Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Moncton, City (C)More information: New Brunswick [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	79,470	...	...
Population, 2016¹	71,889	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	37,318	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	35,118	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	564.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	140.67	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	79,470	38,720	40,745
0 to 14 years	12,025	6,045	5,980
0 to 4 years	3,570	1,775	1,795
5 to 9 years	4,265	2,160	2,105
10 to 14 years	4,190	2,110	2,080
15 to 64 years	52,185	25,960	26,225
15 to 19 years	4,020	2,035	1,980
20 to 24 years	5,695	2,905	2,795
25 to 29 years	5,760	2,920	2,840
30 to 34 years	5,570	2,755	2,815
35 to 39 years	5,570	2,740	2,830
40 to 44 years	5,345	2,645	2,700
45 to 49 years	5,185	2,565	2,620
50 to 54 years	4,870	2,470	2,400
55 to 59 years	5,175	2,525	2,655
60 to 64 years	4,990	2,400	2,590
65 years and over	15,260	6,720	8,540
65 to 69 years	4,560	2,125	2,435
70 to 74 years	3,965	1,850	2,115
75 to 79 years	2,735	1,210	1,525
80 to 84 years	1,895	780	1,115
85 years and over	2,105	745	1,355
85 to 89 years	1,220	470	755
90 to 94 years	635	210	420
95 to 99 years	225	60	165
100 years and over	30	5	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1	15.6	14.7
15 to 64 years	65.7	67.0	64.4
65 years and over	19.2	17.4	21.0
85 years and over	2.6	1.9	3.3
Average age of the population	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	40.8	40.0	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	35,120	...	...
Single-detached house	14,770	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,380	...	...
Row house	805	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,325	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,595	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,130	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,035	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	35,120	...	...
1 person	11,540	...	...
2 persons	13,015	...	...
3 persons	5,020	...	...
4 persons	3,855	...	...
5 or more persons	1,685	...	...
Number of persons in private households	77,405	37,700	39,710
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	67,445	32,675	34,765
Married or living common-law	35,785	17,895	17,895
Married	26,670	13,330	13,340
Living common-law	9,120	4,560	4,560
Living common law - Never married	6,750	3,395	3,355
Living common law - Separated	595	300	300
Living common law - Divorced	1,570	770	795
Living common law - Widowed	195	90	110
Not married and not living common-law	31,655	14,785	16,870
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,480	11,395	10,090
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,230	895	1,335
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,415	1,700	2,710
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,540	805	2,735
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	21,265	...	...
2 persons	12,230	...	...
3 persons	4,350	...	...
4 persons	3,450	...	...
5 or more persons	1,240	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	21,270	...	...
Total couple families	17,480	...	...
Married couples	12,920	...	...
With children⁶	6,015	...	...
Without children	6,905	...	...
Common-law couples	4,555	...	...
With children⁶	1,655	...	...
Without children	2,900	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,790	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,020	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	765	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	77,405	37,700	39,705
Total - Persons in census families	58,020	28,325	29,700
Married spouses or common-law partners	34,965	17,480	17,480
Parents in one-parent families	3,785	770	3,020
Children⁶	19,275	10,070	9,200
In a two-parent family	13,655	7,045	6,615
In a one-parent family	5,615	3,030	2,585
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,385	9,380	10,005
Living alone	11,540	5,065	6,475
Living with other relatives⁷	2,055	920	1,140
Living with non-relatives only	5,785	3,395	2,390
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	35,115	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	19,245	...	...
Couple-family households	16,235	...	...
With children⁶	7,155	...	...
Without children	9,085	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,000	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	485	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	130	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,065	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,655	...	...
One-person households	11,540	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	65,515	31,720	33,800
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,195	30,585	32,615
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	41,200	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,220	30,600	32,625
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	36,400	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,200	27,835	28,370
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,400	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,340	23,705	22,635
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,000	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50,855	23,020	27,830
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000	10,400	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,960	4,310	4,655
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,520	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,630	8,625	9,005
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	65,515	31,720	33,795
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,085	30,530	32,555
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,160	51,500	41,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,120	30,545	32,570
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,960	42,640	35,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,160	27,780	28,385
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,320	47,440	35,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,335	23,685	22,655
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,720	44,840	36,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50,815	22,935	27,875
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,660	11,110	12,110
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,750	4,220	4,530
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,470	6,420	6,510
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,475	8,380	9,095
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	9,010	8,990
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	65,520	31,715	33,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,200	11,855	10,345
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	55,600	50,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,350	65,800	56,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,715	8,895	9,820
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,600	18,200	15,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,380	26,000	21,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.6	83.8	74.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.8	67.6	61.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.3	16.2	25.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.7	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.3	5.5	7.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.4	4.8	6.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	65,515	31,720	33,795
Without total income	2,320	1,135	1,185
With total income	63,200	30,585	32,615
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,830	2,205	2,620
$10,000 to $19,999	7,605	3,035	4,575
$20,000 to $29,999	10,985	4,850	6,135
$30,000 to $39,999	10,160	4,795	5,360
$40,000 to $49,999	8,775	4,135	4,640
$50,000 to $59,999	6,200	3,165	3,030
$60,000 to $69,999	4,205	2,255	1,950
$70,000 to $79,999	3,015	1,690	1,330
$80,000 to $89,999	2,155	1,120	1,030
$90,000 to $99,999	1,505	815	690
$100,000 and over	3,780	2,530	1,250
$100,000 to $149,999	2,565	1,645	915
$150,000 and over	1,210	880	335
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	65,515	31,720	33,795
Without after-tax income	2,295	1,120	1,175
With after-tax income	63,220	30,595	32,620
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,100	2,270	2,835
$10,000 to $19,999	7,940	3,215	4,725
$20,000 to $29,999	13,345	6,045	7,295
$30,000 to $39,999	12,155	5,765	6,385
$40,000 to $49,999	9,375	4,700	4,670
$50,000 to $59,999	5,840	3,065	2,770
$60,000 to $69,999	3,605	1,895	1,705
$70,000 to $79,999	2,200	1,205	995
$80,000 to $89,999	1,220	745	480
$90,000 to $99,999	700	445	255
$100,000 and over	1,745	1,240	505
$100,000 to $124,999	855	600	260
$125,000 and over	895	645	245
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	65,515	31,720	33,795
Without employment income	19,180	8,015	11,165
With employment income	46,335	23,705	22,635
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,985	2,900	3,085
$5,000 to $9,999	4,045	1,825	2,215
$10,000 to $19,999	6,135	2,875	3,260
$20,000 to $29,999	5,135	2,590	2,545
$30,000 to $39,999	5,755	2,750	3,005
$40,000 to $49,999	5,080	2,575	2,500
$50,000 to $59,999	3,720	2,035	1,680
$60,000 to $69,999	2,785	1,520	1,265
$70,000 to $79,999	2,135	1,225	910
$80,000 to $89,999	1,655	830	830
$90,000 to $99,999	1,130	630	495
$100,000 and over	2,790	1,945	840
$100,000 to $124,999	1,350	885	470
$125,000 and over	1,440	1,065	370
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	65,515	31,720	33,800
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,920	29,900	32,020
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,400	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,960	29,900	32,055
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	34,400	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,435	27,425	28,010
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,400	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,125	23,555	22,570
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,000	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,725	19,515	25,215
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,950	5,840	7,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,665	3,200	3,470
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,680	5,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	65,515	31,720	33,795
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,775	29,785	31,990
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,480	49,320	38,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,830	29,785	32,050
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,520	40,640	32,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,480	27,355	28,130
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,480	47,960	35,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,970	23,455	22,515
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,160	45,560	36,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,610	19,380	25,230
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,590	8,130	8,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,590	3,135	3,450
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,970	6,690	7,220
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	65,520	31,715	33,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,085	11,770	10,310
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	52,000	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,750	62,450	52,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,220	8,200	9,020
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	24,000	19,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,960	31,560	24,700
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.8	89.2	81.4
Employment income (%)	70.4	72.8	67.6
Government transfers (%)	14.3	10.7	18.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.4	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	35,120	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,540	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	23,575	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	35,115	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,550	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,320	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	23,565	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	35,120	...	...
Under $5,000	370	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	365	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	665	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	600	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,875	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,410	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,555	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,740	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,785	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,700	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,235	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,890	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,635	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,375	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,975	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,945	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,635	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,335	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,400	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,575	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	35,120	...	...
Under $5,000	395	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	370	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	680	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	635	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,040	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,795	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,925	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,045	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,075	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,960	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,260	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,015	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,900	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,015	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,240	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,820	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,955	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	21,510	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,300	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,730	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,615	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,330	8,460	8,870
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	35,200	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,400	31,800	31,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	21,395	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,245	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,765	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,565	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,350	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,405	8,540	8,865
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,360	42,440	38,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,680	35,880	33,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	77,405	37,700	39,705
0 to 17 years	14,205	7,165	7,040
0 to 5 years	4,330	2,145	2,180
18 to 64 years	49,110	24,235	24,875
65 years and over	14,090	6,290	7,795
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,945	5,385	6,565
0 to 17 years	2,955	1,485	1,465
0 to 5 years	985	475	510
18 to 64 years	6,530	3,010	3,520
65 years and over	2,465	890	1,575
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.4	14.3	16.5
0 to 17 years (%)	20.8	20.7	20.8
0 to 5 years (%)	22.7	22.1	23.4
18 to 64 years (%)	13.3	12.4	14.2
65 years and over (%)	17.5	14.2	20.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	77,405	37,700	39,705
0 to 17 years	14,200	7,170	7,035
0 to 5 years	4,325	2,145	2,185
18 to 64 years	49,110	24,240	24,870
65 years and over	14,090	6,295	7,795
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,270	2,655	2,620
0 to 17 years	1,135	560	570
0 to 5 years	340	165	175
18 to 64 years	3,875	1,995	1,875
65 years and over	265	90	175
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.8	7.0	6.6
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	7.8	8.1
0 to 5 years (%)	7.9	7.7	8.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.9	8.2	7.5
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.5	2.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	77,405	37,700	39,705
In bottom half of the distribution	49,130	23,665	25,470
In bottom decile	11,435	5,425	6,010
In second decile	10,620	4,990	5,625
In third decile	9,780	4,690	5,095
In fourth decile	8,840	4,345	4,490
In fifth decile	8,455	4,205	4,250
In top half of the distribution	28,275	14,035	14,235
In sixth decile	7,310	3,665	3,645
In seventh decile	6,705	3,280	3,430
In eighth decile	5,990	2,950	3,035
In ninth decile	4,720	2,350	2,365
In top decile	3,550	1,795	1,760
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	77,405	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.320	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.442	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	78,210	38,075	40,135
English only	41,625	21,055	20,575
French only	2,015	900	1,105
English and French	34,135	15,905	18,225
Neither English nor French	435	210	225
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	78,210	38,075	40,135
English	54,115	26,725	27,390
French	22,410	10,535	11,880
English and French	1,275	615	655
Neither English nor French	410	200	210
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	78,210	38,075	40,135
Single responses	74,600	36,320	38,285
Official languages	67,140	32,465	34,675
English	45,765	22,430	23,330
French	21,375	10,035	11,345
Non-official languages	7,465	3,855	3,610
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	10
Algonquian languages	15	5	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	5	10
Mi'kmaq	10	5	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,450	3,850	3,600
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,185	630	555
Berber languages	30	15	10
Kabyle	20	15	10
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0
Chadic languages	10	5	5
Hausa	5	5	5
Mina	5	0	5
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	10	5
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	10	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,130	600	530
Amharic	5	0	0
Arabic	1,085	575	515
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	15	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	10	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	430	205	225
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0
Vietnamese	425	205	225
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	645	280	365
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Cebuano	50	25	25
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	5
Indonesian	25	5	20
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	20	5	10
Merina	10	5	10
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Malay	5	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	490	225	270
Waray-Waray	10	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Creole languages	65	25	40
Haitian Creole	30	10	25
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	5	5	5
Morisyen	5	5	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	300	185	115
Kannada	10	10	0
Malayalam	85	55	25
Tamil	75	40	40
Telugu	125	75	50
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,130	1,685	1,445
Albanian	25	10	15
Armenian	15	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	515	260	255
Baltic languages	5	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	5
Slavic languages	505	255	250
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5
Czech	20	10	10
Macedonian	5	0	5
Polish	25	15	10
Russian	310	160	150
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	10
Bosnian	5	5	0
Croatian	5	0	5
Serbian	10	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Slovak	5	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	130	55	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	195	80	115
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	105	40	65
German	95	40	60
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	30	40
Afrikaans	25	15	10
Dutch	45	20	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10
Danish	5	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,300	775	525
Indo-Aryan languages	1,190	720	475
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	75	40	40
Gujarati	190	135	55
Hindi	200	130	70
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	0
Marathi	25	10	15
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	5	5	5
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	580	340	235
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0
Urdu	85	45	45
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Iranian languages	110	60	50
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	25	15	10
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	80	45	35
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	75	40	35
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,065	535	535
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	105	60	45
Portuguese	400	195	205
Romanian	125	65	55
Spanish	440	210	230
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	25	5	15
Korean	480	240	245
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	505	255	250
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0
Bamanankan	50	25	25
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	15	10	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	15	15
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	15	10	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	30	15
Lingala	15	10	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	5	0	5
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	15
Shona	10	5	5
Soninke	5	5	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	130	65	65
Wojenaka	15	5	5
Wolof	35	15	20
Yoruba	45	25	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	15
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	5
American Sign Language	10	10	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	595	290	305
Chinese languages	575	280	300
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	440	205	230
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5
Yue (Cantonese)	110	60	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5
Burmese	10	5	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	10	5	5
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	15	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Uralic languages	25	15	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	5
Hungarian	20	15	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,610	1,755	1,855
English and French	2,230	1,055	1,175
English and non-official language(s)	915	465	450
French and non-official language(s)	290	140	150
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	45	35
Multiple non-official languages	95	50	50
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	78,210	38,075	40,135
English	48,505	23,875	24,625
French	12,905	5,990	6,915
Non-official language	2,275	1,160	1,115
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	2,275	1,160	1,115
English and French	8,175	3,790	4,385
English and non-official language(s)	4,615	2,415	2,205
French and non-official language(s)	565	255	305
English, French and non-official language(s)	950	480	470
Multiple non-official languages	225	110	115
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	78,210	38,075	40,135
Single responses	74,690	36,365	38,320
Official languages	69,750	33,815	35,935
English	53,730	26,390	27,340
French	16,015	7,430	8,590
Non-official languages	4,935	2,550	2,385
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,935	2,550	2,385
Afro-Asiatic languages	800	410	390
Berber languages	5	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Chadic languages	10	5	5
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	5	0	5
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	5	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	775	400	380
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	765	390	375
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	310	150	160
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	310	150	160
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	345	160	185
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	10
Cebuano	40	20	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	5	0	10
Merina	5	0	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	275	130	140
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	50	20	35
Haitian Creole	30	10	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	5	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	225	145	80
Kannada	5	0	5
Malayalam	60	45	15
Tamil	75	45	35
Telugu	85	50	30
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,020	1,090	930
Albanian	15	10	10
Armenian	5	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	345	180	170
Baltic languages	0	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	5
Slavic languages	345	175	170
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	5
Russian	235	115	115
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	100	45	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	45	25	15
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	20	10	10
German	15	5	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	15	10
Afrikaans	15	10	5
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	905	530	380
Indo-Aryan languages	835	490	340
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	40	20	20
Gujarati	110	70	35
Hindi	130	80	50
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	0	5
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	470	285	185
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0
Urdu	60	25	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	75	35	35
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	20	10	10
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0
Persian languages	45	25	25
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	45	20	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	700	350	355
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	30	15	20
Portuguese	330	155	175
Romanian	90	50	40
Spanish	255	130	120
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	5
Korean	415	210	205
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	285	130	150
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	25	10	15
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	0	15
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	20	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	5
Shona	5	5	5
Soninke	5	5	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	100	45	55
Wojenaka	5	0	0
Wolof	25	15	10
Yoruba	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	15	10
American Sign Language	20	10	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	440	215	225
Chinese languages	425	205	220
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	340	165	175
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	40	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5
Burmese	10	0	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	5	0	5
S'gaw Karen	5	0	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,520	1,705	1,820
English and French	1,925	875	1,045
English and non-official language(s)	1,235	645	590
French and non-official language(s)	225	115	110
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	65	55
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	15
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	78,210	38,075	40,135
None	66,685	32,455	34,230
English	4,550	2,215	2,335
French	3,840	1,795	2,045
Non-official language	1,910	965	945
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	5
Non-Indigenous	1,895	955	940
English and French	200	105	90
English and non-official language(s)	460	245	210
French and non-official language(s)	235	115	120
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	300	165	140
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	77,405	37,700	39,705
Official languages	76,945	37,485	39,460
English	74,865	36,560	38,310
French	35,945	16,755	19,185
Non-official languages	11,540	5,935	5,610
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	30	25
Algonquian languages	45	30	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	40	30	10
Mi'kmaq	35	25	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,490	5,900	5,585
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,590	890	700
Berber languages	40	20	15
Kabyle	35	15	15
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	55	25	25
Hausa	25	10	15
Mina	30	15	15
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,495	840	650
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	1,390	780	615
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	100	60	40
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	460	250	215
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	460	250	215
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	985	430	560
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	15
Cebuano	90	30	60
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	20	0	20
Ilocano	25	10	10
Indonesian	50	15	35
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	50	30	20
Merina	40	30	10
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0	10
Malay	20	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	815	355	460
Waray-Waray	20	10	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25
Creole languages	315	115	195
Haitian Creole	115	40	75
Jamaican English Creole	40	10	20
Krio	50	15	25
Morisyen	40	20	20
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	15	40
Dravidian languages	530	320	210
Kannada	30	15	15
Malayalam	170	115	55
Tamil	250	145	100
Telugu	170	85	80
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,030	2,605	2,425
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	30	25	0
Balto-Slavic languages	695	375	325
Baltic languages	10	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	10
Slavic languages	695	375	325
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	50	25	25
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	40	0	25
Russian	470	255	215
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	20	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	35	20	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	210	105	100
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	15	10
Irish	15	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	425	190	230
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	315	150	160
German	305	145	160
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	25	50
Afrikaans	15	10	10
Dutch	60	15	45
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	70	25	40
Danish	30	0	30
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	0	15
Swedish	40	25	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	30	20	15
Indo-Iranian languages	1,870	1,075	800
Indo-Aryan languages	1,785	1,030	755
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	95	50	45
Gujarati	240	175	65
Hindi	1,190	665	520
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	25	15	10
Marathi	25	15	15
Nepali	35	10	25
Oriya languages	15	15	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	840	450	385
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	15	0
Urdu	180	100	75
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	95	50	45
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	10	10	0
Persian languages	80	40	45
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	70	35	40
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,150	1,000	1,150
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	250	130	125
Portuguese	550	275	275
Romanian	160	90	70
Spanish	1,370	610	765
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	75	50	25
Korean	565	300	265
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,605	820	785
Akan (Twi)	15	10	0
Bamanankan	170	105	70
Edo	10	0	0
Éwé	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	145	80	65
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	10	10	10
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	145	75	75
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	150	80	70
Lingala	230	125	105
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	40	10	20
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	15
Shona	30	15	15
Soninke	20	15	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	325	145	180
Wojenaka	40	25	20
Wolof	100	55	45
Yoruba	355	190	165
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	245	115	130
Nilo-Saharan languages	70	30	50
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	30	50
African, n.o.s.	30	10	20
Sign languages	210	80	125
American Sign Language	190	75	120
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	715	370	345
Chinese languages	690	355	335
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	605	295	310
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	115	70	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	30	15	15
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	70	30	40
Azerbaijani	10	0	10
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	65	25	40
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	15	30
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	15	0	15
Hungarian	35	15	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	77,405	37,700	39,710
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,080	985	1,095
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,005	935	1,070
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,115	520	595
Métis	850	385	460
Inuk (Inuit)	40	30	15
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	10	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	50	40	15
Non-Indigenous identity	75,325	36,720	38,610
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	77,405	37,700	39,710
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	580	300	285
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	76,820	37,400	39,420
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	35,120	...	...
Owner	19,635	...	...
Renter	15,475	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	35,120	...	...
Condominium	1,945	...	...
Not condominium	33,170	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	35,120	...	...
No bedrooms	235	...	...
1 bedroom	5,080	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,270	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,575	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,960	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	35,120	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,285	...	...
5 rooms	5,855	...	...
6 rooms	4,830	...	...
7 rooms	4,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,885	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	35,120	...	...
One person or fewer per room	34,665	...	...
More than one person per room	455	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	35,120	...	...
Suitable	33,750	...	...
Not suitable	1,370	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	35,120	...	...
1960 or before	7,225	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,895	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,850	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,360	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,480	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,120	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,755	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,435	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	35,120	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	33,095	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,025	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	35,120	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,605	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,380	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,130	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	35,120	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,000	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,665	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,095	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,945	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,985	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,275	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,910	...	...
85 years and over	1,245	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	34,915	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	27,870	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,050	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,465	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	35,120	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,660	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,355	...	...
Not suitable only	1,140	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,395	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	145	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	540	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	25,455	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	34,330	...	...
In core need	3,250	...	...
Not in core need	31,085	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,640	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,090	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,162	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	237,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,480	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	77,405	37,700	39,705
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	865	430	435
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	855	430	425
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	635	300	335
Métis single ancestry	200	130	75
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	15
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,485	1,120	1,360
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,445	1,095	1,345
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,785	845	940
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	630	250	385
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	20
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	25	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	74,055	36,145	37,910
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	77,405	37,700	39,705
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	68,480	33,045	35,440
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,190	6,180	6,010
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	56,290	26,865	29,430
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,925	4,660	4,270
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	77,405	37,700	39,705
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	65,255	31,380	33,880
Immigrants⁸¹	8,460	4,345	4,115
Before 1980	940	435	505
1980 to 1990	265	160	100
1991 to 2000	355	175	185
2001 to 2010	1,145	565	580
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,765	3,015	2,745
2011 to 2015	1,350	680	675
2016 to 2021	4,415	2,335	2,075
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,690	1,975	1,715
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,460	4,345	4,115
Under 5 years	1,055	570	485
5 to 14 years	1,785	935	850
15 to 24 years	1,110	555	560
25 to 44 years	3,850	1,900	1,955
45 years and over	660	390	265
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,460	4,345	4,115
Americas	1,180	565	615
Brazil	85	40	45
Colombia	45	30	20
El Salvador	15	15	0
Guyana	25	10	10
Haiti	95	40	55
Jamaica	100	25	70
Mexico	45	25	20
Peru	25	10	15
Trinidad and Tobago	15	15	0
United States of America	555	265	295
Other places of birth in Americas	185	100	80
Europe	1,525	770	750
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	295	145	145
Germany	60	30	30
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	25	0	20
Italy	65	35	25
Netherlands	30	10	15
Poland	10	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	120	65	50
Russian Federation	110	45	65
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	125	65	55
United Kingdom⁸⁷	390	200	190
Other places of birth in Europe	275	145	135
Africa	1,980	1,050	925
Algeria	55	35	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	270	120	150
Egypt	95	60	35
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	170	100	75
Nigeria	465	260	210
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	875	460	415
Asia	3,760	1,945	1,810
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20
Iraq	55	35	20
Lebanon	110	50	60
Syria⁸⁹	385	235	155
Turkey	20	15	0
China⁹⁰	475	210	270
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	35	10
Korea, South⁹²	375	195	180
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	800	350	445
Viet Nam	240	135	105
Bangladesh	65	25	35
India	655	370	290
Pakistan	80	55	30
Sri Lanka	25	15	10
Other places of birth in Asia	390	205	185
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	10	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,410	2,340	2,075
Americas	355	175	185
Brazil	55	25	30
Colombia	10	10	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	70	20	50
Mexico	40	25	20
United States of America	85	50	35
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	80	40	45
Europe	435	225	210
France	125	65	55
Germany	10	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	35	10	25
Ukraine	75	35	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	25	0
Other places of birth in Europe	160	75	90
Africa	1,365	730	635
Algeria	50	25	20
Burundi	10	10	0
Cameroon	55	15	40
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	65	90
Côte d'Ivoire	45	20	25
Egypt	85	55	30
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	95	55	40
Nigeria	465	260	210
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	65	30	35
Tunisia	25	20	0
Other places of birth in Africa	285	155	125
Asia	2,250	1,210	1,045
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	50	20	30
China⁹⁰	230	110	120
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	405	240	170
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0
Iraq	45	25	20
Israel	35	30	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	60	25	40
Korea, South⁹²	135	80	55
Lebanon	25	10	20
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	75	45	25
Philippines	475	235	240
Saudi Arabia	20	10	10
Sri Lanka	20	10	10
Syria⁸⁹	340	200	135
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	65	35	35
Viet Nam	150	75	75
Other places of birth in Asia	55	30	25
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	77,405	37,700	39,705
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,740	6,600	6,135
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,135	2,535	2,600
Third generation or more¹⁰²	59,535	28,565	30,970
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,520	3,910	3,610
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,120	2,685	2,435
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,120	1,340	785
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,000	1,350	1,650
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,100	525	570
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,255	665	595
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	35	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,520	3,910	3,610
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	90	65	25
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	965	480	485
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	255	135	120
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	560	330	230
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	10	15
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,630	2,890	2,740
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	77,405	37,700	39,710
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	11,545	5,960	5,580
South Asian	2,310	1,320	990
Chinese	660	315	345
Black	4,075	1,990	2,095
Filipino	980	435	540
Arab	1,165	650	520
Latin American	565	285	280
Southeast Asian	615	325	285
West Asian	95	60	40
Korean	575	315	260
Japanese	65	20	45
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	55	25	25
Multiple visible minorities	385	225	160
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	65,860	31,735	34,125
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	77,405	37,700	39,705
Canadian	13,850	6,595	7,255
English	12,915	6,310	6,610
Irish	14,255	6,760	7,490
Scottish	12,655	6,160	6,495
French, n.o.s.¹²²	13,945	6,720	7,225
German	3,990	1,885	2,105
Chinese	790	395	395
Italian	1,255	570	685
Indian (India)	1,560	890	675
Ukrainian	575	255	315
Dutch	880	425	460
Polish	325	150	175
Québécois	700	385	315
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,695	880	810
Filipino	945	415	520
French Canadian	1,525	745	775
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,505	2,085	2,420
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,025	465	560
Métis	860	390	470
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,195	560	640
Russian	315	170	140
Norwegian	350	160	190
Welsh	985	455	525
Portuguese	370	190	175
American	565	275	295
Spanish	505	260	250
Swedish	180	85	100
Hungarian	160	70	90
Acadian	13,160	6,065	7,095
Pakistani	85	50	35
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	995	410	590
Jewish	225	130	90
Punjabi	195	105	90
Vietnamese	450	245	210
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	455	270	185
Greek	100	35	65
Jamaican	230	95	135
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	350	160	185
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	70	25	45
Korean	500	275	230
Romanian	240	130	105
Lebanese	370	170	200
Iranian	65	25	45
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	285	125	160
Danish	245	110	135
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	270	165	110
Sikh	205	135	70
Austrian	90	40	50
Belgian	200	110	90
Haitian	160	70	95
Hindu	215	145	70
Mexican	145	90	55
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	155	100	55
Finnish	105	45	65
Sri Lankan	35	20	20
Croatian	40	20	20
Japanese	80	35	45
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	20	10
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	850	400	450
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	155	85	70
Muslim	235	145	90
Egyptian	105	60	40
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	95	35	60
Tamil	50	35	15
Icelandic	65	25	35
Colombian	30	10	15
Moroccan	245	140	105
Czech	50	25	25
Syrian	285	135	145
Guyanese	40	10	25
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	125	45	80
Serbian	15	10	0
Ojibway	45	20	30
Newfoundlander	280	125	155
Hong Konger	30	20	10
Ontarian	95	50	50
Persian	20	10	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	60	30	25
Turkish	35	25	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	75	25	45
Bangladeshi	60	35	25
Algerian	50	20	25
Brazilian	310	140	165
Nigerian	245	145	100
Armenian	10	10	0
Slovak	75	30	45
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	70	40	25
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	60	30	35
Salvadorean	15	10	10
African Caribbean	75	30	50
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25	15	10
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	10	25
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	65	30	35
Algonquin	40	25	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	15	10
Lithuanian	90	35	60
South African	15	0	0
Australian	50	30	20
Palestinian	65	45	20
Chilean	40	20	20
Congolese	200	95	105
Nova Scotian	290	135	160
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	10	0
Peruvian	20	15	10
Yoruba	325	190	130
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	0
Berber	35	25	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	30	10	20
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	130	80	50
New Brunswicker	1,530	720	810
Gujarati	20	15	0
Eritrean	55	25	25
African Canadian	80	30	55
Israeli	40	35	10
Mohawk	30	25	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	10
Bulgarian	25	0	25
Albertan	10	0	10
Ghanaian	10	0	10
Barbadian	25	10	15
African American	50	30	25
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10
Tunisian	100	60	45
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	10	10
Cuban	30	25	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	20	10	10
Bengali	20	15	10
Cameroonian	145	70	75
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	50	15	40
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	10	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	95	50	45
British Columbian	20	10	10
Ecuadorian	15	0	0
Franco Ontarian	15	15	0
Argentinian	55	20	30
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	20	10	10
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	15	20
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	35	10	25
Dominican	40	20	20
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	30	15	15
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	95	55	40
Byelorussian	50	30	25
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	10	0
Abenaki	25	0	20
Moldovan	25	15	10
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	0	20
New Zealander	25	0	15
Sudanese	110	65	45
Breton	25	15	10
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	10	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	30	10	15
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10
Saskatchewanian	15	0	15
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	10	0	0
Norman	30	20	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	90	35	55
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	20	10	10
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	30	15	10
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	10	0	10
Jordanian	35	20	15
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	125	55	70
Rwandan	145	80	65
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	20	10	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	45	25	20
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0
Flemish	15	0	10
United Empire Loyalist	45	20	30
Senegalese	50	20	35
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	15	15	10
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	80	50	25
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	25	15	15
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	10	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	35	25	15
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	70	40	35
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	45	15	30
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	10	10
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	130	75	55
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	105	40	70
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	60	25	30
Maliseet	55	15	45
Beninese	45	30	20
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	10	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	0
Malagasy	50	30	20
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	77,405	37,700	39,710
Buddhist	180	100	75
Christian	45,645	20,865	24,785
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,235	2,530	2,705
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	2,140	1,005	1,140
Baptist	4,685	2,095	2,585
Catholic	25,705	11,680	14,025
Christian Orthodox	350	180	165
Jehovah's Witness	390	165	230
Latter Day Saints	40	25	15
Lutheran	85	35	45
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	850	380	470
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,040	475	565
Presbyterian	515	245	265
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	3,250	1,425	1,825
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,335	605	730
Hindu	995	640	360
Jewish	205	130	75
Muslim	2,485	1,350	1,135
Sikh	605	305	295
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	10	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	660	280	385
No religion and secular perspectives	26,615	14,020	12,590
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	76,675	37,390	39,285
Non-movers	62,765	30,515	32,255
Movers	13,910	6,875	7,030
Non-migrants	8,120	3,915	4,200
Migrants	5,795	2,965	2,825
Internal migrants	4,850	2,460	2,390
Intraprovincial migrants	2,350	1,110	1,235
Interprovincial migrants	2,505	1,350	1,160
External migrants	940	510	430
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	73,750	35,945	37,805
Non-movers	37,440	18,320	19,115
Movers	36,310	17,625	18,685
Non-migrants	14,955	7,025	7,935
Migrants	21,355	10,600	10,750
Internal migrants	14,935	7,265	7,670
Intraprovincial migrants	9,450	4,545	4,910
Interprovincial migrants	5,485	2,715	2,765
External migrants	6,420	3,335	3,085
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,520	31,715	33,795
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,735	5,520	5,210
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	54,785	26,195	28,590
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,890	20,555	21,335
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,990	2,325	1,665
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,905	18,225	19,670
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,515	31,720	33,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,695	4,890	4,810
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,070	9,865	9,205
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,750	16,965	19,785
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,480	9,650	10,835
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,610	2,470	1,140
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,055	1,170	885
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,550	1,300	255
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,390	6,570	8,825
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,480	610	870
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,270	7,315	8,955
Bachelor's degree	11,060	4,845	6,215
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,070	445	620
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	365	165	200
Master's degree	3,255	1,520	1,730
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	525	340	185
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,885	20,555	21,335
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,530	2,025	1,500
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,885	5,945	4,940
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,470	12,585	14,890
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,480	6,885	7,600
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,245	1,475	770
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,385	780	605
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	865	695	170
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,325	5,025	6,300
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	910	385	525
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,995	5,700	7,295
Bachelor's degree	8,845	3,865	4,980
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	825	315	510
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	290	105	190
Master's degree	2,665	1,195	1,470
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	365	220	145
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	65,515	31,720	33,800
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,765	14,755	14,015
Education	2,415	660	1,755
13. Education	2,415	660	1,755
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,275	565	710
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170	100	70
50. Visual and performing arts	1,105	470	645
Humanities	1,700	685	1,010
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	210	60	150
23. English language and literature/letters	415	145	270
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	330	95	235
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	25	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	75	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	205	115	90
54. History	265	150	110
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130	25	105
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,715	1,175	2,535
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	20	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	415	185	230
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	800	40	760
22. Legal professions and studies	675	230	445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	25	55
42. Psychology	725	165	555
45. Social sciences	980	510	470
Business, management and public administration	9,960	3,875	6,080
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	725	165	565
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,220	3,715	5,505
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,260	595	660
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	595	260	330
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	260	105	160
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	0	40
40. Physical sciences	300	200	105
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	25	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,110	1,590	520
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,850	1,440	415
25. Library science	95	35	60
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	95	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	25	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,845	5,265	575
04. Architecture and related services	130	75	50
14. Engineering	1,175	955	220
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,665	1,435	230
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,040	1,020	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,235	1,185	50
48. Precision production	600	590	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	550	270	275
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	400	165	235
03. Natural resources and conservation	150	105	45
Health and related fields	5,230	860	4,370
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	350	200	150
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,735	605	4,130
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	135	60	75
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,700	1,415	1,280
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,510	410	1,100
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	60	40	20
43. Security and protective services	540	405	130
49. Transportation and materials moving	580	555	25
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	41,890	20,555	21,335
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,415	7,975	6,445
Education	1,455	345	1,110
13. Education	1,455	345	1,110
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,075	485	590
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	75	45
50. Visual and performing arts	960	415	545
Humanities	1,245	480	765
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185	40	140
23. English language and literature/letters	310	100	205
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	215	55	155
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	20	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	50	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	70	50
54. History	215	125	90
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90	20	70
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,015	920	2,095
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	15	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	375	180	200
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	675	20	655
22. Legal professions and studies	555	180	370
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	15	25
42. Psychology	565	110	455
45. Social sciences	775	400	375
Business, management and public administration	7,610	3,015	4,595
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	530	120	410
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,075	2,890	4,180
Physical and life sciences and technologies	975	450	520
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	455	195	255
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	190	70	120
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	0	40
40. Physical sciences	245	160	85
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	20	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,780	1,385	395
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,580	1,255	330
25. Library science	60	35	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	75	30
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	20	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,100	3,620	475
04. Architecture and related services	110	65	45
14. Engineering	925	740	185
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,245	1,045	200
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	660	650	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	755	725	35
48. Precision production	405	395	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	430	210	215
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	300	120	180
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	85	35
Health and related fields	3,865	695	3,165
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	255	150	105
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,480	500	2,980
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	40	75
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,925	965	960
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,110	295	815
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	15	10
43. Security and protective services	375	265	110
49. Transportation and materials moving	415	385	25
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	41,890	20,555	21,335
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,415	7,975	6,445
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	27,475	12,585	14,895
Location of study inside Canada	23,270	10,510	12,760
Same as province or territory of residence	16,800	7,535	9,265
Different than province or territory of residence	6,470	2,975	3,495
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,205	2,075	2,130
Americas	770	390	380
United States of America	295	140	155
Mexico	35	20	15
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	10	10	0
Jamaica	55	20	30
Brazil	260	145	120
Colombia	15	10	10
Peru	20	10	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Americas	60	25	45
Europe	735	390	345
Belgium	45	15	25
France	160	85	70
Germany	30	30	0
Netherlands	10	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	30	25	10
Russian Federation	55	25	30
Ukraine	100	55	50
Ireland⁹⁶	20	0	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	185	100	85
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	15	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	45	20	25
Africa	675	340	330
Nigeria	220	95	125
Algeria	40	15	25
Morocco	100	50	45
Tunisia	60	35	25
Egypt	45	25	20
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0
Other locations of study in Africa	185	105	85
Asia	1,935	915	1,020
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10
Iraq	10	10	0
Israel	30	15	15
Lebanon	10	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	10
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	265	115	150
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	220	115	100
Philippines	460	190	270
Viet Nam	140	50	90
Bangladesh	25	10	15
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	605	300	305
Pakistan	40	20	20
Other locations of study in Asia	60	35	30
Oceania	90	40	50
Australia	75	30	40
New Zealand	15	10	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	65,515	31,720	33,795
In the labour force	42,570	21,725	20,845
Employed	38,670	19,575	19,100
Unemployed	3,895	2,155	1,745
Not in the labour force	22,945	9,995	12,950
Participation rate	65.0	68.5	61.7
Employment rate	59.0	61.7	56.5
Unemployment rate	9.1	9.9	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	65,515	31,720	33,800
Did not work¹⁸⁶	23,195	10,170	13,025
Worked	42,320	21,545	20,775
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	22,735	12,150	10,580
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	19,590	9,395	10,190
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.6	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	42,565	21,725	20,845
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	835	420	415
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	41,730	21,300	20,430
Employee	37,950	19,070	18,880
Permanent position	31,650	15,955	15,690
Temporary position	6,305	3,115	3,190
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,965	950	1,020
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,340	2,165	2,175
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,780	2,230	1,545
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	42,565	21,725	20,845
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	835	420	415
All occupations¹⁹¹	41,730	21,300	20,430
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	410	305	105
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,265	2,660	4,610
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,955	2,250	705
3 Health occupations	3,815	710	3,105
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,740	1,635	3,100
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,140	580	560
6 Sales and service occupations	14,005	6,550	7,460
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,720	5,270	450
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	460	375	85
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,220	970	250
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	42,565	21,725	20,845
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	835	420	415
All industries¹⁹¹	41,730	21,300	20,430
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	370	255	120
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	260	170	90
22 Utilities	140	125	20
23 Construction	2,090	1,795	300
31-33 Manufacturing	2,155	1,650	510
41 Wholesale trade	1,175	875	305
44-45 Retail trade	5,700	2,855	2,845
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,510	1,870	635
51 Information and cultural industries	1,085	660	420
52 Finance and insurance	2,735	1,135	1,600
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	595	370	230
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,450	1,445	1,005
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	45	35
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,110	1,810	1,300
61 Educational services	2,845	1,060	1,785
62 Health care and social assistance	5,720	1,180	4,545
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	920	535	380
72 Accommodation and food services	3,240	1,345	1,900
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,605	740	865
91 Public administration	2,940	1,395	1,540
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	45,580	23,170	22,410
English	29,830	15,945	13,880
French	3,545	1,425	2,120
Non-official language	95	45	50
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	95	45	50
English and French	11,690	5,520	6,170
English and non-official language(s)	340	195	145
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	40	35
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	45,580	23,170	22,410
Single responses	43,005	21,980	21,025
Official languages	42,845	21,900	20,945
English	36,695	19,405	17,285
French	6,155	2,490	3,660
Non-official languages	160	75	80
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	160	75	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	15	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	15	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	15	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	15	25
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	40	25	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	10	15
Chinese languages	30	10	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,575	1,195	1,380
English and French	2,460	1,125	1,330
English and non-official language(s)	105	60	45
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	45,580	23,170	22,410
None	36,000	18,580	17,425
English	2,660	1,105	1,560
French	6,655	3,350	3,300
Non-official language	190	100	90
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	190	100	90
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	38,675	19,575	19,100
Worked at home	8,080	3,970	4,110
Worked outside Canada	115	100	15
No fixed workplace address	3,900	2,880	1,015
Usual place of work	26,585	12,615	13,965
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	26,580	12,615	13,965
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,410	9,435	10,985
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,650	2,360	2,290
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,250	635	615
Commute to a different province or territory	270	190	80
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	30,480	15,500	14,985
Car, truck or van	26,130	13,510	12,615
Car, truck or van - as a driver	22,750	12,320	10,435
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,380	1,195	2,180
Public transit	1,065	400	665
Walked	2,295	995	1,295
Bicycle	235	200	35
Other method	755	390	365
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	30,480	15,500	14,985
Less than 15 minutes	17,120	8,310	8,815
15 to 29 minutes	10,300	5,425	4,875
30 to 44 minutes	1,940	1,050	885
45 to 59 minutes	470	285	180
60 minutes and over	650	430	220
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	30,480	15,500	14,985
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,195	820	375
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,840	2,360	1,475
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,380	4,510	4,870
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,885	3,110	3,775
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,870	1,665	2,200
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,315	3,035	2,280
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	14,470	7,300	7,170
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,990	3,015	2,975
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,485	4,290	4,190
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,640	5,405	5,230
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,400	2,230	2,170
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,250	1,645	1,605
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,150	585	565
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,235	3,175	3,055

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 13, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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