85	225
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	260	130	130
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	775	420	355
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	60	25
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	600	360	240
61 Educational services	975	270	710
62 Health care and social assistance	2,210	345	1,875
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	385	190	190
72 Accommodation and food services	1,035	440	590
81 Other services (except public administration)	760	410	350
91 Public administration	630	355	275
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	16,890	8,875	8,015
English	16,620	8,755	7,865
French	25	10	20
Non-official language	20	10	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	15
English and French	85	45	45
English and non-official language(s)	125	55	70
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	16,890	8,875	8,015
Single responses	16,855	8,860	8,000
Official languages	16,835	8,850	7,990
English	16,795	8,840	7,955
French	45	10	35
Non-official languages	20	10	15
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	20	10	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	20	15
English and French	15	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	16,890	8,875	8,015
None	16,705	8,795	7,910
English	15	0	15
French	60	35	30
Non-official language	95	35	60
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	90	35	60
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	13,980	7,340	6,640
Worked at home	2,175	1,060	1,120
Worked outside Canada	25	25	0
No fixed workplace address	1,990	1,490	505
Usual place of work	9,785	4,765	5,020
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	9,790	4,770	5,020
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,245	1,990	2,260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,125	1,990	2,135
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,220	710	510
Commute to a different province or territory	195	85	115
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	11,780	6,255	5,520
Car, truck or van	10,130	5,490	4,635
Car, truck or van - as a driver	9,425	5,205	4,225
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	705	285	415
Public transit	125	40	75
Walked	1,100	425	675
Bicycle	125	95	35
Other method	300	200	95
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	11,780	6,255	5,520
Less than 15 minutes	6,485	3,205	3,280
15 to 29 minutes	3,560	1,910	1,650
30 to 44 minutes	970	590	380
45 to 59 minutes	330	235	95
60 minutes and over	430	315	115
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	11,780	6,255	5,520
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,190	975	215
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,360	1,675	685
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,665	1,180	1,485
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,460	850	1,615
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,340	530	810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,770	1,055	720
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,415	2,780	2,630
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	340	155	185
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,070	2,630	2,445
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,150	2,135	2,015
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	270	120	150
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	155	75	75
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	115	45	75
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,885	2,010	1,865

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table