Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Summerside, City (CY)More information: Prince Edward Island [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	16,001	...	...
Population, 2016¹	14,839^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	7,393	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,097	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	567.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	28.21	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	16,005	7,590	8,415
0 to 14 years	2,310	1,215	1,095
0 to 4 years	635	335	295
5 to 9 years	815	435	380
10 to 14 years	855	440	415
15 to 64 years	9,800	4,705	5,095
15 to 19 years	855	430	425
20 to 24 years	1,090	590	500
25 to 29 years	820	425	390
30 to 34 years	850	420	430
35 to 39 years	880	405	475
40 to 44 years	880	405	470
45 to 49 years	1,005	485	525
50 to 54 years	985	455	530
55 to 59 years	1,240	575	670
60 to 64 years	1,200	515	680
65 years and over	3,895	1,670	2,225
65 to 69 years	1,100	500	595
70 to 74 years	1,025	465	560
75 to 79 years	710	285	425
80 to 84 years	535	215	320
85 years and over	530	200	330
85 to 89 years	355	135	220
90 to 94 years	120	40	80
95 to 99 years	45	20	25
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	16.0	13.0
15 to 64 years	61.2	62.0	60.5
65 years and over	24.3	22.0	26.4
85 years and over	3.3	2.6	3.9
Average age of the population	44.9	43.0	46.7
Median age of the population	46.8	44.0	49.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,095	...	...
Single-detached house	3,485	...	...
Semi-detached house	735	...	...
Row house	755	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	250	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,350	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	40	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	475	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,095	...	...
1 person	2,385	...	...
2 persons	2,665	...	...
3 persons	955	...	...
4 persons	705	...	...
5 or more persons	385	...	...
Number of persons in private households	15,545	7,380	8,165
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	13,695	6,375	7,320
Married or living common-law	7,330	3,645	3,690
Married	5,935	2,955	2,975
Living common-law	1,395	690	710
Living common law - Never married	910	435	470
Living common law - Separated	115	65	50
Living common law - Divorced	320	165	155
Living common law - Widowed	55	20	30
Not married and not living common-law	6,365	2,730	3,635
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,815	2,015	1,805
Not married and not living common law - Separated	490	175	320
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	970	335	635
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,085	210	880
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	4,400	...	...
2 persons	2,600	...	...
3 persons	865	...	...
4 persons	630	...	...
5 or more persons	305	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	4,405	...	...
Total couple families	3,550	...	...
Married couples	2,850	...	...
With children⁶	1,150	...	...
Without children	1,695	...	...
Common-law couples	700	...	...
With children⁶	290	...	...
Without children	410	...	...
Total one-parent families	855	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	675	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	180	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	15,545	7,380	8,165
Total - Persons in census families	11,965	5,845	6,120
Married spouses or common-law partners	7,100	3,530	3,575
Parents in one-parent families	850	180	670
Children⁶	4,010	2,140	1,875
In a two-parent family	2,675	1,410	1,265
In a one-parent family	1,340	725	610
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,580	1,535	2,040
Living alone	2,380	875	1,505
Living with other relatives⁷	315	150	165
Living with non-relatives only	885	510	375
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,100	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,050	...	...
Couple-family households	3,330	...	...
With children⁶	1,350	...	...
Without children	1,980	...	...
One-parent-family households	725	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	100	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	15	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	165	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	375	...	...
One-person households	2,380	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	13,245	6,170	7,075
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,870	5,965	6,905
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,870	5,965	6,905
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,200	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,135	5,355	5,780
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,000	33,600	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,885	4,410	4,475
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000	34,800	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,705	4,705	6,000
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,100	12,400	13,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,345	1,130	1,210
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,600	7,200	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,290	1,500	1,795
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	13,265	6,200	7,065
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,885	5,980	6,910
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,000	47,920	38,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,885	5,980	6,910
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,640	39,880	33,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,185	5,330	5,860
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,120	43,040	31,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,900	4,410	4,490
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,800	42,160	33,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,815	4,770	6,045
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,860	11,930	13,580
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,350	1,135	1,215
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,740	8,400	7,140
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,325	1,430	1,895
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	8,180	8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	13,265	6,200	7,065
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,215	2,295	1,920
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	51,600	46,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,250	60,650	53,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,750	1,665	2,090
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,700	16,200	13,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,780	24,480	19,620
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.0	80.2	69.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.7	65.0	56.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.1	19.9	30.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.3	3.3	3.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0	4.8	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.9	4.1	5.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	13,245	6,170	7,075
Without total income	380	210	170
With total income	12,865	5,965	6,900
Under $10,000 (including loss)	920	390	525
$10,000 to $19,999	1,650	615	1,040
$20,000 to $29,999	2,465	1,015	1,455
$30,000 to $39,999	2,120	955	1,165
$40,000 to $49,999	1,930	920	1,005
$50,000 to $59,999	1,305	650	655
$60,000 to $69,999	830	465	370
$70,000 to $79,999	535	310	220
$80,000 to $89,999	325	170	155
$90,000 to $99,999	275	140	135
$100,000 and over	510	340	175
$100,000 to $149,999	365	230	140
$150,000 and over	150	105	40
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	13,245	6,170	7,075
Without after-tax income	375	210	170
With after-tax income	12,865	5,965	6,900
Under $10,000 (including loss)	955	400	550
$10,000 to $19,999	1,770	670	1,095
$20,000 to $29,999	3,020	1,270	1,750
$30,000 to $39,999	2,585	1,215	1,370
$40,000 to $49,999	1,935	970	970
$50,000 to $59,999	1,135	605	530
$60,000 to $69,999	610	340	265
$70,000 to $79,999	370	175	190
$80,000 to $89,999	175	100	75
$90,000 to $99,999	95	65	30
$100,000 and over	215	150	70
$100,000 to $124,999	105	70	40
$125,000 and over	105	85	25
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	13,245	6,170	7,075
Without employment income	4,360	1,760	2,600
With employment income	8,885	4,410	4,475
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,115	500	610
$5,000 to $9,999	845	355	495
$10,000 to $19,999	1,260	565	690
$20,000 to $29,999	1,095	510	585
$30,000 to $39,999	1,085	540	540
$40,000 to $49,999	1,040	540	500
$50,000 to $59,999	775	430	340
$60,000 to $69,999	515	295	220
$70,000 to $79,999	355	210	145
$80,000 to $89,999	250	110	135
$90,000 to $99,999	205	100	100
$100,000 and over	355	245	105
$100,000 to $124,999	180	110	70
$125,000 and over	170	130	35
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	13,245	6,170	7,075
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,700	5,885	6,815
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,200	29,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,710	5,890	6,825
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	32,800	27,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,185	5,360	5,820
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	32,800	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,115	4,485	4,630
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	33,600	26,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,705	4,145	5,560
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,000	9,000	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,200	1,055	1,145
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,150	7,650	6,550
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	13,265	6,200	7,065
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,685	5,900	6,785
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,920	44,440	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,695	5,900	6,800
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,880	37,080	31,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,210	5,395	5,815
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,160	41,000	31,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,175	4,515	4,660
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,640	41,120	32,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,685	4,120	5,565
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,390	9,940	10,730
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,200	1,065	1,135
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,800	8,660	7,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	13,265	6,200	7,065
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,190	2,280	1,910
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,800	49,200	44,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,000	57,650	49,720
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,575	1,610	1,970
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	19,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,560	26,920	22,620
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.2	84.4	75.6
Employment income (%)	66.4	70.8	61.8
Government transfers (%)	19.9	15.6	24.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.4	3.5	3.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,095	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,380	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	4,710	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,090	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,395	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	4,700	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,095	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	115	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	165	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	515	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	340	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	360	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	365	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	390	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	360	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	655	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	605	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	515	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	445	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	385	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,795	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	710	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	430	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	390	...	...
$200,000 and over	260	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,095	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	120	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	185	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	560	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	430	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	390	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	475	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	450	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	395	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	745	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	645	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	560	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	465	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	380	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,200	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	585	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	285	...	...
$150,000 and over	325	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	4,410	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,010	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,455	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	815	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,265	1,385	1,880
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	34,400	30,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,400	30,800	28,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	4,400	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,975	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,495	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	805	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,260	1,355	1,905
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,920	37,880	36,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,280	32,720	31,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	15,545	7,385	8,160
0 to 17 years	2,830	1,485	1,345
0 to 5 years	775	400	375
18 to 64 years	9,140	4,350	4,790
65 years and over	3,580	1,550	2,025
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,500	1,030	1,470
0 to 17 years	520	270	255
0 to 5 years	165	90	80
18 to 64 years	1,130	480	650
65 years and over	850	280	570
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.1	14.0	18.0
0 to 17 years (%)	18.4	18.0	18.8
0 to 5 years (%)	21.8	22.4	21.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.3	11.0	13.5
65 years and over (%)	23.8	18.2	28.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	15,545	7,380	8,165
0 to 17 years	2,825	1,480	1,345
0 to 5 years	775	400	375
18 to 64 years	9,140	4,350	4,790
65 years and over	3,575	1,550	2,030
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	600	285	315
0 to 17 years	95	50	45
0 to 5 years	25	10	10
18 to 64 years	470	230	240
65 years and over	35	10	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.9	3.9	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.2	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	2.4	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.1	5.2	5.0
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.6	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	15,545	7,385	8,160
In bottom half of the distribution	10,455	4,885	5,575
In bottom decile	2,120	910	1,210
In second decile	2,460	1,100	1,365
In third decile	2,180	1,045	1,135
In fourth decile	1,955	960	995
In fifth decile	1,735	865	865
In top half of the distribution	5,090	2,495	2,590
In sixth decile	1,440	690	745
In seventh decile	1,340	655	685
In eighth decile	1,060	525	535
In ninth decile	705	355	345
In top decile	545	270	275
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	15,545	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.303	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.455	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.264	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	15,775	7,500	8,275
English only	13,700	6,595	7,105
French only	25	10	10
English and French	2,025	880	1,140
Neither English nor French	35	20	15
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	15,775	7,500	8,275
English	15,150	7,225	7,925
French	560	250	315
English and French	35	15	25
Neither English nor French	30	15	10
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	15,775	7,500	8,275
Single responses	15,410	7,315	8,090
Official languages	14,265	6,710	7,555
English	13,645	6,440	7,205
French	620	275	345
Non-official languages	1,145	605	535
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,140	600	535
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	20	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	30	20	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	300	135	165
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	5
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	285	125	155
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	40	25	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	25	15	5
Tamil	10	5	5
Telugu	5	5	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	530	305	230
Albanian	25	15	10
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	5	0
Russian	5	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	5
Bosnian	5	0	5
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	20	15
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	10	5
German	15	10	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	10	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5
Danish	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	365	220	145
Indo-Aryan languages	360	215	145
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	5	5
Hindi	25	15	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	315	190	125
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	40	40
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5
Portuguese	20	10	10
Romanian	5	5	5
Spanish	45	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	15	10	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	140	65	70
Chinese languages	140	65	70
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	15	25
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	85	45	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	370	185	185
English and French	135	60	75
English and non-official language(s)	210	115	100
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	15,775	7,500	8,275
English	14,035	6,615	7,420
French	155	65	95
Non-official language	380	230	155
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	380	230	155
English and French	295	130	165
English and non-official language(s)	860	440	415
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	15,775	7,500	8,275
Single responses	15,525	7,375	8,150
Official languages	14,730	6,945	7,785
English	14,515	6,855	7,660
French	210	85	125
Non-official languages	800	430	370
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	800	430	370
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	40	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	70	40	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	200	95	105
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	190	90	105
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	360	220	140
Albanian	15	10	5
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	5
Bosnian	5	0	5
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	0
German	5	5	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	285	180	105
Indo-Aryan languages	275	180	100
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	5
Hindi	15	10	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	255	165	90
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	20	25
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	5	10
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	10	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	5
American Sign Language	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	55	60
Chinese languages	120	55	60
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	20	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	40	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	255	130	125
English and French	45	15	30
English and non-official language(s)	195	105	85
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	15,780	7,505	8,275
None	14,795	7,020	7,775
English	395	195	205
French	200	90	110
Non-official language	290	150	140
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	285	150	135
English and French	5	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	25
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	15
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	15,545	7,430	8,115
Official languages	15,540	7,425	8,110
English	15,520	7,415	8,105
French	2,060	890	1,165
Non-official languages	1,540	770	765
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,540	770	765
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	40	35
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	75	40	35
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	70	40	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	65	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	105	65	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	325	140	190
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	320	140	185
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	40	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	30	20	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	15	15	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	780	390	390
Albanian	90	50	40
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40	20	20
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	15	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	15	0	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	100	45	55
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	50	20	30
German	50	20	30
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	25	25
Afrikaans	25	0	20
Dutch	30	25	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	425	215	210
Indo-Aryan languages	425	215	210
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	10
Hindi	235	110	120
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	400	205	190
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	10	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	155	75	75
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	25	10	15
Portuguese	15	10	10
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	100	55	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	30	10	20
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	10
American Sign Language	20	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	80	75
Chinese languages	155	80	75
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	15	40
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	50	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	10	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	15,545	7,430	8,110
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	325	155	170
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	295	145	150
First Nations (North American Indian)	135	70	65
Métis	105	50	55
Inuk (Inuit)	50	25	25
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	10	15
Non-Indigenous identity	15,225	7,275	7,950
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	15,545	7,430	8,110
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	110	50	60
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	15,435	7,380	8,055
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,090	...	...
Owner	3,770	...	...
Renter	3,320	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,090	...	...
Condominium	190	...	...
Not condominium	6,900	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,090	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...
1 bedroom	900	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,340	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,330	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,500	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,090	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,135	...	...
5 rooms	1,300	...	...
6 rooms	1,055	...	...
7 rooms	770	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,840	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,090	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,015	...	...
More than one person per room	80	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,090	...	...
Suitable	6,845	...	...
Not suitable	245	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,090	...	...
1960 or before	1,995	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,880	...	...
1981 to 1990	815	...	...
1991 to 2000	880	...	...
2001 to 2005	370	...	...
2006 to 2010	335	...	...
2011 to 2015	350	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	475	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,090	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,630	...	...
Major repairs needed	460	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,090	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,940	...	...
Two-maintainer household	2,915	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	235	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,090	...	...
15 to 24 years	260	...	...
25 to 34 years	790	...	...
35 to 44 years	980	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,190	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,440	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,325	...	...
75 to 84 years	775	...	...
85 years and over	330	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,070	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,755	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,315	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,220	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,090	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,880	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,185	...	...
Not suitable only	215	...	...
Major repairs needed only	340	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	105	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,210	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	6,975	...	...
In core need	520	...	...
Not in core need	6,455	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,775	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,107	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	262,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,315	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	20.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	890	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	932	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	15,550	7,430	8,115
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	160	90	75
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	160	90	75
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	115	65	50
Métis single ancestry	35	20	15
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	535	225	310
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	500	200	300
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	340	125	215
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	50	50
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	30
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	30	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	14,850	7,120	7,730
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	15,545	7,430	8,115
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	14,415	6,835	7,575
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,670	1,435	1,240
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	11,740	5,400	6,340
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,135	595	540
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	15,545	7,430	8,115
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	13,955	6,615	7,340
Immigrants⁸¹	960	480	475
Before 1980	205	105	100
1980 to 1990	60	30	25
1991 to 2000	60	30	35
2001 to 2010	120	50	70
2011 to 2021⁸²	520	275	245
2011 to 2015	120	70	50
2016 to 2021	395	200	195
Non-permanent residents⁸³	630	330	300
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	960	485	475
Under 5 years	105	45	55
5 to 14 years	155	85	75
15 to 24 years	195	120	70
25 to 44 years	430	190	240
45 years and over	80	50	30
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	960	485	475
Americas	135	60	70
Brazil	15	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	10	10	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	90	30	65
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0
Europe	295	170	130
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	30	25	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	55	65
Other places of birth in Europe	95	65	35
Africa	30	10	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	495	240	255
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	25	10	10
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	45	30	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	15
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	255	100	150
Viet Nam	45	35	20
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	70	55	20
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	400	205	195
Americas	45	20	25
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	30	0	20
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	35	20	15
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	20	15
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	305	160	145
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	70	55	20
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	155	60	90
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	30	20	10
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	15,545	7,430	8,115
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,725	865	855
Second generation¹⁰¹	900	440	460
Third generation or more¹⁰²	12,920	6,125	6,795
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	750	380	375
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	525	270	260
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	235	135	95
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	295	135	160
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	165	75	95
Refugees¹⁰⁸	60	35	20
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	750	380	375
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	170	75	100
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	10	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	130	100	30
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	430	190	240
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	15,545	7,430	8,115
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,395	695	700
South Asian	480	260	215
Chinese	175	80	90
Black	125	50	75
Filipino	355	150	205
Arab	75	50	30
Latin American	20	10	10
Southeast Asian	100	65	35
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	15	0	15
Japanese	20	0	20
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	30	25	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	14,155	6,740	7,415
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	15,545	7,435	8,115
Canadian	2,630	1,200	1,425
English	3,700	1,745	1,955
Irish	3,670	1,595	2,075
Scottish	4,360	2,050	2,310
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,810	1,325	1,490
German	690	315	375
Chinese	140	65	85
Italian	130	65	60
Indian (India)	320	190	135
Ukrainian	95	55	45
Dutch	295	175	120
Polish	60	35	30
Québécois	10	0	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	320	130	185
Filipino	365	175	185
French Canadian	200	85	120
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	630	340	295
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	200	95	105
Métis	170	90	80
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	315	150	160
Russian	40	10	25
Norwegian	75	40	40
Welsh	235	95	150
Portuguese	25	10	15
American	95	40	55
Spanish	15	0	15
Swedish	55	15	40
Hungarian	55	35	20
Acadian	1,220	555	665
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	10	0	0
Jewish	20	10	0
Punjabi	115	45	70
Vietnamese	105	65	40
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	10	10	0
Jamaican	10	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	30	15	25
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	15	0	15
Romanian	0	0	0
Lebanese	40	30	10
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	35	20	20
Danish	80	50	30
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	65	15	50
Sikh	45	40	10
Austrian	20	10	15
Belgian	20	0	15
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	10	10	0
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	10	0	10
Finnish	30	10	20
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	15	0	10
Japanese	15	0	15
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	180	80	105
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	40	15	20
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	10	0	10
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	15	0	10
Czech	20	0	10
Syrian	35	20	15
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	25	25
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	30	15	15
Hong Konger	65	35	30
Ontarian	15	0	10
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	30	35
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	15	0	10
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	15	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	0	15
South African	0	0	0
Australian	10	0	10
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	20	20	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	40	20	20
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	10
New Brunswicker	45	20	20
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	0	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	20	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	10	10	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	315	145	170
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	15,545	7,430	8,115
Buddhist	10	0	10
Christian	10,250	4,650	5,600
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	935	450	485
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	485	210	275
Baptist	405	175	230
Catholic	5,415	2,565	2,855
Christian Orthodox	35	15	20
Jehovah's Witness	60	25	30
Latter Day Saints	20	0	15
Lutheran	20	10	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	100	30	65
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	70	20	50
Presbyterian	515	195	320
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	1,575	660	920
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	615	280	335
Hindu	115	70	40
Jewish	0	0	0
Muslim	150	85	65
Sikh	310	150	160
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	85	25	60
No religion and secular perspectives	4,625	2,455	2,175
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	15,435	7,365	8,065
Non-movers	13,280	6,375	6,905
Movers	2,155	995	1,160
Non-migrants	1,240	570	670
Migrants	910	420	495
Internal migrants	800	365	430
Intraprovincial migrants	340	165	175
Interprovincial migrants	455	200	255
External migrants	115	55	60
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	14,940	7,095	7,835
Non-movers	8,335	3,890	4,445
Movers	6,600	3,210	3,390
Non-migrants	2,820	1,400	1,425
Migrants	3,780	1,815	1,970
Internal migrants	3,065	1,485	1,580
Intraprovincial migrants	1,670	780	890
Interprovincial migrants	1,395	705	690
External migrants	715	325	390
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,265	6,200	7,065
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,685	1,435	1,245
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,575	4,765	5,815
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,690	3,630	4,060
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	870	475	395
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	6,820	3,155	3,665
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,260	6,200	7,065
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,445	1,290	1,165
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,265	1,945	2,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,550	2,970	3,580
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,405	1,990	2,410
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	820	575	245
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	460	275	195
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	360	310	50
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,240	1,280	1,960
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	345	135	210
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,145	975	1,170
Bachelor's degree	1,510	680	830
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	70	30	45
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	70	45	20
Master's degree	470	210	265
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	10	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,690	3,635	4,060
No certificate, diploma or degree	785	430	355
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,440	1,180	1,260
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,465	2,025	2,445
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,840	1,295	1,545
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	465	310	155
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	250	125	120
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	220	185	40
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,190	905	1,290
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	175	85	100
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,630	730	905
Bachelor's degree	1,130	510	625
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	55	25	30
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50	30	25
Master's degree	375	160	215
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20	10	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	13,260	6,200	7,060
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,715	3,235	3,480
Education	495	135	365
13. Education	495	135	365
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	125	55	70
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	120	55	65
Humanities	295	140	155
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	70	30	50
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85	45	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	25	20
54. History	50	30	20
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	620	160	460
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	15	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	175	10	165
22. Legal professions and studies	140	35	105
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	10
42. Psychology	100	20	75
45. Social sciences	145	65	75
Business, management and public administration	1,775	635	1,140
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	140	25	115
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,630	610	1,025
Physical and life sciences and technologies	125	55	65
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	50	30	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	15	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	25	20	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	285	165	125
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	270	155	115
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,240	1,135	105
04. Architecture and related services	15	10	0
14. Engineering	145	130	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	305	240	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	315	310	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	315	300	15
48. Precision production	145	135	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	115	75	40
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	65	40	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	50	35	10
Health and related fields	1,030	180	850
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	70	30	35
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	930	135	800
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	15	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	445	235	205
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	260	70	190
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0
43. Security and protective services	60	55	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	105	95	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	7,690	3,630	4,060
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,220	1,610	1,620
Education	270	75	190
13. Education	270	75	190
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	75	35	40
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	75	35	35
Humanities	215	95	115
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	50	15	40
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65	40	30
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	15	15
54. History	35	20	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	465	120	340
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	20	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	115	0	115
22. Legal professions and studies	115	25	90
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	0
42. Psychology	70	15	55
45. Social sciences	115	55	60
Business, management and public administration	1,170	400	770
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	110	20	90
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,050	375	675
Physical and life sciences and technologies	90	45	45
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	45	25	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	10	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	20	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	205	125	85
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	200	120	75
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	830	760	70
04. Architecture and related services	15	10	0
14. Engineering	115	105	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	205	180	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	200	190	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	210	195	15
48. Precision production	85	80	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	90	55	30
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	55	30	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	35	30	10
Health and related fields	735	135	605
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	35	25	20
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	675	105	570
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	325	175	150
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	185	50	135
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0
43. Security and protective services	50	45	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	75	60	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	7,690	3,630	4,060
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,220	1,610	1,620
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	4,470	2,025	2,440
Location of study inside Canada	4,035	1,840	2,200
Same as province or territory of residence	2,365	1,015	1,345
Different than province or territory of residence	1,670	825	845
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	430	190	245
Americas	50	15	30
United States of America	30	10	20
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	70	45	25
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	15	0
Africa	20	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	290	110	175
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	15	15
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	125	40	80
Viet Nam	40	20	20
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	55	30	25
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	10	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	13,260	6,200	7,065
In the labour force	8,115	4,055	4,055
Employed	7,280	3,625	3,655
Unemployed	835	430	405
Not in the labour force	5,150	2,140	3,005
Participation rate	61.2	65.4	57.4
Employment rate	54.9	58.5	51.7
Unemployment rate	10.3	10.6	10.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	13,260	6,200	7,060
Did not work¹⁸⁶	4,990	2,065	2,920
Worked	8,270	4,130	4,140
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,295	2,355	1,940
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	3,975	1,775	2,200
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.3	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	8,115	4,055	4,060
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	170	75	95
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	7,945	3,980	3,960
Employee	7,300	3,595	3,700
Permanent position	5,640	2,770	2,870
Temporary position	1,660	825	830
Fixed term (1 year or more)	295	120	180
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,360	710	655
Self-employed¹⁹²	650	380	265
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	8,115	4,055	4,060
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	170	75	95
All occupations¹⁹¹	7,945	3,980	3,960
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	70	50	25
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,275	400	875
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	425	315	105
3 Health occupations	615	100	510
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	800	255	550
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	145	70	65
6 Sales and service occupations	2,485	990	1,490
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,305	1,215	95
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	235	195	40
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	595	385	210
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	8,115	4,055	4,060
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	170	75	95
All industries¹⁹¹	7,945	3,980	3,960
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	260	190	65
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	25	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0
23 Construction	525	490	35
31-33 Manufacturing	1,030	695	330
41 Wholesale trade	125	115	0
44-45 Retail trade	1,075	465	605
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	250	200	50
51 Information and cultural industries	60	30	35
52 Finance and insurance	115	45	70
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	105	75	25
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	305	150	155
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	365	180	185
61 Educational services	505	190	315
62 Health care and social assistance	1,015	200	820
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	165	120	45
72 Accommodation and food services	775	300	475
81 Other services (except public administration)	305	125	175
91 Public administration	945	365	580
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	8,785	4,355	4,425
English	8,340	4,200	4,135
French	90	25	65
Non-official language	15	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	0
English and French	260	70	190
English and non-official language(s)	80	50	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	8,785	4,355	4,425
Single responses	8,735	4,330	4,405
Official languages	8,720	4,320	4,400
English	8,585	4,285	4,300
French	135	35	105
Non-official languages	20	10	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	20	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	0
Chinese languages	20	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	20	20
English and French	20	0	15
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	8,785	4,355	4,425
None	8,485	4,255	4,230
English	50	10	40
French	200	60	140
Non-official language	45	30	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	30	15
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	7,280	3,630	3,655
Worked at home	990	390	605
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0
No fixed workplace address	805	640	165
Usual place of work	5,470	2,585	2,885
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,470	2,585	2,885
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,860	1,580	2,280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,180	755	425
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	320	195	125
Commute to a different province or territory	105	50	55
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,280	3,230	3,050
Car, truck or van	5,830	2,980	2,845
Car, truck or van - as a driver	5,165	2,715	2,450
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	660	265	395
Public transit	15	15	0
Walked	295	150	140
Bicycle	35	25	10
Other method	115	60	50
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,280	3,230	3,050
Less than 15 minutes	4,405	2,000	2,405
15 to 29 minutes	1,120	710	410
30 to 44 minutes	335	215	120
45 to 59 minutes	200	140	60
60 minutes and over	225	160	60
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,280	3,230	3,050
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	405	275	125
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,320	735	585
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,005	1,070	940
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,145	460	680
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	640	280	355
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	765	405	360
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,895	1,505	1,385
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	320	165	155
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,575	1,340	1,235
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,205	1,145	1,060
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	245	125	120
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	140	70	70
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	105	60	45
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,960	1,020	940

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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