Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Qikiqtaaluk, Region (REG)More information: Nunavut [Census division] Remove	NunavutMore information: [Territory] Remove
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	19,355	36,858
Population, 2016¹	18,988	35,944
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.9	2.5
Total private dwellings²	6,573	11,720
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	5,530	9,926
Population density per square kilometre	0.0	0.0
Land area in square kilometres	970,554.61	1,836,993.78
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	19,355	36,855
0 to 14 years	6,155	12,080
0 to 4 years	2,230	4,385
5 to 9 years	1,975	3,990
10 to 14 years	1,945	3,705
15 to 64 years	12,420	23,170
15 to 19 years	1,535	3,085
20 to 24 years	1,410	2,860
25 to 29 years	1,610	2,990
30 to 34 years	1,605	3,040
35 to 39 years	1,380	2,370
40 to 44 years	1,205	2,110
45 to 49 years	1,060	1,930
50 to 54 years	1,090	1,985
55 to 59 years	870	1,615
60 to 64 years	655	1,190
65 years and over	780	1,605
65 to 69 years	390	720
70 to 74 years	235	485
75 to 79 years	85	220
80 to 84 years	30	105
85 years and over	35	80
85 to 89 years	25	60
90 to 94 years	10	20
95 to 99 years	0	0
100 years and over	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	31.8	32.8
15 to 64 years	64.2	62.9
65 years and over	4.0	4.4
85 years and over	0.2	0.2
Average age of the population	28.7	28.3
Median age of the population	26.8	25.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	5,530	9,925
Single-detached house	2,140	4,275
Semi-detached house	590	960
Row house	1,600	3,025
Apartment or flat in a duplex	20	190
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,070	1,345
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	100	110
Other single-attached house	5	5
Movable dwelling⁴	5	5
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	5,530	9,925
1 person	1,190	1,955
2 persons	1,195	1,915
3 persons	770	1,415
4 persons	765	1,400
5 or more persons	1,605	3,245
Number of persons in private households	19,220	36,605
Average household size	3.5	3.7
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	13,200	24,780
Married or living common-law	6,545	12,485
Married	3,050	6,210
Living common-law	3,490	6,275
Living common law - Never married	3,280	5,925
Living common law - Separated	50	100
Living common law - Divorced	130	195
Living common law - Widowed	25	50
Not married and not living common-law	6,655	12,290
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,735	10,575
Not married and not living common law - Separated	250	465
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	315	480
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	365	770
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	4,745	9,075
2 persons	1,700	3,075
3 persons	1,050	2,075
4 persons	895	1,665
5 or more persons	1,095	2,260
Average size of census families	3.5	3.6
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.2	2.2
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	4,745	9,070
Total couple families	3,175	6,065
Married couples	1,430	2,925
With children⁶	1,050	2,265
Without children	375	660
Common-law couples	1,750	3,140
With children⁶	1,305	2,370
Without children	445	770
Total one-parent families	1,575	3,010
in which the parent is a woman+	1,105	2,095
in which the parent is a man+	465	915
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,220	36,605
Total - Persons in census families	16,530	32,260
Married spouses or common-law partners	6,350	12,125
Parents in one-parent families	1,570	3,005
Children⁶	8,610	17,120
In a two-parent family	5,845	11,710
In a one-parent family	2,760	5,415
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,690	4,340
Living alone	1,195	1,955
Living with other relatives⁷	1,005	1,730
Living with non-relatives only	495	660
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	5,530	9,925
One-census-family households without additional persons	3,005	5,545
Couple-family households	2,245	4,115
With children⁶	1,660	3,195
Without children	585	920
One-parent-family households	760	1,430
Multigenerational households⁸	655	1,340
Multiple-census-family households⁹	90	180
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	305	505
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	280	400
One-person households	1,190	1,955
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	13,065	24,535
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,645	23,595
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,645	23,595
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,580	19,165
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,660	17,705
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,580	23,485
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,960	6,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	955	2,060
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,750	6,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,965	8,620
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	13,065	24,540
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,645	23,595
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,200	57,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,645	23,595
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,150	49,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,580	19,165
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,650	56,950
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,665	17,705
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,800	58,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,580	23,485
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,860	11,010
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	955	2,060
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,480	8,510
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,970	8,615
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,140	10,470
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	13,065	24,540
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,785	8,185
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	102,000	95,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	100,000	93,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,595	4,775
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,520	33,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.2	80.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	79.6	76.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.8	19.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.7	7.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.1	6.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	13,070	24,540
Without total income	420	945
With total income	12,650	23,590
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,990	3,825
$10,000 to $19,999	1,555	3,005
$20,000 to $29,999	1,540	3,220
$30,000 to $39,999	1,060	2,265
$40,000 to $49,999	825	1,630
$50,000 to $59,999	625	1,200
$60,000 to $69,999	455	890
$70,000 to $79,999	445	815
$80,000 to $89,999	530	880
$90,000 to $99,999	460	840
$100,000 and over	3,165	5,025
$100,000 to $149,999	2,285	3,700
$150,000 and over	880	1,325
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	13,070	24,540
Without after-tax income	420	945
With after-tax income	12,650	23,590
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,990	3,835
$10,000 to $19,999	1,585	3,065
$20,000 to $29,999	1,645	3,415
$30,000 to $39,999	1,150	2,410
$40,000 to $49,999	885	1,755
$50,000 to $59,999	670	1,295
$60,000 to $69,999	645	1,145
$70,000 to $79,999	620	1,095
$80,000 to $89,999	650	1,120
$90,000 to $99,999	700	1,145
$100,000 and over	2,105	3,310
$100,000 to $124,999	1,330	2,150
$125,000 and over	775	1,160
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	13,070	24,540
Without employment income	3,405	6,830
With employment income	9,660	17,705
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,565	3,275
$5,000 to $9,999	765	1,575
$10,000 to $19,999	935	1,965
$20,000 to $29,999	640	1,270
$30,000 to $39,999	455	910
$40,000 to $49,999	405	730
$50,000 to $59,999	395	690
$60,000 to $69,999	370	655
$70,000 to $79,999	415	670
$80,000 to $89,999	480	810
$90,000 to $99,999	410	755
$100,000 and over	2,830	4,400
$100,000 to $124,999	1,245	1,925
$125,000 and over	1,585	2,470
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	13,065	24,535
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,900	22,155
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,900	22,155
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,330	19,045
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,925	18,360
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,715	20,390
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,900	3,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	985	1,975
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	13,065	24,540
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,905	22,155
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,700	55,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,905	22,155
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,080	47,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,325	19,040
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,750	55,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,930	18,360
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,350	54,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,715	20,390
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,740	8,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980	1,970
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,900	9,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	13,065	24,540
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,755	8,115
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	95,000	88,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	92,500	86,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,440	4,515
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,000	36,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.4	86.2
Employment income (%)	84.4	82.2
Government transfers (%)	11.7	13.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	5,530	9,925
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	123,000	118,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	108,000	104,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,190	1,955
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	80,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	76,000	69,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	4,335	7,970
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	137,000	128,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,000	115,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	5,530	9,925
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	142,400	136,000
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	121,500	117,400
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,190	1,955
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	89,600	84,900
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	74,800	71,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	4,340	7,970
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	156,800	148,600
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,400	128,800
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	5,530	9,925
Under $5,000	50	100
$5,000 to $9,999	60	100
$10,000 to $14,999	85	130
$15,000 to $19,999	65	145
$20,000 to $24,999	100	210
$25,000 to $29,999	120	230
$30,000 to $34,999	135	250
$35,000 to $39,999	80	165
$40,000 to $44,999	140	245
$45,000 to $49,999	100	240
$50,000 to $59,999	240	455
$60,000 to $69,999	270	510
$70,000 to $79,999	225	455
$80,000 to $89,999	265	500
$90,000 to $99,999	230	435
$100,000 and over	3,375	5,765
$100,000 to $124,999	675	1,145
$125,000 to $149,999	610	1,085
$150,000 to $199,999	795	1,385
$200,000 and over	1,295	2,145
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	5,530	9,925
Under $5,000	50	105
$5,000 to $9,999	60	100
$10,000 to $14,999	85	130
$15,000 to $19,999	70	150
$20,000 to $24,999	105	220
$25,000 to $29,999	130	245
$30,000 to $34,999	125	240
$35,000 to $39,999	100	195
$40,000 to $44,999	120	240
$45,000 to $49,999	125	260
$50,000 to $59,999	265	495
$60,000 to $69,999	325	615
$70,000 to $79,999	270	510
$80,000 to $89,999	300	575
$90,000 to $99,999	365	605
$100,000 and over	3,030	5,225
$100,000 to $124,999	810	1,430
$125,000 to $149,999	560	1,000
$150,000 and over	1,660	2,795
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	4,180	7,775
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,000	126,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,000	113,000
Average family size of economic families	4.2	4.4
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	610	945
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	198,000	184,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	166,000	154,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,295	4,495
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,000	143,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	129,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	5.2	5.3
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,065	1,965
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	75,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	70,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.3	3.4
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,690	2,615
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	79,500	71,500
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	67,500	62,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	4,180	7,775
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	154,800	146,600
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,800	127,300
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	610	950
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	199,000	186,800
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000	154,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,295	4,495
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	173,200	163,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,800	142,400
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,060	1,965
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,200	89,800
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,400	80,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,690	2,615
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	82,900	80,100
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	69,400	67,100
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,225	36,600
0 to 17 years	7,090	13,945
0 to 5 years	2,620	5,155
18 to 64 years	11,365	21,085
65 years and over	765	1,570
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,740	5,385
0 to 17 years	1,310	2,635
0 to 5 years	500	1,035
18 to 64 years	1,350	2,605
65 years and over	80	145
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.3	14.7
0 to 17 years (%)	18.5	18.9
0 to 5 years (%)	19.0	20.1
18 to 64 years (%)	11.9	12.4
65 years and over (%)	10.6	9.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	0	0
0 to 17 years	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0
18 to 64 years	0	0
65 years and over	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0	0
0 to 17 years	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0
18 to 64 years	0	0
65 years and over	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x
65 years and over (%)	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,225	36,600
In bottom half of the distribution	9,145	18,155
In bottom decile	2,300	4,460
In second decile	2,255	4,250
In third decile	1,645	3,530
In fourth decile	1,410	3,065
In fifth decile	1,535	2,845
In top half of the distribution	10,080	18,440
In sixth decile	1,395	2,835
In seventh decile	1,470	2,965
In eighth decile	1,605	3,070
In ninth decile	1,840	3,725
In top decile	3,770	5,850
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,220	36,605
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.376	0.366
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.510	0.520
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.342	0.331
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.4	5.0
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	19,230	36,645
English only	16,530	33,105
French only	55	65
English and French	1,180	1,390
Neither English nor French	1,465	2,085
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	19,230	36,645
English	17,195	33,955
French	520	575
English and French	85	95
Neither English nor French	1,440	2,025
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	19,230	36,645
Single responses	18,020	32,750
Official languages	4,915	12,620
English	4,455	12,100
French	465	520
Non-official languages	13,100	20,130
Indigenous languages³⁹	12,540	19,380
Algonquian languages	10	15
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	15
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	5	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	5
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	12,530	19,370
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	230
Inuinnaqtun	5	215
Inuvialuktun	0	10
Inuktitut	12,520	19,130
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	560	745
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	65
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Hausa	0	0
Mina	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	60	60
Amharic	20	20
Arabic	30	35
Aramaic languages	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	0	0
Maltese	0	0
Tigrigna	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	165	215
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	5
Cebuano	0	0
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	5
Ilocano	5	10
Indonesian	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	145	185
Waray-Waray	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Creole languages	20	15
Haitian Creole	10	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Krio	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	25
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	10
Tamil	15	15
Telugu	0	0
Tulu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	180	260
Albanian	0	0
Armenian	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	35	55
Baltic languages	0	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	30	55
Belarusian	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0
Czech	0	0
Macedonian	0	5
Polish	10	10
Russian	10	20
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	10
Bosnian	0	0
Croatian	5	5
Serbian	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	5
Ukrainian	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Irish	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Welsh	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	25	40
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	15	20
German	15	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	10
Afrikaans	5	5
Dutch	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	10
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	5	5
Swedish	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	40	80
Indo-Aryan languages	40	70
Assamese	0	0
Bengali	5	15
Gujarati	5	10
Hindi	10	10
Kacchi	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0
Konkani	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0
Odia	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	10
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	10
Urdu	15	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	5	10
Baluchi	0	0
Kurdish	0	0
Parsi	0	0
Pashto	0	0
Persian languages	0	5
Dari	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	80
Catalan	0	0
Italian	0	0
Portuguese	10	10
Romanian	5	5
Spanish	50	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	0	0
Korean	10	10
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	65	85
Akan (Twi)	0	5
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	0	0
Éwé	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0
Igbo	5	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	15	20
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0
Swahili	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	15	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nuer	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0
Sign languages	5	10
American Sign Language	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	45
Chinese languages	30	45
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	20	25
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0
Burmese	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0
Lao	0	0
Thai	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0
Kazakh	0	0
Turkish	0	0
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	5	10
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	0
Hungarian	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	1,215	3,890
English and French	85	110
English and non-official language(s)	1,085	3,730
French and non-official language(s)	20	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	15	20
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	19,230	36,645
English	4,445	11,635
French	225	235
Non-official language	7,135	10,010
Indigenous³⁹	7,070	9,915
Non-Indigenous	65	100
English and French	295	335
English and non-official language(s)	7,000	14,260
French and non-official language(s)	25	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	110
Multiple non-official languages	20	35
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	19,230	36,645
Single responses	17,580	32,875
Official languages	6,775	17,395
English	6,455	17,060
French	320	340
Non-official languages	10,800	15,475
Indigenous languages³⁹	10,600	15,190
Algonquian languages	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	5
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10,595	15,180
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	75
Inuinnaqtun	0	65
Inuvialuktun	0	10
Inuktitut	10,585	15,100
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	200	290
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	20
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Hausa	0	0
Mina	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	20	20
Amharic	15	15
Arabic	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	0	0
Maltese	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	80	110
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	0	0
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	5
Indonesian	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	100
Waray-Waray	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Creole languages	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Krio	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	15
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	0
Tamil	10	10
Telugu	0	0
Tulu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	85
Albanian	0	0
Armenian	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	10
Baltic languages	0	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	5	10
Belarusian	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0
Czech	0	0
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	0	0
Russian	5	10
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0
Bosnian	0	0
Croatian	0	0
Serbian	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Irish	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Welsh	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	0	0
German	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	0
Swedish	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	45
Indo-Aryan languages	20	45
Assamese	0	0
Bengali	0	5
Gujarati	0	5
Hindi	0	0
Kacchi	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0
Konkani	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0
Odia	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	10
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	15	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0
Baluchi	0	0
Kurdish	0	0
Parsi	0	0
Pashto	0	0
Persian languages	0	0
Dari	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	30
Catalan	0	0
Italian	5	0
Portuguese	0	0
Romanian	5	5
Spanish	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	0	0
Korean	0	0
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	0	0
Éwé	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0
Igbo	0	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	5	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	5	5
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0
Swahili	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nuer	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0
Sign languages	5	15
American Sign Language	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10
Chinese languages	10	10
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	10	10
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0
Burmese	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0
Lao	0	0
Thai	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0
Kazakh	0	0
Turkish	0	0
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	0
Hungarian	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	1,655	3,765
English and French	90	95
English and non-official language(s)	1,555	3,660
French and non-official language(s)	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	19,230	36,645
None	13,415	25,590
English	3,700	5,470
French	165	185
Non-official language	1,840	5,230
Indigenous³⁹	1,615	4,905
Non-Indigenous	225	325
English and French	10	15
English and non-official language(s)	20	30
French and non-official language(s)	50	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	35	65
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	19,225	36,600
Official languages	17,755	34,515
English	17,700	34,455
French	1,240	1,455
Non-official languages	15,175	26,870
Indigenous languages³⁹	14,280	25,650
Algonquian languages	25	40
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	25	30
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	10	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10
Innu (Montagnais)	15	15
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	14,270	25,635
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	530
Inuinnaqtun	10	515
Inuvialuktun	0	15
Inuktitut	14,270	25,130
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	10	20
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	965	1,315
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	105
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	10	10
Hausa	0	0
Mina	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	80	90
Amharic	20	20
Arabic	55	65
Aramaic languages	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	10	10
Maltese	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	220	295
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	10
Cebuano	0	10
Fijian	10	10
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	10	15
Indonesian	0	10
Kankanaey	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0
Malay	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	215	285
Waray-Waray	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Creole languages	30	35
Haitian Creole	20	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Krio	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10
Dravidian languages	25	35
Kannada	0	10
Malayalam	0	10
Tamil	15	25
Telugu	0	0
Tulu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	405	560
Albanian	0	0
Armenian	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	85
Baltic languages	0	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	40	85
Belarusian	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0
Czech	0	0
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	10	15
Russian	20	35
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10
Bosnian	0	0
Croatian	10	10
Serbian	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0
Ukrainian	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10
Irish	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Welsh	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Germanic languages	70	90
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	55	60
German	55	60
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	15
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	0	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	15
Danish	0	10
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	10
Swedish	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	65	125
Indo-Aryan languages	60	115
Assamese	0	0
Bengali	10	20
Gujarati	10	10
Hindi	30	50
Kacchi	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0
Konkani	0	0
Marathi	10	0
Nepali	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0
Odia	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	30
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	10
Urdu	35	50
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	0	10
Baluchi	0	0
Kurdish	0	0
Parsi	0	0
Pashto	10	10
Persian languages	0	10
Dari	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	240	290
Catalan	0	0
Italian	20	25
Portuguese	15	20
Romanian	10	10
Spanish	210	240
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	15	20
Korean	10	10
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	135	180
Akan (Twi)	0	15
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	0	0
Éwé	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0
Igbo	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	10	10
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	20	25
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	25	35
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0
Swahili	10	10
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	40	50
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	45
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nuer	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
African, n.o.s.	10	10
Sign languages	30	60
American Sign Language	20	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	75
Chinese languages	50	70
Hakka	10	10
Mandarin	30	35
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0
Burmese	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	10
Lao	0	0
Thai	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0
Kazakh	0	0
Turkish	10	10
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	0	15
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	0
Hungarian	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,225	36,605
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,415	31,390
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	15,275	31,160
First Nations (North American Indian)	120	180
Métis	80	120
Inuk (Inuit)	15,075	30,865
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	105	200
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	30
Non-Indigenous identity	3,810	5,210
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,225	36,605
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	75	120
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	19,150	36,475
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	5,530	9,925
Owner	1,050	1,905
Renter	4,480	8,020
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	5,530	9,925
Condominium	505	800
Not condominium	5,025	9,125
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	5,530	9,925
No bedrooms	35	60
1 bedroom	855	1,420
2 bedrooms	2,065	3,915
3 bedrooms	1,705	3,010
4 or more bedrooms	865	1,525
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	5,530	9,925
1 to 4 rooms	2,855	4,850
5 rooms	1,125	2,225
6 rooms	820	1,540
7 rooms	375	705
8 or more rooms	350	610
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.7	4.8
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	5,530	9,925
One person or fewer per room	4,415	7,715
More than one person per room	1,115	2,215
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	5,530	9,925
Suitable	3,945	6,615
Not suitable	1,585	3,310
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	5,530	9,925
1960 or before	125	235
1961 to 1980	1,070	2,140
1981 to 1990	950	1,860
1991 to 2000	1,210	2,110
2001 to 2005	535	825
2006 to 2010	575	915
2011 to 2015	580	1,015
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	475	825
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	5,530	9,925
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	4,300	7,285
Major repairs needed	1,225	2,640
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	5,530	9,925
One-maintainer household	3,525	6,175
Two-maintainer household	1,770	3,275
Three-or-more-maintainer household	235	480
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	5,530	9,925
15 to 24 years	175	300
25 to 34 years	1,190	2,155
35 to 44 years	1,430	2,375
45 to 54 years	1,290	2,370
55 to 64 years	980	1,730
65 to 74 years	365	725
75 to 84 years	75	220
85 years and over	25	50
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	5,520	9,910
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,140	9,345
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	380	560
30% to less than 100%	305	445
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	5,530	9,925
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,585	5,140
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	285	395
Not suitable only	1,035	2,040
Major repairs needed only	670	1,345
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40	65
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	50	90
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	500	1,190
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	15
Acceptable housing	2,945	4,785
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	5,450	9,790
In core need	1,605	3,225
Not in core need	3,840	6,570
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,050	1,905
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.1	58.3
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.1	7.6
% in core housing need⁶³	12.4	14.9
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,240	1,490
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,212	1,818
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	400,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	483,000	410,800
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,480	8,020
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	84.9	85.9
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.6	5.3
% in core housing need⁶³	33.6	37.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	705	408
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	964	822
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	19,220	36,600
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	13,565	27,770
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	13,505	27,570
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	105	170
Métis single ancestry	20	20
Inuit single ancestry	13,385	27,375
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	55	195
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	50	160
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	10
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,875	3,585
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,825	3,485
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	185	245
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	45
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,600	3,195
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50	105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	85
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	3,780	5,250
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	19,220	36,600
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	18,895	36,180
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,060	13,900
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	11,835	22,275
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	325	425
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	19,220	36,600
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	18,330	35,365
Immigrants⁸¹	825	1,165
Before 1980	80	125
1980 to 1990	45	70
1991 to 2000	85	125
2001 to 2010	295	405
2011 to 2021⁸²	325	445
2011 to 2015	155	205
2016 to 2021	165	240
Non-permanent residents⁸³	65	75
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	825	1,165
Under 5 years	75	100
5 to 14 years	125	175
15 to 24 years	120	180
25 to 44 years	430	605
45 years and over	70	105
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	825	1,165
Americas	130	200
Brazil	10	10
Colombia	0	0
El Salvador	0	0
Guyana	0	10
Haiti	10	10
Jamaica	20	45
Mexico	10	10
Peru	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	10
United States of America	40	65
Other places of birth in Americas	35	40
Europe	120	170
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0
Croatia	10	10
France	10	15
Germany	10	15
Greece	0	0
Hungary	0	10
Italy	0	0
Netherlands	0	0
Poland	10	10
Portugal	0	0
Romania	10	10
Russian Federation	10	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0
Ukraine	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	55
Other places of birth in Europe	10	35
Africa	240	305
Algeria	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0
Egypt	0	0
Eritrea	0	0
Ethiopia	20	20
Morocco	10	0
Nigeria	45	65
Somalia	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	150	190
Asia	335	480
Afghanistan	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	10
Iraq	0	0
Lebanon	10	10
Syria⁸⁹	0	0
Turkey	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	10	10
Taiwan	0	0
Philippines	195	255
Viet Nam	0	0
Bangladesh	0	15
India	35	65
Pakistan	25	35
Sri Lanka	10	15
Other places of birth in Asia	15	35
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	170	240
Americas	20	50
Brazil	0	0
Colombia	0	0
Haiti	0	0
Jamaica	10	15
Mexico	0	0
United States of America	10	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10
Europe	10	10
France	0	0
Germany	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0
Italy	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0
Ukraine	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0
Africa	55	70
Algeria	0	0
Burundi	0	0
Cameroon	10	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0
Egypt	0	0
Eritrea	0	0
Ethiopia	15	15
Morocco	0	0
Nigeria	10	15
Somalia	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0
Tunisia	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	25
Asia	75	105
Afghanistan	0	0
Bangladesh	0	10
China⁹⁰	0	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0
India	15	25
Iran⁸⁸	0	0
Iraq	0	0
Israel	0	0
Japan	0	0
Jordan	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0
Lebanon	0	0
Nepal	0	0
Pakistan	0	0
Philippines	40	50
Saudi Arabia	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	10
Syria⁸⁹	0	0
Turkey	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0
Australia	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	19,225	36,600
First generation¹⁰⁰	935	1,295
Second generation¹⁰¹	755	1,050
Third generation or more¹⁰²	17,535	34,255
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	745	1,040
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	420	595
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	220	320
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	195	275
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	215	295
Refugees¹⁰⁸	105	135
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	745	1,040
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	75	110
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	115	160
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	15
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	55	80
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	485	670
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	19,225	36,605
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	980	1,325
South Asian	105	175
Chinese	50	65
Black	435	565
Filipino	230	315
Arab	35	35
Latin American	50	60
Southeast Asian	15	15
West Asian	0	10
Korean	10	10
Japanese	10	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	15	20
Multiple visible minorities	40	50
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	18,245	35,280
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	19,220	36,600
Canadian	605	1,025
English	975	1,405
Irish	1,110	1,580
Scottish	1,285	2,095
French, n.o.s.¹²²	660	880
German	430	610
Chinese	55	100
Italian	120	160
Indian (India)	50	90
Ukrainian	95	160
Dutch	135	185
Polish	100	135
Québécois	55	60
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	190	285
Filipino	235	305
French Canadian	125	145
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	310	605
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	60	100
Métis	80	125
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	240	400
Russian	70	95
Norwegian	90	120
Welsh	125	170
Portuguese	45	100
American	65	150
Spanish	45	55
Swedish	60	100
Hungarian	45	80
Acadian	70	95
Pakistani	20	30
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	115	255
Jewish	40	50
Punjabi	0	10
Vietnamese	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10	10
Greek	20	25
Jamaican	50	75
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	45	55
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	140
Korean	15	15
Romanian	10	30
Lebanese	30	45
Iranian	10	20
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	40	70
Danish	35	130
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	40	65
Sikh	0	0
Austrian	15	20
Belgian	15	20
Haitian	25	25
Hindu	0	0
Mexican	20	20
Mennonite	15	15
Swiss	25	40
Finnish	35	40
Sri Lankan	10	15
Croatian	20	25
Japanese	10	15
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	10	20
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	80	100
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	20
Muslim	0	0
Egyptian	10	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	10
Tamil	20	20
Icelandic	10	20
Colombian	10	15
Moroccan	0	15
Czech	0	10
Syrian	10	10
Guyanese	10	10
Afghan	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	75
Serbian	0	0
Ojibway	15	20
Newfoundlander	65	80
Hong Konger	0	0
Ontarian	10	10
Persian	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	15
Turkish	0	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15,020	30,700
Bangladeshi	10	15
Algerian	0	0
Brazilian	10	10
Nigerian	30	40
Armenian	0	0
Slovak	0	30
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	20
Somali	0	10
Taiwanese	0	0
Iraqi	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	10
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	10
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0
Algonquin	10	20
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0
South African	15	20
Australian	10	10
Palestinian	0	0
Chilean	0	0
Congolese	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	10
Ethiopian	25	25
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	10
Peruvian	0	0
Yoruba	30	40
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0
Berber	0	0
Albanian	0	0
Maltese	0	10
Macedonian	0	0
Slovenian	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	15
New Brunswicker	10	10
Gujarati	0	0
Eritrean	10	10
African Canadian	0	10
Israeli	0	0
Mohawk	20	25
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0
Albertan	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0
Barbadian	0	0
African American	10	30
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	10
Tunisian	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0
Cuban	0	0
Bosnian	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	50	85
Latvian	10	10
Bengali	0	0
Cameroonian	45	50
Guatemalan	0	0
Indonesian	0	0
Laotian	0	0
Ilocano	0	10
Northern Irish	10	10
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0
British Columbian	0	10
Ecuadorian	10	10
Franco Ontarian	0	0
Argentinian	0	0
Estonian	0	0
Kurdish	0	0
Fijian	10	10
Jatt	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Thai	0	0
Dominican	10	10
Nepali	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Assyrian	0	0
Igbo	10	10
Byelorussian	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	60
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0
Abenaki	0	0
Moldovan	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0
New Zealander	10	20
Sudanese	0	0
Breton	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	10
Malaysian	10	10
Plains Cree	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	10
Huron (Wendat)	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0
Buddhist	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0
Norman	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0
Ivorian	10	10
Saulteaux	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0
Burundian	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0
Mauritian	0	0
Kenyan	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Vincentian	0	0
Jordanian	0	0
Manitoban	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0
Rwandan	0	0
Grenadian	0	0
Malayali	0	0
Chaldean	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0
Mayan	0	15
Honduran	0	0
Cherokee	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10
Indo-Caribbean	0	0
Flemish	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0
Senegalese	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0
Sicilian	0	0
Pashtun	0	0
Malay	0	0
Goan	10	10
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	15
Tibetan	0	0
Zimbabwean	30	30
Burmese	0	0
Mongolian	20	20
Azorean	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Bamileke	15	15
Indo-Guyanese	0	0
Ugandan	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0
Yemeni	0	0
Central African	0	0
Libyan	10	10
Basque	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	10
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	20
Igorot	10	10
Fulani	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0
Guinean	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0
Maliseet	10	10
Beninese	0	0
Telugu	0	0
Roma	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0
Malagasy	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0
Singaporean	0	0
Karen	0	0
Edo	15	15
Tajik	0	0
Amhara	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	19,225	36,605
Buddhist	10	15
Christian	13,485	26,915
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,025	2,015
Anabaptist	10	15
Anglican	8,945	14,295
Baptist	70	95
Catholic	2,615	8,235
Christian Orthodox	30	40
Jehovah's Witness	30	50
Latter Day Saints	15	25
Lutheran	15	25
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	40
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	340	1,450
Presbyterian	30	55
Reformed	0	0
United Church	125	165
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	200	415
Hindu	35	55
Jewish	25	35
Muslim	95	140
Sikh	0	10
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	90	180
Other religions and spiritual traditions	110	135
No religion and secular perspectives	5,370	9,115
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	18,730	35,635
Non-movers	16,600	32,160
Movers	2,130	3,465
Non-migrants	1,380	2,220
Migrants	755	1,250
Internal migrants	740	1,220
Intraprovincial migrants	260	490
Interprovincial migrants	475	730
External migrants	15	30
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	16,990	32,220
Non-movers	10,835	21,200
Movers	6,155	11,025
Non-migrants	3,645	7,005
Migrants	2,510	4,015
Internal migrants	2,355	3,830
Intraprovincial migrants	840	1,630
Interprovincial migrants	1,510	2,195
External migrants	150	185
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,065	24,540
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,640	14,030
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	6,425	10,510
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,370	17,065
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,090	8,865
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	5,285	8,195
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,070	24,535
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,040	12,740
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,490	4,540
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,535	7,260
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,675	4,655
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	585	1,235
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	325	690
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	255	545
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,880	3,080
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	210	335
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,860	2,605
Bachelor's degree	1,145	1,635
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	125	165
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	20	35
Master's degree	530	715
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	50
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,375	17,060
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,530	7,700
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,720	2,920
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,115	6,435
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,370	4,025
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	515	1,070
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	290	595
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	225	470
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,680	2,685
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	170	275
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,750	2,410
Bachelor's degree	1,060	1,490
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	120	150
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	30
Master's degree	505	680
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	50
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	13,070	24,535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,535	17,280
Education	505	880
13. Education	505	880
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	140	165
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	25
50. Visual and performing arts	120	140
Humanities	205	310
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	110
23. English language and literature/letters	30	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35	55
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	30
54. History	35	50
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	710	935
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	155	230
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	65
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	125	185
22. Legal professions and studies	120	140
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	35
42. Psychology	50	60
45. Social sciences	185	230
Business, management and public administration	1,025	1,700
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	140	240
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	885	1,460
Physical and life sciences and technologies	170	245
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	75	100
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10
40. Physical sciences	45	65
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	100	140
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	80	110
25. Library science	10	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	695	1,275
04. Architecture and related services	25	35
14. Engineering	80	110
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	180	290
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0
46. Construction trades	250	505
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	125	265
48. Precision production	30	60
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	150	220
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	135	200
Health and related fields	445	680
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	45	75
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	390	585
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	395	710
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	125	210
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0
43. Security and protective services	75	110
49. Transportation and materials moving	190	390
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,370	17,060
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,250	10,625
Education	460	785
13. Education	460	785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	125	140
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	20
50. Visual and performing arts	105	120
Humanities	175	255
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	100
23. English language and literature/letters	30	40
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	20
54. History	30	45
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	635	820
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	115	160
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	60
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	120	175
22. Legal professions and studies	110	130
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	25
42. Psychology	45	60
45. Social sciences	170	210
Business, management and public administration	955	1,530
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	125	205
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	825	1,325
Physical and life sciences and technologies	160	220
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	75	100
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10
40. Physical sciences	35	50
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	90	130
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	75	100
25. Library science	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	630	1,125
04. Architecture and related services	25	35
14. Engineering	75	100
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	160	265
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0
46. Construction trades	230	445
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	110	225
48. Precision production	25	55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	130	185
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	170
Health and related fields	405	610
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	45	70
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	355	525
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	355	630
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	115	185
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0
43. Security and protective services	70	105
49. Transportation and materials moving	170	345
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	9,370	17,060
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,250	10,625
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	4,120	6,440
Location of study inside Canada	3,660	5,810
Same as province or territory of residence	1,355	2,400
Different than province or territory of residence	2,300	3,410
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	460	630
Americas	90	130
United States of America	70	95
Mexico	0	0
Cuba	0	0
Haiti	0	0
Jamaica	10	15
Brazil	0	0
Colombia	0	0
Peru	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	10
Europe	100	130
Belgium	10	10
France	10	10
Germany	0	0
Netherlands	0	0
Switzerland	0	0
Hungary	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0
Poland	0	0
Romania	0	10
Russian Federation	0	0
Ukraine	10	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	45
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0
Italy	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	25
Africa	80	100
Nigeria	25	30
Algeria	0	0
Morocco	0	10
Tunisia	0	0
Egypt	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10
Other locations of study in Africa	45	55
Asia	170	245
Iran⁸⁸	0	0
Iraq	0	0
Israel	0	0
Lebanon	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0
Turkey	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	15
Taiwan	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0
Japan	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0
Philippines	115	160
Viet Nam	0	0
Bangladesh	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	10
India	25	35
Pakistan	10	15
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0
Oceania	15	15
Australia	15	10
New Zealand	10	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	13,070	24,535
In the labour force	7,930	14,380
Employed	6,820	11,945
Unemployed	1,110	2,435
Not in the labour force	5,135	10,155
Participation rate	60.7	58.6
Employment rate	52.2	48.7
Unemployment rate	14.0	16.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	13,070	24,535
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,240	10,815
Worked	7,825	13,720
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,955	8,445
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,870	5,275
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	7,935	14,380
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	470	1,130
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	7,460	13,255
Employee	7,145	12,795
Permanent position	5,160	9,105
Temporary position	1,990	3,695
Fixed term (1 year or more)	560	935
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,430	2,755
Self-employed¹⁹²	315	455
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	7,935	14,380
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	470	1,130
All occupations¹⁹¹	7,460	13,255
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	190	270
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,475	2,420
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	320	475
3 Health occupations	290	540
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,750	2,950
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	310	435
6 Sales and service occupations	1,620	3,110
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,290	2,610
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	110	240
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	105	210
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	7,935	14,380
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	470	1,130
All industries¹⁹¹	7,460	13,255
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	90	150
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130	400
22 Utilities	160	335
23 Construction	325	630
31-33 Manufacturing	45	80
41 Wholesale trade	45	100
44-45 Retail trade	820	1,610
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	310	595
51 Information and cultural industries	100	145
52 Finance and insurance	45	105
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	195	415
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	220	325
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	225	380
61 Educational services	800	1,525
62 Health care and social assistance	655	1,310
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	165	250
72 Accommodation and food services	210	360
81 Other services (except public administration)	175	315
91 Public administration	2,740	4,220
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	8,620	15,180
English	4,260	8,130
French	30	30
Non-official language	645	885
Indigenous³⁹	645	880
Non-Indigenous	0	0
English and French	245	260
English and non-official language(s)	3,405	5,825
French and non-official language(s)	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	40
Multiple non-official languages	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	8,620	15,180
Single responses	7,530	13,320
Official languages	5,570	10,455
English	5,510	10,400
French	60	60
Non-official languages	1,965	2,860
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,965	2,865
Algonquian languages	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	1,955	2,855
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	10
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	1,955	2,850
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0
Amharic	0	0
Arabic	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Hebrew	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	0
Indonesian	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Creole languages	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	0
Tamil	0	0
Telugu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0
Albanian	0	0
Armenian	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0
Czech	0	0
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	0	0
Russian	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0
Bosnian	0	0
Croatian	0	0
Serbian	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	0	0
German	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	0
Swedish	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0
Bengali	0	0
Gujarati	0	0
Hindi	0	0
Kacchi	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0
Kurdish	0	0
Pashto	0	0
Persian languages	0	0
Dari	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0
Catalan	0	0
Italian	0	0
Portuguese	0	0
Romanian	0	0
Spanish	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	0	0
Korean	0	0
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Swahili	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sign languages	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	0	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0
Burmese	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0
Lao	0	0
Thai	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0
Turkish	0	0
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	0
Hungarian	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	1,085	1,860
English and French	25	25
English and non-official language(s)	1,060	1,825
French and non-official language(s)	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	8,620	15,180
None	6,015	10,900
English	1,335	1,995
French	200	220
Non-official language	1,035	2,025
Indigenous³⁹	1,030	2,020
Non-Indigenous	0	0
English and French	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	20	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	6,820	11,945
Worked at home	710	870
Worked outside Canada	0	10
No fixed workplace address	585	1,205
Usual place of work	5,525	9,870
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,525	9,870
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,205	9,155
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	260	520
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	45	145
Commute to a different province or territory	15	50
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,105	11,075
Car, truck or van	3,535	5,760
Car, truck or van - as a driver	2,530	4,155
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,010	1,610
Public transit	40	100
Walked	2,010	3,970
Bicycle	10	30
Other method	510	1,215
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,105	11,075
Less than 15 minutes	5,190	9,670
15 to 29 minutes	750	1,095
30 to 44 minutes	80	135
45 to 59 minutes	15	40
60 minutes and over	65	130
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,105	11,075
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	135	190
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	345	515
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,025	1,770
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,375	6,305
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	615	1,225
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	605	1,065
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	7,200	14,180
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	400	535
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,805	13,645
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,820	9,500
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	265	360
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	170	215
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	90	140
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,555	9,140

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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