Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Mount Pearl, City (CY)More information: Newfoundland and Labrador [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	22,477	...	...
Population, 2016¹	23,120^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 2.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	10,685	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	9,931	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,436.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	15.65	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	22,475	10,810	11,665
0 to 14 years	2,830	1,460	1,370
0 to 4 years	850	440	405
5 to 9 years	950	490	455
10 to 14 years	1,035	525	510
15 to 64 years	14,800	7,155	7,650
15 to 19 years	1,055	535	520
20 to 24 years	1,265	660	610
25 to 29 years	1,390	710	685
30 to 34 years	1,490	745	745
35 to 39 years	1,480	730	755
40 to 44 years	1,385	645	735
45 to 49 years	1,450	695	755
50 to 54 years	1,590	735	855
55 to 59 years	1,895	855	1,045
60 to 64 years	1,790	845	945
65 years and over	4,845	2,200	2,645
65 to 69 years	1,790	835	955
70 to 74 years	1,345	625	720
75 to 79 years	885	400	490
80 to 84 years	490	210	280
85 years and over	325	130	200
85 to 89 years	235	100	140
90 to 94 years	70	25	50
95 to 99 years	15	5	5
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.6	13.5	11.7
15 to 64 years	65.9	66.2	65.6
65 years and over	21.6	20.4	22.7
85 years and over	1.4	1.2	1.7
Average age of the population	44.5	43.4	45.6
Median age of the population	46.0	44.4	47.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	9,930	...	...
Single-detached house	4,505	...	...
Semi-detached house	740	...	...
Row house	925	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,415	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	335	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	9,930	...	...
1 person	2,710	...	...
2 persons	3,975	...	...
3 persons	1,770	...	...
4 persons	1,105	...	...
5 or more persons	370	...	...
Number of persons in private households	22,355	10,765	11,595
Average household size	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	19,645	9,350	10,300
Married or living common-law	11,530	5,740	5,795
Married	9,255	4,610	4,645
Living common-law	2,275	1,130	1,150
Living common law - Never married	1,730	840	885
Living common law - Separated	75	45	30
Living common law - Divorced	435	225	210
Living common law - Widowed	40	15	20
Not married and not living common-law	8,110	3,605	4,500
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,305	2,755	2,550
Not married and not living common law - Separated	410	160	255
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,280	455	825
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,110	240	875
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,980	...	...
2 persons	4,045	...	...
3 persons	1,690	...	...
4 persons	1,000	...	...
5 or more persons	245	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,980	...	...
Total couple families	5,720	...	...
Married couples	4,580	...	...
With children⁶	2,100	...	...
Without children	2,480	...	...
Common-law couples	1,140	...	...
With children⁶	405	...	...
Without children	740	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,260	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,010	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	255	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	22,355	10,760	11,595
Total - Persons in census families	18,435	9,080	9,350
Married spouses or common-law partners	11,440	5,700	5,740
Parents in one-parent families	1,260	250	1,005
Children⁶	5,735	3,130	2,605
In a two-parent family	3,940	2,170	1,770
In a one-parent family	1,790	960	835
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,925	1,685	2,240
Living alone	2,715	1,105	1,605
Living with other relatives⁷	500	190	305
Living with non-relatives only	715	385	330
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	9,935	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	6,365	...	...
Couple-family households	5,330	...	...
With children⁶	2,335	...	...
Without children	3,000	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,035	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	215	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	35	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	235	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	365	...	...
One-person households	2,710	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	19,525	9,305	10,225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,970	9,005	9,965
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,400	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,975	9,010	9,970
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,400	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,775	8,180	8,590
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,600	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,580	6,800	6,780
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,400	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,095	6,760	8,335
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,300	12,600	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,670	1,480	1,195
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,960	6,240	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,840	2,450	2,390
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	19,590	9,325	10,265
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,050	9,080	9,975
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,560	56,500	45,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,055	9,080	9,975
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,840	45,880	38,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,880	8,225	8,655
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,840	52,050	39,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,595	6,845	6,750
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,840	51,350	40,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,215	6,860	8,360
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,470	12,400	12,530
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,790	1,570	1,225
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,860	8,130	7,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,775	2,505	2,270
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,910	9,040	8,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	19,595	9,330	10,260
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,980	3,495	3,485
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	65,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,900	75,800	60,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,880	2,465	2,415
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,200	20,000	15,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,120	29,640	22,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.4	83.4	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.6	68.6	60.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.7	16.6	23.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.3	2.5	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.9	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	4.4	4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	19,525	9,300	10,225
Without total income	555	295	260
With total income	18,970	9,010	9,960
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,150	500	645
$10,000 to $19,999	2,155	780	1,375
$20,000 to $29,999	2,830	1,215	1,610
$30,000 to $39,999	2,805	1,230	1,580
$40,000 to $49,999	2,605	1,235	1,370
$50,000 to $59,999	1,995	920	1,075
$60,000 to $69,999	1,455	755	700
$70,000 to $79,999	1,045	580	465
$80,000 to $89,999	825	455	370
$90,000 to $99,999	585	305	275
$100,000 and over	1,535	1,030	505
$100,000 to $149,999	1,080	670	410
$150,000 and over	450	360	95
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	19,525	9,300	10,225
Without after-tax income	550	290	255
With after-tax income	18,975	9,010	9,965
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,250	520	730
$10,000 to $19,999	2,230	830	1,400
$20,000 to $29,999	3,495	1,535	1,960
$30,000 to $39,999	3,485	1,565	1,925
$40,000 to $49,999	2,930	1,400	1,530
$50,000 to $59,999	2,010	1,030	975
$60,000 to $69,999	1,275	705	575
$70,000 to $79,999	885	470	420
$80,000 to $89,999	485	285	195
$90,000 to $99,999	280	180	100
$100,000 and over	640	490	150
$100,000 to $124,999	345	260	90
$125,000 and over	295	230	65
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	19,525	9,300	10,225
Without employment income	5,940	2,505	3,440
With employment income	13,585	6,795	6,785
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,985	900	1,080
$5,000 to $9,999	955	450	510
$10,000 to $19,999	1,475	705	765
$20,000 to $29,999	1,310	625	685
$30,000 to $39,999	1,250	580	670
$40,000 to $49,999	1,460	680	775
$50,000 to $59,999	1,200	530	665
$60,000 to $69,999	910	515	390
$70,000 to $79,999	760	430	335
$80,000 to $89,999	610	325	285
$90,000 to $99,999	490	250	240
$100,000 and over	1,185	805	375
$100,000 to $124,999	580	345	230
$125,000 and over	600	455	150
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	19,525	9,305	10,225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,730	8,880	9,850
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,000	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,740	8,880	9,860
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,000	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,735	8,135	8,600
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,200	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,815	6,885	6,930
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,000	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,455	5,865	7,595
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,900	8,900	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,310	1,255	1,050
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,550	6,550	6,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	19,590	9,325	10,265
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,855	8,960	9,890
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,520	56,700	43,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,870	8,960	9,910
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,360	45,080	36,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,940	8,215	8,715
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,280	55,100	39,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,005	7,060	6,945
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,520	53,100	39,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,685	5,930	7,750
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,730	9,320	10,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,420	1,290	1,130
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,340	8,340	8,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	19,595	9,330	10,260
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,970	3,490	3,475
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	63,600	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,800	74,300	57,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,620	2,330	2,285
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	26,000	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,360	38,000	26,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.8	89.2	81.8
Employment income (%)	69.8	73.8	65.0
Government transfers (%)	14.3	10.9	18.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.1	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	9,930	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,710	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	7,215	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	9,935	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,715	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,480	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	7,215	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	9,930	...	...
Under $5,000	40	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	145	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	145	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	340	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	330	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	365	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	425	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	415	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	375	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	775	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	765	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	730	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	675	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	600	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,755	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,245	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	840	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	955	...	...
$200,000 and over	715	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	9,930	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	145	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	155	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	390	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	415	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	450	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	485	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	490	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	465	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	935	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	930	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	825	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	830	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	600	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,730	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,150	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	680	...	...
$150,000 and over	900	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,950	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,010	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,540	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,185	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,425	1,490	1,935
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	40,400	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,000	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,970	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,050	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,540	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,160	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,410	1,485	1,920
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,320	50,200	43,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,360	41,720	37,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	22,355	10,765	11,595
0 to 17 years	3,425	1,765	1,655
0 to 5 years	1,035	535	500
18 to 64 years	14,150	6,810	7,340
65 years and over	4,785	2,185	2,600
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,170	905	1,265
0 to 17 years	500	245	250
0 to 5 years	145	65	75
18 to 64 years	1,145	500	650
65 years and over	525	160	360
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.7	8.4	10.9
0 to 17 years (%)	14.5	14.0	15.1
0 to 5 years (%)	13.8	12.8	15.2
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	7.3	8.9
65 years and over (%)	11.0	7.5	13.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	22,360	10,760	11,595
0 to 17 years	3,425	1,770	1,655
0 to 5 years	1,040	540	500
18 to 64 years	14,150	6,810	7,340
65 years and over	4,785	2,185	2,595
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	775	340	435
0 to 17 years	150	70	80
0 to 5 years	50	25	25
18 to 64 years	575	255	320
65 years and over	45	15	35
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.5	3.2	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.4	3.9	4.9
0 to 5 years (%)	4.6	4.0	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1	3.8	4.3
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.5	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	22,355	10,765	11,595
In bottom half of the distribution	11,330	5,225	6,110
In bottom decile	1,820	780	1,035
In second decile	2,225	985	1,240
In third decile	2,290	1,055	1,230
In fourth decile	2,485	1,185	1,305
In fifth decile	2,510	1,215	1,295
In top half of the distribution	11,025	5,535	5,490
In sixth decile	2,395	1,185	1,210
In seventh decile	2,595	1,320	1,280
In eighth decile	2,205	1,100	1,105
In ninth decile	2,195	1,110	1,080
In top decile	1,630	820	815
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	22,360	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.304	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.420	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.263	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	22,420	10,775	11,645
English only	21,115	10,255	10,860
French only	0	0	0
English and French	1,280	500	780
Neither English nor French	25	20	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	22,420	10,775	11,645
English	22,340	10,720	11,620
French	60	35	20
English and French	5	0	5
Neither English nor French	20	15	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	22,420	10,775	11,645
Single responses	22,295	10,720	11,575
Official languages	21,980	10,565	11,415
English	21,920	10,530	11,395
French	60	40	25
Non-official languages	310	155	160
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	315	155	155
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	10	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	25	10	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	60	25	30
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	25	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	5	0	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	140	80	60
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	15	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	10	5
German	15	10	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	25	25
Indo-Aryan languages	35	15	20
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	5
Gujarati	5	0	0
Hindi	5	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	5	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0
Urdu	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	30	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	0
Portuguese	10	5	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	30	20	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	5
American Sign Language	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	20
Chinese languages	40	20	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	5
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	120	55	70
English and French	50	20	30
English and non-official language(s)	65	30	35
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	22,420	10,775	11,645
English	21,960	10,545	11,420
French	10	10	5
Non-official language	65	40	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	65	40	25
English and French	90	50	45
English and non-official language(s)	265	125	140
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	15	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	22,420	10,775	11,645
Single responses	22,355	10,745	11,610
Official languages	22,210	10,665	11,545
English	22,190	10,655	11,535
French	20	10	10
Non-official languages	150	80	70
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	150	80	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	20	20
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	20	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	35	20
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages	20	5	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	5	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	15	5
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	20	15	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	5	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10
Chinese languages	20	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	65	30	35
English and French	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	25
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	22,420	10,775	11,645
None	22,090	10,615	11,480
English	80	35	45
French	80	40	45
Non-official language	135	70	65
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5
Non-Indigenous	130	65	65
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	22,355	10,775	11,585
Official languages	22,325	10,740	11,585
English	22,325	10,740	11,585
French	1,270	490	770
Non-official languages	595	305	285
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	10	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	10	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	580	295	280
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	95	25	65
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	10	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	25	65
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	300	175	125
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	10	0
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	100	55	45
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	65	40	30
German	65	40	30
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	25	10	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	20	25
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	20
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	20	10	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	10	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	150	95	60
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	30	25	0
Portuguese	20	10	10
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	100	60	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0
Korean	10	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	70	30	35
American Sign Language	65	30	35
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	35	20
Chinese languages	50	35	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	25	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	15	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	15	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,360	10,770	11,585
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	655	310	350
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	615	295	320
First Nations (North American Indian)	395	195	200
Métis	130	45	85
Inuk (Inuit)	95	55	35
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	0	20
Non-Indigenous identity	21,700	10,465	11,235
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,360	10,770	11,585
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	220	130	95
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	22,140	10,645	11,490
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	9,930	...	...
Owner	7,050	...	...
Renter	2,880	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	9,930	...	...
Condominium	425	...	...
Not condominium	9,505	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	9,930	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...
1 bedroom	780	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,795	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,615	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,740	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	9,930	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,690	...	...
5 rooms	1,205	...	...
6 rooms	1,400	...	...
7 rooms	1,540	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,105	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	9,930	...	...
One person or fewer per room	9,920	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	9,930	...	...
Suitable	9,770	...	...
Not suitable	160	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	9,930	...	...
1960 or before	675	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,790	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,205	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,765	...	...
2001 to 2005	420	...	...
2006 to 2010	325	...	...
2011 to 2015	435	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	315	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	9,930	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	9,560	...	...
Major repairs needed	370	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	9,930	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,660	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,965	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	300	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	9,930	...	...
15 to 24 years	215	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,245	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,570	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,690	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,230	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,855	...	...
75 to 84 years	910	...	...
85 years and over	215	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	9,920	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	8,060	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,860	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,790	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	9,930	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,235	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,710	...	...
Not suitable only	120	...	...
Major repairs needed only	260	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	7,695	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	9,845	...	...
In core need	990	...	...
Not in core need	8,860	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,050	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	290,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	296,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,885	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	26.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	949	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	22,355	10,770	11,585
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	425	175	250
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	420	170	250
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	315	135	175
Métis single ancestry	35	10	20
Inuit single ancestry	75	25	45
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	810	385	425
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	755	370	380
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	525	275	255
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	25	50
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	70	75
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50	15	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	20
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	21,125	10,210	10,915
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	22,355	10,770	11,585
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	22,050	10,595	11,455
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,315	1,675	1,640
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	18,735	8,915	9,815
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	310	175	130
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	22,355	10,770	11,585
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	21,740	10,425	11,315
Immigrants⁸¹	510	280	230
Before 1980	140	85	55
1980 to 1990	50	45	10
1991 to 2000	30	10	25
2001 to 2010	85	50	40
2011 to 2021⁸²	200	95	105
2011 to 2015	65	35	25
2016 to 2021	140	60	80
Non-permanent residents⁸³	105	65	40
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	510	280	230
Under 5 years	40	20	15
5 to 14 years	55	25	25
15 to 24 years	95	55	45
25 to 44 years	260	145	115
45 years and over	55	30	20
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	510	280	230
Americas	130	85	40
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	35	15	15
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0
United States of America	60	40	25
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	150	100	45
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	25	20	10
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	10	10	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	10	0	0
Romania	10	0	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	40	20
Other places of birth in Europe	25	20	0
Africa	30	20	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	15	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0
Asia	190	65	125
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	20	10	0
China⁹⁰	35	15	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	80	25	60
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	20	10	15
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	135	60	80
Americas	50	35	15
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	15	15
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	15	10	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	80	25	55
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	50	20	35
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	22,360	10,775	11,585
First generation¹⁰⁰	690	380	310
Second generation¹⁰¹	995	530	470
Third generation or more¹⁰²	20,675	9,865	10,810
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	370	195	175
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	170	90	80
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	110	65	45
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	60	25	35
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	185	90	95
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10	10	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	370	195	175
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	10	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	95	60	35
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	60	35	25
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	190	90	100
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	22,360	10,770	11,585
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	510	275	230
South Asian	55	30	25
Chinese	100	55	50
Black	120	80	40
Filipino	115	35	75
Arab	0	0	0
Latin American	70	55	20
Southeast Asian	30	20	10
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	10
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	21,845	10,495	11,355
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	22,355	10,775	11,585
Canadian	5,840	2,725	3,115
English	8,260	4,095	4,165
Irish	7,165	3,460	3,700
Scottish	1,660	795	865
French, n.o.s.¹²²	945	525	425
German	320	190	125
Chinese	95	60	35
Italian	230	95	135
Indian (India)	20	10	10
Ukrainian	55	35	20
Dutch	115	65	50
Polish	55	30	30
Québécois	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	840	410	430
Filipino	110	45	70
French Canadian	20	10	10
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,330	600	730
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	140	75	60
Métis	130	40	90
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	350	165	180
Russian	20	10	15
Norwegian	115	40	70
Welsh	310	165	135
Portuguese	75	25	55
American	170	90	80
Spanish	55	25	35
Swedish	55	35	20
Hungarian	15	10	10
Acadian	40	20	20
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0
Jewish	30	20	0
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	45	25	20
Jamaican	30	30	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	10	10
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	10	0	0
Korean	20	0	10
Romanian	10	0	10
Lebanese	30	0	30
Iranian	15	10	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	45	25	25
Danish	20	20	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	45	20	30
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	15	0	10
Belgian	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	20	10	10
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	10	0	0
Finnish	40	25	15
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	475	210	270
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	60	30	30
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	50	45	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	20	10	10
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	15	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	1,455	700	755
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	15	15	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	0
Turkish	20	10	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	230	105	130
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	10
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	25	15	10
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	20	0	20
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	10	10
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	10	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	25	25	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	10	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	15	20
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	15	40
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	175	90	90
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	22,360	10,770	11,585
Buddhist	20	0	15
Christian	18,215	8,645	9,570
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	750	365	390
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	3,765	1,720	2,045
Baptist	100	50	50
Catholic	9,055	4,265	4,790
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	50	25	35
Latter Day Saints	25	10	15
Lutheran	35	25	10
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	875	430	445
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	520	260	260
Presbyterian	60	35	25
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	2,790	1,380	1,410
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	185	80	110
Hindu	30	10	15
Jewish	0	0	0
Muslim	25	15	10
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	85	35	45
No religion and secular perspectives	3,985	2,060	1,925
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	22,235	10,715	11,520
Non-movers	20,450	9,880	10,565
Movers	1,785	835	950
Non-migrants	990	460	530
Migrants	800	380	420
Internal migrants	735	335	405
Intraprovincial migrants	640	295	345
Interprovincial migrants	100	40	60
External migrants	65	45	15
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	21,545	10,355	11,190
Non-movers	15,320	7,375	7,945
Movers	6,225	2,980	3,245
Non-migrants	1,860	875	985
Migrants	4,365	2,100	2,260
Internal migrants	4,200	2,010	2,190
Intraprovincial migrants	3,740	1,740	2,005
Interprovincial migrants	460	275	185
External migrants	165	90	70
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,595	9,330	10,265
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,435	1,225	1,210
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	17,160	8,105	9,055
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,480	5,950	6,535
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	950	545	405
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	11,540	5,410	6,130
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,590	9,330	10,265
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,250	1,110	1,140
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,890	2,940	2,950
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,460	5,280	6,175
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,810	3,760	4,050
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,775	1,175	600
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	940	455	485
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	835	715	120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,535	2,390	3,145
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	505	195	305
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,640	1,515	2,125
Bachelor's degree	2,645	1,105	1,535
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	145	65	80
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	20	15
Master's degree	745	275	470
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70	50	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,485	5,950	6,530
No certificate, diploma or degree	830	470	360
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,030	1,620	1,415
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,625	3,860	4,760
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,710	2,720	2,985
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,295	860	435
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	690	335	355
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	610	530	85
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,085	1,740	2,345
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	330	125	200
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,910	1,135	1,775
Bachelor's degree	2,085	830	1,260
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	120	45	75
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	10	20
Master's degree	620	220	405
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	35	20
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	19,595	9,330	10,265
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,135	4,050	4,090
Education	790	195	590
13. Education	790	195	590
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	220	105	115
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	45	20
50. Visual and performing arts	165	70	95
Humanities	385	155	230
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	10	10
23. English language and literature/letters	75	30	40
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	110	40	75
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	10	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	20	30
54. History	60	25	35
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	890	260	625
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	65	25	40
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	205	10	195
22. Legal professions and studies	85	30	60
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	10	10
42. Psychology	145	20	120
45. Social sciences	355	160	200
Business, management and public administration	3,025	870	2,155
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	195	30	165
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,820	835	1,985
Physical and life sciences and technologies	255	130	125
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	95	35	60
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	75	45	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	60	45	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	545	325	215
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	480	300	190
25. Library science	25	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	20	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,685	2,445	240
04. Architecture and related services	25	15	10
14. Engineering	350	280	70
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	780	680	100
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	825	795	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	515	490	25
48. Precision production	190	180	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	135	45	85
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	105	25	75
03. Natural resources and conservation	35	25	10
Health and related fields	1,705	295	1,410
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	90	50	40
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,610	240	1,370
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	820	440	385
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	455	115	340
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	145	125	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	215	200	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	12,480	5,950	6,535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,860	2,090	1,770
Education	520	115	405
13. Education	520	115	405
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	200	100	105
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	30	10
50. Visual and performing arts	160	70	90
Humanities	275	120	155
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	10	10
23. English language and literature/letters	60	20	35
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	80	30	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	10	20
54. History	45	20	20
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	10	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	740	180	565
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	20	35
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	195	10	180
22. Legal professions and studies	60	15	45
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	0
42. Psychology	120	20	105
45. Social sciences	285	100	185
Business, management and public administration	2,265	600	1,665
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	155	15	140
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,100	580	1,515
Physical and life sciences and technologies	165	85	80
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	60	20	40
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	35	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	40	30	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	495	300	190
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	440	280	165
25. Library science	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	20	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,970	1,745	225
04. Architecture and related services	20	10	10
14. Engineering	275	205	65
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	560	475	90
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	605	575	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	365	345	20
48. Precision production	150	140	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	125	45	80
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95	20	75
03. Natural resources and conservation	30	25	0
Health and related fields	1,190	215	965
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	85	45	40
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,105	175	930
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	680	350	330
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	385	95	290
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	115	90	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	180	160	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	12,480	5,950	6,535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,860	2,090	1,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	8,620	3,860	4,760
Location of study inside Canada	8,420	3,770	4,650
Same as province or territory of residence	7,490	3,340	4,150
Different than province or territory of residence	930	430	500
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	205	90	115
Americas	70	30	45
United States of America	50	20	30
Mexico	10	0	10
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	10	10
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	55	35	20
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	10	10	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	10	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	65	20	50
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	50	10	40
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	10	0	0
Australia	10	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	19,590	9,330	10,265
In the labour force	11,880	5,970	5,910
Employed	10,695	5,250	5,445
Unemployed	1,185	720	460
Not in the labour force	7,720	3,360	4,355
Participation rate	60.6	64.0	57.6
Employment rate	54.6	56.3	53.0
Unemployment rate	10.0	12.1	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	19,595	9,330	10,265
Did not work¹⁸⁶	7,440	3,210	4,230
Worked	12,155	6,120	6,030
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,085	3,550	3,540
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,065	2,575	2,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	41.5	42.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	11,875	5,970	5,910
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	265	150	110
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	11,615	5,815	5,795
Employee	10,735	5,315	5,420
Permanent position	8,505	4,105	4,405
Temporary position	2,230	1,210	1,020
Fixed term (1 year or more)	685	335	350
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,540	880	665
Self-employed¹⁹²	880	505	375
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	11,875	5,970	5,910
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	265	150	110
All occupations¹⁹¹	11,615	5,815	5,795
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	105	60	45
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,355	710	1,645
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	850	670	180
3 Health occupations	960	135	830
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,490	390	1,100
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	220	120	100
6 Sales and service occupations	3,285	1,575	1,710
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,890	1,775	115
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	205	170	35
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	255	215	40
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	11,875	5,970	5,910
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	265	150	110
All industries¹⁹¹	11,615	5,815	5,795
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	120	90	35
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	245	185	65
22 Utilities	110	60	55
23 Construction	790	725	65
31-33 Manufacturing	470	335	135
41 Wholesale trade	440	315	125
44-45 Retail trade	1,720	845	875
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	545	445	100
51 Information and cultural industries	165	105	60
52 Finance and insurance	315	100	215
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	105	65	45
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	695	440	250
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	0	20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	485	320	165
61 Educational services	835	290	545
62 Health care and social assistance	1,890	325	1,565
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	160	95	65
72 Accommodation and food services	675	315	360
81 Other services (except public administration)	560	230	335
91 Public administration	1,245	535	710
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	12,810	6,465	6,345
English	12,575	6,360	6,220
French	15	10	10
Non-official language	30	30	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	30	0
English and French	140	45	95
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	25
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	12,810	6,465	6,345
Single responses	12,785	6,455	6,340
Official languages	12,760	6,420	6,340
English	12,725	6,405	6,315
French	35	15	20
Non-official languages	35	35	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	35	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	0
American Sign Language	10	10	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	10	10
English and French	15	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	12,810	6,465	6,345
None	12,640	6,405	6,235
English	20	10	10
French	120	35	85
Non-official language	30	10	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	10	20
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	10,695	5,245	5,445
Worked at home	1,710	715	1,000
Worked outside Canada	10	0	0
No fixed workplace address	1,155	810	345
Usual place of work	7,815	3,725	4,090
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,815	3,725	4,090
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,490	1,160	1,330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,195	2,470	2,725
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	70	50	25
Commute to a different province or territory	55	45	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	8,975	4,535	4,440
Car, truck or van	8,320	4,245	4,075
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,400	3,885	3,515
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	925	360	565
Public transit	125	60	65
Walked	250	70	175
Bicycle	15	15	0
Other method	260	145	115
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	8,975	4,535	4,440
Less than 15 minutes	4,085	2,005	2,080
15 to 29 minutes	4,210	2,100	2,110
30 to 44 minutes	330	200	135
45 to 59 minutes	95	50	50
60 minutes and over	250	185	65
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	8,975	4,535	4,440
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	325	260	65
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,015	660	360
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,955	1,525	1,425
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,550	1,145	1,410
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	890	325	565
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,235	620	610
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,495	1,810	1,685
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	120	60	60
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,370	1,750	1,620
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,585	1,340	1,245
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	85	40	45
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	35	15	20
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	45	20	25
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,500	1,300	1,200

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 11, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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