Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Powell River, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	21,496	...	...
Population, 2016¹	20,070	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	11,921	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	10,057	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	5,067.89	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	21,495	10,600	10,895
0 to 14 years	2,610	1,370	1,235
0 to 4 years	735	360	370
5 to 9 years	915	505	410
10 to 14 years	960	505	455
15 to 64 years	12,090	5,875	6,215
15 to 19 years	915	455	460
20 to 24 years	705	350	350
25 to 29 years	840	445	400
30 to 34 years	1,015	500	515
35 to 39 years	1,175	560	620
40 to 44 years	1,110	525	585
45 to 49 years	1,090	530	560
50 to 54 years	1,305	655	655
55 to 59 years	1,790	845	940
60 to 64 years	2,145	1,010	1,135
65 years and over	6,800	3,355	3,445
65 to 69 years	2,175	1,055	1,120
70 to 74 years	1,935	1,035	900
75 to 79 years	1,205	600	610
80 to 84 years	760	375	380
85 years and over	730	290	440
85 to 89 years	450	195	250
90 to 94 years	220	80	140
95 to 99 years	55	10	40
100 years and over	10	0	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.1	12.9	11.3
15 to 64 years	56.2	55.4	57.0
65 years and over	31.6	31.7	31.6
85 years and over	3.4	2.7	4.0
Average age of the population	49.6	49.0	50.1
Median age of the population	54.8	54.4	55.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	10,055	...	...
Single-detached house	7,770	...	...
Semi-detached house	295	...	...
Row house	130	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	350	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	955	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	20	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	495	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	10,055	...	...
1 person	3,525	...	...
2 persons	4,100	...	...
3 persons	1,140	...	...
4 persons	820	...	...
5 or more persons	475	...	...
Number of persons in private households	21,060	10,390	10,670
Average household size	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	18,890	9,230	9,660
Married or living common-law	11,190	5,605	5,580
Married	8,625	4,315	4,310
Living common-law	2,560	1,285	1,270
Living common law - Never married	1,640	840	795
Living common law - Separated	130	65	60
Living common law - Divorced	700	345	360
Living common law - Widowed	95	35	60
Not married and not living common-law	7,700	3,620	4,080
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,180	2,325	1,855
Not married and not living common law - Separated	550	260	290
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,610	690	920
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,360	345	1,010
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,305	...	...
2 persons	4,245	...	...
3 persons	1,020	...	...
4 persons	735	...	...
5 or more persons	310	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,305	...	...
Total couple families	5,445	...	...
Married couples	4,170	...	...
With children⁶	1,355	...	...
Without children	2,810	...	...
Common-law couples	1,275	...	...
With children⁶	425	...	...
Without children	855	...	...
Total one-parent families	860	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	635	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	220	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	21,060	10,395	10,670
Total - Persons in census families	16,130	8,075	8,050
Married spouses or common-law partners	10,895	5,455	5,435
Parents in one-parent families	860	225	640
Children⁶	4,375	2,400	1,980
In a two-parent family	3,140	1,715	1,420
In a one-parent family	1,235	680	560
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,935	2,315	2,615
Living alone	3,520	1,645	1,875
Living with other relatives⁷	430	165	260
Living with non-relatives only	985	505	480
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	10,060	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,590	...	...
Couple-family households	4,940	...	...
With children⁶	1,585	...	...
Without children	3,365	...	...
One-parent-family households	645	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	205	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	50	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	325	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	370	...	...
One-person households	3,520	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	18,465	9,025	9,435
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,075	8,845	9,225
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,400	31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,090	8,855	9,235
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,600	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,700	7,785	7,915
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,200	31,200	21,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,530	5,280	5,250
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,600	33,600	24,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,895	7,610	8,285
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,200	15,100	13,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,650	860	790
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	6,120	5,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,025	1,960	2,065
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	18,450	9,025	9,425
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,025	8,845	9,180
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,960	49,800	38,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,055	8,860	9,195
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,720	43,200	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,640	7,765	7,875
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,840	43,240	30,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,535	5,275	5,255
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,240	44,520	31,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,860	7,630	8,230
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,640	13,720	13,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,735	875	860
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,940	7,540	6,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,110	2,060	2,050
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,250	8,930	9,570
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	18,450	9,025	9,425
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,755	1,985	1,770
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	64,500	51,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,800	71,400	55,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,080	2,450	2,630
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	21,200	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,040	31,760	22,620
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	72.8	76.2	68.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	50.9	53.3	47.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	27.3	23.8	31.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.5	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.3	5.3	7.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.2	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	18,460	9,030	9,435
Without total income	390	180	210
With total income	18,070	8,845	9,230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,490	580	910
$10,000 to $19,999	2,515	1,010	1,505
$20,000 to $29,999	3,370	1,450	1,920
$30,000 to $39,999	2,820	1,330	1,485
$40,000 to $49,999	2,220	1,125	1,100
$50,000 to $59,999	1,690	905	790
$60,000 to $69,999	1,130	635	495
$70,000 to $79,999	745	440	305
$80,000 to $89,999	565	370	195
$90,000 to $99,999	420	245	175
$100,000 and over	1,105	760	345
$100,000 to $149,999	785	530	255
$150,000 and over	320	230	90
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	18,460	9,030	9,435
Without after-tax income	375	170	205
With after-tax income	18,090	8,855	9,230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,565	610	950
$10,000 to $19,999	2,615	1,040	1,575
$20,000 to $29,999	3,755	1,625	2,130
$30,000 to $39,999	3,145	1,500	1,650
$40,000 to $49,999	2,495	1,340	1,155
$50,000 to $59,999	1,555	850	705
$60,000 to $69,999	985	595	390
$70,000 to $79,999	660	410	250
$80,000 to $89,999	475	300	180
$90,000 to $99,999	270	180	95
$100,000 and over	560	400	165
$100,000 to $124,999	305	220	90
$125,000 and over	250	185	70
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	18,460	9,030	9,435
Without employment income	7,930	3,745	4,180
With employment income	10,535	5,280	5,255
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,985	920	1,065
$5,000 to $9,999	895	400	490
$10,000 to $19,999	1,415	625	790
$20,000 to $29,999	1,100	515	590
$30,000 to $39,999	1,075	480	595
$40,000 to $49,999	900	435	470
$50,000 to $59,999	780	390	390
$60,000 to $69,999	625	355	265
$70,000 to $79,999	405	255	150
$80,000 to $89,999	340	215	120
$90,000 to $99,999	275	160	115
$100,000 and over	740	525	210
$100,000 to $124,999	410	275	135
$125,000 and over	330	255	75
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	18,465	9,025	9,435
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,715	8,670	9,050
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,600	28,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,770	8,680	9,090
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	36,000	26,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,675	7,765	7,905
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,000	33,200	23,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,000	6,165	5,840
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,000	29,400	23,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,685	6,310	7,380
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,800	13,400	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,385	705	685
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	5,000	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	18,450	9,025	9,425
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,695	8,655	9,040
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,240	49,600	35,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,730	8,670	9,060
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,640	42,400	31,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,630	7,745	7,885
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,080	46,040	30,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,010	6,135	5,870
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,120	42,560	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,580	6,205	7,375
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,180	11,740	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,430	705	725
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,460	6,210	6,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	18,450	9,025	9,425
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,770	2,005	1,760
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	62,400	47,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,200	68,800	50,360
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,850	2,330	2,520
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	28,800	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,480	41,040	26,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.6	83.0	75.2
Employment income (%)	58.0	60.8	54.3
Government transfers (%)	20.3	17.0	24.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	10,055	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,520	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,535	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	10,060	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,520	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,535	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	10,055	...	...
Under $5,000	100	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	120	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	330	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	685	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	450	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	475	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	500	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	530	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	480	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	935	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	745	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	650	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	545	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	955	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	610	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	620	...	...
$200,000 and over	435	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	10,055	...	...
Under $5,000	110	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	130	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	335	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	705	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	535	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	530	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	585	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	565	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	565	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,010	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	935	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	775	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	665	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	525	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,025	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	890	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	515	...	...
$150,000 and over	625	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,250	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,460	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,805	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	805	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,510	2,150	2,360
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	34,000	31,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	32,000	29,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,240	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,435	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,860	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	760	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,590	2,195	2,395
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,120	44,600	36,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	39,240	33,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	21,065	10,390	10,670
0 to 17 years	3,160	1,640	1,520
0 to 5 years	900	450	445
18 to 64 years	11,390	5,515	5,870
65 years and over	6,510	3,240	3,275
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,020	1,405	1,615
0 to 17 years	460	225	235
0 to 5 years	155	65	85
18 to 64 years	1,515	740	775
65 years and over	1,045	440	605
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.3	13.5	15.1
0 to 17 years (%)	14.6	13.7	15.5
0 to 5 years (%)	17.2	14.4	19.6
18 to 64 years (%)	13.3	13.4	13.2
65 years and over (%)	16.1	13.6	18.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	20,245	9,990	10,255
0 to 17 years	3,000	1,555	1,445
0 to 5 years	850	430	415
18 to 64 years	10,910	5,285	5,625
65 years and over	6,330	3,145	3,185
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	620	315	300
0 to 17 years	95	50	45
0 to 5 years	10	5	10
18 to 64 years	440	225	215
65 years and over	85	35	45
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.2	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.3	3.0
0 to 5 years (%)	1.2	1.2	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.3	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.2	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	21,060	10,390	10,670
In bottom half of the distribution	12,795	6,180	6,610
In bottom decile	2,725	1,285	1,440
In second decile	2,650	1,255	1,390
In third decile	2,685	1,290	1,395
In fourth decile	2,485	1,250	1,235
In fifth decile	2,245	1,095	1,150
In top half of the distribution	8,265	4,210	4,055
In sixth decile	2,055	1,030	1,025
In seventh decile	1,845	940	905
In eighth decile	1,660	845	810
In ninth decile	1,535	785	755
In top decile	1,170	610	560
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	21,060	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.310	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.467	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.278	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	21,295	10,520	10,775
English only	19,670	9,770	9,895
French only	5	5	0
English and French	1,575	730	850
Neither English nor French	50	15	30
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	21,295	10,520	10,775
English	20,775	10,280	10,500
French	450	215	240
English and French	25	15	10
Neither English nor French	40	15	25
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	21,295	10,520	10,775
Single responses	20,975	10,365	10,610
Official languages	19,375	9,695	9,675
English	18,895	9,475	9,420
French	475	215	255
Non-official languages	1,600	675	930
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	15	10	10
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	10	10	5
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous languages	1,580	665	915
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	20	25
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	25	10	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	15	10	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	75	25	55
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	20	45
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,145	505	640
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	155	65	90
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	155	65	90
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	20	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	50	20	30
Russian	40	10	30
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	5	5	5
Serbian	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5
Ukrainian	15	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	555	255	300
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	265	120	145
German	250	115	130
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	15	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	220	105	110
Afrikaans	35	20	15
Dutch	175	80	90
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0
Scandinavian languages	65	25	40
Danish	30	10	25
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	10	10
Swedish	15	5	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages	75	35	40
Indo-Aryan languages	70	35	40
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	25	15	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	20
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	340	140	200
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	230	100	130
Portuguese	15	5	5
Romanian	5	0	5
Spanish	85	30	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	40	10	30
Korean	40	15	30
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	0
American Sign Language	5	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	45	70
Chinese languages	115	45	65
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	30	45
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	20	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	20
Lao	5	5	0
Thai	20	5	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	20	30
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	15	5	5
Hungarian	30	15	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	320	150	165
English and French	95	50	45
English and non-official language(s)	200	90	110
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	21,295	10,520	10,775
English	19,755	9,810	9,940
French	65	35	35
Non-official language	190	90	105
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	190	85	105
English and French	265	140	130
English and non-official language(s)	950	410	540
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	35	20
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	21,295	10,520	10,775
Single responses	21,100	10,440	10,660
Official languages	20,675	10,245	10,430
English	20,545	10,175	10,370
French	130	70	60
Non-official languages	425	200	230
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	425	195	230
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	20	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	20	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	240	105	130
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	15	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35	15	20
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	10	5
Russian	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	75	35	35
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	30	15	20
German	25	15	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	20
Afrikaans	30	15	15
Dutch	5	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	25	30
Indo-Aryan languages	55	25	25
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	10	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	15	20
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	30	40
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	45	20	30
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	0
Spanish	20	5	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	5
Korean	25	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	5
American Sign Language	10	10	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	25	30
Chinese languages	50	25	30
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	15	25
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	5
Hungarian	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	195	75	115
English and French	45	15	25
English and non-official language(s)	145	55	85
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	21,295	10,520	10,775
None	20,190	10,000	10,185
English	260	130	135
French	165	95	70
Non-official language	585	250	335
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	10
Non-Indigenous	570	245	325
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	40	25	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	21,060	10,400	10,660
Official languages	20,980	10,375	10,605
English	20,975	10,375	10,600
French	1,535	655	880
Non-official languages	2,450	1,015	1,440
Indigenous languages³⁹	165	70	100
Algonquian languages	0	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	10	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	105	45	60
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	15	0	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	90	40	50
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,285	945	1,340
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	25	40
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	65	25	40
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	35	15	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	10
Maltese	25	10	15
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	115	60	60
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	10	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	45	55
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	10	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,660	690	970
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	160	70	85
Baltic languages	10	10	0
Latvian	10	10	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	160	75	85
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	20	15	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	50	25	25
Russian	60	15	45
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10
Ukrainian	25	0	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	600	270	330
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	345	155	185
German	345	155	185
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	200	90	110
Afrikaans	45	25	20
Dutch	145	65	80
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10
Scandinavian languages	80	40	40
Danish	20	15	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0
Swedish	50	20	35
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	110	40	70
Indo-Aryan languages	90	35	55
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	10
Hindi	60	20	40
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	20	30
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	0	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	0	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	825	325	495
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	270	105	165
Portuguese	35	10	25
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	570	240	330
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	50	15	40
Korean	95	25	65
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	25	10	15
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	20	30
American Sign Language	40	20	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	60	70
Chinese languages	120	50	65
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	90	40	45
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	15	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	20
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	30	10	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	60	25	35
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	10	10	0
Hungarian	50	0	35
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	21,060	10,400	10,665
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,805	845	960
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,765	825	940
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,190	585	605
Métis	555	235	320
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	15
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	15	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	10	10
Non-Indigenous identity	19,255	9,550	9,705
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	21,060	10,400	10,665
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	995	480	515
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	20,065	9,920	10,145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	10,060	...	...
Owner	7,755	...	...
Renter	2,210	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	90	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	10,060	...	...
Condominium	510	...	...
Not condominium	9,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	10,060	...	...
No bedrooms	80	...	...
1 bedroom	1,375	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,890	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,350	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,360	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	10,060	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,755	...	...
5 rooms	1,665	...	...
6 rooms	1,565	...	...
7 rooms	1,290	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,780	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	10,060	...	...
One person or fewer per room	9,940	...	...
More than one person per room	115	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	10,060	...	...
Suitable	9,715	...	...
Not suitable	340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	10,060	...	...
1960 or before	2,880	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,060	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,085	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,350	...	...
2001 to 2005	345	...	...
2006 to 2010	500	...	...
2011 to 2015	315	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	505	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	10,060	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	9,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	950	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	10,060	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,345	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,375	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	335	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	10,060	...	...
15 to 24 years	165	...	...
25 to 34 years	820	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,210	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,265	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,315	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,495	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,405	...	...
85 years and over	375	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	9,660	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,855	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,805	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	10,060	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,835	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,595	...	...
Not suitable only	260	...	...
Major repairs needed only	710	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	190	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	7,230	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	9,515	...	...
In core need	1,070	...	...
Not in core need	8,445	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,490	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	45.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	665	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	988	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	476,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	518,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,170	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	890	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	987	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	90	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	376	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	410	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	21,065	10,400	10,665
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	805	380	420
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	795	375	420
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	705	355	350
Métis single ancestry	80	15	60
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,245	610	630
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,220	595	625
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	860	425	435
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	345	170	175
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	30	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	19,015	9,405	9,610
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	21,065	10,395	10,665
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	20,360	10,095	10,265
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,100	1,635	1,460
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	17,255	8,460	8,800
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	705	300	400
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	21,065	10,395	10,665
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	18,220	9,140	9,075
Immigrants⁸¹	2,745	1,215	1,530
Before 1980	1,530	725	805
1980 to 1990	305	130	175
1991 to 2000	215	80	135
2001 to 2010	250	75	175
2011 to 2021⁸²	440	200	235
2011 to 2015	170	85	85
2016 to 2021	265	120	150
Non-permanent residents⁸³	105	50	60
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,745	1,215	1,530
Under 5 years	300	150	145
5 to 14 years	500	225	270
15 to 24 years	725	265	460
25 to 44 years	985	465	515
45 years and over	230	95	140
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,745	1,215	1,530
Americas	555	235	320
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	15	10	10
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	10
Mexico	30	10	25
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	445	180	260
Other places of birth in Americas	50	35	10
Europe	1,600	735	860
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	45	15	30
Germany	165	75	95
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	35	10	25
Italy	160	75	85
Netherlands	135	55	80
Poland	35	20	20
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	0	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	795	385	410
Other places of birth in Europe	175	85	90
Africa	100	50	50
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	10	10	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	40	20	20
Other places of birth in Africa	40	20	20
Asia	420	160	260
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	80	40	40
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	60	15	40
Taiwan	10	0	10
Philippines	100	40	65
Viet Nam	20	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	50	20	25
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	30	50
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	65	25	45
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	270	115	150
Americas	70	25	45
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	15	10	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	45	15	30
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	45	15	30
France	10	0	10
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	15
Africa	25	10	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10
Asia	125	65	60
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	55	35	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	50	25	25
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	21,060	10,400	10,660
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,085	1,395	1,695
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,350	2,190	2,165
Third generation or more¹⁰²	13,625	6,820	6,810
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,210	490	720
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	655	285	370
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	280	145	135
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	375	135	240
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	490	175	315
Refugees¹⁰⁸	65	35	25
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,210	490	720
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	295	130	165
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	70	35	40
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	65	15	45
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	765	300	455
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	21,060	10,400	10,660
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,055	460	595
South Asian	155	75	85
Chinese	250	115	135
Black	80	40	45
Filipino	155	70	90
Arab	25	15	10
Latin American	105	40	65
Southeast Asian	50	15	35
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	80	30	50
Japanese	95	35	60
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	10	0
Multiple visible minorities	35	15	20
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	20,005	9,940	10,065
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	21,065	10,400	10,660
Canadian	2,485	1,390	1,095
English	6,765	3,290	3,480
Irish	4,020	1,890	2,135
Scottish	5,395	2,575	2,825
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,335	1,095	1,240
German	2,790	1,300	1,495
Chinese	285	145	140
Italian	1,245	710	535
Indian (India)	55	30	30
Ukrainian	1,010	460	550
Dutch	1,045	505	545
Polish	660	320	345
Québécois	60	20	35
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,245	680	565
Filipino	140	60	75
French Canadian	270	120	150
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	460	215	245
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	875	435	435
Métis	455	210	245
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	450	210	235
Russian	425	220	215
Norwegian	800	380	420
Welsh	820	380	440
Portuguese	55	25	30
American	345	190	160
Spanish	110	65	50
Swedish	900	375	525
Hungarian	230	100	140
Acadian	55	25	25
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	25	15	10
Jewish	120	50	65
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	60	20	40
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	0	20
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	90	65	30
Korean	95	30	65
Romanian	115	30	80
Lebanese	20	15	0
Iranian	0	0	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	20	10	10
Danish	365	200	165
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	110	45	65
Sikh	15	0	15
Austrian	165	90	75
Belgian	80	30	50
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	35	15	20
Mexican	60	25	35
Mennonite	65	20	50
Swiss	120	60	65
Finnish	220	110	120
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	50	20	25
Japanese	95	35	60
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	10	15
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	50	30	20
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	295	130	165
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	30	20	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	60	25	30
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	160	95	65
Colombian	35	10	20
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	90	55	35
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	20	10	0
Newfoundlander	50	35	20
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	20	10	10
Persian	20	10	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	15	25
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	30	20	10
Nigerian	10	0	10
Armenian	10	10	0
Slovak	15	10	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	75	30	45
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	30	15	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	10	0
Lithuanian	55	35	20
South African	40	10	25
Australian	85	35	50
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	15	10	10
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	20	10	10
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	125	55	65
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	15	30
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	20	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	0	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	30	0	25
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	10	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	20	15
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	50	25	20
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	20	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	15	10	10
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	20	10
British Columbian	145	85	65
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0
Argentinian	15	0	10
Estonian	20	10	10
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	35	10	20
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	10
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0
New Zealander	45	30	15
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	10	10	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	15	15	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	30	15	15
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	10	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	15	15	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	21,060	10,400	10,665
Buddhist	105	40	55
Christian	7,205	3,235	3,970
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,515	710	805
Anabaptist	20	10	15
Anglican	775	365	410
Baptist	310	130	180
Catholic	2,485	1,180	1,305
Christian Orthodox	50	20	30
Jehovah's Witness	270	115	160
Latter Day Saints	60	15	45
Lutheran	225	70	150
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	25	0	20
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	205	95	110
Presbyterian	60	35	30
Reformed	30	10	20
United Church	770	300	470
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	405	175	230
Hindu	75	40	30
Jewish	45	20	20
Muslim	25	10	15
Sikh	35	10	25
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	60	30	35
Other religions and spiritual traditions	240	95	140
No religion and secular perspectives	13,280	6,915	6,365
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	20,945	10,330	10,610
Non-movers	18,475	9,215	9,260
Movers	2,470	1,115	1,350
Non-migrants	1,245	560	685
Migrants	1,225	560	665
Internal migrants	1,110	495	620
Intraprovincial migrants	920	380	540
Interprovincial migrants	190	115	75
External migrants	110	65	50
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	20,310	10,015	10,290
Non-movers	12,280	6,150	6,125
Movers	8,030	3,870	4,160
Non-migrants	2,600	1,175	1,425
Migrants	5,430	2,690	2,740
Internal migrants	5,160	2,590	2,575
Intraprovincial migrants	4,510	2,230	2,275
Interprovincial migrants	650	355	295
External migrants	270	105	165
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,450	9,025	9,425
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,625	2,115	1,510
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,820	6,905	7,915
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,340	4,980	5,360
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,480	895	580
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,860	4,085	4,775
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,450	9,025	9,425
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,020	1,700	1,325
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,740	2,605	3,130
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,690	4,720	4,970
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,725	3,465	3,260
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,455	1,845	620
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	990	555	430
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,470	1,285	185
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,605	1,420	2,185
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	660	200	460
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,965	1,255	1,710
Bachelor's degree	1,790	705	1,080
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	265	110	160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	55	35
Master's degree	645	305	340
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	180	85	95
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,335	4,985	5,355
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,145	670	470
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,120	1,490	1,630
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,075	2,815	3,260
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,270	2,120	2,150
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,525	1,115	405
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	630	340	290
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	895	780	120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,325	880	1,445
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	420	120	300
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,800	700	1,105
Bachelor's degree	1,130	420	710
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	130	55	75
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	65	35	25
Master's degree	380	150	230
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	105	40	65
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	18,450	9,025	9,420
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,760	4,305	4,455
Education	810	210	595
13. Education	810	210	595
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	440	200	245
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	20	15
50. Visual and performing arts	400	175	225
Humanities	445	155	290
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	15	35
23. English language and literature/letters	145	35	110
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	110	50	65
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	35	25
54. History	30	15	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	885	315	575
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	25	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	20	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	175	0	165
22. Legal professions and studies	150	50	100
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	10	15
42. Psychology	200	70	130
45. Social sciences	250	130	115
Business, management and public administration	1,215	335	880
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	125	20	105
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,095	315	775
Physical and life sciences and technologies	275	145	130
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	150	80	70
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	20	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	60	40	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	210	125	85
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	145	90	55
25. Library science	30	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	25	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,440	2,275	170
04. Architecture and related services	35	25	15
14. Engineering	190	175	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	390	350	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	760	735	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	680	645	35
48. Precision production	385	355	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	335	225	115
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	175	95	75
03. Natural resources and conservation	160	125	40
Health and related fields	1,705	260	1,440
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	80	40	35
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,610	215	1,395
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	925	475	455
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	570	170	400
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	90	80	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	255	215	40
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,340	4,985	5,360
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,265	2,165	2,100
Education	355	75	275
13. Education	355	75	275
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	255	115	135
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	0
50. Visual and performing arts	220	95	130
Humanities	280	90	190
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	10	25
23. English language and literature/letters	100	20	75
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	80	30	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	25	10
54. History	10	0	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	550	165	380
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	20	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	120	0	120
22. Legal professions and studies	105	25	85
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0
42. Psychology	105	25	80
45. Social sciences	150	85	70
Business, management and public administration	775	220	555
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	85	10	70
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	695	210	480
Physical and life sciences and technologies	160	75	85
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	85	45	40
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	10	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	30	10	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	110	65	50
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	100	60	40
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,460	1,335	125
04. Architecture and related services	20	10	10
14. Engineering	110	95	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	225	200	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	465	445	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	420	395	25
48. Precision production	215	190	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	225	155	80
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	120	70	45
03. Natural resources and conservation	110	80	30
Health and related fields	1,205	190	1,015
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	50	20	30
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,140	160	980
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	700	335	365
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	440	120	320
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	80	65	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	190	150	35
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,340	4,985	5,360
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,265	2,165	2,100
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,075	2,815	3,255
Location of study inside Canada	5,435	2,545	2,890
Same as province or territory of residence	4,515	2,110	2,410
Different than province or territory of residence	920	435	485
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	640	270	365
Americas	255	115	140
United States of America	215	105	110
Mexico	25	10	15
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	10
Europe	190	80	115
Belgium	0	0	0
France	10	10	0
Germany	15	0	10
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0	10
Ukraine	15	0	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	110	45	65
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	40	20	20
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	15	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	15
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	130	40	90
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	15	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15
Philippines	40	10	25
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	15	10	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10
Oceania	20	15	0
Australia	15	10	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	18,450	9,025	9,425
In the labour force	9,280	4,650	4,625
Employed	8,415	4,210	4,195
Unemployed	865	435	430
Not in the labour force	9,175	4,375	4,800
Participation rate	50.3	51.5	49.1
Employment rate	45.6	46.6	44.5
Unemployment rate	9.3	9.4	9.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	18,450	9,025	9,420
Did not work¹⁸⁶	9,065	4,290	4,780
Worked	9,380	4,740	4,645
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,945	2,095	1,850
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,440	2,645	2,795
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.0	38.2	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	9,275	4,655	4,625
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	195	100	95
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,080	4,550	4,530
Employee	7,010	3,285	3,730
Permanent position	5,770	2,800	2,970
Temporary position	1,240	480	760
Fixed term (1 year or more)	280	115	165
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	960	365	595
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,075	1,270	805
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	9,275	4,655	4,625
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	195	100	95
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,080	4,550	4,530
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	80	40	35
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,115	175	935
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	325	285	40
3 Health occupations	925	195	730
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,175	320	850
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	380	160	220
6 Sales and service occupations	2,210	895	1,310
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,025	1,815	215
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	480	350	130
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	370	310	65
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	9,275	4,655	4,625
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	195	100	95
All industries¹⁹¹	9,080	4,550	4,530
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	500	380	120
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	120	95	25
22 Utilities	70	50	15
23 Construction	965	865	100
31-33 Manufacturing	525	415	110
41 Wholesale trade	130	95	40
44-45 Retail trade	1,185	550	630
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	490	315	170
51 Information and cultural industries	100	50	50
52 Finance and insurance	185	30	160
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	145	60	85
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	485	245	240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	365	235	125
61 Educational services	550	165	380
62 Health care and social assistance	1,590	290	1,300
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	260	100	160
72 Accommodation and food services	615	220	395
81 Other services (except public administration)	410	210	200
91 Public administration	380	175	210
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,355	5,195	5,160
English	10,095	5,095	5,000
French	30	10	25
Non-official language	15	0	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	0	10
English and French	95	50	50
English and non-official language(s)	115	35	75
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,355	5,195	5,160
Single responses	10,325	5,185	5,140
Official languages	10,300	5,170	5,125
English	10,250	5,155	5,100
French	55	20	30
Non-official languages	25	10	15
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	15	15
English and French	10	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,355	5,195	5,160
None	10,170	5,125	5,050
English	30	10	15
French	65	35	30
Non-official language	85	15	65
Indigenous³⁹	25	0	20
Non-Indigenous	60	10	45
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	8,410	4,215	4,195
Worked at home	1,295	585	720
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	1,640	1,235	410
Usual place of work	5,470	2,405	3,065
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,470	2,400	3,065
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,895	1,670	2,230
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,210	515	705
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	340	210	135
Commute to a different province or territory	15	15	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,105	3,635	3,475
Car, truck or van	6,225	3,210	3,015
Car, truck or van - as a driver	5,745	2,965	2,775
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	480	240	240
Public transit	115	65	55
Walked	465	185	280
Bicycle	125	60	65
Other method	175	115	55
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,105	3,635	3,475
Less than 15 minutes	4,390	2,035	2,360
15 to 29 minutes	1,775	955	820
30 to 44 minutes	550	325	225
45 to 59 minutes	120	100	25
60 minutes and over	270	220	50
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,105	3,635	3,475
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	485	345	140
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,075	645	430
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,520	840	680
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,985	845	1,145
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,105	490	620
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	935	475	460
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,225	1,675	1,550
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	370	195	175
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,855	1,475	1,380
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,420	1,280	1,145
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	295	160	135
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	190	100	90
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	105	60	45
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,125	1,120	1,010

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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