Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Sunshine Coast, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	32,170	...	...
Population, 2016¹	29,970	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	17,982	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	14,935	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	8.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,767.43	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	32,170	15,550	16,625
0 to 14 years	3,810	1,990	1,820
0 to 4 years	1,110	585	530
5 to 9 years	1,300	685	615
10 to 14 years	1,400	725	675
15 to 64 years	17,660	8,455	9,205
15 to 19 years	1,135	555	580
20 to 24 years	1,005	535	465
25 to 29 years	1,040	540	505
30 to 34 years	1,510	700	810
35 to 39 years	1,730	805	925
40 to 44 years	1,765	865	905
45 to 49 years	1,685	860	830
50 to 54 years	2,000	945	1,055
55 to 59 years	2,585	1,180	1,405
60 to 64 years	3,205	1,475	1,725
65 years and over	10,695	5,095	5,595
65 to 69 years	3,415	1,640	1,775
70 to 74 years	2,995	1,435	1,560
75 to 79 years	2,110	1,045	1,060
80 to 84 years	1,130	535	595
85 years and over	1,050	440	610
85 to 89 years	665	300	365
90 to 94 years	295	110	185
95 to 99 years	80	30	50
100 years and over	10	0	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.8	12.8	10.9
15 to 64 years	54.9	54.4	55.4
65 years and over	33.2	32.8	33.7
85 years and over	3.3	2.8	3.7
Average age of the population	50.4	49.6	51.2
Median age of the population	56.0	54.8	56.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	14,935	...	...
Single-detached house	11,920	...	...
Semi-detached house	300	...	...
Row house	540	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	475	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	945	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	150	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	600	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	14,935	...	...
1 person	4,960	...	...
2 persons	6,350	...	...
3 persons	1,665	...	...
4 persons	1,315	...	...
5 or more persons	640	...	...
Number of persons in private households	31,510	15,205	16,305
Average household size	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	28,360	13,555	14,800
Married or living common-law	17,415	8,675	8,735
Married	13,610	6,820	6,790
Living common-law	3,800	1,855	1,945
Living common law - Never married	2,440	1,190	1,250
Living common law - Separated	180	80	95
Living common law - Divorced	1,070	535	540
Living common law - Widowed	110	50	60
Not married and not living common-law	10,950	4,880	6,065
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,565	3,020	2,545
Not married and not living common law - Separated	860	395	470
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,570	1,020	1,545
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,950	445	1,505
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,635	...	...
2 persons	6,535	...	...
3 persons	1,540	...	...
4 persons	1,185	...	...
5 or more persons	380	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,635	...	...
Total couple families	8,435	...	...
Married couples	6,535	...	...
With children⁶	2,155	...	...
Without children	4,375	...	...
Common-law couples	1,900	...	...
With children⁶	560	...	...
Without children	1,335	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,205	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	910	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	295	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	31,510	15,205	16,305
Total - Persons in census families	24,420	12,070	12,350
Married spouses or common-law partners	16,870	8,380	8,490
Parents in one-parent families	1,205	295	905
Children⁶	6,350	3,400	2,955
In a two-parent family	4,655	2,485	2,175
In a one-parent family	1,690	915	775
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	7,090	3,135	3,955
Living alone	4,960	2,105	2,855
Living with other relatives⁷	600	245	360
Living with non-relatives only	1,525	785	745
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	14,935	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,525	...	...
Couple-family households	7,605	...	...
With children⁶	2,375	...	...
Without children	5,225	...	...
One-parent-family households	925	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	280	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	105	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	485	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	575	...	...
One-person households	4,960	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	27,725	13,225	14,500
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,230	12,965	14,265
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,400	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,255	12,980	14,270
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,800	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,660	11,835	12,830
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	37,200	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,780	8,260	8,525
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	37,600	25,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,105	10,595	12,515
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,800	14,100	13,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,800	760	1,035
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,840	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,160	2,740	3,415
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	27,725	13,225	14,500
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,245	12,985	14,260
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,560	58,850	43,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,285	13,005	14,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,920	49,080	37,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,795	11,875	12,920
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,680	53,050	35,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,780	8,255	8,525
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,040	53,600	34,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,015	10,500	12,515
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	12,730	12,860
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,760	720	1,035
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,460	6,740	6,260
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,915	2,620	3,295
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,320	9,170	9,430
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	27,725	13,225	14,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,270	3,550	2,715
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	70,500	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,800	81,900	63,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,750	3,400	4,345
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	20,000	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,720	35,560	23,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.6	82.6	73.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	53.6	57.9	48.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.4	17.5	26.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.6	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.0	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.1	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	27,720	13,225	14,495
Without total income	490	260	235
With total income	27,230	12,965	14,265
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,030	860	1,175
$10,000 to $19,999	3,365	1,370	1,990
$20,000 to $29,999	4,760	1,985	2,780
$30,000 to $39,999	3,795	1,610	2,180
$40,000 to $49,999	3,100	1,365	1,735
$50,000 to $59,999	2,440	1,140	1,300
$60,000 to $69,999	1,825	965	860
$70,000 to $79,999	1,430	785	645
$80,000 to $89,999	995	580	415
$90,000 to $99,999	845	525	320
$100,000 and over	2,650	1,780	870
$100,000 to $149,999	1,800	1,175	620
$150,000 and over	850	605	245
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	27,720	13,225	14,495
Without after-tax income	470	245	225
With after-tax income	27,255	12,980	14,275
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,230	930	1,305
$10,000 to $19,999	3,480	1,425	2,060
$20,000 to $29,999	5,310	2,215	3,100
$30,000 to $39,999	4,250	1,815	2,430
$40,000 to $49,999	3,475	1,595	1,880
$50,000 to $59,999	2,475	1,275	1,200
$60,000 to $69,999	1,780	970	805
$70,000 to $79,999	1,280	795	485
$80,000 to $89,999	875	530	345
$90,000 to $99,999	625	420	210
$100,000 and over	1,465	1,015	445
$100,000 to $124,999	790	540	250
$125,000 and over	680	475	200
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	27,720	13,225	14,495
Without employment income	10,940	4,960	5,980
With employment income	16,785	8,260	8,520
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,260	1,450	1,810
$5,000 to $9,999	1,475	640	835
$10,000 to $19,999	2,100	930	1,165
$20,000 to $29,999	1,500	635	860
$30,000 to $39,999	1,495	640	860
$40,000 to $49,999	1,285	555	730
$50,000 to $59,999	1,110	545	565
$60,000 to $69,999	955	520	440
$70,000 to $79,999	715	420	300
$80,000 to $89,999	590	350	235
$90,000 to $99,999	565	370	195
$100,000 and over	1,715	1,205	515
$100,000 to $124,999	815	515	300
$125,000 and over	900	690	210
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	27,725	13,225	14,500
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,710	12,725	13,985
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,000	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,770	12,735	14,030
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,200	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,545	11,745	12,795
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	38,800	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,165	8,900	9,270
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	34,800	24,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,565	8,630	10,940
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,400	12,600	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,375	590	785
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,640	5,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	27,725	13,225	14,500
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,770	12,810	13,960
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,960	57,550	41,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,825	12,815	14,015
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	47,800	35,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,610	11,775	12,835
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,840	54,450	36,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,180	8,935	9,245
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,440	51,450	33,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,515	8,670	10,845
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,600	11,000	10,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,275	505	770
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,200	6,720	7,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	27,725	13,225	14,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,175	3,500	2,680
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	69,000	52,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,500	79,000	59,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,490	3,270	4,225
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	26,200	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,200	44,400	28,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.2	87.0	80.6
Employment income (%)	58.8	62.4	54.3
Government transfers (%)	15.8	13.0	19.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.5	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	14,935	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,960	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,975	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	14,935	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,965	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,920	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	14,935	...	...
Under $5,000	180	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	170	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	375	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	765	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	645	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	565	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	610	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	640	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	615	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,145	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,020	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	925	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	845	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,115	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,645	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,115	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,300	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,055	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	14,935	...	...
Under $5,000	215	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	95	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	185	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	395	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	815	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	710	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	640	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	740	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	710	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,440	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,235	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,140	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,020	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	865	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,060	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,605	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,025	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,430	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,545	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,405	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,735	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,125	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,490	2,895	3,595
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	36,800	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,000	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,525	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,375	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,750	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,105	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,515	2,820	3,695
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,120	47,480	45,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,120	41,080	39,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	31,510	15,205	16,305
0 to 17 years	4,515	2,325	2,185
0 to 5 years	1,345	710	635
18 to 64 years	16,635	7,915	8,720
65 years and over	10,365	4,960	5,400
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,975	1,835	2,140
0 to 17 years	620	330	290
0 to 5 years	175	100	75
18 to 64 years	1,985	935	1,055
65 years and over	1,375	570	800
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.6	12.1	13.1
0 to 17 years (%)	13.8	14.3	13.2
0 to 5 years (%)	12.9	13.6	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	11.9	11.8	12.1
65 years and over (%)	13.3	11.5	14.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	30,765	14,830	15,940
0 to 17 years	4,370	2,255	2,110
0 to 5 years	1,315	695	620
18 to 64 years	16,205	7,690	8,520
65 years and over	10,190	4,880	5,310
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,140	590	550
0 to 17 years	160	80	75
0 to 5 years	45	15	25
18 to 64 years	780	415	365
65 years and over	200	90	110
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	4.0	3.5
0 to 17 years (%)	3.7	3.7	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	3.3	2.8	3.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	5.4	4.3
65 years and over (%)	2.0	1.8	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	31,510	15,205	16,310
In bottom half of the distribution	16,435	7,705	8,725
In bottom decile	3,700	1,790	1,910
In second decile	3,315	1,480	1,840
In third decile	3,115	1,450	1,665
In fourth decile	3,190	1,495	1,695
In fifth decile	3,110	1,500	1,615
In top half of the distribution	15,075	7,495	7,580
In sixth decile	3,215	1,550	1,665
In seventh decile	2,965	1,450	1,520
In eighth decile	2,885	1,455	1,430
In ninth decile	2,990	1,510	1,485
In top decile	3,020	1,535	1,485
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	31,510	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.334	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.460	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.299	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	31,860	15,425	16,435
English only	29,385	14,340	15,050
French only	5	5	5
English and French	2,355	1,025	1,330
Neither English nor French	115	60	60
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	31,860	15,425	16,435
English	31,195	15,110	16,085
French	480	230	255
English and French	75	35	40
Neither English nor French	110	55	60
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	31,860	15,425	16,435
Single responses	31,295	15,165	16,130
Official languages	28,275	13,775	14,500
English	27,765	13,530	14,230
French	515	240	270
Non-official languages	3,020	1,390	1,630
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	5
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,010	1,385	1,625
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	25	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	40	25	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	90	55
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	140	90	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	300	100	195
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Cebuano	10	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10
Ilocano	20	10	10
Indonesian	15	0	15
Kankanaey	10	0	5
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	225	80	145
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	15	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,850	895	955
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	385	195	190
Baltic languages	10	5	5
Latvian	10	5	5
Lithuanian	5	0	5
Slavic languages	370	190	185
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	5	10
Czech	50	30	20
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	125	70	55
Russian	80	30	45
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	15
Bosnian	5	5	0
Croatian	25	15	10
Serbian	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	20	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	5
Ukrainian	40	15	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	5
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	10	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	925	435	485
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	570	265	305
German	530	245	290
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	40	20	20
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	225	110	115
Afrikaans	40	25	10
Dutch	170	80	95
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0
Scandinavian languages	130	60	70
Danish	75	35	35
Icelandic	5	0	0
Norwegian	30	15	15
Swedish	20	10	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Greek	45	25	20
Indo-Iranian languages	160	80	75
Indo-Aryan languages	120	60	60
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	30	15	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	35	45
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	25	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	35	25	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	35	20	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	335	160	175
Catalan	0	5	0
Italian	95	45	50
Portuguese	50	25	25
Romanian	15	10	5
Spanish	165	70	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	110	25	80
Korean	100	40	55
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	5	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	305	135	170
Chinese languages	300	135	170
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	180	75	100
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	50	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	5
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	15
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	95	40	55
Estonian	10	5	5
Finnish	40	20	20
Hungarian	50	20	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	570	265	305
English and French	145	70	75
English and non-official language(s)	365	165	200
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	31,860	15,425	16,435
English	28,980	14,085	14,895
French	60	25	35
Non-official language	450	225	225
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	450	225	225
English and French	350	145	205
English and non-official language(s)	1,900	890	1,010
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	40	50
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	31,860	15,425	16,435
Single responses	31,480	15,260	16,225
Official languages	30,555	14,795	15,755
English	30,445	14,745	15,700
French	110	50	60
Non-official languages	930	460	465
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	930	460	465
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	65	45
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	110	65	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	135	70	70
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	55	55
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	10	5	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	345	175	170
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	45	45
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	85	45	45
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5
Czech	10	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	35	20	15
Russian	35	15	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	100	50	45
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	45	25	20
German	40	15	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	25	25
Afrikaans	25	15	10
Dutch	20	10	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5
Danish	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	70	30	40
Indo-Aryan languages	60	25	35
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	15	25
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	40	40
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5
Portuguese	10	5	5
Romanian	5	5	5
Spanish	55	30	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	40	15	30
Korean	65	30	35
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	175	85	90
Chinese languages	170	80	90
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	125	55	65
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	25	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	5
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	5	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	5
Hungarian	10	10	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	380	170	210
English and French	55	20	35
English and non-official language(s)	305	135	170
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	31,860	15,425	16,435
None	29,825	14,480	15,340
English	450	225	225
French	260	105	150
Non-official language	1,095	510	585
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	5
Non-Indigenous	1,075	500	580
English and French	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	30
French and non-official language(s)	65	30	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	110	45	70
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	31,510	15,205	16,305
Official languages	31,415	15,165	16,250
English	31,415	15,165	16,250
French	2,345	1,020	1,325
Non-official languages	4,715	2,130	2,585
Indigenous languages³⁹	85	40	45
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	70	30	40
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	10	0	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	65	25	30
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15	10	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,640	2,090	2,545
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	65	55
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	120	65	55
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	80	45	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	50	20	20
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	175	95	80
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	175	95	80
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	495	180	315
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	35	10	20
Indonesian	15	0	15
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	460	165	290
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10
Creole languages	20	15	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	20	0	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	20	0	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,100	1,460	1,650
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	435	230	205
Baltic languages	10	0	0
Latvian	10	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	425	225	205
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	45	25	25
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	130	80	45
Russian	135	75	60
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	30
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	50	25	25
Serbian	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	35	15	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	10
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,280	600	690
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	775	380	395
German	755	365	395
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	45	25	20
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	365	150	215
Afrikaans	90	40	45
Dutch	270	110	160
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0
Scandinavian languages	185	70	115
Danish	95	45	50
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	50	10	40
Swedish	45	10	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Greek	50	20	30
Indo-Iranian languages	345	160	185
Indo-Aryan languages	295	130	165
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10
Hindi	185	65	125
Kacchi	10	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	230	95	135
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	50	30	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	50	30	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,145	545	600
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	215	100	110
Portuguese	75	40	35
Romanian	20	15	0
Spanish	900	425	475
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	210	90	120
Korean	105	55	55
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	0	20
American Sign Language	25	0	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	345	140	205
Chinese languages	330	130	200
Hakka	25	0	20
Mandarin	260	105	150
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	150	65	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	0	20
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	30	0	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	0	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	0	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	95	45	55
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	50	25	25
Hungarian	45	15	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	31,510	15,205	16,310
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,270	1,075	1,195
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,175	1,025	1,150
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,365	695	670
Métis	795	330	470
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	85	50	35
Non-Indigenous identity	29,240	14,130	15,110
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	31,510	15,205	16,310
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	920	435	480
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	30,595	14,770	15,825
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	14,935	...	...
Owner	11,905	...	...
Renter	2,955	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	70	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	14,935	...	...
Condominium	1,535	...	...
Not condominium	13,400	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	14,935	...	...
No bedrooms	105	...	...
1 bedroom	1,610	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,565	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,140	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	14,935	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,010	...	...
5 rooms	2,740	...	...
6 rooms	2,375	...	...
7 rooms	1,885	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,925	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	14,935	...	...
One person or fewer per room	14,785	...	...
More than one person per room	150	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	14,935	...	...
Suitable	14,460	...	...
Not suitable	475	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	14,935	...	...
1960 or before	1,450	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,835	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,450	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,030	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,085	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,235	...	...
2011 to 2015	840	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	14,935	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	14,070	...	...
Major repairs needed	865	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	14,935	...	...
One-maintainer household	7,650	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,710	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	580	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	14,935	...	...
15 to 24 years	160	...	...
25 to 34 years	925	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,705	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,995	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,375	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,945	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,140	...	...
85 years and over	685	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	14,530	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	11,225	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,305	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,945	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	14,935	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,230	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,930	...	...
Not suitable only	340	...	...
Major repairs needed only	560	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	95	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	265	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	10,710	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	14,175	...	...
In core need	1,475	...	...
Not in core need	12,700	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,665	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	47.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,288	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	870,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	41.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,382	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	70	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	428	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	480	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	31,510	15,205	16,305
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	600	300	300
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	590	300	295
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	500	270	235
Métis single ancestry	85	35	55
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,920	895	1,025
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,850	870	975
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,245	595	650
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	595	275	325
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	70	20	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	20	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	28,990	14,010	14,985
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	31,510	15,205	16,305
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	30,060	14,570	15,485
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,435	2,260	2,175
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,620	12,315	13,310
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,455	635	820
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	31,510	15,205	16,305
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	25,390	12,370	13,015
Immigrants⁸¹	5,850	2,715	3,135
Before 1980	2,810	1,275	1,535
1980 to 1990	705	350	355
1991 to 2000	620	280	335
2001 to 2010	795	375	420
2011 to 2021⁸²	920	435	480
2011 to 2015	460	230	230
2016 to 2021	460	205	250
Non-permanent residents⁸³	275	120	160
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,845	2,715	3,130
Under 5 years	595	310	285
5 to 14 years	1,010	495	510
15 to 24 years	1,235	560	670
25 to 44 years	2,525	1,140	1,385
45 years and over	485	210	275
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,845	2,715	3,130
Americas	875	425	450
Brazil	15	10	10
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	15	0
Mexico	30	0	25
Peru	10	10	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0
United States of America	695	325	375
Other places of birth in Americas	85	50	35
Europe	3,150	1,510	1,635
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	30	10	20
France	90	40	50
Germany	360	160	195
Greece	15	0	15
Hungary	40	15	25
Italy	100	45	50
Netherlands	170	75	95
Poland	115	70	45
Portugal	35	20	20
Romania	15	10	10
Russian Federation	40	10	25
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0
Ukraine	20	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,625	785	840
Other places of birth in Europe	485	240	250
Africa	260	120	140
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	25	15	10
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	140	65	75
Other places of birth in Africa	80	40	35
Asia	1,330	535	795
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	30	20	15
Iraq	10	10	0
Lebanon	10	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	20	15	0
Turkey	10	0	10
China⁹⁰	145	50	90
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	20	20
Korea, South⁹²	80	35	45
Taiwan	50	20	30
Philippines	435	165	270
Viet Nam	130	60	75
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	145	75	75
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	225	65	160
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	235	125	110
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	460	205	250
Americas	75	30	45
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	55	20	35
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	100	45	50
France	10	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	35	15
Other places of birth in Europe	20	10	15
Africa	40	25	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	10
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0
Asia	210	80	130
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	80	35	50
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	40	15	25
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	25	0	20
Oceania and other⁹³	40	25	15
Australia	30	15	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	31,510	15,205	16,310
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,665	3,065	3,600
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,625	3,125	3,500
Third generation or more¹⁰²	18,220	9,015	9,205
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,040	1,440	1,595
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,695	825	865
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	930	470	460
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	765	355	410
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,080	470	605
Refugees¹⁰⁸	260	140	115
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,040	1,440	1,595
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	10	15
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	760	320	435
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65	35	30
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	185	70	115
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	10	20
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,975	1,005	975
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	31,510	15,205	16,310
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,865	1,275	1,590
South Asian	435	195	240
Chinese	455	185	270
Black	230	105	125
Filipino	635	260	380
Arab	50	35	15
Latin American	135	65	70
Southeast Asian	295	130	165
West Asian	35	15	20
Korean	125	60	65
Japanese	250	110	145
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	40	45
Multiple visible minorities	145	75	75
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	28,640	13,930	14,710
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	31,510	15,200	16,305
Canadian	3,075	1,565	1,515
English	10,825	5,310	5,515
Irish	6,585	3,005	3,575
Scottish	8,100	3,865	4,240
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,820	1,295	1,525
German	4,325	2,000	2,325
Chinese	545	225	325
Italian	1,035	510	525
Indian (India)	265	125	140
Ukrainian	1,445	710	735
Dutch	1,490	675	820
Polish	1,215	545	670
Québécois	60	40	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,350	1,170	1,180
Filipino	600	255	345
French Canadian	300	150	150
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	475	240	235
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	925	455	475
Métis	765	330	430
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	780	430	350
Russian	905	435	470
Norwegian	1,340	575	765
Welsh	1,220	505	710
Portuguese	265	110	150
American	580	235	345
Spanish	385	165	215
Swedish	1,085	450	635
Hungarian	370	185	185
Acadian	65	50	15
Pakistani	15	0	10
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	80	30	45
Jewish	425	215	210
Punjabi	115	45	65
Vietnamese	185	100	85
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	35	20	10
Greek	175	85	90
Jamaican	45	25	25
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	80	35	45
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	155	75	80
Korean	130	65	60
Romanian	100	40	60
Lebanese	75	20	50
Iranian	25	10	15
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	55	20	30
Danish	585	310	275
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	160	65	95
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	455	210	240
Belgian	170	80	90
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	30	20	10
Mexican	120	55	60
Mennonite	70	25	45
Swiss	210	105	105
Finnish	465	215	255
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	180	65	115
Japanese	325	150	175
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	40	10	30
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	80	45	30
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	335	145	180
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	30	0	25
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	30	10	15
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	255	100	155
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	20	0	15
Czech	235	110	120
Syrian	15	0	15
Guyanese	10	0	10
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	0	15
Serbian	35	10	25
Ojibway	25	10	20
Newfoundlander	40	20	20
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	55	40	20
Persian	50	20	25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	10	10
Turkish	40	10	30
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	10	0	10
Nigerian	20	15	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	105	45	55
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	80	30	55
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	50	20	30
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40	20	20
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	10
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	0	25
Algonquin	35	20	20
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	95	45	50
South African	110	60	55
Australian	205	100	105
Palestinian	10	0	0
Chilean	45	25	20
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	30	15	15
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	20	15	0
Macedonian	15	0	15
Slovenian	40	30	10
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	80	45	35
New Brunswicker	10	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	15	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	20	15
Bulgarian	30	10	25
Albertan	25	10	10
Ghanaian	10	10	0
Barbadian	15	15	0
African American	35	20	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	10	35
Tunisian	30	10	15
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	65	45	20
Cuban	10	10	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	10	0	10
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	50	30	20
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	50	0	50
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	35	35	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	60	40	15
British Columbian	195	90	110
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	20	10	15
Estonian	30	10	20
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	35	30	10
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	25	10
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	25	0	20
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	25	10	15
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40	15	25
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	60	35	25
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	10	15
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	15	10	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	15	15	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	10	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	20	10	15
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	15	15	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	15	10	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	20	0	10
Zimbabwean	10	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	10	0	10
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	10	10	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	10	10	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	31,510	15,205	16,305
Buddhist	420	175	245
Christian	10,335	4,535	5,805
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,160	995	1,165
Anabaptist	40	10	30
Anglican	1,575	630	945
Baptist	415	180	235
Catholic	2,995	1,375	1,620
Christian Orthodox	155	50	105
Jehovah's Witness	290	130	160
Latter Day Saints	60	25	30
Lutheran	355	175	180
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	25	0	20
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	165	70	90
Presbyterian	215	125	95
Reformed	25	0	20
United Church	1,215	455	760
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	660	310	350
Hindu	65	30	35
Jewish	215	115	105
Muslim	115	60	55
Sikh	190	60	130
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	55	25	35
Other religions and spiritual traditions	480	190	290
No religion and secular perspectives	19,630	10,015	9,610
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	31,340	15,105	16,225
Non-movers	27,170	13,185	13,990
Movers	4,165	1,925	2,240
Non-migrants	1,790	805	990
Migrants	2,375	1,120	1,250
Internal migrants	2,225	1,040	1,180
Intraprovincial migrants	1,920	920	1,000
Interprovincial migrants	305	125	185
External migrants	155	80	75
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	30,405	14,640	15,765
Non-movers	17,225	8,450	8,770
Movers	13,175	6,190	6,985
Non-migrants	2,840	1,300	1,540
Migrants	10,335	4,890	5,450
Internal migrants	9,610	4,550	5,060
Intraprovincial migrants	8,420	3,985	4,435
Interprovincial migrants	1,190	565	620
External migrants	725	340	390
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,725	13,225	14,500
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,990	2,245	1,740
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	23,735	10,975	12,755
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,180	7,145	8,035
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,575	950	615
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,610	6,195	7,415
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,725	13,225	14,500
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,185	1,660	1,525
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,155	3,720	4,435
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,385	7,845	8,540
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,595	4,855	4,740
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,920	2,240	680
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,190	735	455
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,730	1,505	230
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,520	2,285	3,235
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,155	330	830
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,785	2,985	3,800
Bachelor's degree	4,220	1,870	2,350
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	595	235	360
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115	60	60
Master's degree	1,550	655	890
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	305	165	140
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,180	7,145	8,035
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,215	715	495
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,405	2,090	2,310
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,565	4,340	5,225
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,550	2,715	2,840
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,615	1,195	420
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	685	400	285
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	930	795	140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,255	1,335	1,920
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	675	185	490
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,020	1,625	2,390
Bachelor's degree	2,575	1,045	1,530
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	340	125	215
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	30	55
Master's degree	870	355	520
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	145	70	70
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	27,720	13,225	14,495
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,340	5,380	5,960
Education	1,475	305	1,170
13. Education	1,475	305	1,170
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	825	330	500
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	70	25
50. Visual and performing arts	730	260	475
Humanities	940	385	555
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	10	55
23. English language and literature/letters	330	90	240
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	220	100	120
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	40	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	40	20
54. History	155	80	75
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	15	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,925	680	1,245
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270	95	180
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	265	30	235
22. Legal professions and studies	260	105	150
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	20	25
42. Psychology	415	105	310
45. Social sciences	640	315	325
Business, management and public administration	2,735	1,030	1,705
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	245	75	165
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,490	950	1,540
Physical and life sciences and technologies	630	360	270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	280	140	145
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	40	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	210	165	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	15	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	405	230	175
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	245	155	90
25. Library science	60	20	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	45	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,430	3,200	230
04. Architecture and related services	145	105	45
14. Engineering	485	425	65
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	735	655	75
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,015	995	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	680	675	0
48. Precision production	365	340	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	555	340	215
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	255	120	135
03. Natural resources and conservation	295	215	80
Health and related fields	2,405	440	1,960
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	220	110	110
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,155	320	1,835
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	15	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,060	555	510
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	675	205	470
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	85	75	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	295	270	20
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,180	7,145	8,035
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,615	2,810	2,805
Education	695	115	580
13. Education	695	115	580
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	505	200	305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	35	20
50. Visual and performing arts	455	170	285
Humanities	540	190	350
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	10	40
23. English language and literature/letters	170	30	140
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	155	60	95
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	25	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	20	10
54. History	75	35	40
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,195	405	795
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	195	65	130
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	175	20	155
22. Legal professions and studies	120	45	70
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	10	15
42. Psychology	230	40	190
45. Social sciences	435	220	210
Business, management and public administration	1,625	615	1,010
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	110	35	75
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,515	580	925
Physical and life sciences and technologies	340	165	175
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	165	70	90
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	20	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	100	60	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	260	170	90
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	180	125	55
25. Library science	30	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	25	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,840	1,660	175
04. Architecture and related services	70	55	20
14. Engineering	245	200	50
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	385	325	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	590	570	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	355	360	0
48. Precision production	185	160	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	355	195	160
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	190	80	110
03. Natural resources and conservation	160	110	50
Health and related fields	1,500	290	1,215
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	125	75	55
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,365	215	1,150
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	705	330	375
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	445	105	345
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	60	55	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	190	165	20
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	15,180	7,145	8,035
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,615	2,810	2,805
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	9,570	4,340	5,230
Location of study inside Canada	7,980	3,640	4,340
Same as province or territory of residence	6,130	2,730	3,395
Different than province or territory of residence	1,855	910	940
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,585	700	890
Americas	450	200	240
United States of America	390	175	215
Mexico	25	15	15
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	10	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	15	0
Europe	525	250	275
Belgium	10	10	0
France	30	15	20
Germany	30	0	25
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	20	15	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	30	20	10
Romania	10	0	10
Russian Federation	25	0	20
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	295	155	145
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	30	10	15
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	10	20
Africa	80	40	45
Nigeria	15	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	60	20	45
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	460	160	290
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	10	10	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	10	0	10
China⁹⁰	25	10	15
Taiwan	20	0	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	40	10	25
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	20
Philippines	220	80	140
Viet Nam	10	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	65	30	30
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	0	25
Oceania	75	45	30
Australia	55	35	25
New Zealand	20	10	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	27,725	13,225	14,500
In the labour force	15,005	7,525	7,490
Employed	13,910	6,955	6,950
Unemployed	1,100	565	540
Not in the labour force	12,715	5,700	7,015
Participation rate	54.1	56.9	51.7
Employment rate	50.2	52.6	47.9
Unemployment rate	7.3	7.5	7.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	27,720	13,225	14,495
Did not work¹⁸⁶	12,580	5,670	6,910
Worked	15,145	7,550	7,595
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,580	3,750	2,835
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	8,565	3,805	4,755
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8	40.6	38.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	15,010	7,520	7,485
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	260	135	125
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	14,750	7,390	7,360
Employee	9,990	4,795	5,200
Permanent position	8,395	4,095	4,300
Temporary position	1,595	700	895
Fixed term (1 year or more)	405	190	210
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,190	515	680
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,755	2,595	2,165
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	15,010	7,520	7,485
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	260	135	125
All occupations¹⁹¹	14,750	7,390	7,360
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	190	100	90
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,980	530	1,450
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,000	790	215
3 Health occupations	1,190	230	965
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,650	455	1,195
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	925	390	535
6 Sales and service occupations	3,740	1,400	2,340
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,075	2,755	320
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	610	445	160
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	385	295	85
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	15,010	7,520	7,485
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	260	135	125
All industries¹⁹¹	14,750	7,390	7,360
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	415	295	125
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	175	140	30
22 Utilities	90	65	20
23 Construction	1,805	1,555	250
31-33 Manufacturing	735	605	125
41 Wholesale trade	260	160	95
44-45 Retail trade	1,715	695	1,025
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	695	475	220
51 Information and cultural industries	285	165	120
52 Finance and insurance	360	150	215
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	350	165	185
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,485	775	710
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	25	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	765	415	360
61 Educational services	935	225	710
62 Health care and social assistance	1,775	335	1,445
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	465	225	240
72 Accommodation and food services	1,120	400	720
81 Other services (except public administration)	650	245	405
91 Public administration	625	270	355
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	16,490	8,200	8,290
English	16,170	8,045	8,125
French	35	10	30
Non-official language	40	20	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	40	20	20
English and French	70	45	30
English and non-official language(s)	150	70	70
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	16,490	8,200	8,290
Single responses	16,455	8,190	8,260
Official languages	16,405	8,160	8,240
English	16,365	8,160	8,205
French	45	10	35
Non-official languages	45	30	25
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	45	30	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	0	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	0	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	20	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	15	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	15	15	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	10	25
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	16,490	8,200	8,290
None	16,280	8,085	8,190
English	20	0	15
French	60	45	15
Non-official language	105	55	50
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	10
Non-Indigenous	95	55	45
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	13,910	6,955	6,950
Worked at home	3,250	1,440	1,815
Worked outside Canada	25	20	10
No fixed workplace address	2,785	2,050	740
Usual place of work	7,845	3,460	4,390
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,850	3,455	4,395
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,385	1,445	1,935
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,680	1,565	2,115
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	750	415	335
Commute to a different province or territory	35	30	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	10,635	5,505	5,130
Car, truck or van	8,925	4,765	4,160
Car, truck or van - as a driver	8,270	4,475	3,795
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	655	295	360
Public transit	395	140	255
Walked	805	310	495
Bicycle	115	55	65
Other method	390	225	160
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	10,635	5,505	5,130
Less than 15 minutes	4,760	2,055	2,710
15 to 29 minutes	3,235	1,735	1,500
30 to 44 minutes	1,565	935	630
45 to 59 minutes	360	285	75
60 minutes and over	710	495	215
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	10,635	5,505	5,130
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	755	510	245
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,435	915	515
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,470	1,440	1,030
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,865	1,270	1,600
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,915	760	1,150
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,200	610	590
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,600	2,370	2,225
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	390	195	200
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,205	2,180	2,025
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,415	1,750	1,660
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	300	145	155
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	160	70	85
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	140	75	70
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,110	1,605	1,505

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 26, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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