Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Cape Breton, Regional municipality (RGM)More information: Nova Scotia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	93,694	...	...
Population, 2016¹	94,285^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,471	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	42,316	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	38.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,419.70	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	93,695	44,885	48,810
0 to 14 years	11,750	5,975	5,770
0 to 4 years	3,385	1,735	1,655
5 to 9 years	3,960	1,985	1,975
10 to 14 years	4,400	2,260	2,145
15 to 64 years	56,920	27,550	29,370
15 to 19 years	4,490	2,335	2,155
20 to 24 years	5,090	2,650	2,440
25 to 29 years	5,310	2,740	2,570
30 to 34 years	4,790	2,390	2,400
35 to 39 years	4,660	2,160	2,500
40 to 44 years	4,785	2,190	2,590
45 to 49 years	5,385	2,545	2,840
50 to 54 years	6,035	2,890	3,145
55 to 59 years	7,775	3,565	4,210
60 to 64 years	8,605	4,080	4,525
65 years and over	25,030	11,365	13,665
65 to 69 years	8,095	3,955	4,140
70 to 74 years	6,645	3,215	3,425
75 to 79 years	4,430	1,950	2,480
80 to 84 years	2,995	1,270	1,725
85 years and over	2,860	970	1,890
85 to 89 years	1,780	670	1,115
90 to 94 years	790	220	565
95 to 99 years	255	70	185
100 years and over	35	10	25
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.5	13.3	11.8
15 to 64 years	60.8	61.4	60.2
65 years and over	26.7	25.3	28.0
85 years and over	3.1	2.2	3.9
Average age of the population	46.9	45.7	48.1
Median age of the population	50.4	49.2	52.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	42,315	...	...
Single-detached house	31,105	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,815	...	...
Row house	705	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,800	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,455	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	215	...	...
Other single-attached house	65	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,155	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	42,315	...	...
1 person	14,055	...	...
2 persons	15,795	...	...
3 persons	6,430	...	...
4 persons	4,025	...	...
5 or more persons	2,015	...	...
Number of persons in private households	92,020	44,190	47,825
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	81,945	38,915	43,035
Married or living common-law	41,225	20,575	20,650
Married	33,870	16,905	16,965
Living common-law	7,350	3,670	3,680
Living common law - Never married	5,160	2,555	2,600
Living common law - Separated	405	200	205
Living common law - Divorced	1,530	805	725
Living common law - Widowed	255	105	150
Not married and not living common-law	40,725	18,340	22,390
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,080	13,215	11,865
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,100	1,295	1,800
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,530	2,180	3,345
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,025	1,645	5,375
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,065	...	...
2 persons	16,405	...	...
3 persons	5,970	...	...
4 persons	3,390	...	...
5 or more persons	1,300	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,065	...	...
Total couple families	20,130	...	...
Married couples	16,455	...	...
With children⁶	6,605	...	...
Without children	9,850	...	...
Common-law couples	3,680	...	...
With children⁶	1,490	...	...
Without children	2,185	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,935	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,580	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,355	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	92,020	44,190	47,830
Total - Persons in census families	71,170	34,485	36,680
Married spouses or common-law partners	40,260	20,110	20,155
Parents in one-parent families	6,940	1,360	5,580
Children⁶	23,970	13,020	10,950
In a two-parent family	13,415	7,195	6,220
In a one-parent family	10,555	5,825	4,730
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,845	9,700	11,145
Living alone	14,050	6,170	7,885
Living with other relatives⁷	2,580	1,110	1,475
Living with non-relatives only	4,215	2,430	1,790
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	42,320	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,895	...	...
Couple-family households	18,405	...	...
With children⁶	7,390	...	...
Without children	11,015	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,490	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,135	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	115	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,220	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,895	...	...
One-person households	14,050	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	80,275	38,215	42,055
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,560	36,865	40,695
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	36,400	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,580	36,885	40,700
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	32,800	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,850	30,570	32,280
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,600	27,800	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,415	23,450	23,970
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,800	29,200	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,040	31,490	36,545
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,800	15,500	14,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,380	8,770	7,615
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,450	9,300	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,640	10,590	11,050
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	80,260	38,200	42,055
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,600	36,925	40,680
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,160	46,000	38,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,620	36,940	40,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,840	38,320	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,010	30,730	32,280
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,880	39,880	32,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,425	23,445	23,975
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,800	41,120	34,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,115	31,605	36,505
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,820	14,980	14,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,380	8,750	7,625
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,560	10,690	8,270
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,525	10,355	11,170
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,170	8,830	9,490
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	80,260	38,205	42,055
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,400	9,295	10,110
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	57,600	51,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,900	65,900	56,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,940	10,450	10,495
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	17,800	15,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	27,280	19,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	69.2	72.2	65.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.8	56.7	52.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	30.9	27.9	34.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.8	5.5	4.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.1	6.2	8.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.0	5.4	6.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	80,275	38,220	42,055
Without total income	2,710	1,350	1,365
With total income	77,560	36,865	40,690
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,045	2,760	3,280
$10,000 to $19,999	10,725	4,360	6,365
$20,000 to $29,999	16,380	7,490	8,885
$30,000 to $39,999	12,025	5,710	6,320
$40,000 to $49,999	9,770	4,445	5,325
$50,000 to $59,999	6,930	3,275	3,655
$60,000 to $69,999	4,645	2,480	2,165
$70,000 to $79,999	3,135	1,800	1,335
$80,000 to $89,999	2,335	1,220	1,115
$90,000 to $99,999	1,925	920	1,000
$100,000 and over	3,650	2,405	1,240
$100,000 to $149,999	2,735	1,685	1,050
$150,000 and over	910	720	195
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	80,275	38,220	42,055
Without after-tax income	2,690	1,335	1,360
With after-tax income	77,580	36,880	40,695
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,315	2,850	3,465
$10,000 to $19,999	11,265	4,635	6,625
$20,000 to $29,999	19,065	8,845	10,220
$30,000 to $39,999	14,245	6,835	7,415
$40,000 to $49,999	10,415	4,865	5,550
$50,000 to $59,999	6,490	3,390	3,095
$60,000 to $69,999	3,895	2,040	1,850
$70,000 to $79,999	2,650	1,255	1,395
$80,000 to $89,999	1,255	725	525
$90,000 to $99,999	675	440	230
$100,000 and over	1,315	990	320
$100,000 to $124,999	730	535	195
$125,000 and over	580	450	125
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	80,275	38,220	42,055
Without employment income	32,855	14,765	18,085
With employment income	47,415	23,450	23,965
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,775	3,250	3,525
$5,000 to $9,999	4,325	2,010	2,320
$10,000 to $19,999	7,840	3,880	3,965
$20,000 to $29,999	5,940	2,795	3,145
$30,000 to $39,999	4,660	2,215	2,450
$40,000 to $49,999	4,410	1,920	2,490
$50,000 to $59,999	3,215	1,640	1,575
$60,000 to $69,999	2,635	1,455	1,180
$70,000 to $79,999	1,865	1,055	810
$80,000 to $89,999	1,665	790	880
$90,000 to $99,999	1,555	705	845
$100,000 and over	2,525	1,740	785
$100,000 to $124,999	1,380	855	525
$125,000 and over	1,145	880	265
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	80,275	38,215	42,055
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,925	35,950	39,980
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,000	29,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,965	35,955	40,020
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	32,000	27,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,740	30,460	32,275
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,200	30,200	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,565	23,905	24,660
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	32,000	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,825	28,610	34,215
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,400	12,200	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15,930	8,610	7,310
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	10,300	7,350
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	80,260	38,200	42,055
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,140	36,120	40,020
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,360	45,280	35,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,170	36,125	40,045
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,160	37,480	31,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,810	30,500	32,315
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,960	42,040	32,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,575	23,845	24,725
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,520	43,240	33,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,845	28,715	34,130
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,970	12,310	11,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,850	8,505	7,350
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,750	9,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	80,260	38,205	42,055
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,315	9,240	10,080
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	54,800	46,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,100	62,350	52,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,750	9,930	9,825
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	22,400	18,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,400	34,920	23,820
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	75.6	78.4	72.2
Employment income (%)	60.9	63.1	58.4
Government transfers (%)	24.5	21.6	27.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	5.2	5.6	4.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	42,315	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,050	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,260	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	42,315	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,050	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,040	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,270	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	42,315	...	...
Under $5,000	355	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	250	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,190	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	895	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,075	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,005	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,305	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,245	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,000	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,795	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,295	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,975	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,540	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,265	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,910	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,040	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,590	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,665	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,615	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	42,315	...	...
Under $5,000	390	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,200	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	940	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,285	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,620	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,370	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,580	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,595	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,305	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,290	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,835	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,270	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,625	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,150	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,595	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,625	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,945	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,020	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,965	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,185	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,350	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,410	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,270	8,595	9,675
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,600	30,000	29,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,000	28,400	27,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,980	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,175	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,345	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,415	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,165	8,530	9,630
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,760	37,480	36,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,960	32,200	31,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	92,015	44,190	47,825
0 to 17 years	14,450	7,345	7,105
0 to 5 years	4,205	2,150	2,055
18 to 64 years	53,780	25,905	27,880
65 years and over	23,790	10,940	12,845
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,965	7,145	8,820
0 to 17 years	3,165	1,675	1,490
0 to 5 years	1,040	560	480
18 to 64 years	7,735	3,570	4,165
65 years and over	5,065	1,900	3,170
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.4	16.2	18.4
0 to 17 years (%)	21.9	22.8	21.0
0 to 5 years (%)	24.8	26.0	23.4
18 to 64 years (%)	14.4	13.8	14.9
65 years and over (%)	21.3	17.3	24.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	92,020	44,190	47,830
0 to 17 years	14,445	7,345	7,100
0 to 5 years	4,205	2,150	2,060
18 to 64 years	53,785	25,900	27,880
65 years and over	23,785	10,945	12,845
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,725	2,430	2,295
0 to 17 years	690	360	330
0 to 5 years	210	115	95
18 to 64 years	3,720	1,950	1,770
65 years and over	315	120	195
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.1	5.5	4.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	4.9	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	5.3	4.7
18 to 64 years (%)	6.9	7.5	6.4
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	92,015	44,190	47,825
In bottom half of the distribution	59,910	28,205	31,705
In bottom decile	13,840	6,420	7,415
In second decile	14,220	6,525	7,690
In third decile	11,825	5,605	6,215
In fourth decile	10,585	5,020	5,565
In fifth decile	9,445	4,625	4,820
In top half of the distribution	32,105	15,985	16,120
In sixth decile	8,820	4,275	4,545
In seventh decile	7,945	3,955	3,985
In eighth decile	6,560	3,285	3,280
In ninth decile	5,390	2,735	2,655
In top decile	3,390	1,730	1,655
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	92,020	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.315	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.496	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.273	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	92,280	44,270	48,010
English only	88,160	42,545	45,620
French only	25	10	10
English and French	3,995	1,665	2,330
Neither English nor French	100	55	50
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	92,280	44,270	48,010
English	91,480	43,900	47,580
French	640	295	345
English and French	65	35	35
Neither English nor French	90	45	50
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	92,280	44,270	48,010
Single responses	91,430	43,820	47,610
Official languages	88,510	42,240	46,275
English	87,805	41,915	45,890
French	710	325	385
Non-official languages	2,920	1,585	1,335
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	50	55
Algonquian languages	100	45	55
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	100	45	55
Mi'kmaq	100	45	55
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,815	1,535	1,280
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	60	35
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	95	60	35
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	85	55	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	30	55
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	85	30	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	180	80	100
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	175	75	95
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	440	285	155
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	400	270	130
Tamil	15	5	10
Telugu	25	10	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,440	785	655
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	105	40	65
Baltic languages	5	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	5	0
Slavic languages	100	35	60
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0
Macedonian	5	0	0
Polish	35	15	25
Russian	15	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	10	10
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	5	5
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Germanic languages	135	70	65
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	75	35	40
German	65	25	35
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	30	20
Afrikaans	10	0	5
Dutch	45	25	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5
Danish	5	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	40	20	15
Indo-Iranian languages	1,020	585	440
Indo-Aryan languages	995	575	425
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	30	25	10
Gujarati	80	50	30
Hindi	165	105	55
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	635	345	295
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5
Urdu	65	35	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Iranian languages	30	15	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	30	15	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	25	15	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	60	60
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	40	25	15
Portuguese	15	10	10
Romanian	5	0	0
Spanish	60	25	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	5
Korean	50	25	30
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	5
American Sign Language	10	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	435	225	210
Chinese languages	435	225	210
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	375	195	175
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	5	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	5	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	850	450	400
English and French	265	115	150
English and non-official language(s)	535	295	235
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	92,280	44,270	48,010
English	88,415	42,240	46,175
French	150	75	80
Non-official language	800	445	360
Indigenous³⁹	20	15	10
Non-Indigenous	780	430	350
English and French	555	250	310
English and non-official language(s)	2,205	1,200	1,005
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	35	40
Multiple non-official languages	65	25	35
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	92,280	44,270	48,010
Single responses	91,705	43,930	47,775
Official languages	90,020	42,990	47,025
English	89,820	42,900	46,920
French	200	95	110
Non-official languages	1,685	940	750
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	25	25
Algonquian languages	45	25	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	45	25	20
Mi'kmaq	45	25	20
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,640	915	725
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	25	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	25	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	40	25	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	70	35	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	90	45	45
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	45	45
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	275	180	95
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	260	175	85
Tamil	5	0	0
Telugu	10	5	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	775	420	355
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	15	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	20	10	10
German	15	10	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	15	5	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	670	380	290
Indo-Aryan languages	650	365	280
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	15	5
Gujarati	25	15	15
Hindi	75	45	30
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	470	265	205
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5
Urdu	50	25	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	25	10	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	25	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	15	30
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5
Portuguese	10	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	30	10	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	5
Korean	30	20	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	15	10
American Sign Language	15	10	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	315	175	140
Chinese languages	315	175	140
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	285	155	125
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	575	340	235
English and French	75	40	35
English and non-official language(s)	470	290	180
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	92,280	44,270	48,010
None	89,775	43,000	46,775
English	715	400	310
French	460	195	265
Non-official language	970	470	500
Indigenous³⁹	80	30	50
Non-Indigenous	890	445	450
English and French	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	155	90	60
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	160	90	70
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	92,020	44,190	47,830
Official languages	91,880	44,105	47,775
English	91,855	44,095	47,760
French	4,010	1,725	2,280
Non-official languages	4,370	2,360	2,010
Indigenous languages³⁹	230	120	110
Algonquian languages	230	120	110
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	225	115	110
Mi'kmaq	225	115	110
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15	0	10
Non-Indigenous languages	4,150	2,240	1,900
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	165	70
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	10	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	230	160	70
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	220	155	65
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	40	80
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	120	40	80
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	295	135	160
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	285	125	160
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	615	375	240
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	535	340	195
Tamil	75	55	15
Telugu	65	35	30
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,270	1,270	1,000
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	135	55	75
Baltic languages	20	10	10
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	115	55	60
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	35	10	25
Russian	65	40	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	120	60	65
Irish	10	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	90	40	50
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10
Germanic languages	255	155	100
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	185	110	75
German	175	105	70
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	40	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	55	40	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	40	25	10
Danish	20	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0
Swedish	10	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	50	25	25
Indo-Iranian languages	1,425	825	595
Indo-Aryan languages	1,390	810	585
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	35	25	15
Gujarati	100	70	35
Hindi	975	585	395
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	815	460	350
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	100	45	60
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	50	20	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	45	20	25
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	35	15	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	325	160	165
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	115	65	50
Portuguese	25	10	10
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	200	95	100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	15
Korean	80	35	45
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	115	60	55
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	30	15	15
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	40	15	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	110	60	55
American Sign Language	90	40	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	490	260	235
Chinese languages	480	255	230
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	450	240	205
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	85	40	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	92,020	44,190	47,830
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,900	1,395	1,510
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,735	1,310	1,430
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,500	700	800
Métis	1,165	570	595
Inuk (Inuit)	70	35	40
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	55	35	20
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	110	50	60
Non-Indigenous identity	89,120	42,800	46,320
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	92,020	44,190	47,830
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	880	445	435
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	91,135	43,745	47,390
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	42,315	...	...
Owner	30,100	...	...
Renter	12,215	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	42,315	...	...
Condominium	560	...	...
Not condominium	41,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	42,315	...	...
No bedrooms	100	...	...
1 bedroom	4,345	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,535	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,900	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,435	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	42,315	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,905	...	...
5 rooms	7,555	...	...
6 rooms	7,915	...	...
7 rooms	6,380	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,560	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	42,315	...	...
One person or fewer per room	42,100	...	...
More than one person per room	210	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	42,315	...	...
Suitable	40,820	...	...
Not suitable	1,490	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	42,315	...	...
1960 or before	15,765	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,875	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,095	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,840	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,160	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,270	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,230	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,080	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	42,315	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	38,385	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,925	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	42,315	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,280	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,430	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,605	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	42,315	...	...
15 to 24 years	945	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,190	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,170	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,395	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,500	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,405	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,970	...	...
85 years and over	1,730	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	42,230	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,415	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,815	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,265	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	42,310	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,070	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,835	...	...
Not suitable only	1,190	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,905	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	115	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	840	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	160	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...
Acceptable housing	31,245	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	41,675	...	...
In core need	3,515	...	...
Not in core need	38,165	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,045	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	46.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	710	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	891	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	160,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	183,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,215	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	24.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	827	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	92,015	44,185	47,825
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	995	480	510
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	985	480	505
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	750	360	395
Métis single ancestry	220	115	110
Inuit single ancestry	10	15	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,965	1,435	1,530
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,920	1,410	1,515
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,040	965	1,075
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	810	405	410
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	45	30
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	20	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	88,055	42,270	45,780
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	92,015	44,185	47,825
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	88,915	42,440	46,470
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,290	7,195	7,095
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,615	35,245	39,375
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,105	1,750	1,355
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	92,015	44,185	47,825
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	87,565	41,780	45,785
Immigrants⁸¹	2,120	1,060	1,055
Before 1980	770	360	410
1980 to 1990	150	80	70
1991 to 2000	160	75	85
2001 to 2010	355	160	200
2011 to 2021⁸²	680	390	295
2011 to 2015	275	135	140
2016 to 2021	405	250	150
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,330	1,345	985
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,120	1,065	1,055
Under 5 years	295	135	160
5 to 14 years	370	200	175
15 to 24 years	415	195	220
25 to 44 years	905	445	460
45 years and over	130	90	45
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,120	1,065	1,055
Americas	455	220	235
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	10
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	20	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0
United States of America	350	160	185
Other places of birth in Americas	40	25	20
Europe	740	365	375
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	90	35	55
Greece	10	0	0
Hungary	15	10	0
Italy	35	20	10
Netherlands	50	40	10
Poland	25	0	20
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	10	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	370	165	205
Other places of birth in Europe	115	60	50
Africa	205	120	85
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0
Egypt	35	30	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	25	10	10
Nigeria	65	25	40
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	35	15
Asia	700	340	355
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	20
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	10	0	0
China⁹⁰	120	60	60
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25
Taiwan	10	0	10
Philippines	205	95	110
Viet Nam	35	15	20
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	105	50	55
Pakistan	45	25	15
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	70	35	30
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	15	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	405	255	150
Americas	40	30	15
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	10	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	25	10	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	65	50	15
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	10
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	25	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	55	25	25
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	20	15	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	30	10	15
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	240	145	95
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	45	25	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	55	40	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	85	55	30
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0
Australia	10	10	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	92,020	44,190	47,830
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,825	2,565	2,260
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,275	2,035	2,240
Third generation or more¹⁰²	82,915	39,585	43,330
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,350	700	645
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	805	455	345
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	415	295	120
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	395	165	230
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	455	200	260
Refugees¹⁰⁸	85	45	40
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,350	700	645
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	10	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	315	200	120
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	55	40
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	130	85	50
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	780	355	425
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	92,020	44,190	47,830
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,930	2,595	2,335
South Asian	1,985	1,135	845
Chinese	615	315	295
Black	1,250	620	630
Filipino	340	155	190
Arab	220	140	80
Latin American	80	25	50
Southeast Asian	140	55	80
West Asian	75	35	35
Korean	80	30	45
Japanese	25	10	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	50	25	25
Multiple visible minorities	75	30	45
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	87,085	41,590	45,495
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	92,015	44,190	47,830
Canadian	14,965	7,150	7,815
English	19,715	9,325	10,385
Irish	21,980	10,210	11,770
Scottish	36,110	17,025	19,085
French, n.o.s.¹²²	13,350	6,285	7,055
German	2,965	1,395	1,565
Chinese	575	285	295
Italian	3,605	1,775	1,835
Indian (India)	1,295	705	590
Ukrainian	1,340	675	665
Dutch	1,115	510	600
Polish	2,245	1,195	1,055
Québécois	35	25	15
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,285	630	650
Filipino	285	125	160
French Canadian	285	125	160
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,875	2,260	2,610
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	990	485	505
Métis	1,080	535	545
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,635	1,305	1,325
Russian	235	125	115
Norwegian	385	155	230
Welsh	1,550	690	865
Portuguese	145	60	80
American	255	115	145
Spanish	360	160	195
Swedish	285	95	190
Hungarian	405	210	185
Acadian	2,210	1,020	1,190
Pakistani	80	40	45
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	345	200	145
Jewish	180	105	70
Punjabi	255	180	80
Vietnamese	90	30	60
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	45	30	15
Greek	280	145	135
Jamaican	50	35	15
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	295	180	120
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	100	45	55
Korean	85	35	50
Romanian	130	80	55
Lebanese	895	495	400
Iranian	45	15	25
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	300	130	170
Danish	200	65	135
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	630	280	350
Sikh	160	110	50
Austrian	225	140	90
Belgian	490	245	245
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	185	115	70
Mexican	15	0	10
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	50	10	40
Finnish	65	25	40
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	60	20	40
Japanese	25	10	20
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45	15	30
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	935	450	485
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	195	85	115
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	70	50	20
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	20	10	15
Colombian	20	0	20
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	95	45	55
Syrian	110	60	50
Guyanese	45	10	35
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	150	75	70
Serbian	10	0	0
Ojibway	20	0	20
Newfoundlander	1,465	650	815
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	45	15	30
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	90	55	35
Bangladeshi	25	15	10
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	15	0	15
Nigerian	40	10	35
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	40	0	30
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	100	45	55
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	35	15	20
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	10	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	10	25
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	20	30
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	75	30	45
Lithuanian	155	75	80
South African	0	0	0
Australian	10	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	2,015	995	1,015
Ethiopian	10	0	10
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	55	35	25
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	55	20	35
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	80	40	40
New Brunswicker	30	10	25
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	175	70	105
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	95	30	65
Bulgarian	45	10	35
Albertan	60	35	25
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	115	45	70
African American	100	35	70
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	15	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	10	10
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	50	35	15
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	15	10	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	0	10
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	35	20	15
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	220	90	125
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	25	0	20
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	10	15
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	15	10	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	10
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	20	0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10
Saskatchewanian	10	10	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	10	0	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	10	10	0
Cape Bretoner	3,930	1,935	1,990
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	90	60	30
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	40	20	20
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	65	45	20
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	10	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	10
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	0	10
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	35	10	15
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	30	20	10
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	55	15	35
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	130	50	80
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	92,020	44,190	47,830
Buddhist	95	30	65
Christian	69,550	32,155	37,395
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,740	1,325	1,415
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	6,140	2,880	3,260
Baptist	790	320	465
Catholic	46,540	21,610	24,930
Christian Orthodox	200	95	100
Jehovah's Witness	275	125	155
Latter Day Saints	110	40	75
Lutheran	85	30	55
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	490	210	285
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	300	125	175
Presbyterian	2,265	980	1,285
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	6,155	2,730	3,430
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,460	1,685	1,780
Hindu	705	425	280
Jewish	95	50	50
Muslim	455	275	180
Sikh	575	315	260
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	10
Other religions and spiritual traditions	405	150	255
No religion and secular perspectives	20,125	10,795	9,330
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	91,375	43,865	47,510
Non-movers	83,420	39,875	43,545
Movers	7,950	3,990	3,960
Non-migrants	5,570	2,765	2,805
Migrants	2,380	1,220	1,160
Internal migrants	2,035	1,030	1,005
Intraprovincial migrants	750	350	405
Interprovincial migrants	1,280	675	605
External migrants	345	195	150
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	88,615	42,400	46,215
Non-movers	64,955	31,005	33,950
Movers	23,665	11,395	12,270
Non-migrants	15,400	7,080	8,315
Migrants	8,265	4,315	3,950
Internal migrants	5,770	2,910	2,860
Intraprovincial migrants	2,225	1,070	1,155
Interprovincial migrants	3,545	1,840	1,705
External migrants	2,495	1,405	1,090
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	80,260	38,205	42,055
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,315	9,030	8,285
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,945	29,175	33,770
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,960	22,190	24,765
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,730	3,340	2,390
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	41,230	18,860	22,375
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	80,260	38,200	42,060
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,235	7,595	7,640
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	22,900	10,955	11,945
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,120	19,650	22,470
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,295	13,855	14,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,720	6,695	2,025
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,480	2,880	1,595
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,235	3,815	420
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,150	6,115	11,030
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,425	1,045	1,385
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,830	5,790	8,035
Bachelor's degree	9,440	3,850	5,600
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,410	700	710
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	425	230	190
Master's degree	2,310	870	1,440
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	245	145	100
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,960	22,195	24,765
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,890	2,790	2,095
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,865	6,285	6,585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,200	13,120	16,080
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,995	9,190	9,810
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,475	4,220	1,260
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,765	1,780	980
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,715	2,435	275
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,045	4,305	7,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,475	670	810
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,200	3,930	6,270
Bachelor's degree	6,995	2,645	4,350
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,010	495	515
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	305	155	150
Master's degree	1,725	550	1,170
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	165	80	90
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	80,260	38,205	42,055
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	38,135	18,555	19,585
Education	3,485	955	2,535
13. Education	3,485	955	2,535
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	520	305	220
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	65	0
50. Visual and performing arts	445	230	215
Humanities	1,370	635	740
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	15	35
23. English language and literature/letters	240	95	150
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	530	235	295
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	15	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	20	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	95	35
54. History	280	145	135
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	10	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,735	930	2,810
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	310	130	185
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,350	185	1,165
22. Legal professions and studies	555	155	395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	20	15
42. Psychology	720	150	565
45. Social sciences	745	270	470
Business, management and public administration	8,255	2,490	5,770
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	715	170	540
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,530	2,315	5,210
Physical and life sciences and technologies	995	510	485
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	370	165	205
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	360	175	185
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	20
40. Physical sciences	180	135	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	30	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,030	615	415
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	935	580	355
25. Library science	45	10	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	30	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,160	9,600	560
04. Architecture and related services	45	35	10
14. Engineering	1,090	945	145
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,100	1,890	205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,280	3,220	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,255	2,165	90
48. Precision production	1,390	1,340	55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	470	240	235
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	250	85	160
03. Natural resources and conservation	225	155	70
Health and related fields	8,480	1,255	7,230
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	205	115	90
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,125	1,050	7,075
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	155	95	65
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,610	2,130	1,480
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,875	540	1,340
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0
43. Security and protective services	585	490	95
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,125	1,085	45
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,960	22,195	24,765
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,760	9,075	8,685
Education	1,980	455	1,525
13. Education	1,980	455	1,525
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	445	255	185
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	45	0
50. Visual and performing arts	390	210	180
Humanities	870	345	525
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	10	25
23. English language and literature/letters	130	35	95
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	365	140	230
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	55	15
54. History	180	85	100
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,005	685	2,320
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	250	110	140
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,090	135	955
22. Legal professions and studies	460	115	345
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	15	10
42. Psychology	575	115	465
45. Social sciences	585	185	405
Business, management and public administration	5,610	1,605	4,010
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	500	90	415
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,100	1,515	3,585
Physical and life sciences and technologies	675	335	340
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	285	130	155
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	220	100	120
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	15
40. Physical sciences	120	85	35
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	15	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	850	515	335
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	795	505	290
25. Library science	35	0	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,650	6,220	430
04. Architecture and related services	30	20	10
14. Engineering	800	685	115
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,295	1,135	155
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,135	2,095	35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,510	1,450	65
48. Precision production	875	830	40
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	350	180	165
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	180	60	120
03. Natural resources and conservation	170	115	45
Health and related fields	5,995	910	5,085
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	140	80	60
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,765	790	4,975
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	40	50
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,780	1,610	1,170
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,415	375	1,040
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	10	10
43. Security and protective services	480	390	90
49. Transportation and materials moving	860	825	35
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,960	22,195	24,765
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,760	9,075	8,685
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	29,200	13,115	16,085
Location of study inside Canada	27,725	12,370	15,355
Same as province or territory of residence	23,990	10,445	13,545
Different than province or territory of residence	3,735	1,920	1,815
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,480	750	725
Americas	375	165	210
United States of America	355	160	195
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	10
Europe	155	90	70
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	25	15	15
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	10	0	10
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	30	20	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	55	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10
Africa	55	35	15
Nigeria	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	20	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	860	445	415
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	10	0	0
China⁹⁰	95	45	50
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	10
Philippines	160	65	100
Viet Nam	15	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	495	290	200
Pakistan	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	15	10
Oceania	20	10	15
Australia	20	10	15
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	80,260	38,200	42,060
In the labour force	41,585	20,740	20,840
Employed	33,470	16,080	17,395
Unemployed	8,115	4,665	3,445
Not in the labour force	38,675	17,460	21,210
Participation rate	51.8	54.3	49.5
Employment rate	41.7	42.1	41.4
Unemployment rate	19.5	22.5	16.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	80,260	38,205	42,055
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,260	17,555	20,705
Worked	42,000	20,650	21,350
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,920	9,580	10,345
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,075	11,070	11,005
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.3	37.4	39.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	41,585	20,745	20,845
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,620	950	675
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	39,960	19,790	20,170
Employee	36,980	17,835	19,140
Permanent position	27,045	12,605	14,440
Temporary position	9,935	5,235	4,700
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,735	720	1,010
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	8,200	4,510	3,690
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,980	1,955	1,025
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	41,585	20,745	20,845
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,620	950	675
All occupations¹⁹¹	39,960	19,790	20,170
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	185	105	80
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,595	1,495	4,100
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,465	1,200	265
3 Health occupations	5,225	965	4,265
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,285	1,780	3,505
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	675	280	395
6 Sales and service occupations	12,180	5,365	6,815
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,785	6,410	375
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,355	1,175	175
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,205	1,010	195
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	41,585	20,745	20,845
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,620	950	675
All industries¹⁹¹	39,960	19,790	20,170
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,220	1,000	215
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	570	520	50
22 Utilities	405	370	35
23 Construction	3,070	2,780	295
31-33 Manufacturing	1,340	1,085	250
41 Wholesale trade	515	430	90
44-45 Retail trade	5,355	2,450	2,910
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,705	1,270	435
51 Information and cultural industries	375	215	165
52 Finance and insurance	735	235	495
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	320	230	90
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,485	840	640
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,700	1,585	1,115
61 Educational services	3,135	980	2,155
62 Health care and social assistance	8,125	1,610	6,510
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	745	385	360
72 Accommodation and food services	3,035	1,390	1,645
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,590	810	780
91 Public administration	3,520	1,600	1,915
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	45,575	22,610	22,965
English	44,625	22,180	22,445
French	120	55	65
Non-official language	35	20	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	35	20	15
English and French	505	200	305
English and non-official language(s)	280	160	125
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	45,575	22,610	22,965
Single responses	45,430	22,555	22,875
Official languages	45,355	22,525	22,830
English	45,125	22,435	22,690
French	230	90	135
Non-official languages	75	30	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	15
Algonquian languages	20	0	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	0	15
Mi'kmaq	20	0	15
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	30	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	145	55	90
English and French	110	40	70
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	45,575	22,610	22,965
None	44,900	22,295	22,610
English	145	50	100
French	295	125	170
Non-official language	185	105	80
Indigenous³⁹	35	10	20
Non-Indigenous	150	90	60
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	35	30	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	33,470	16,080	17,395
Worked at home	4,155	1,660	2,495
Worked outside Canada	30	25	10
No fixed workplace address	4,680	3,335	1,345
Usual place of work	24,605	11,060	13,550
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	24,605	11,060	13,545
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,590	9,955	12,630
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	340	140	195
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	505	285	225
Commute to a different province or territory	1,170	675	500
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	29,285	14,395	14,890
Car, truck or van	26,915	13,115	13,805
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,575	12,200	12,375
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,345	915	1,425
Public transit	560	335	220
Walked	995	465	530
Bicycle	55	50	0
Other method	765	430	335
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	29,285	14,395	14,890
Less than 15 minutes	13,575	6,130	7,440
15 to 29 minutes	10,425	5,125	5,300
30 to 44 minutes	3,755	2,100	1,660
45 to 59 minutes	770	495	275
60 minutes and over	760	545	215
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	29,285	14,395	14,890
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,475	1,000	475
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,235	2,890	2,345
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,215	4,060	4,150
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,340	3,010	4,330
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,010	1,370	1,645
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,005	2,065	1,940
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	14,760	7,520	7,245
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	915	440	475
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,845	7,080	6,770
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,065	5,635	5,430
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	710	335	380
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	500	225	275
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	215	110	105
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,350	5,305	5,045

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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