Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Thompson-Nicola, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	143,680	...	...
Population, 2016¹	132,663	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	65,065	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	59,885	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	44,347.23	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	143,680	71,330	72,355
0 to 14 years	21,030	10,730	10,300
0 to 4 years	6,265	3,190	3,075
5 to 9 years	7,225	3,640	3,585
10 to 14 years	7,535	3,905	3,635
15 to 64 years	90,185	45,180	45,015
15 to 19 years	7,185	3,790	3,400
20 to 24 years	8,030	4,225	3,805
25 to 29 years	8,900	4,645	4,255
30 to 34 years	9,245	4,685	4,560
35 to 39 years	9,280	4,625	4,655
40 to 44 years	8,165	4,085	4,085
45 to 49 years	8,270	4,100	4,170
50 to 54 years	9,095	4,385	4,705
55 to 59 years	10,480	5,080	5,405
60 to 64 years	11,540	5,560	5,980
65 years and over	32,460	15,415	17,045
65 to 69 years	10,245	5,005	5,245
70 to 74 years	8,795	4,300	4,495
75 to 79 years	5,795	2,795	3,000
80 to 84 years	3,960	1,865	2,100
85 years and over	3,670	1,460	2,210
85 to 89 years	2,325	980	1,345
90 to 94 years	1,030	390	640
95 to 99 years	270	75	195
100 years and over	45	10	35
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.6	15.0	14.2
15 to 64 years	62.8	63.3	62.2
65 years and over	22.6	21.6	23.6
85 years and over	2.6	2.0	3.1
Average age of the population	44.1	43.3	44.9
Median age of the population	45.2	43.6	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	59,885	...	...
Single-detached house	34,835	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,730	...	...
Row house	4,685	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,230	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,885	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	860	...	...
Other single-attached house	130	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,535	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	59,885	...	...
1 person	17,115	...	...
2 persons	23,360	...	...
3 persons	8,305	...	...
4 persons	7,125	...	...
5 or more persons	3,980	...	...
Number of persons in private households	139,265	69,210	70,050
Average household size	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	122,650	60,595	62,050
Married or living common-law	70,985	35,425	35,565
Married	55,260	27,565	27,695
Living common-law	15,730	7,860	7,865
Living common law - Never married	10,870	5,465	5,400
Living common law - Separated	840	430	410
Living common law - Divorced	3,590	1,785	1,805
Living common law - Widowed	430	175	250
Not married and not living common-law	51,660	25,165	26,490
Not married and not living common law - Never married	31,900	18,010	13,890
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,735	1,670	2,065
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,735	3,795	4,940
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,290	1,695	5,590
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	40,775	...	...
2 persons	24,290	...	...
3 persons	7,560	...	...
4 persons	6,515	...	...
5 or more persons	2,410	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	40,780	...	...
Total couple families	34,465	...	...
Married couples	26,610	...	...
With children⁶	11,440	...	...
Without children	15,165	...	...
Common-law couples	7,860	...	...
With children⁶	2,755	...	...
Without children	5,105	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,310	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,750	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,565	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	139,260	69,210	70,050
Total - Persons in census families	110,120	54,685	55,435
Married spouses or common-law partners	68,935	34,420	34,510
Parents in one-parent families	6,315	1,560	4,750
Children⁶	34,875	18,700	16,175
In a two-parent family	25,475	13,455	12,015
In a one-parent family	9,405	5,245	4,165
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	29,145	14,530	14,615
Living alone	17,115	8,135	8,980
Living with other relatives⁷	3,600	1,590	2,010
Living with non-relatives only	8,430	4,805	3,625
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	59,885	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	34,945	...	...
Couple-family households	30,310	...	...
With children⁶	12,350	...	...
Without children	17,955	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,635	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,525	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	470	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,580	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,255	...	...
One-person households	17,115	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	118,305	58,520	59,780
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	115,190	56,995	58,200
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,800	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	115,240	57,020	58,215
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,000	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	101,915	51,405	50,510
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	44,400	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,430	41,175	38,260
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	47,200	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,435	45,065	51,370
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300	11,000	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,715	5,910	5,800
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,560	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,510	13,315	14,195
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	118,290	58,505	59,785
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	115,125	56,905	58,220
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,750	61,050	42,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	115,145	56,910	58,235
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,440	51,350	37,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	101,685	50,935	50,755
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,360	57,950	36,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,425	41,025	38,400
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,040	57,750	37,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,195	44,910	51,290
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,860	11,670	12,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,885	5,945	5,935
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,600	6,340	6,850
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,525	13,210	14,305
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,630	8,400	8,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	118,290	58,505	59,785
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,350	19,880	15,465
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	74,000	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,100	81,700	59,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,855	15,325	17,535
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	26,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,600	41,200	25,100
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	85.0	75.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.0	68.2	58.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2	15.1	24.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.0	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.2	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	118,305	58,525	59,785
Without total income	3,115	1,530	1,585
With total income	115,195	56,995	58,200
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,900	4,155	5,745
$10,000 to $19,999	13,890	5,410	8,480
$20,000 to $29,999	17,895	7,465	10,430
$30,000 to $39,999	14,910	6,405	8,505
$40,000 to $49,999	12,805	5,700	7,105
$50,000 to $59,999	10,535	5,085	5,445
$60,000 to $69,999	8,065	4,465	3,605
$70,000 to $79,999	6,090	3,600	2,490
$80,000 to $89,999	4,900	3,080	1,820
$90,000 to $99,999	3,820	2,410	1,415
$100,000 and over	12,375	9,225	3,155
$100,000 to $149,999	8,940	6,500	2,440
$150,000 and over	3,440	2,725	715
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	118,305	58,525	59,785
Without after-tax income	3,065	1,505	1,565
With after-tax income	115,240	57,025	58,220
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,300	4,275	6,025
$10,000 to $19,999	14,320	5,580	8,740
$20,000 to $29,999	20,025	8,365	11,660
$30,000 to $39,999	17,160	7,540	9,620
$40,000 to $49,999	14,415	6,715	7,705
$50,000 to $59,999	11,120	5,955	5,165
$60,000 to $69,999	8,040	4,815	3,225
$70,000 to $79,999	6,005	3,785	2,220
$80,000 to $89,999	4,435	2,900	1,535
$90,000 to $99,999	3,030	2,165	870
$100,000 and over	6,380	4,925	1,460
$100,000 to $124,999	3,690	2,845	850
$125,000 and over	2,690	2,085	610
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	118,305	58,525	59,785
Without employment income	38,875	17,350	21,525
With employment income	79,430	41,170	38,255
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,560	5,530	6,025
$5,000 to $9,999	5,960	2,560	3,400
$10,000 to $19,999	9,200	3,915	5,285
$20,000 to $29,999	7,505	3,320	4,185
$30,000 to $39,999	7,230	3,055	4,175
$40,000 to $49,999	6,690	2,975	3,715
$50,000 to $59,999	6,050	2,855	3,195
$60,000 to $69,999	5,000	2,830	2,170
$70,000 to $79,999	4,085	2,450	1,635
$80,000 to $89,999	3,665	2,330	1,335
$90,000 to $99,999	3,010	1,960	1,050
$100,000 and over	9,470	7,400	2,070
$100,000 to $124,999	4,795	3,520	1,275
$125,000 and over	4,670	3,880	795
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	118,305	58,520	59,780
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	112,355	55,520	56,835
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	48,400	31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	112,635	55,555	57,080
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	43,200	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,250	50,950	50,300
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	46,000	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,850	42,650	40,200
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	47,200	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,485	35,095	44,390
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	9,200	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,885	5,095	4,790
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,400	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	118,290	58,505	59,785
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	112,175	55,410	56,765
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,760	60,000	39,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	112,430	55,450	56,980
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,160	49,840	34,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	100,960	50,550	50,410
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,680	58,800	36,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,550	42,390	40,165
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,760	57,000	35,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,425	34,985	44,440
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,710	10,040	9,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,005	5,135	4,870
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,050	6,460	7,680
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	118,290	58,505	59,785
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,975	19,640	15,330
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	71,500	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,400	78,900	54,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,915	14,445	16,470
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	34,000	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,360	48,720	29,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	89.4	81.4
Employment income (%)	69.2	72.6	64.0
Government transfers (%)	13.8	10.6	18.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	59,885	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,115	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	42,770	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	59,885	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	99,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,130	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,240	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	42,760	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	59,885	...	...
Under $5,000	660	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	265	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	480	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,445	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,530	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,020	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,035	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,375	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,320	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,265	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,630	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,290	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,870	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,315	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,765	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,010	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,330	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,420	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,005	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	59,885	...	...
Under $5,000	725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	270	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	495	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,480	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,650	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,280	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,370	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,690	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,590	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,625	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,265	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,860	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,445	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,155	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,700	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,280	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,305	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,875	...	...
$150,000 and over	7,100	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	40,340	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	18,715	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,355	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,815	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	25,540	12,940	12,605
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	39,200	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	36,000	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	40,270	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,645	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,415	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,730	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	25,545	12,860	12,680
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,200	49,240	43,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,240	42,280	38,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	139,265	69,210	70,050
0 to 17 years	25,225	12,940	12,290
0 to 5 years	7,680	3,920	3,755
18 to 64 years	84,055	41,735	42,320
65 years and over	29,980	14,535	15,445
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,330	6,740	7,585
0 to 17 years	2,600	1,365	1,230
0 to 5 years	790	410	370
18 to 64 years	7,695	3,725	3,970
65 years and over	4,035	1,650	2,385
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.3	9.7	10.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.3	10.6	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	10.3	10.6	10.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.2	8.9	9.4
65 years and over (%)	13.5	11.4	15.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	131,440	65,250	66,190
0 to 17 years	23,885	12,260	11,620
0 to 5 years	7,335	3,735	3,600
18 to 64 years	79,365	39,345	40,020
65 years and over	28,190	13,640	14,545
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,680	2,455	2,225
0 to 17 years	675	360	320
0 to 5 years	180	95	80
18 to 64 years	3,675	1,960	1,715
65 years and over	335	145	195
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.8	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	2.9	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.6	2.3
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	5.0	4.3
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	139,265	69,210	70,050
In bottom half of the distribution	67,760	32,770	34,995
In bottom decile	14,165	6,900	7,265
In second decile	13,400	6,225	7,180
In third decile	13,450	6,495	6,960
In fourth decile	13,190	6,415	6,780
In fifth decile	13,545	6,735	6,810
In top half of the distribution	71,505	36,445	35,060
In sixth decile	13,760	6,855	6,900
In seventh decile	14,350	7,240	7,105
In eighth decile	14,585	7,380	7,205
In ninth decile	15,795	8,165	7,630
In top decile	13,015	6,800	6,215
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	139,260	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.429	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	141,560	70,375	71,190
English only	133,955	66,945	67,010
French only	20	10	10
English and French	7,055	3,180	3,870
Neither English nor French	535	235	300
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	141,560	70,375	71,190
English	139,685	69,450	70,235
French	1,240	640	600
English and French	140	70	70
Neither English nor French	495	210	285
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	141,560	70,375	71,190
Single responses	139,205	69,255	69,945
Official languages	127,575	63,600	63,975
English	126,160	62,880	63,285
French	1,410	720	690
Non-official languages	11,625	5,660	5,965
Indigenous languages³⁹	410	210	200
Algonquian languages	50	40	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	40	30	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	40	30	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	15	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	35	20	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	35	20	15
Dakelh (Carrier)	15	5	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	15	10	15
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0
Salish languages	300	145	150
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	15	5	10
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	150	80	65
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	80	40	40
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	55	20	35
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	5
Nisga'a	5	0	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous languages	11,215	5,445	5,770
Afro-Asiatic languages	135	85	50
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	135	80	50
Amharic	5	5	5
Arabic	120	70	50
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	200	85	110
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10
Vietnamese	190	85	105
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	720	260	460
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	10
Cebuano	30	10	25
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10
Ilocano	40	20	20
Indonesian	30	15	15
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	5	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	565	205	360
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Creole languages	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	205	130	75
Kannada	10	10	5
Malayalam	105	65	35
Tamil	45	30	15
Telugu	40	25	15
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,965	3,990	3,970
Albanian	5	5	5
Armenian	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,075	490	585
Baltic languages	15	5	10
Latvian	10	5	10
Lithuanian	0	0	5
Slavic languages	1,060	480	575
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	5	5
Czech	75	35	35
Macedonian	5	0	0
Polish	235	120	115
Russian	270	100	165
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	170	85	85
Bosnian	15	5	10
Croatian	110	55	55
Serbian	40	20	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Slovak	40	15	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10
Ukrainian	240	110	135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	10	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5
Welsh	5	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,110	1,005	1,105
Frisian	5	0	0
High German languages	1,410	665	745
German	1,305	610	695
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	105	55	50
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	525	265	265
Afrikaans	100	55	45
Dutch	390	195	190
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	25	10	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5
Scandinavian languages	165	70	95
Danish	85	35	45
Icelandic	5	0	5
Norwegian	40	20	20
Swedish	40	10	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Greek	80	55	30
Indo-Iranian languages	2,975	1,620	1,350
Indo-Aryan languages	2,845	1,560	1,290
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	175	125	50
Gujarati	90	45	40
Hindi	405	255	145
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	25	15	10
Nepali	50	35	15
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,955	1,000	960
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20
Urdu	90	45	40
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	120	65	60
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	10	5
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	5
Persian languages	95	50	50
Dari	10	5	5
Iranian Persian	75	40	35
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,705	810	895
Catalan	5	5	5
Italian	850	420	425
Portuguese	230	105	120
Romanian	95	45	50
Spanish	525	235	295
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	210	65	140
Korean	360	180	180
Mongolian	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages	120	55	65
Akan (Twi)	15	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	5	0	5
Igbo	15	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	20	10	10
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	5	15
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	15	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	10
American Sign Language	15	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	940	445	495
Chinese languages	930	440	490
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	535	240	300
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5
Yue (Cantonese)	335	175	160
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5
Burmese	5	5	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	10	40
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	45	10	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Turkic languages	25	15	10
Azerbaijani	5	0	0
Kazakh	5	0	5
Turkish	15	10	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	245	105	140
Estonian	15	5	10
Finnish	90	40	50
Hungarian	140	60	80
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Multiple responses	2,360	1,120	1,240
English and French	440	215	230
English and non-official language(s)	1,735	830	905
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	5
Multiple non-official languages	140	60	80
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	141,560	70,375	71,190
English	129,900	64,720	65,175
French	150	85	65
Non-official language	2,250	1,130	1,120
Indigenous³⁹	40	20	15
Non-Indigenous	2,215	1,110	1,100
English and French	945	420	530
English and non-official language(s)	7,915	3,815	4,100
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	220	100	125
Multiple non-official languages	170	100	75
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	141,560	70,375	71,190
Single responses	139,975	69,610	70,360
Official languages	135,305	67,250	68,060
English	135,050	67,105	67,945
French	250	140	110
Non-official languages	4,670	2,365	2,305
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	35	25
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	50	30	20
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	5	0	5
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	20	15	10
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	20	15	5
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	5	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,605	2,325	2,285
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	35	30
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	35	30
Amharic	5	0	0
Arabic	60	30	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	60	70
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5
Vietnamese	125	60	70
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	295	130	160
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	25	10	15
Indonesian	15	10	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	240	110	130
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	85	50	35
Kannada	5	0	0
Malayalam	50	30	20
Tamil	20	10	5
Telugu	15	5	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,000	1,525	1,480
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	255	110	145
Baltic languages	5	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	0
Slavic languages	250	105	140
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5
Czech	20	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	90	35	55
Russian	80	35	45
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	15
Bosnian	5	0	0
Croatian	15	10	10
Serbian	15	10	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5
Ukrainian	15	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	350	150	200
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	225	100	130
German	200	85	120
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	25	15	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	45	65
Afrikaans	55	30	25
Dutch	45	15	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5
Danish	5	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	1,890	1,030	860
Indo-Aryan languages	1,835	1,005	835
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	90	60	30
Gujarati	50	35	20
Hindi	250	165	80
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0
Nepali	25	10	15
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,340	690	655
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10
Urdu	45	25	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	50	30	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	10	5
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0
Persian languages	30	15	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	25	15	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	490	225	270
Catalan	5	5	5
Italian	185	70	115
Portuguese	65	30	35
Romanian	35	15	15
Spanish	205	100	110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	100	45	55
Korean	265	145	120
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	5	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	25	20
American Sign Language	25	15	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	555	275	280
Chinese languages	555	270	285
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	335	160	175
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	190	100	90
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	15	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	20	10	5
Hungarian	5	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,590	765	825
English and French	130	55	75
English and non-official language(s)	1,415	690	720
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	15
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	141,560	70,375	71,185
None	133,615	66,560	67,050
English	2,020	1,020	1,000
French	755	325	435
Non-official language	4,195	1,995	2,200
Indigenous³⁹	310	160	150
Non-Indigenous	3,890	1,835	2,050
English and French	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	325	165	160
French and non-official language(s)	145	70	75
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	480	230	250
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	139,265	69,215	70,050
Official languages	138,760	68,960	69,800
English	138,760	68,960	69,800
French	7,020	3,090	3,930
Non-official languages	17,350	8,520	8,835
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,365	695	670
Algonquian languages	135	70	70
Blackfoot	15	10	0
Cree-Innu languages	105	45	60
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	95	40	60
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	40	15	30
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	50	20	30
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	75	30	40
Northern Athabaskan languages	75	35	40
Dakelh (Carrier)	15	10	10
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	10	15
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	35	10	20
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	35	10	30
Salish languages	1,080	555	515
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	45	30	20
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	410	240	170
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	500	230	270
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	115	55	55
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Non-Indigenous languages	16,005	7,830	8,175
Afro-Asiatic languages	290	155	135
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	10	0	10
Hausa	10	0	10
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	280	145	125
Amharic	10	0	0
Arabic	250	135	120
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0
Maltese	10	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	80	85
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	170	80	85
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,010	385	635
Bikol	20	0	15
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10
Cebuano	55	10	50
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10
Ilocano	55	30	25
Indonesian	35	15	25
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	10	0	10
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	40	25	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	910	330	575
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	25
Creole languages	20	15	10
Haitian Creole	15	10	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	320	170	150
Kannada	15	15	0
Malayalam	160	80	80
Tamil	130	85	50
Telugu	60	30	25
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	11,620	5,765	5,855
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,190	510	685
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,190	510	680
Belarusian	10	0	10
Bulgarian	15	10	10
Czech	100	45	55
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	225	130	95
Russian	420	160	255
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	245	110	135
Bosnian	45	25	25
Croatian	185	85	100
Serbian	55	20	30
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Slovak	35	0	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	25
Ukrainian	255	115	145
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	15	10
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	3,080	1,375	1,710
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	2,135	920	1,215
German	2,045	865	1,180
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	165	85	80
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	755	365	395
Afrikaans	255	130	125
Dutch	425	195	230
Low German, n.o.s.	15	10	10
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	55	30	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10
Scandinavian languages	270	105	160
Danish	120	50	70
Icelandic	10	0	0
Norwegian	55	30	30
Swedish	85	25	60
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Greek	85	50	35
Indo-Iranian languages	4,045	2,260	1,785
Indo-Aryan languages	3,890	2,170	1,720
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	185	120	70
Gujarati	140	70	70
Hindi	1,630	875	755
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	0
Marathi	60	40	20
Nepali	95	60	35
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,645	1,460	1,185
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	20	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20
Urdu	350	210	140
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0
Iranian languages	185	110	70
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	25	15	10
Persian languages	140	85	60
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	130	75	55
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,535	1,715	1,820
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	1,170	575	595
Portuguese	340	160	180
Romanian	170	75	90
Spanish	2,000	965	1,035
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	575	250	330
Korean	360	205	155
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	360	185	175
Akan (Twi)	40	25	15
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	35	15	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	15	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	50	25	20
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	65	25	30
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	110	65	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	180	70	105
American Sign Language	145	55	90
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,100	585	515
Chinese languages	1,080	570	510
Hakka	10	0	0
Mandarin	765	385	380
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	30	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	395	225	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	20	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	25	55
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	70	25	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	15	40
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	15	0	15
Turkish	25	0	20
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	335	160	170
Estonian	15	0	15
Finnish	135	70	65
Hungarian	185	95	90
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	139,265	69,210	70,050
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	19,420	9,625	9,800
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	18,625	9,260	9,370
First Nations (North American Indian)	12,675	6,325	6,350
Métis	5,890	2,900	2,990
Inuk (Inuit)	65	30	30
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	475	230	245
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	315	135	180
Non-Indigenous identity	119,845	59,595	60,255
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	139,265	69,210	70,050
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	10,530	5,190	5,340
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	128,730	64,020	64,710
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	59,885	...	...
Owner	44,025	...	...
Renter	15,245	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	615	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	59,885	...	...
Condominium	8,380	...	...
Not condominium	51,500	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	59,885	...	...
No bedrooms	565	...	...
1 bedroom	6,515	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,765	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,670	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	19,365	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	59,885	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,180	...	...
5 rooms	8,965	...	...
6 rooms	8,300	...	...
7 rooms	7,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	20,180	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	59,885	...	...
One person or fewer per room	59,220	...	...
More than one person per room	660	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	59,885	...	...
Suitable	57,925	...	...
Not suitable	1,965	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	59,885	...	...
1960 or before	6,350	...	...
1961 to 1980	22,870	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,765	...	...
1991 to 2000	9,355	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,720	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,400	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,295	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,120	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	59,885	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	56,000	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,880	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	59,885	...	...
One-maintainer household	29,605	...	...
Two-maintainer household	27,130	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,150	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	59,885	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,845	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,655	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,150	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,580	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,555	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,250	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,040	...	...
85 years and over	1,820	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	55,990	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	45,970	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,020	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,070	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	59,885	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,700	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,100	...	...
Not suitable only	1,485	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,975	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	230	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	655	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	215	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...
Acceptable housing	45,190	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	55,035	...	...
In core need	5,580	...	...
Not in core need	49,455	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	41,280	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,296	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	531,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,815	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,203	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	615	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	12.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	416	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	438	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	139,260	69,210	70,055
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,355	4,200	4,155
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,215	4,135	4,080
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,140	3,555	3,580
Métis single ancestry	1,055	565	490
Inuit single ancestry	25	20	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	135	60	80
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	135	60	80
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	11,940	5,875	6,060
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	11,460	5,650	5,805
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	7,720	3,875	3,845
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,670	1,730	1,935
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	45	25
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	485	225	260
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	455	205	250
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	10
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	118,970	59,140	59,835
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	139,260	69,210	70,055
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	132,690	65,885	66,805
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,790	12,695	12,095
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	107,900	53,190	54,705
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,575	3,325	3,250
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	139,260	69,210	70,055
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	123,200	61,245	61,950
Immigrants⁸¹	13,185	6,370	6,820
Before 1980	5,435	2,680	2,755
1980 to 1990	1,435	670	760
1991 to 2000	1,450	680	765
2001 to 2010	1,950	895	1,060
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,920	1,445	1,475
2011 to 2015	1,250	620	635
2016 to 2021	1,670	830	840
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,875	1,595	1,280
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	13,185	6,370	6,820
Under 5 years	1,740	930	810
5 to 14 years	2,455	1,295	1,160
15 to 24 years	2,865	1,340	1,525
25 to 44 years	5,175	2,395	2,775
45 years and over	950	400	545
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	13,185	6,370	6,820
Americas	2,000	925	1,075
Brazil	50	15	35
Colombia	65	30	35
El Salvador	40	15	25
Guyana	10	0	10
Haiti	10	10	0
Jamaica	50	30	15
Mexico	135	75	60
Peru	20	10	15
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0
United States of America	1,410	625	785
Other places of birth in Americas	200	110	95
Europe	6,055	2,985	3,075
Bosnia and Herzegovina	70	35	40
Croatia	120	70	50
France	80	45	35
Germany	855	405	445
Greece	25	15	15
Hungary	85	55	30
Italy	585	275	310
Netherlands	380	195	190
Poland	175	105	65
Portugal	110	55	50
Romania	115	55	55
Russian Federation	90	30	65
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	15
Ukraine	80	30	50
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,425	1,185	1,240
Other places of birth in Europe	855	425	425
Africa	680	395	285
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	20	10	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	15	0	10
Nigeria	100	65	35
Somalia	10	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	340	200	140
Other places of birth in Africa	200	105	90
Asia	4,080	1,890	2,190
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	75	50	30
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	20	20	0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	360	180	180
Hong Kong⁹¹	110	55	60
Korea, South⁹²	185	95	85
Taiwan	50	25	25
Philippines	920	350	565
Viet Nam	95	45	55
Bangladesh	45	20	20
India	1,495	745	750
Pakistan	195	85	110
Sri Lanka	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	455	175	275
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	365	175	195
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,670	830	845
Americas	145	70	75
Brazil	15	0	10
Colombia	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	30	20	10
United States of America	65	30	35
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	15	0
Europe	245	110	130
France	10	10	0
Germany	25	10	15
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10
Ukraine	20	0	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	65	60
Other places of birth in Europe	50	20	30
Africa	205	115	95
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	50	40	10
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	85	45	40
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	20	30
Asia	1,000	485	510
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	0
China⁹⁰	50	35	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10
India	335	185	150
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	15	0	10
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	25
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	40	20	20
Philippines	365	150	215
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	10	40
Oceania and other⁹³	80	45	30
Australia	60	40	20
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	10	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	139,265	69,215	70,050
First generation¹⁰⁰	17,255	8,505	8,750
Second generation¹⁰¹	22,315	10,995	11,320
Third generation or more¹⁰²	99,695	49,720	49,975
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,750	3,690	4,060
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,170	2,185	1,985
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,895	1,100	790
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,280	1,080	1,195
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,950	1,140	1,805
Refugees¹⁰⁸	540	295	240
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	90	65	25
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,750	3,690	4,060
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	125	85	40
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,585	745	835
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	325	150	175
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	670	310	360
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	70	25	40
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,980	2,370	2,615
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	139,265	69,210	70,050
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	12,075	6,015	6,055
South Asian	4,940	2,665	2,275
Chinese	1,495	765	730
Black	1,200	580	615
Filipino	1,280	490	785
Arab	175	90	85
Latin American	585	275	315
Southeast Asian	390	210	180
West Asian	170	90	80
Korean	375	220	160
Japanese	1,025	455	570
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	135	45	90
Multiple visible minorities	300	135	165
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	127,190	63,195	64,000
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	139,265	69,215	70,050
Canadian	18,615	9,515	9,100
English	39,935	19,220	20,715
Irish	24,480	11,685	12,795
Scottish	30,985	14,850	16,140
French, n.o.s.¹²²	13,060	6,260	6,800
German	22,525	11,145	11,380
Chinese	1,680	815	860
Italian	6,605	3,320	3,285
Indian (India)	2,970	1,600	1,365
Ukrainian	9,305	4,570	4,740
Dutch	7,000	3,525	3,480
Polish	4,715	2,235	2,480
Québécois	205	85	125
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,500	2,780	2,720
Filipino	1,345	525	820
French Canadian	1,500	750	750
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,880	1,495	1,385
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	7,790	3,820	3,965
Métis	5,335	2,585	2,755
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,595	1,715	1,880
Russian	3,865	1,780	2,085
Norwegian	5,870	2,770	3,105
Welsh	3,580	1,690	1,890
Portuguese	695	320	375
American	2,775	1,410	1,365
Spanish	1,020	420	600
Swedish	4,835	2,345	2,490
Hungarian	2,060	1,020	1,050
Acadian	215	120	95
Pakistani	225	115	110
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	515	200	320
Jewish	445	195	255
Punjabi	635	335	300
Vietnamese	260	130	130
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	95	45	50
Greek	510	235	265
Jamaican	210	105	110
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	345	170	175
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,535	770	765
Korean	355	185	165
Romanian	920	445	480
Lebanese	155	90	70
Iranian	130	70	60
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	245	115	130
Danish	2,095	1,005	1,090
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,425	745	675
Sikh	700	395	300
Austrian	1,830	940	890
Belgian	730	340	390
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	200	95	105
Mexican	595	355	240
Mennonite	445	240	205
Swiss	1,260	640	620
Finnish	1,435	685	755
Sri Lankan	60	25	35
Croatian	580	295	285
Japanese	1,220	555	675
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	165	85	90
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	120	65	55
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,315	590	725
Muslim	95	60	40
Egyptian	45	20	20
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	120	60	60
Tamil	25	15	10
Icelandic	880	445	435
Colombian	90	40	50
Moroccan	15	0	15
Czech	600	300	305
Syrian	95	45	50
Guyanese	20	10	10
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	65	30
Serbian	180	95	85
Ojibway	325	190	130
Newfoundlander	220	90	130
Hong Konger	40	30	10
Ontarian	120	40	80
Persian	55	40	20
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	95	20	70
Turkish	50	0	40
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	120	80	35
Bangladeshi	100	60	40
Algerian	15	15	0
Brazilian	120	45	70
Nigerian	185	85	100
Armenian	15	10	0
Slovak	380	210	175
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	370	195	170
Somali	15	15	0
Taiwanese	120	55	60
Iraqi	15	0	10
Salvadorean	25	15	10
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	95	50	40
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	50	20	30
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	10	20
Algonquin	25	10	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	215	70	140
South African	325	165	160
Australian	410	235	175
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	120	65	55
Congolese	10	0	0
Nova Scotian	55	20	35
Ethiopian	10	0	10
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45	15	25
Peruvian	40	15	25
Yoruba	95	65	30
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	10
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	15	0	10
Maltese	55	30	25
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	165	70	95
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	245	90	155
New Brunswicker	40	20	15
Gujarati	45	25	20
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	40	20	20
Israeli	25	15	10
Mohawk	105	45	55
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	220	125	100
Bulgarian	25	10	10
Albertan	205	95	115
Ghanaian	40	10	25
Barbadian	25	0	20
African American	85	40	45
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	225	120	105
Tunisian	15	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	95	40	50
Cuban	30	10	20
Bosnian	80	30	50
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	150	80	70
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	10	10	0
Indonesian	95	50	50
Laotian	10	0	0
Ilocano	40	15	25
Northern Irish	110	70	40
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	145	65	75
British Columbian	900	415	485
Ecuadorian	10	10	0
Franco Ontarian	35	15	20
Argentinian	65	15	50
Estonian	150	75	75
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	25	0	20
Jatt	35	20	20
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	105	55	45
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	70	20	50
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	85	45	40
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	35	20	15
Byelorussian	55	20	35
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	35	20	15
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	90	30	55
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	10	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	15	15
New Zealander	170	75	100
Sudanese	30	10	20
Breton	15	0	10
Pennsylvania Dutch	70	35	30
Malaysian	60	30	25
Plains Cree	25	10	15
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	10	10
Huron (Wendat)	15	0	10
Saskatchewanian	165	80	95
Buddhist	15	10	10
Gaspesian	10	0	0
Norman	45	25	20
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	35	20	15
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	10	15
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	15	10	10
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	25	0	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	35	20	15
Cape Bretoner	20	0	15
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	20	10	10
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	15	0	15
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	15	0	10
Cherokee	170	85	90
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	65	25	45
United Empire Loyalist	35	35	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	25	10	15
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	15	0	10
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	45	20	20
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	75	35	45
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	20	0	15
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	10
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	15	0	15
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	60	40	25
Costa Rican	15	15	0
African Nova Scotian	20	0	15
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	139,265	69,210	70,050
Buddhist	570	240	325
Christian	46,415	20,925	25,490
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,705	5,040	5,665
Anabaptist	230	100	130
Anglican	4,865	2,055	2,810
Baptist	1,840	785	1,055
Catholic	14,690	7,000	7,685
Christian Orthodox	515	250	265
Jehovah's Witness	1,105	525	585
Latter Day Saints	530	210	320
Lutheran	1,945	795	1,150
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	135	45	85
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,290	620	675
Presbyterian	655	270	385
Reformed	130	75	55
United Church	5,030	1,935	3,100
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,750	1,220	1,530
Hindu	1,115	605	510
Jewish	105	60	50
Muslim	960	530	430
Sikh	2,330	1,300	1,035
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	975	475	500
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,510	595	915
No religion and secular perspectives	85,280	44,490	40,790
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	138,075	68,645	69,435
Non-movers	119,010	59,380	59,630
Movers	19,060	9,265	9,800
Non-migrants	11,315	5,390	5,920
Migrants	7,750	3,870	3,880
Internal migrants	7,030	3,540	3,490
Intraprovincial migrants	5,350	2,715	2,630
Interprovincial migrants	1,680	820	860
External migrants	720	330	390
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	133,035	66,030	67,005
Non-movers	73,130	36,395	36,735
Movers	59,905	29,640	30,270
Non-migrants	24,825	12,175	12,645
Migrants	35,080	17,460	17,620
Internal migrants	31,420	15,570	15,850
Intraprovincial migrants	25,265	12,495	12,775
Interprovincial migrants	6,150	3,075	3,080
External migrants	3,660	1,895	1,770
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	118,290	58,510	59,785
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,255	11,965	9,300
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	97,030	46,545	50,485
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,465	36,260	37,205
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,040	4,805	3,240
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	65,425	31,460	33,965
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	118,290	58,505	59,780
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,945	9,740	8,205
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	39,830	19,705	20,120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	60,510	29,060	31,455
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,895	20,455	19,440
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,360	10,680	2,685
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,790	2,910	1,885
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,575	7,775	805
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,070	7,780	13,290
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,465	1,995	3,465
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,615	8,600	12,015
Bachelor's degree	13,655	5,640	8,015
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,665	635	1,030
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	635	385	255
Master's degree	4,115	1,655	2,460
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	545	295	250
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,460	36,265	37,200
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,470	3,800	2,675
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,185	12,010	11,175
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,805	20,455	23,355
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,715	14,095	13,620
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,940	7,180	1,760
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,170	1,930	1,240
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,770	5,250	520
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,750	5,415	9,335
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,030	1,505	2,530
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,085	6,355	9,730
Bachelor's degree	10,780	4,290	6,485
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,275	470	800
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	475	255	220
Master's degree	3,190	1,175	2,015
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	375	175	205
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	118,285	58,505	59,780
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	57,780	29,445	28,330
Education	4,815	1,220	3,590
13. Education	4,815	1,220	3,590
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,290	590	705
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	95	30
50. Visual and performing arts	1,165	495	670
Humanities	2,170	835	1,335
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	150	40	110
23. English language and literature/letters	555	160	400
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	695	225	470
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	70	45
39. Theology and religious vocations	305	170	135
54. History	285	145	140
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,880	1,505	3,375
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	10	65
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	390	170	225
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,095	60	1,035
22. Legal professions and studies	1,005	290	715
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	25	45
42. Psychology	810	220	590
45. Social sciences	1,425	725	700
Business, management and public administration	11,525	3,850	7,675
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,630	240	1,385
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,880	3,605	6,275
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,100	1,045	1,050
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	925	395	535
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	515	225	290
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10
40. Physical sciences	480	360	125
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	70	95
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,485	880	600
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,210	795	415
25. Library science	125	0	125
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	75	65
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,625	13,650	980
04. Architecture and related services	175	115	60
14. Engineering	1,525	1,280	245
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,550	2,240	310
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	4,175	4,015	155
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,345	4,210	140
48. Precision production	1,860	1,790	60
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,715	1,635	1,080
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,000	455	540
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,720	1,180	540
Health and related fields	10,695	1,580	9,115
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	455	245	215
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,980	1,185	8,795
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	250	145	100
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,200	2,265	1,935
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,400	690	1,710
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	650	485	165
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,140	1,075	60
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	73,465	36,260	37,200
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,660	15,810	13,850
Education	3,090	640	2,450
13. Education	3,090	640	2,450
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,055	450	595
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	35	15
50. Visual and performing arts	995	415	580
Humanities	1,595	605	995
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	120	35	95
23. English language and literature/letters	405	110	290
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	480	160	325
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	50	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	210	105	105
54. History	245	125	120
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,820	1,095	2,720
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	315	125	190
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	885	55	825
22. Legal professions and studies	820	200	625
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	15	30
42. Psychology	620	145	470
45. Social sciences	1,100	555	540
Business, management and public administration	8,495	2,895	5,600
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,200	170	1,030
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,295	2,730	4,565
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,540	750	790
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	700	285	420
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	405	170	235
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	350	260	90
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	35	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,215	775	440
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,045	715	330
25. Library science	80	0	80
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	50	30
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,015	9,230	790
04. Architecture and related services	140	90	45
14. Engineering	1,135	940	195
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,785	1,525	260
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,875	2,755	120
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,840	2,730	115
48. Precision production	1,240	1,185	55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,120	1,165	950
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	790	315	470
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,330	850	480
Health and related fields	7,840	1,220	6,625
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	370	190	175
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,265	915	6,345
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	195	105	95
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,010	1,635	1,375
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,730	545	1,185
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	460	330	130
49. Transportation and materials moving	820	760	60
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	73,465	36,260	37,200
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,660	15,810	13,850
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	43,800	20,450	23,350
Location of study inside Canada	39,685	18,440	21,245
Same as province or territory of residence	32,455	14,985	17,470
Different than province or territory of residence	7,225	3,450	3,775
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,125	2,015	2,105
Americas	990	460	535
United States of America	805	385	425
Mexico	90	45	40
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	35	0	35
Colombia	30	10	20
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	10	20
Europe	1,045	545	500
Belgium	20	10	10
France	10	10	0
Germany	95	60	35
Netherlands	30	15	15
Switzerland	70	30	40
Hungary	10	10	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	30	20	0
Romania	15	10	0
Russian Federation	20	0	20
Ukraine	45	20	25
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	535	295	240
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10
Other locations of study in Europe	120	50	75
Africa	280	140	140
Nigeria	55	25	30
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0
Tunisia	10	0	10
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	115	70	45
Other locations of study in Africa	75	35	40
Asia	1,585	760	820
Iran⁸⁸	45	20	25
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	120	60	60
Taiwan	20	0	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	0	20
Japan	60	10	50
Korea, South⁹²	75	30	40
Philippines	315	90	225
Viet Nam	15	0	15
Bangladesh	30	0	25
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	720	455	275
Pakistan	50	20	35
Other locations of study in Asia	85	50	35
Oceania	220	110	110
Australia	165	70	95
New Zealand	40	30	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	15	10	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	118,290	58,505	59,780
In the labour force	71,385	37,385	34,000
Employed	65,635	34,295	31,340
Unemployed	5,750	3,090	2,660
Not in the labour force	46,900	21,120	25,780
Participation rate	60.3	63.9	56.9
Employment rate	55.5	58.6	52.4
Unemployment rate	8.1	8.3	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	118,285	58,505	59,780
Did not work¹⁸⁶	46,865	21,525	25,340
Worked	71,425	36,985	34,440
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	36,360	20,525	15,835
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	35,065	16,460	18,610
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.6	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	71,385	37,380	34,000
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,440	790	655
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	69,940	36,595	33,350
Employee	59,885	30,805	29,080
Permanent position	49,925	26,200	23,720
Temporary position	9,960	4,605	5,360
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,435	980	1,455
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,525	3,625	3,900
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,055	5,790	4,265
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	71,385	37,380	34,000
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,440	790	655
All occupations¹⁹¹	69,940	36,595	33,350
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	460	310	155
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,070	2,430	7,640
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,935	2,980	960
3 Health occupations	6,220	1,105	5,120
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,350	2,730	5,620
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,530	590	945
6 Sales and service occupations	18,145	7,625	10,520
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15,475	14,140	1,335
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,545	2,805	740
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,205	1,885	320
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	71,385	37,380	34,000
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,440	790	655
All industries¹⁹¹	69,940	36,595	33,350
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,390	1,690	705
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,600	2,305	300
22 Utilities	445	345	105
23 Construction	6,845	5,825	1,025
31-33 Manufacturing	3,405	2,735	670
41 Wholesale trade	1,825	1,370	455
44-45 Retail trade	8,825	4,165	4,665
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,025	3,250	780
51 Information and cultural industries	675	370	300
52 Finance and insurance	1,425	435	985
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,040	500	545
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,120	2,040	2,080
55 Management of companies and enterprises	105	75	30
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,905	1,690	1,210
61 Educational services	4,725	1,440	3,290
62 Health care and social assistance	10,075	1,655	8,420
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,755	875	880
72 Accommodation and food services	5,215	2,135	3,085
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,985	1,480	1,500
91 Public administration	4,535	2,225	2,310
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	77,305	40,045	37,260
English	76,075	39,505	36,570
French	80	35	45
Non-official language	175	100	75
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	170	100	75
English and French	270	80	190
English and non-official language(s)	705	325	380
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	77,305	40,045	37,260
Single responses	77,190	39,990	37,200
Official languages	76,895	39,830	37,065
English	76,770	39,785	36,990
French	125	45	80
Non-official languages	290	160	130
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	20	0	15
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	20	0	15
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	270	155	115
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	145	80	65
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	25	10	10
German	25	10	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	90	45	40
Indo-Aryan languages	90	45	40
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	45	35
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	25	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	35	25	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	40	20	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	45	30
Chinese languages	75	45	30
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	30	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	120	55	60
English and French	40	10	25
English and non-official language(s)	80	45	35
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	77,305	40,045	37,260
None	76,445	39,695	36,750
English	160	70	90
French	185	60	130
Non-official language	420	185	240
Indigenous³⁹	80	15	65
Non-Indigenous	335	170	170
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	95	45	55
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	65,635	34,295	31,340
Worked at home	9,265	3,980	5,285
Worked outside Canada	95	70	25
No fixed workplace address	10,870	8,270	2,600
Usual place of work	45,415	21,980	23,435
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	45,410	21,980	23,435
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	33,735	14,895	18,840
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,895	5,865	4,030
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,385	895	485
Commute to a different province or territory	405	325	80
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	56,280	30,245	26,030
Car, truck or van	49,275	26,915	22,360
Car, truck or van - as a driver	45,955	25,300	20,655
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,320	1,615	1,705
Public transit	1,915	810	1,105
Walked	3,270	1,320	1,945
Bicycle	470	345	125
Other method	1,345	850	495
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	56,280	30,245	26,030
Less than 15 minutes	24,215	11,520	12,695
15 to 29 minutes	20,995	11,225	9,770
30 to 44 minutes	5,360	3,375	1,985
45 to 59 minutes	2,500	1,605	895
60 minutes and over	3,210	2,530	680
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	56,280	30,245	26,030
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,580	3,610	975
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,240	6,855	3,385
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,225	7,820	7,410
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,645	4,560	7,075
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,020	2,445	3,580
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,570	4,960	3,610
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	25,730	13,230	12,500
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,575	790	780
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,155	12,440	11,720
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,970	9,780	9,190
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,215	615	600
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	705	340	360
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	510	270	240
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,755	9,165	8,595

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table