Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Comox Valley, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	72,445
Population, 2016¹	66,527
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.9
Total private dwellings²	34,412
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	31,939
Population density per square kilometre	42.7
Land area in square kilometres	1,697.03
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	72,445
0 to 14 years	9,930
0 to 4 years	2,750
5 to 9 years	3,570
10 to 14 years	3,615
15 to 64 years	41,925
15 to 19 years	3,270
20 to 24 years	2,795
25 to 29 years	3,200
30 to 34 years	3,830
35 to 39 years	4,340
40 to 44 years	4,190
45 to 49 years	4,115
50 to 54 years	4,215
55 to 59 years	5,605
60 to 64 years	6,360
65 years and over	20,585
65 to 69 years	6,215
70 to 74 years	5,670
75 to 79 years	3,930
80 to 84 years	2,440
85 years and over	2,335
85 to 89 years	1,485
90 to 94 years	625
95 to 99 years	195
100 years and over	35
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.7
15 to 64 years	57.9
65 years and over	28.4
85 years and over	3.2
Average age of the population	47.4
Median age of the population	50.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	31,940
Single-detached house	21,385
Semi-detached house	2,875
Row house	1,720
Apartment or flat in a duplex	920
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,690
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	60
Other single-attached house	60
Movable dwelling⁴	1,225
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	31,940
1 person	9,370
2 persons	13,380
3 persons	4,210
4 persons	3,315
5 or more persons	1,660
Number of persons in private households	71,110
Average household size	2.2
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	62,510
Married or living common-law	38,095
Married	30,170
Living common-law	7,925
Living common law - Never married	5,125
Living common law - Separated	335
Living common law - Divorced	2,185
Living common law - Widowed	280
Not married and not living common-law	24,420
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,585
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,720
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,155
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,960
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	21,660
2 persons	13,755
3 persons	3,840
4 persons	2,995
5 or more persons	1,065
Average size of census families	2.6
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	21,660
Total couple families	18,655
Married couples	14,705
With children⁶	5,450
Without children	9,260
Common-law couples	3,945
With children⁶	1,350
Without children	2,595
Total one-parent families	3,005
in which the parent is a woman+	2,275
in which the parent is a man+	730
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	71,110
Total - Persons in census families	56,675
Married spouses or common-law partners	37,305
Parents in one-parent families	3,010
Children⁶	16,360
In a two-parent family	11,930
In a one-parent family	4,435
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	14,440
Living alone	9,370
Living with other relatives⁷	1,275
Living with non-relatives only	3,795
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	31,940
One-census-family households without additional persons	19,180
Couple-family households	16,915
With children⁶	6,105
Without children	10,815
One-parent-family households	2,265
Multigenerational households⁸	595
Multiple-census-family households⁹	210
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,155
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,435
One-person households	9,370
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	61,195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,745
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,270
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,285
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,300
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,380
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,850
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	61,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,735
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,810
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,155
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,285
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,030
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,300
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,555
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,730
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	61,205
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15,005
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,685
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	61,195
Without total income	1,450
With total income	59,750
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,480
$10,000 to $19,999	7,150
$20,000 to $29,999	9,730
$30,000 to $39,999	8,515
$40,000 to $49,999	7,195
$50,000 to $59,999	5,740
$60,000 to $69,999	4,405
$70,000 to $79,999	3,420
$80,000 to $89,999	2,345
$90,000 to $99,999	1,765
$100,000 and over	5,005
$100,000 to $149,999	3,510
$150,000 and over	1,500
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	61,195
Without after-tax income	1,395
With after-tax income	59,795
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,870
$10,000 to $19,999	7,410
$20,000 to $29,999	10,885
$30,000 to $39,999	9,725
$40,000 to $49,999	8,065
$50,000 to $59,999	5,915
$60,000 to $69,999	4,345
$70,000 to $79,999	2,780
$80,000 to $89,999	1,900
$90,000 to $99,999	1,155
$100,000 and over	2,750
$100,000 to $124,999	1,475
$125,000 and over	1,275
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	61,195
Without employment income	22,910
With employment income	38,290
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,440
$5,000 to $9,999	3,175
$10,000 to $19,999	4,695
$20,000 to $29,999	4,040
$30,000 to $39,999	3,625
$40,000 to $49,999	3,290
$50,000 to $59,999	2,820
$60,000 to $69,999	2,380
$70,000 to $79,999	1,965
$80,000 to $89,999	1,490
$90,000 to $99,999	1,200
$100,000 and over	3,160
$100,000 to $124,999	1,545
$125,000 and over	1,610
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	61,195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,585
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,725
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	53,975
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	41,475
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	43,070
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,500
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	61,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,595
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,790
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,060
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	41,680
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	42,750
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,230
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,395
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,670
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	61,205
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	14,870
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,055
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	84.4
Employment income (%)	60.9
Government transfers (%)	15.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	31,940
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,370
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	22,570
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	31,945
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,400
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,340
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,800
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	22,605
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,300
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	31,935
Under $5,000	250
$5,000 to $9,999	145
$10,000 to $14,999	255
$15,000 to $19,999	665
$20,000 to $24,999	1,380
$25,000 to $29,999	1,045
$30,000 to $34,999	1,140
$35,000 to $39,999	1,350
$40,000 to $44,999	1,330
$45,000 to $49,999	1,330
$50,000 to $59,999	2,700
$60,000 to $69,999	2,520
$70,000 to $79,999	2,410
$80,000 to $89,999	2,160
$90,000 to $99,999	1,995
$100,000 and over	11,260
$100,000 to $124,999	3,910
$125,000 to $149,999	2,565
$150,000 to $199,999	2,800
$200,000 and over	1,990
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	31,935
Under $5,000	305
$5,000 to $9,999	155
$10,000 to $14,999	270
$15,000 to $19,999	680
$20,000 to $24,999	1,460
$25,000 to $29,999	1,175
$30,000 to $34,999	1,365
$35,000 to $39,999	1,520
$40,000 to $44,999	1,515
$45,000 to $49,999	1,535
$50,000 to $59,999	3,095
$60,000 to $69,999	2,955
$70,000 to $79,999	2,575
$80,000 to $89,999	2,445
$90,000 to $99,999	2,095
$100,000 and over	8,800
$100,000 to $124,999	3,705
$125,000 to $149,999	2,190
$150,000 and over	2,905
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	21,425
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000
Average family size of economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,145
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,865
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,810
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,160
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	21,485
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,700
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,115
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,500
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,900
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,930
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,100
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,730
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,600
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,965
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	71,110
0 to 17 years	11,920
0 to 5 years	3,460
18 to 64 years	39,535
65 years and over	19,655
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,310
0 to 17 years	1,325
0 to 5 years	395
18 to 64 years	3,680
65 years and over	2,305
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.3
0 to 17 years (%)	11.1
0 to 5 years (%)	11.5
18 to 64 years (%)	9.3
65 years and over (%)	11.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	70,820
0 to 17 years	11,865
0 to 5 years	3,435
18 to 64 years	39,350
65 years and over	19,600
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,335
0 to 17 years	420
0 to 5 years	100
18 to 64 years	1,615
65 years and over	300
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1
65 years and over (%)	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	71,110
In bottom half of the distribution	37,110
In bottom decile	7,030
In second decile	6,960
In third decile	7,365
In fourth decile	7,830
In fifth decile	7,920
In top half of the distribution	34,000
In sixth decile	7,515
In seventh decile	7,595
In eighth decile	7,015
In ninth decile	6,440
In top decile	5,435
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	71,110
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.303
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.423
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	71,825
English only	64,640
French only	25
English and French	6,975
Neither English nor French	190
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	71,825
English	69,980
French	1,585
English and French	100
Neither English nor French	165
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	71,825
Single responses	70,735
Official languages	66,195
English	64,560
French	1,640
Non-official languages	4,535
Indigenous languages³⁹	25
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	10
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	5
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,515
Afro-Asiatic languages	85
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	5
Bilen	5
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	70
Amharic	5
Arabic	45
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	10
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	200
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	200
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	305
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	35
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	10
Indonesian	5
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	230
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	10
Haitian Creole	5
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	70
Kannada	0
Malayalam	55
Tamil	10
Telugu	5
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	2,945
Albanian	10
Armenian	5
Balto-Slavic languages	430
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	415
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	15
Czech	50
Macedonian	5
Polish	130
Russian	70
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	40
Bosnian	10
Croatian	20
Serbian	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5
Germanic languages	1,620
Frisian	5
High German languages	985
German	920
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	60
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	475
Afrikaans	65
Dutch	380
Low German, n.o.s.	15
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	165
Danish	85
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	20
Swedish	60
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	20
Indo-Iranian languages	360
Indo-Aryan languages	320
Assamese	0
Bengali	10
Gujarati	45
Hindi	70
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	160
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	45
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	40
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	40
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	485
Catalan	0
Italian	110
Portuguese	90
Romanian	15
Spanish	265
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	120
Korean	155
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	25
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	5
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	420
Chinese languages	415
Hakka	10
Mandarin	200
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	180
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35
Lao	0
Thai	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	15
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	15
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	120
Estonian	5
Finnish	60
Hungarian	55
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,095
English and French	410
English and non-official language(s)	570
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	25
Multiple non-official languages	80
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	71,825
English	66,515
French	390
Non-official language	700
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	695
English and French	1,110
English and non-official language(s)	2,875
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	150
Multiple non-official languages	90
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	71,825
Single responses	71,230
Official languages	69,865
English	69,300
French	570
Non-official languages	1,365
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,360
Afro-Asiatic languages	35
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	30
Amharic	0
Arabic	20
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	130
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	135
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	20
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	45
Kannada	0
Malayalam	35
Tamil	0
Telugu	5
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	605
Albanian	5
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	75
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	75
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	15
Macedonian	0
Polish	20
Russian	25
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	5
Bosnian	5
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	185
Frisian	0
High German languages	115
German	100
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60
Afrikaans	40
Dutch	10
Low German, n.o.s.	15
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	5
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	5
Indo-Iranian languages	215
Indo-Aryan languages	195
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	30
Hindi	40
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	20
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	20
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	115
Catalan	0
Italian	15
Portuguese	10
Romanian	5
Spanish	90
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	20
Korean	100
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	10
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	25
American Sign Language	20
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	225
Chinese languages	225
Hakka	10
Mandarin	110
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	100
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	20
Estonian	0
Finnish	10
Hungarian	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	595
English and French	165
English and non-official language(s)	415
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	71,825
None	68,115
English	665
French	790
Non-official language	1,865
Indigenous³⁹	40
Non-Indigenous	1,830
English and French	5
English and non-official language(s)	85
French and non-official language(s)	115
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	185
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	71,115
Official languages	70,930
English	70,910
French	6,935
Non-official languages	7,380
Indigenous languages³⁹	95
Algonquian languages	20
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	10
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10
Mi'kmaq	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	15
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	50
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	40
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,295
Afro-Asiatic languages	165
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	165
Amharic	15
Arabic	100
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	45
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	250
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	250
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	540
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	80
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	25
Indonesian	40
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	450
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	20
Haitian Creole	15
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	35
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	30
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	5,165
Albanian	25
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	505
Baltic languages	15
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	495
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	55
Czech	45
Macedonian	0
Polish	125
Russian	155
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	90
Bosnian	20
Croatian	50
Serbian	40
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	65
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	60
Irish	40
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10
Germanic languages	2,200
Frisian	0
High German languages	1,595
German	1,560
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	45
Yiddish	15
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	485
Afrikaans	80
Dutch	385
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	190
Danish	110
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	45
Swedish	60
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	55
Indo-Iranian languages	475
Indo-Aryan languages	425
Assamese	0
Bengali	25
Gujarati	30
Hindi	250
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	25
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	280
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20
Urdu	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	50
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	50
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	45
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,110
Catalan	0
Italian	300
Portuguese	160
Romanian	40
Spanish	1,710
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	285
Korean	205
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	60
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	25
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	10
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	130
American Sign Language	120
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	470
Chinese languages	470
Hakka	0
Mandarin	245
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	290
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35
Lao	0
Thai	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	25
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	25
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	150
Estonian	0
Finnish	65
Hungarian	80
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	71,115
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,210
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,020
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,920
Métis	2,050
Inuk (Inuit)	55
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	145
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	50
Non-Indigenous identity	65,905
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	71,115
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,415
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	69,695
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	31,945
Owner	24,690
Renter	7,225
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	30
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	31,945
Condominium	4,275
Not condominium	27,665
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	31,945
No bedrooms	195
1 bedroom	2,675
2 bedrooms	9,450
3 bedrooms	12,995
4 or more bedrooms	6,630
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	31,945
1 to 4 rooms	7,610
5 rooms	6,020
6 rooms	5,560
7 rooms	4,400
8 or more rooms	8,355
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	31,945
One person or fewer per room	31,680
More than one person per room	265
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	31,945
Suitable	31,050
Not suitable	890
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	31,945
1960 or before	3,630
1961 to 1980	8,215
1981 to 1990	4,770
1991 to 2000	6,500
2001 to 2005	1,870
2006 to 2010	2,650
2011 to 2015	1,735
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,575
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	31,945
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	30,110
Major repairs needed	1,830
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	31,945
One-maintainer household	15,345
Two-maintainer household	15,280
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,320
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	31,945
15 to 24 years	525
25 to 34 years	2,915
35 to 44 years	4,475
45 to 54 years	4,695
55 to 64 years	6,855
65 to 74 years	7,050
75 to 84 years	4,030
85 years and over	1,410
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	31,490
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	25,160
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,325
30% to less than 100%	5,790
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	31,945
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,375
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,750
Not suitable only	700
Major repairs needed only	1,255
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	90
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	485
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10
Acceptable housing	23,570
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	30,950
In core need	2,715
Not in core need	28,235
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,335
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.0
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.7
% in core housing need⁶³	4.9
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,253
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	650,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	691,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,215
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.7
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.4
% in core housing need⁶³	22.1
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	30
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	440
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	440
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	71,120
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,395
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,370
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	945
Métis single ancestry	405
Inuit single ancestry	25
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,370
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,260
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,995
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,230
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	65,355
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	71,115
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	68,620
Canadian citizens aged under 18	11,720
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	56,900
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,495
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	71,115
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	61,555
Immigrants⁸¹	9,005
Before 1980	4,495
1980 to 1990	1,105
1991 to 2000	870
2001 to 2010	1,145
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,390
2011 to 2015	615
2016 to 2021	775
Non-permanent residents⁸³	560
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,005
Under 5 years	1,260
5 to 14 years	1,685
15 to 24 years	1,875
25 to 44 years	3,595
45 years and over	590
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,005
Americas	1,595
Brazil	35
Colombia	0
El Salvador	45
Guyana	10
Haiti	10
Jamaica	35
Mexico	65
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	20
United States of America	1,190
Other places of birth in Americas	185
Europe	5,265
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15
Croatia	15
France	175
Germany	725
Greece	25
Hungary	30
Italy	100
Netherlands	280
Poland	100
Portugal	45
Romania	50
Russian Federation	35
Serbia⁸⁶	40
Ukraine	30
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,970
Other places of birth in Europe	625
Africa	300
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	10
Eritrea	20
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	10
Nigeria	30
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	135
Other places of birth in Africa	95
Asia	1,550
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	30
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	40
Turkey	20
China⁹⁰	100
Hong Kong⁹¹	40
Korea, South⁹²	155
Taiwan	50
Philippines	440
Viet Nam	245
Bangladesh	0
India	175
Pakistan	0
Sri Lanka	25
Other places of birth in Asia	215
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	290
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	775
Americas	160
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	10
United States of America	95
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	50
Europe	235
France	40
Germany	15
Ireland⁹⁶	15
Italy	10
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	95
Other places of birth in Europe	55
Africa	65
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	20
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	15
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	15
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15
Asia	255
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	75
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	10
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	85
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	25
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	65
Australia	60
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	71,115
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,620
Second generation¹⁰¹	13,490
Third generation or more¹⁰²	47,010
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,510
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,305
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,050
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,255
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,755
Refugees¹⁰⁸	410
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,510
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	65
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,030
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	160
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	245
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,935
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	71,115
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,030
South Asian	660
Chinese	670
Black	425
Filipino	650
Arab	65
Latin American	265
Southeast Asian	400
West Asian	55
Korean	245
Japanese	315
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	120
Multiple visible minorities	170
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	67,085
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	71,115
Canadian	9,300
English	24,045
Irish	14,095
Scottish	18,760
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,175
German	10,130
Chinese	795
Italian	2,390
Indian (India)	510
Ukrainian	3,735
Dutch	3,705
Polish	2,290
Québécois	195
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,550
Filipino	635
French Canadian	920
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,605
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,970
Métis	1,745
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,085
Russian	1,385
Norwegian	2,810
Welsh	2,590
Portuguese	395
American	1,400
Spanish	485
Swedish	2,150
Hungarian	780
Acadian	220
Pakistani	10
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	190
Jewish	455
Punjabi	45
Vietnamese	280
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	100
Greek	290
Jamaican	60
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	430
Korean	230
Romanian	365
Lebanese	80
Iranian	30
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	120
Danish	1,260
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	450
Sikh	40
Austrian	815
Belgian	410
Haitian	20
Hindu	15
Mexican	215
Mennonite	255
Swiss	600
Finnish	835
Sri Lankan	70
Croatian	180
Japanese	355
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	180
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	570
Muslim	15
Egyptian	25
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40
Tamil	0
Icelandic	705
Colombian	25
Moroccan	10
Czech	330
Syrian	40
Guyanese	35
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40
Serbian	70
Ojibway	115
Newfoundlander	135
Hong Konger	40
Ontarian	85
Persian	45
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45
Turkish	50
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65
Bangladeshi	15
Algerian	0
Brazilian	60
Nigerian	35
Armenian	30
Slovak	160
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	135
Somali	0
Taiwanese	50
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	45
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	45
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35
Algonquin	50
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	185
South African	175
Australian	370
Palestinian	20
Chilean	55
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	90
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	35
Maltese	70
Macedonian	20
Slovenian	15
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	110
New Brunswicker	10
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	15
African Canadian	0
Israeli	25
Mohawk	55
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	150
Bulgarian	75
Albertan	80
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	15
African American	65
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	145
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30
Cuban	20
Bosnian	20
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	95
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	70
Laotian	0
Ilocano	20
Northern Irish	100
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	165
British Columbian	495
Ecuadorian	15
Franco Ontarian	10
Argentinian	0
Estonian	80
Kurdish	0
Fijian	20
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50
Coptic	0
Thai	45
Dominican	0
Nepali	20
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	35
Byelorussian	10
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	15
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	30
New Zealander	205
Sudanese	0
Breton	20
Pennsylvania Dutch	35
Malaysian	40
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	50
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	15
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	30
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	30
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	15
Mayan	40
Honduran	30
Cherokee	105
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	25
United Empire Loyalist	20
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	10
Mongolian	10
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	30
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	25
Costa Rican	30
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	71,115
Buddhist	295
Christian	23,205
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,750
Anabaptist	180
Anglican	3,410
Baptist	900
Catholic	6,865
Christian Orthodox	260
Jehovah's Witness	325
Latter Day Saints	130
Lutheran	730
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	120
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	560
Presbyterian	415
Reformed	30
United Church	3,200
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,320
Hindu	160
Jewish	195
Muslim	160
Sikh	215
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	95
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,115
No religion and secular perspectives	45,675
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	70,595
Non-movers	61,745
Movers	8,855
Non-migrants	3,650
Migrants	5,200
Internal migrants	4,860
Intraprovincial migrants	3,560
Interprovincial migrants	1,300
External migrants	345
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	68,310
Non-movers	38,050
Movers	30,255
Non-migrants	6,645
Migrants	23,610
Internal migrants	22,205
Intraprovincial migrants	17,200
Interprovincial migrants	5,005
External migrants	1,405
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,210
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,480
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	51,730
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,595
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,820
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	31,775
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,210
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,840
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,545
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,785
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,225
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,655
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,575
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,725
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,830
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,760
Bachelor's degree	8,535
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,055
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	470
Master's degree	3,245
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	455
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,590
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,935
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,290
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,365
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,320
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,915
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,675
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,240
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,205
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,200
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,045
Bachelor's degree	5,760
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	670
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	330
Master's degree	2,110
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	175
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,660
Education	3,160
13. Education	3,160
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,490
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105
50. Visual and performing arts	1,380
Humanities	1,565
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145
23. English language and literature/letters	445
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	395
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	80
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95
39. Theology and religious vocations	140
54. History	215
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,320
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	305
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	575
22. Legal professions and studies	400
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75
42. Psychology	640
45. Social sciences	1,260
Business, management and public administration	5,715
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	680
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,025
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,430
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	630
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	235
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30
40. Physical sciences	465
41. Science technologies/technicians	75
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	695
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	460
25. Library science	105
27. Mathematics and statistics	105
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,685
04. Architecture and related services	150
14. Engineering	875
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,320
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,905
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,730
48. Precision production	710
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,425
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	745
03. Natural resources and conservation	680
Health and related fields	6,440
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	415
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,885
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,615
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,415
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95
43. Security and protective services	340
49. Transportation and materials moving	750
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	35,595
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,225
Education	1,580
13. Education	1,580
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,040
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60
50. Visual and performing arts	980
Humanities	900
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75
23. English language and literature/letters	225
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	235
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75
39. Theology and religious vocations	90
54. History	120
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,250
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	240
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	395
22. Legal professions and studies	245
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60
42. Psychology	425
45. Social sciences	835
Business, management and public administration	3,810
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	465
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,340
Physical and life sciences and technologies	950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	405
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25
40. Physical sciences	290
41. Science technologies/technicians	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	455
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	345
25. Library science	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	55
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,170
04. Architecture and related services	85
14. Engineering	575
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	795
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,245
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,045
48. Precision production	425
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,060
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	540
03. Natural resources and conservation	520
Health and related fields	4,375
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	310
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,950
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,780
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,030
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20
43. Security and protective services	240
49. Transportation and materials moving	470
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	35,595
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,225
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	22,370
Location of study inside Canada	19,985
Same as province or territory of residence	13,725
Different than province or territory of residence	6,255
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,385
Americas	665
United States of America	605
Mexico	10
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	45
Europe	880
Belgium	0
France	45
Germany	100
Netherlands	30
Switzerland	35
Hungary	10
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	25
Romania	10
Russian Federation	10
Ukraine	25
Ireland⁹⁶	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	445
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	15
Serbia⁸⁶	10
Other locations of study in Europe	85
Africa	70
Nigeria	15
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	30
Other locations of study in Africa	20
Asia	560
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	10
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	45
Taiwan	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	35
Korea, South⁹²	75
Philippines	190
Viet Nam	35
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	115
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	20
Oceania	205
Australia	155
New Zealand	50
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	61,210
In the labour force	34,120
Employed	31,400
Unemployed	2,715
Not in the labour force	27,090
Participation rate	55.7
Employment rate	51.3
Unemployment rate	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	61,205
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,545
Worked	34,665
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	15,635
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	19,030
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	34,115
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	610
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	33,505
Employee	26,170
Permanent position	21,430
Temporary position	4,745
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,335
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,405
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,335
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	34,115
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	610
All occupations¹⁹¹	33,505
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	295
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,265
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,095
3 Health occupations	3,240
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,485
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,375
6 Sales and service occupations	8,865
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,355
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,800
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	740
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	34,115
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	610
All industries¹⁹¹	33,505
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,820
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	380
22 Utilities	155
23 Construction	3,405
31-33 Manufacturing	1,040
41 Wholesale trade	575
44-45 Retail trade	4,470
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,340
51 Information and cultural industries	425
52 Finance and insurance	745
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	535
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,390
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,445
61 Educational services	2,305
62 Health care and social assistance	4,970
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	925
72 Accommodation and food services	2,330
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,470
91 Public administration	2,750
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	37,380
English	36,350
French	130
Non-official language	50
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	50
English and French	550
English and non-official language(s)	285
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	37,380
Single responses	37,305
Official languages	37,195
English	37,010
French	190
Non-official languages	110
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	110
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	35
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	20
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	20
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30
Chinese languages	30
Hakka	0
Mandarin	15
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	75
English and French	50
English and non-official language(s)	25
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	37,380
None	36,605
English	115
French	445
Non-official language	195
Indigenous³⁹	20
Non-Indigenous	180
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	31,400
Worked at home	5,625
Worked outside Canada	75
No fixed workplace address	5,590
Usual place of work	20,115
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	20,110
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,325
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,785
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,725
Commute to a different province or territory	275
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	25,700
Car, truck or van	21,985
Car, truck or van - as a driver	20,415
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,570
Public transit	495
Walked	1,465
Bicycle	785
Other method	970
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	25,700
Less than 15 minutes	12,415
15 to 29 minutes	8,555
30 to 44 minutes	2,330
45 to 59 minutes	905
60 minutes and over	1,495
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	25,700
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,285
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,910
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,540
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,695
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,000
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,270
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	12,160
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,260
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,900
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,155
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	965
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	585
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	380
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,190

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table