Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saint-Paul, Parish (P)More information: New Brunswick [Census subdivision] Remove			New BrunswickMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	877	...	...	775,610	...	...
Population, 2016¹	842	...	...	747,101	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.2	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	383	...	...	366,146	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	369	...	...	337,651	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.8	...	...	10.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	228.41	...	...	71,248.50	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	875	460	420	775,610	381,455	394,155
0 to 14 years	125	60	65	111,130	56,885	54,240
0 to 4 years	30	20	15	32,280	16,625	15,655
5 to 9 years	40	25	20	38,240	19,505	18,740
10 to 14 years	50	20	35	40,605	20,755	19,845
15 to 64 years	510	270	240	487,320	242,215	245,105
15 to 19 years	40	25	20	39,090	20,105	18,985
20 to 24 years	25	15	10	42,125	21,995	20,130
25 to 29 years	40	20	25	42,380	21,670	20,715
30 to 34 years	40	25	20	43,485	21,670	21,820
35 to 39 years	40	20	20	45,925	22,470	23,455
40 to 44 years	45	20	25	47,320	23,095	24,225
45 to 49 years	70	35	30	50,140	24,470	25,670
50 to 54 years	55	30	25	52,140	25,695	26,450
55 to 59 years	60	35	25	62,315	30,525	31,795
60 to 64 years	80	40	35	62,395	30,525	31,870
65 years and over	245	125	115	177,160	82,355	94,810
65 to 69 years	105	50	50	57,190	27,580	29,605
70 to 74 years	65	35	30	48,855	23,725	25,135
75 to 79 years	40	25	15	31,675	15,090	16,580
80 to 84 years	20	5	10	20,400	9,085	11,310
85 years and over	15	10	5	19,040	6,870	12,170
85 to 89 years	5	5	5	11,815	4,700	7,120
90 to 94 years	5	0	5	5,370	1,720	3,645
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	1,600	405	1,200
100 years and over	0	0	0	250	40	205
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.3	13.0	15.5	14.3	14.9	13.8
15 to 64 years	58.3	58.7	57.1	62.8	63.5	62.2
65 years and over	28.0	27.2	27.4	22.8	21.6	24.1
85 years and over	1.7	2.2	1.2	2.5	1.8	3.1
Average age of the population	46.6	47.2	46.1	44.7	43.8	45.6
Median age of the population	50.0	50.8	48.8	46.8	45.6	47.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	370	...	...	337,655	...	...
Single-detached house	335	...	...	228,950	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	13,490	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	9,740	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	13,890	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10	...	...	51,985	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	4,260	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	1,140	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	15	...	...	14,195	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	365	...	...	337,650	...	...
1 person	85	...	...	100,545	...	...
2 persons	170	...	...	133,125	...	...
3 persons	55	...	...	49,350	...	...
4 persons	40	...	...	37,185	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	17,445	...	...
Number of persons in private households	875	460	420	759,195	373,710	385,485
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	750	400	355	664,480	324,565	339,910
Married or living common-law	495	255	245	385,800	192,730	193,070
Married	380	190	185	298,905	149,385	149,515
Living common-law	120	60	55	86,900	43,345	43,560
Living common law - Never married	85	40	45	62,670	31,200	31,470
Living common law - Separated	10	10	0	5,495	2,850	2,645
Living common law - Divorced	15	5	10	16,185	8,245	7,945
Living common law - Widowed	5	0	5	2,545	1,050	1,495
Not married and not living common-law	255	150	105	278,675	131,835	146,845
Not married and not living common law - Never married	155	95	55	174,335	95,460	78,880
Not married and not living common law - Separated	20	10	10	21,995	9,840	12,155
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	35	20	10	38,865	16,630	22,235
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	40	15	25	43,480	9,905	33,575
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	285	...	...	226,865	...	...
2 persons	190	...	...	134,025	...	...
3 persons	45	...	...	46,020	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	34,240	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...	12,575	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	285	...	...	226,860	...	...
Total couple families	250	...	...	189,695	...	...
Married couples	185	...	...	146,250	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	61,280	...	...
Without children	130	...	...	84,970	...	...
Common-law couples	60	...	...	43,445	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	18,140	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	25,300	...	...
Total one-parent families	40	...	...	37,170	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	28,480	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	15	...	...	8,690	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	875	460	420	759,195	373,710	385,490
Total - Persons in census families	735	375	365	610,540	302,230	308,315
Married spouses or common-law partners	495	250	245	379,385	189,395	189,985
Parents in one-parent families	35	15	20	37,170	8,690	28,475
Children⁶	210	115	95	193,990	104,140	89,850
In a two-parent family	145	75	75	138,825	73,900	64,925
In a one-parent family	60	40	25	55,160	30,245	24,920
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	135	85	50	148,655	71,475	77,170
Living alone	85	55	30	100,545	46,565	53,980
Living with other relatives⁷	25	15	15	16,425	7,025	9,395
Living with non-relatives only	30	15	10	31,685	17,885	13,795
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	370	...	...	337,650	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	240	...	...	205,710	...	...
Couple-family households	220	...	...	176,405	...	...
With children⁶	75	...	...	73,840	...	...
Without children	145	...	...	102,565	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	29,305	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	10	...	...	6,490	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	5	...	...	1,195	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	15	...	...	8,870	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	14,850	...	...
One-person households	85	...	...	100,545	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	750	395	350	648,350	316,975	331,375
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	715	380	340	628,005	307,210	320,790
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,000	29,800	37,600	42,000	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	715	380	340	628,280	307,375	320,905
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	33,600	27,800	34,000	37,200	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	570	315	255	541,600	272,640	268,965
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,600	28,800	24,400	31,600	36,400	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	465	260	210	434,895	225,240	209,655
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	30,800	29,800	33,200	37,200	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	610	315	295	508,885	234,115	274,770
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,600	14,800	12,100	12,600	13,100	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	165	100	70	114,900	61,060	53,845
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,600	10,600	6,500	6,500	7,450	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	150	75	80	153,130	73,935	79,195
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	7,500	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	755	400	350	648,245	316,950	331,300
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	715	380	330	627,765	307,105	320,660
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,100	43,800	33,800	45,920	52,000	40,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	715	380	330	628,075	307,270	320,805
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,400	30,000	38,800	43,080	34,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	565	315	250	541,625	272,660	268,960
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,600	28,400	41,360	47,720	34,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	470	260	210	434,825	225,570	209,255
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	33,600	30,000	41,600	46,680	36,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	630	330	300	508,295	233,540	274,750
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	15,100	16,300	13,800	12,670	12,700	12,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	225	140	85	114,050	60,535	53,515
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	11,200	7,200	8,390	9,120	7,570
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	165	75	85	152,405	73,240	79,165
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	10,400	8,800	8,410	8,270	8,530
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	755	400	350	648,250	316,950	331,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	215	120	95	204,825	109,705	95,120
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	43,200	48,800	40,400	54,800	59,600	49,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	48,000	51,000	44,000	63,100	69,100	56,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	210	120	95	177,830	87,790	90,045
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	12,500	12,500	10,400	17,000	19,400	14,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	20,400	19,200	24,320	28,080	20,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	66.0	68.0	63.0	77.6	81.4	73.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	53.6	52.0	56.0	62.7	65.8	58.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	34.0	32.4	36.5	22.3	18.6	27.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	7.9	9.6	5.6	3.3	3.5	3.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.0	6.1	8.2	5.4	4.5	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.7	5.2	6.6	4.5	3.8	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	750	400	350	648,345	316,970	331,370
Without total income	30	20	15	20,345	9,760	10,585
With total income	715	380	335	628,000	307,215	320,790
Under $10,000 (including loss)	55	25	35	48,225	20,170	28,055
$10,000 to $19,999	125	55	70	79,855	31,090	48,765
$20,000 to $29,999	140	70	65	111,820	48,675	63,140
$30,000 to $39,999	105	55	50	95,545	44,490	51,060
$40,000 to $49,999	115	60	55	84,895	40,935	43,955
$50,000 to $59,999	75	50	20	59,310	31,400	27,910
$60,000 to $69,999	40	25	20	42,020	24,575	17,445
$70,000 to $79,999	20	20	5	30,185	17,925	12,260
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	10	23,035	12,535	10,500
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	15,420	8,855	6,565
$100,000 and over	15	5	10	37,700	26,565	11,135
$100,000 to $149,999	15	5	5	26,865	18,500	8,365
$150,000 and over	5	0	0	10,835	8,065	2,770
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	750	400	350	648,345	316,970	331,370
Without after-tax income	30	20	15	20,070	9,600	10,470
With after-tax income	715	380	335	628,280	307,375	320,905
Under $10,000 (including loss)	55	25	35	50,965	20,910	30,055
$10,000 to $19,999	130	60	75	83,495	32,805	50,695
$20,000 to $29,999	155	80	75	132,935	59,075	73,860
$30,000 to $39,999	150	75	70	116,515	56,020	60,490
$40,000 to $49,999	120	75	40	89,015	45,975	43,045
$50,000 to $59,999	50	35	20	58,020	32,860	25,155
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	37,400	21,060	16,340
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	23,365	13,235	10,130
$80,000 to $89,999	5	0	0	12,930	8,415	4,520
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	7,320	5,140	2,180
$100,000 and over	5	0	0	16,315	11,875	4,440
$100,000 to $124,999	5	0	0	8,690	6,220	2,465
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	7,630	5,650	1,980
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	750	400	350	648,345	316,970	331,370
Without employment income	280	140	145	213,450	91,735	121,715
With employment income	470	260	210	434,895	225,235	209,660
Under $5,000 (including loss)	55	25	25	55,130	27,035	28,095
$5,000 to $9,999	50	20	30	37,010	16,165	20,845
$10,000 to $19,999	65	45	20	59,420	28,400	31,020
$20,000 to $29,999	65	35	30	49,160	23,950	25,210
$30,000 to $39,999	70	35	35	50,625	23,350	27,275
$40,000 to $49,999	55	25	30	44,755	22,495	22,265
$50,000 to $59,999	45	30	10	34,315	19,330	14,990
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	27,255	16,295	10,965
$70,000 to $79,999	15	15	0	20,855	12,350	8,500
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	10	17,455	9,015	8,440
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	11,455	6,715	4,735
$100,000 and over	10	0	5	27,460	20,135	7,320
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	14,185	9,935	4,245
$125,000 and over	5	0	0	13,275	10,205	3,075
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	750	395	350	648,350	316,975	331,375
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	710	380	330	617,780	301,880	315,905
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	36,400	26,400	35,600	40,800	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	710	380	330	618,365	301,920	316,445
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	32,800	24,800	32,000	36,400	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	565	310	260	538,870	270,930	267,940
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	31,800	25,400	32,000	37,600	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	480	265	215	438,770	226,970	211,800
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	32,800	29,600	33,600	38,400	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	555	285	270	458,620	205,210	253,410
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,600	13,200	10,200	9,300	9,800	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	160	100	60	104,360	56,460	47,905
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	10,900	6,600	7,250	8,400	6,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	755	400	350	648,245	316,950	331,300
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	700	375	325	617,495	301,875	315,615
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,200	45,400	29,900	44,040	50,800	37,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	700	375	325	618,000	301,910	316,085
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,000	38,400	26,900	37,040	41,840	32,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	570	310	255	539,115	270,805	268,305
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	41,200	26,200	41,760	48,640	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	480	265	220	438,400	227,000	211,400
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	39,600	27,800	42,120	47,680	36,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	570	290	280	457,915	204,780	253,135
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,360	14,100	10,500	10,200	10,520	9,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	185	125	65	103,705	56,170	47,540
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,100	11,800	6,800	8,670	9,360	7,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	755	400	350	648,250	316,950	331,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	215	120	95	203,685	109,100	94,580
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	40,800	46,400	32,800	51,600	56,800	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	45,600	51,000	38,500	59,900	65,900	52,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	215	120	100	167,945	83,100	84,845
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	26,600	19,800	21,400	24,400	18,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	33,000	20,000	29,560	34,600	24,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	73.5	76.0	70.0	82.8	86.0	78.8
Employment income (%)	62.0	62.0	62.0	68.0	70.6	64.6
Government transfers (%)	26.4	24.4	30.4	17.2	14.0	21.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	7.0	8.4	4.4	3.3	3.4	3.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	365	...	...	337,650	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	62,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	85	...	...	100,545	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	35,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,600	...	...	32,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	285	...	...	237,105	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	370	...	...	337,650	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...	85,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,600	...	...	72,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	85	...	...	100,470	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,000	...	...	43,160	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,000	...	...	36,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	285	...	...	237,185	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	103,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	87,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	370	...	...	337,650	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	2,555	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	3,550	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	5,005	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	5,205	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	20,140	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	13,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25	...	...	15,205	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	16,985	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	16,465	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	15,135	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	45	...	...	28,720	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	40	...	...	26,860	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	35	...	...	24,810	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	22,570	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25	...	...	19,340	...	...
$100,000 and over	85	...	...	102,075	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	40	...	...	36,570	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	24,235	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10	...	...	25,140	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	16,125	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	370	...	...	337,650	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	2,795	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	3,625	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	5,080	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	5,550	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	21,560	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	16,020	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	18,125	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	30	...	...	19,505	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	30	...	...	18,680	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	17,375	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	45	...	...	34,180	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	40	...	...	31,255	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	45	...	...	28,050	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	23,535	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	19,325	...	...
$100,000 and over	55	...	...	72,995	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	33,440	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	18,770	...	...
$150,000 and over	5	...	...	20,785	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	275	...	...	226,015	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	145	...	...	103,880	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	69,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	85	...	...	80,675	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	34,515	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	54,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	110	70	40	132,230	64,450	67,775
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	37,600	33,600	34,000	36,400	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	32,400	31,400	31,000	32,400	29,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	270	...	...	225,820	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	103,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	87,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	130	...	...	103,530	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	91,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	77,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	90	...	...	80,950	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	134,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	111,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	34,265	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	67,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	60,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	115	75	45	132,200	64,270	67,930
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,500	39,000	36,000	41,080	43,440	38,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,500	33,000	32,000	35,360	36,800	34,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	875	455	415	759,195	373,705	385,485
0 to 17 years	160	75	80	134,200	68,730	65,465
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	39,385	20,250	19,135
18 to 64 years	475	255	225	458,335	226,275	232,065
65 years and over	240	125	115	166,660	78,700	87,955
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	145	80	65	107,975	49,435	58,545
0 to 17 years	25	15	10	21,345	11,025	10,320
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	7,075	3,615	3,455
18 to 64 years	55	30	25	50,945	23,870	27,070
65 years and over	60	35	25	35,690	14,540	21,150
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.4	17.0	15.2	14.2	13.2	15.2
0 to 17 years (%)	16.0	20.0	12.0	15.9	16.0	15.8
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	18.0	17.9	18.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.8	11.0	11.0	11.1	10.6	11.7
65 years and over (%)	27.0	28.0	26.0	21.4	18.5	24.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	875	460	420	750,265	369,270	380,995
0 to 17 years	155	75	80	131,660	67,385	64,280
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	38,625	19,835	18,790
18 to 64 years	475	255	220	452,815	223,560	229,255
65 years and over	245	130	110	165,795	78,335	87,465
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	30	20	10	28,545	14,420	14,120
0 to 17 years	5	0	5	4,940	2,540	2,400
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	1,475	750	725
18 to 64 years	20	15	5	21,470	11,035	10,435
65 years and over	0	0	0	2,135	850	1,285
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2	3.6	2.8	3.8	3.9	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	3.8	3.8	3.7
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	3.8	3.8	3.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	6.0	2.5	4.7	4.9	4.6
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	1.3	1.1	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	875	460	420	759,195	373,710	385,485
In bottom half of the distribution	645	340	305	459,505	222,055	237,450
In bottom decile	120	65	55	92,405	43,155	49,245
In second decile	135	70	60	100,770	47,335	53,440
In third decile	150	80	75	94,620	45,965	48,650
In fourth decile	155	85	75	88,080	43,670	44,410
In fifth decile	90	50	40	83,630	41,930	41,705
In top half of the distribution	225	120	105	299,685	151,655	148,035
In sixth decile	100	45	50	76,590	38,735	37,860
In seventh decile	55	25	25	71,410	35,940	35,465
In eighth decile	40	25	20	63,110	31,815	31,295
In ninth decile	25	10	10	51,515	26,155	25,360
In top decile	10	10	5	37,055	19,005	18,050
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	875	...	...	759,195	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.264	...	...	0.311	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.448	...	...	0.448	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.232	...	...	0.272	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.8	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	880	460	420	764,630	376,260	388,370
English only	300	160	145	442,430	223,035	219,395
French only	40	20	20	60,175	28,960	31,215
English and French	535	280	255	260,120	123,360	136,765
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	1,900	905	1,000
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	880	460	420	764,630	376,260	388,370
English	410	210	205	528,550	260,745	267,805
French	455	245	210	229,330	112,260	117,065
English and French	10	5	5	5,040	2,475	2,565
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	1,710	785	930
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	880	460	420	764,630	376,260	388,370
Single responses	825	430	395	745,685	367,100	378,580
Official languages	820	430	390	712,570	350,360	362,205
English	380	190	190	487,010	239,995	247,010
French	440	240	200	225,560	110,365	115,195
Non-official languages	10	5	5	33,115	16,740	16,375
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	1,715	800	915
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,685	790	895
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	10	15	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,670	770	895
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	1,435	655	780
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	230	115	115
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous languages	10	5	5	31,400	15,935	15,460
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	4,860	2,630	2,225
Berber languages	0	0	0	75	50	25
Kabyle	0	0	0	65	40	25
Tamazight	0	0	0	10	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Chadic languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Hausa	0	0	0	10	5	0
Mina	0	0	0	10	5	5
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	115	60	60
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	105	55	60
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	4,645	2,510	2,125
Amharic	0	0	0	40	25	20
Arabic	0	0	0	4,345	2,340	2,005
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	185	105	80
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	45	35	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	965	460	500
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Vietnamese	0	0	0	940	450	490
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5	3,180	1,320	1,860
Bikol	0	0	0	5	0	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	30	45
Cebuano	0	0	0	225	100	120
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	30	10	25
Ilocano	0	0	0	75	35	45
Indonesian	0	0	0	60	15	40
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	45	20	25
Merina	0	0	0	25	10	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Malay	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	5	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5	2,590	1,085	1,505
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20
Creole languages	0	0	0	190	90	95
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	95	45	50
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	5
Krio	0	0	0	10	5	5
Morisyen	0	0	0	30	15	15
Sango	0	0	0	5	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	825	475	355
Kannada	0	0	0	55	25	25
Malayalam	0	0	0	275	165	115
Tamil	0	0	0	225	125	100
Telugu	0	0	0	270	165	105
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5	0	0	14,990	7,825	7,160
Albanian	0	0	0	60	30	35
Armenian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	2,830	1,405	1,425
Baltic languages	0	0	0	70	30	40
Latvian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Slavic languages	0	0	0	2,760	1,370	1,385
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	20
Czech	0	0	0	75	40	35
Macedonian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Polish	0	0	0	295	140	160
Russian	0	0	0	1,520	750	770
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	300	160	140
Bosnian	0	0	0	60	35	25
Croatian	0	0	0	90	40	45
Serbian	0	0	0	145	85	60
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Slovak	0	0	0	45	25	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	5	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	455	230	225
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
Irish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	2,805	1,390	1,415
Frisian	0	0	0	25	15	5
High German languages	0	0	0	1,610	765	845
German	0	0	0	1,505	720	790
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	55	30	25
Swiss German	0	0	0	50	20	25
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	980	515	465
Afrikaans	0	0	0	120	60	60
Dutch	0	0	0	820	440	385
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	15	10	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	175	80	95
Danish	0	0	0	90	35	55
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	35	25	15
Swedish	0	0	0	50	20	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Greek	0	0	0	140	90	50
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	4,855	2,765	2,090
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	4,030	2,325	1,705
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	410	225	185
Gujarati	0	0	0	455	315	140
Hindi	0	0	0	695	405	285
Kacchi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Marathi	0	0	0	95	45	45
Nepali	0	0	0	120	55	60
Oriya languages	0	0	0	10	10	5
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,765	1,005	755
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	55	30	25
Urdu	0	0	0	385	210	175
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iranian languages	0	0	0	820	440	380
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	130	65	65
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	30	15	15
Persian languages	0	0	0	655	355	300
Dari	0	0	0	35	10	20
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	575	315	260
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	30	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	4,240	2,115	2,120
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	400	220	180
Portuguese	0	0	0	1,125	555	565
Romanian	0	0	0	495	250	250
Spanish	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,130
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Japanese	0	0	0	120	30	90
Korean	0	0	0	1,460	715	740
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	1,145	595	545
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	65	40	30
Edo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Éwé	0	0	0	20	10	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	55	30	25
Ga	0	0	0	0	5	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	5	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	50	30	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	105	50	50
Lingala	0	0	0	40	20	20
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	10	0	5
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	90	40	50
Shona	0	0	0	30	15	20
Soninke	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	270	140	130
Wojenaka	0	0	0	15	5	10
Wolof	0	0	0	45	20	25
Yoruba	0	0	0	145	75	65
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	75	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	15
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	145	70	75
American Sign Language	0	0	0	120	55	65
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	15	10	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,005	1,475	1,525
Chinese languages	0	0	0	2,950	1,450	1,500
Hakka	0	0	0	10	10	5
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,340	1,140	1,200
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	45	20	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	35	15	20
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	470	245	225
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Burmese	0	0	0	15	5	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	15	10	10
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	80	15	70
Lao	0	0	0	5	5	5
Thai	0	0	0	80	5	70
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	145	95	55
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	5	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5
Turkish	0	0	0	95	65	35
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	5	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	255	120	130
Estonian	0	0	0	15	15	5
Finnish	0	0	0	40	20	20
Hungarian	0	0	0	195	90	100
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Multiple responses	50	25	25	18,945	9,155	9,790
English and French	50	25	20	12,815	6,065	6,750
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	4,695	2,370	2,320
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	655	330	335
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	345	195	145
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	440	200	235
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	880	460	420	764,630	376,260	388,370
English	410	210	200	500,190	246,800	253,390
French	355	185	170	183,630	90,460	93,170
Non-official language	0	0	0	9,490	4,825	4,665
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	285	125	155
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	9,210	4,695	4,510
English and French	105	60	45	44,360	20,645	23,710
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	5	21,925	11,065	10,860
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,350	650	705
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,940	1,455	1,485
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	750	360	385
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	880	460	420	764,630	376,260	388,370
Single responses	845	440	405	748,940	368,675	380,265
Official languages	845	440	405	729,675	358,870	370,800
English	450	235	215	528,115	259,865	268,250
French	395	205	185	201,560	99,005	102,555
Non-official languages	5	5	0	19,265	9,800	9,465
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	500	225	275
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	495	220	275
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	490	215	275
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	440	190	250
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5	5	0	18,765	9,575	9,190
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	3,320	1,715	1,600
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	5	0	5
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	75	30	40
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	60	25	30
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	3,215	1,670	1,545
Amharic	0	0	0	30	15	10
Arabic	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,480
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	85	45	45
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	30	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	685	340	345
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	685	340	345
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	1,725	790	940
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Cebuano	0	0	0	125	65	65
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ilocano	0	0	0	20	10	10
Indonesian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Merina	0	0	0	10	0	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	1,510	690	820
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	95	35	60
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	60	25	30
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	5	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	560	330	230
Kannada	0	0	0	20	10	5
Malayalam	0	0	0	180	105	70
Tamil	0	0	0	180	95	80
Telugu	0	0	0	185	120	65
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	8,125	4,260	3,865
Albanian	0	0	0	30	15	20
Armenian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,780	915	870
Baltic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,760	900	855
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Czech	0	0	0	30	15	15
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Polish	0	0	0	90	45	45
Russian	0	0	0	1,135	580	550
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	150	75	75
Bosnian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Croatian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Serbian	0	0	0	100	55	40
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	25	15	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	315	165	150
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	690	340	350
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	420	205	215
German	0	0	0	355	170	185
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	55	30	20
Swiss German	0	0	0	15	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	240	115	125
Afrikaans	0	0	0	75	40	40
Dutch	0	0	0	160	75	85
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	5	5
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Danish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	5	10	0
Swedish	0	0	0	5	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Greek	0	0	0	25	10	20
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	3,170	1,750	1,415
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	2,625	1,480	1,145
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	225	120	105
Gujarati	0	0	0	250	165	90
Hindi	0	0	0	430	250	180
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	15	10	10
Marathi	0	0	0	25	15	20
Nepali	0	0	0	75	35	35
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,335	755	585
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	20	10	5
Urdu	0	0	0	235	125	105
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	545	270	275
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	110	50	60
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	10	15
Persian languages	0	0	0	410	210	200
Dari	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	360	190	170
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	2,405	1,215	1,190
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	85	40	45
Portuguese	0	0	0	800	395	400
Romanian	0	0	0	285	150	140
Spanish	0	0	0	1,230	625	610
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	30	15	20
Korean	0	0	0	1,195	590	600
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	515	240	275
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	35	15	15
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	25	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	65	35	35
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	10
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	50	25	25
Shona	0	0	0	15	10	5
Soninke	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	165	70	90
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	30	15	20
Yoruba	0	0	0	30	15	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Dinka	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	275	160	110
American Sign Language	0	0	0	205	115	90
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	40	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	2,100	1,035	1,065
Chinese languages	0	0	0	2,070	1,020	1,045
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,755	865	890
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	250	130	120
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	30	10	15
Burmese	0	0	0	10	0	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	10	5	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	10	15
Lao	0	0	0	5	5	5
Thai	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	50	25	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	30	20	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	5	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Uralic languages	0	0	0	55	20	35
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hungarian	0	0	0	50	20	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	15	15	15,690	7,585	8,105
English and French	25	15	15	9,245	4,315	4,925
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5,485	2,785	2,695
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	480	240	240
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	365	195	170
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	120	50	75
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	880	460	415	764,630	376,260	388,370
None	800	415	385	707,420	348,845	358,570
English	40	25	15	24,035	11,685	12,355
French	35	25	15	19,060	8,690	10,370
Non-official language	0	0	0	9,810	4,830	4,975
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	1,065	520	540
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,745	4,310	4,435
English and French	0	0	0	535	270	265
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,560	815	740
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	965	460	505
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	85	30	50
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,175	630	545
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	875	460	420	759,195	373,580	385,615
Official languages	875	460	420	757,425	372,745	384,680
English	835	440	395	698,025	344,305	353,720
French	570	295	275	317,825	151,335	166,490
Non-official languages	10	0	10	52,190	26,005	26,185
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	3,575	1,740	1,830
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	3,410	1,695	1,720
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	50	35	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	35	20	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	3,345	1,650	1,695
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	2,605	1,275	1,325
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	765	395	375
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	0	15
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	0	15
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	115	35	80
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	115	35	80
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	65	30	35
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	10	48,670	24,290	24,375
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	7,130	3,910	3,220
Berber languages	0	0	0	115	75	40
Kabyle	0	0	0	80	50	30
Tamazight	0	0	0	30	25	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	105	65	40
Hausa	0	0	0	65	40	25
Mina	0	0	0	40	25	15
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	195	95	100
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	35	15	20
Somali	0	0	0	125	65	65
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	6,825	3,750	3,075
Amharic	0	0	0	95	45	50
Arabic	0	0	0	6,090	3,350	2,740
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	620	340	280
Maltese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	50	30	20
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,160	630	530
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	35	25	10
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,125	610	520
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	4,740	2,010	2,735
Bikol	0	0	0	30	0	25
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	40
Cebuano	0	0	0	440	185	255
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	95	40	50
Ilocano	0	0	0	160	65	95
Indonesian	0	0	0	155	50	105
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	110	70	40
Merina	0	0	0	70	50	20
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Malay	0	0	0	75	45	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	55	15	40
Pangasinan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	4,225	1,765	2,465
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	20	10	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	60	90
Creole languages	0	0	0	785	365	420
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	365	165	200
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	70	35	30
Krio	0	0	0	55	30	25
Morisyen	0	0	0	105	50	50
Sango	0	0	0	15	10	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	40	55
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	55	50
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	1,460	845	615
Kannada	0	0	0	180	100	80
Malayalam	0	0	0	460	275	185
Tamil	0	0	0	725	400	325
Telugu	0	0	0	415	245	170
Tulu	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	25,220	12,650	12,570
Albanian	0	0	0	75	35	45
Armenian	0	0	0	100	70	35
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	3,625	1,840	1,790
Baltic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	80	35	45
Slavic languages	0	0	0	3,590	1,820	1,770
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Czech	0	0	0	210	115	95
Macedonian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Polish	0	0	0	435	215	220
Russian	0	0	0	2,225	1,135	1,090
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	410	215	195
Bosnian	0	0	0	100	45	50
Croatian	0	0	0	180	85	95
Serbian	0	0	0	220	115	105
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	20
Slovak	0	0	0	115	60	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,015	505	510
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	120	45	70
Irish	0	0	0	35	20	20
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	65	20	40
Welsh	0	0	0	20	0	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	4,825	2,375	2,450
Frisian	0	0	0	45	25	20
High German languages	0	0	0	3,340	1,670	1,670
German	0	0	0	3,250	1,625	1,620
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	65	30	30
Swiss German	0	0	0	25	10	15
Yiddish	0	0	0	15	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,330	670	660
Afrikaans	0	0	0	195	95	100
Dutch	0	0	0	1,070	545	525
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	35	15	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	40	20	20
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	390	150	245
Danish	0	0	0	175	60	115
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	35	80
Swedish	0	0	0	155	70	85
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	0	20
Greek	0	0	0	330	210	115
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	7,050	4,010	3,040
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	6,275	3,580	2,695
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	505	275	230
Gujarati	0	0	0	765	525	240
Hindi	0	0	0	3,745	2,125	1,615
Kacchi	0	0	0	30	10	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	60	30	25
Marathi	0	0	0	185	95	90
Nepali	0	0	0	230	100	130
Oriya languages	0	0	0	15	15	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	2,475	1,385	1,090
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	50	25	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	150	95	55
Urdu	0	0	0	985	545	440
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	20
Iranian languages	0	0	0	820	460	360
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	55	25	35
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	35	30	10
Persian languages	0	0	0	730	410	315
Dari	0	0	0	40	20	25
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	620	355	265
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	45	25
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	10,140	4,585	5,555
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,305	680	630
Portuguese	0	0	0	1,450	750	700
Romanian	0	0	0	555	245	305
Spanish	0	0	0	7,580	3,295	4,285
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	485	260	230
Korean	0	0	0	1,665	835	830
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	3,325	1,745	1,575
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	50	40	15
Bamanankan	0	0	0	225	130	95
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10
Éwé	0	0	0	65	40	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	200	115	80
Ga	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ganda	0	0	0	35	15	25
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	240	120	125
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	220	125	95
Lingala	0	0	0	480	235	240
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	45	30	15
Mòoré	0	0	0	50	20	30
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	20	10	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	190	100	90
Shona	0	0	0	80	50	30
Soninke	0	0	0	25	20	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	855	415	440
Wojenaka	0	0	0	95	65	30
Wolof	0	0	0	145	85	60
Yoruba	0	0	0	705	355	355
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	545	270	270
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	85	30	55
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	30	55
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30
Sign languages	0	0	0	990	355	635
American Sign Language	0	0	0	855	290	560
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	65	80
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,695	1,860	1,830
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,625	1,840	1,785
Hakka	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	3,180	1,605	1,575
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	45	25	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	90	55	35
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	585	290	295
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	35	35
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	65	20	45
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	50	20	35
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	30	0	20
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	100	20	80
Lao	0	0	0	15	0	10
Thai	0	0	0	95	20	80
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	310	185	125
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	25	10	10
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	275	170	110
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	380	155	225
Estonian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Finnish	0	0	0	115	30	85
Hungarian	0	0	0	240	115	135
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	875	455	420	759,195	373,575	385,615
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	33,295	16,345	16,955
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	31,810	15,610	16,200
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	20,960	10,205	10,755
Métis	0	0	0	10,170	5,075	5,090
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	330	350
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	485	230	255
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	995	500	500
Non-Indigenous identity	870	455	415	725,900	357,235	368,660
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	875	455	420	759,195	373,575	385,615
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	15,285	7,565	7,720
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	875	455	420	743,910	366,010	377,900
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	370	...	...	337,650	...	...
Owner	320	...	...	246,455	...	...
Renter	50	...	...	88,455	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	2,745	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	370	...	...	337,650	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	13,175	...	...
Not condominium	370	...	...	324,480	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	370	...	...	337,650	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	1,155	...	...
1 bedroom	35	...	...	32,570	...	...
2 bedrooms	125	...	...	97,215	...	...
3 bedrooms	135	...	...	128,185	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	70	...	...	78,525	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	370	...	...	337,650	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	75	...	...	77,525	...	...
5 rooms	80	...	...	60,295	...	...
6 rooms	80	...	...	56,105	...	...
7 rooms	55	...	...	45,110	...	...
8 or more rooms	85	...	...	98,615	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	370	...	...	337,650	...	...
One person or fewer per room	370	...	...	335,255	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	2,400	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	370	...	...	337,650	...	...
Suitable	365	...	...	328,595	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	9,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	370	...	...	337,650	...	...
1960 or before	105	...	...	74,095	...	...
1961 to 1980	150	...	...	101,070	...	...
1981 to 1990	35	...	...	47,310	...	...
1991 to 2000	30	...	...	42,140	...	...
2001 to 2005	15	...	...	18,995	...	...
2006 to 2010	10	...	...	21,755	...	...
2011 to 2015	15	...	...	17,470	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	15	...	...	14,820	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	370	...	...	337,650	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	325	...	...	311,405	...	...
Major repairs needed	50	...	...	26,245	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	370	...	...	337,650	...	...
One-maintainer household	185	...	...	179,355	...	...
Two-maintainer household	170	...	...	149,280	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	9,020	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	370	...	...	337,650	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	10,740	...	...
25 to 34 years	35	...	...	40,195	...	...
35 to 44 years	60	...	...	50,205	...	...
45 to 54 years	65	...	...	56,585	...	...
55 to 64 years	75	...	...	71,225	...	...
65 to 74 years	85	...	...	64,275	...	...
75 to 84 years	40	...	...	33,670	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	10,755	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	365	...	...	332,185	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	350	...	...	289,265	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	0	...	...	42,920	...	...
30% to less than 100%	0	...	...	39,425	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	370	...	...	337,650	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	72,620	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	15	...	...	38,410	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	7,360	...	...
Major repairs needed only	50	...	...	21,335	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	605	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	3,815	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,000	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	85	...	...
Acceptable housing	305	...	...	265,035	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	365	...	...	328,690	...	...
In core need	15	...	...	20,245	...	...
Not in core need	345	...	...	308,450	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	315	...	...	245,105	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	42.9	...	...	54.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	7.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	444	...	...	770	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	628	...	...	935	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	130,000	...	...	180,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	145,000	...	...	207,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	45	...	...	88,190	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	13.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	28.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	13.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...	830	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	740	...	...	870	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	2,745	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	1.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	112	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	880	460	415	759,195	373,580	385,615
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	19,065	9,425	9,640
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	18,870	9,325	9,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	15,490	7,650	7,835
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	3,040	1,530	1,515
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	340	140	195
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	200	105	95
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	150	75	75
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	35	25	10
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	35	15	15	28,105	13,485	14,620
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	35	15	15	27,515	13,210	14,300
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	21,290	10,215	11,070
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	5,790	2,755	3,035
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	440	240	200
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	595	275	315
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	395	200	200
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	140	65	75
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	45	15	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	840	440	400	712,025	350,665	361,355
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	880	460	420	759,195	373,580	385,615
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	880	460	420	726,255	356,640	369,615
Canadian citizens aged under 18	160	80	85	127,475	65,130	62,345
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	715	380	335	598,780	291,515	307,265
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	0	0	0	32,945	16,935	16,005
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	880	460	420	759,195	373,580	385,615
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	865	450	410	704,215	346,090	358,125
Immigrants⁸¹	15	10	0	44,120	21,485	22,635
Before 1980	0	0	0	10,030	4,655	5,375
1980 to 1990	10	0	0	2,750	1,310	1,440
1991 to 2000	0	0	0	2,955	1,340	1,615
2001 to 2010	10	0	0	6,605	3,220	3,385
2011 to 2021⁸²	0	0	0	21,785	10,965	10,820
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	5,745	2,745	2,995
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	16,040	8,220	7,825
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	10,860	6,000	4,855
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	15	10	10	44,125	21,485	22,635
Under 5 years	0	0	0	5,660	2,855	2,810
5 to 14 years	0	0	0	9,190	4,520	4,675
15 to 24 years	10	0	10	6,485	2,900	3,580
25 to 44 years	0	0	0	19,090	9,125	9,965
45 years and over	0	0	0	3,705	2,090	1,610
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	15	10	10	44,125	21,485	22,635
Americas	0	0	0	9,535	4,230	5,300
Brazil	0	0	0	240	115	125
Colombia	0	0	0	250	110	135
El Salvador	0	0	0	70	30	35
Guyana	0	0	0	110	40	70
Haiti	0	0	0	260	110	150
Jamaica	0	0	0	395	150	245
Mexico	0	0	0	345	140	205
Peru	0	0	0	85	30	55
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	155	80	75
United States of America	0	0	0	6,475	2,855	3,625
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	1,150	570	580
Europe	0	0	0	12,295	6,060	6,230
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	95	45	50
Croatia	0	0	0	75	45	35
France	0	0	0	1,070	530	540
Germany	0	0	0	1,400	610	790
Greece	0	0	0	70	40	25
Hungary	0	0	0	115	55	60
Italy	0	0	0	305	170	135
Netherlands	0	0	0	740	410	325
Poland	0	0	0	215	100	110
Portugal	0	0	0	140	105	35
Romania	0	0	0	440	200	235
Russian Federation	0	0	0	465	215	245
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	120	70	50
Ukraine	0	0	0	710	340	370
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	4,910	2,450	2,460
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	1,425	670	750
Africa	10	0	0	5,600	2,985	2,615
Algeria	0	0	0	230	120	110
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	615	275	345
Egypt	0	0	0	610	355	255
Eritrea	0	0	0	65	45	25
Ethiopia	0	0	0	75	30	45
Morocco	0	0	0	460	265	195
Nigeria	0	0	0	975	510	470
Somalia	0	0	0	70	40	35
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	300	145	160
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	2,190	1,205	985
Asia	0	0	0	16,375	8,050	8,325
Afghanistan	0	0	0	30	10	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	520	295	225
Iraq	0	0	0	150	85	65
Lebanon	0	0	0	500	275	230
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	1,890	1,015	870
Turkey	0	0	0	135	85	50
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	2,125	1,025	1,105
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	155	100	50
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,180	575	605
Taiwan	0	0	0	50	10	40
Philippines	0	0	0	3,780	1,575	2,210
Viet Nam	0	0	0	710	370	345
Bangladesh	0	0	0	310	170	140
India	0	0	0	2,265	1,250	1,020
Pakistan	0	0	0	520	270	250
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	145	90	60
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,900	855	1,050
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	325	165	165
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	16,040	8,220	7,825
Americas	0	0	0	1,640	790	850
Brazil	0	0	0	160	80	75
Colombia	0	0	0	30	25	10
Haiti	0	0	0	75	35	40
Jamaica	0	0	0	205	85	120
Mexico	0	0	0	200	80	120
United States of America	0	0	0	610	320	285
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	70	30	35
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	295	135	155
Europe	0	0	0	1,955	1,015	935
France	0	0	0	390	195	200
Germany	0	0	0	65	30	30
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	40	25	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0	190	90	95
Ukraine	0	0	0	475	250	225
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	255	160	95
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	535	260	270
Africa	0	0	0	3,500	1,850	1,650
Algeria	0	0	0	145	60	80
Burundi	0	0	0	95	55	35
Cameroon	0	0	0	130	65	60
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	365	150	220
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	85	40	45
Egypt	0	0	0	440	250	190
Eritrea	0	0	0	35	20	10
Ethiopia	0	0	0	25	15	10
Morocco	0	0	0	275	155	120
Nigeria	0	0	0	905	465	440
Somalia	0	0	0	50	20	25
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	100	40	60
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	155	90	70
Tunisia	0	0	0	110	70	40
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	595	350	245
Asia	0	0	0	8,880	4,545	4,335
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	195	95	95
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	970	505	470
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	1,370	805	560
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	165	90	75
Iraq	0	0	0	55	30	20
Israel	0	0	0	185	100	85
Japan	0	0	0	20	0	15
Jordan	0	0	0	140	80	60
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	255	135	120
Lebanon	0	0	0	130	65	60
Nepal	0	0	0	115	50	65
Pakistan	0	0	0	225	110	110
Philippines	0	0	0	2,330	1,080	1,250
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	110	50	60
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	60	35	25
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	1,705	910	795
Turkey	0	0	0	60	30	30
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	245	105	140
Viet Nam	0	0	0	315	160	155
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	240	100	140
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	65	20	50
Australia	0	0	0	60	10	50
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	875	460	420	759,195	373,580	385,615
First generation¹⁰⁰	15	0	10	61,085	30,330	30,760
Second generation¹⁰¹	20	20	0	45,550	22,465	23,085
Third generation or more¹⁰²	845	435	405	652,555	320,785	331,765
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	15	10	10	34,090	16,835	17,255
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	0	0	0	22,310	11,390	10,920
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	0	0	0	8,870	5,785	3,085
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	0	0	0	13,440	5,610	7,835
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10	0	0	6,985	2,875	4,115
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	4,595	2,450	2,140
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	200	120	80
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	15	10	10	34,090	16,835	17,255
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	430	275	150
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	5,515	2,815	2,700
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	1,450	695	750
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	2,390	1,385	1,005
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	315	115	200
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	15	10	10	23,995	11,555	12,440
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	875	460	420	759,195	373,575	385,615
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	0	0	0	44,205	22,390	21,815
South Asian	0	0	0	8,630	4,800	3,830
Chinese	0	0	0	4,085	1,970	2,120
Black	0	0	0	12,155	6,025	6,130
Filipino	0	0	0	5,190	2,275	2,915
Arab	0	0	0	5,060	2,745	2,310
Latin American	0	0	0	2,450	1,130	1,325
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	1,890	965	925
West Asian	0	0	0	915	515	400
Korean	0	0	0	1,655	865	790
Japanese	0	0	0	250	90	165
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	550	295	255
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	1,375	725	655
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	870	455	415	714,990	351,185	363,800
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	880	460	420	759,195	373,580	385,615
Canadian	300	160	145	174,910	85,815	89,095
English	145	65	80	137,145	66,235	70,915
Irish	70	20	50	155,915	73,665	82,250
Scottish	75	40	35	134,350	65,315	69,035
French, n.o.s.¹²²	190	105	85	118,205	57,185	61,020
German	60	30	25	33,200	16,080	17,120
Chinese	0	0	0	4,600	2,285	2,325
Italian	20	10	10	8,255	4,115	4,135
Indian (India)	0	0	0	5,655	3,075	2,580
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,600	2,195	2,400
Dutch	10	0	0	13,310	6,485	6,825
Polish	20	0	15	3,815	1,945	1,865
Québécois	0	0	0	5,415	2,730	2,685
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	20	15	10	16,630	8,270	8,355
Filipino	0	0	0	4,960	2,190	2,770
French Canadian	75	50	20	18,650	9,070	9,575
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	70	35	40	40,845	19,950	20,900
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	13,550	6,430	7,120
Métis	0	0	0	9,445	4,575	4,870
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	11,565	5,650	5,910
Russian	0	0	0	2,600	1,270	1,325
Norwegian	0	0	0	3,640	1,720	1,920
Welsh	0	0	0	11,500	5,395	6,100
Portuguese	0	0	0	2,095	1,000	1,090
American	10	10	0	7,185	3,510	3,680
Spanish	0	0	0	3,060	1,435	1,625
Swedish	0	0	0	2,710	1,300	1,415
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,370	720	655
Acadian	180	85	90	108,375	52,655	55,720
Pakistani	0	0	0	835	435	405
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	3,255	1,535	1,725
Jewish	0	0	0	1,685	820	865
Punjabi	0	0	0	575	350	225
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,295	670	620
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	1,955	1,085	865
Greek	0	0	0	1,260	700	565
Jamaican	0	0	0	835	405	430
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	1,150	550	600
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	720	300	420
Korean	0	0	0	1,480	775	705
Romanian	0	0	0	1,025	485	535
Lebanese	0	0	0	3,440	1,700	1,740
Iranian	0	0	0	630	320	305
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	3,025	1,510	1,515
Danish	0	0	0	4,170	2,185	1,985
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	5,675	2,820	2,855
Sikh	0	0	0	475	295	180
Austrian	0	0	0	945	500	445
Belgian	0	0	0	1,500	755	745
Haitian	0	0	0	465	210	250
Hindu	0	0	0	570	365	205
Mexican	0	0	0	985	520	470
Mennonite	0	0	0	320	140	175
Swiss	0	0	0	995	465	535
Finnish	0	0	0	850	415	430
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	210	100	110
Croatian	0	0	0	365	175	190
Japanese	0	0	0	440	175	270
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	205	115	95
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10	10	0	12,655	6,215	6,440
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,930	915	1,020
Muslim	0	0	0	640	385	260
Egyptian	0	0	0	840	450	390
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	360	140	225
Tamil	0	0	0	260	145	115
Icelandic	0	0	0	400	230	170
Colombian	0	0	0	300	140	155
Moroccan	0	0	0	575	330	245
Czech	0	0	0	395	180	220
Syrian	0	0	0	1,835	885	950
Guyanese	0	0	0	170	80	90
Afghan	0	0	0	55	15	40
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	1,120	440	680
Serbian	0	0	0	280	150	130
Ojibway	0	0	0	365	170	200
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	2,385	1,230	1,155
Hong Konger	0	0	0	55	40	15
Ontarian	0	0	0	795	390	410
Persian	0	0	0	215	135	80
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	365	190	170
Turkish	0	0	0	320	200	120
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	990	480	505
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	320	185	135
Algerian	0	0	0	260	160	100
Brazilian	0	0	0	705	350	355
Nigerian	0	0	0	640	335	310
Armenian	0	0	0	275	150	120
Slovak	0	0	0	255	130	125
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	580	280	300
Somali	0	0	0	135	70	65
Taiwanese	0	0	0	45	0	45
Iraqi	0	0	0	175	80	95
Salvadorean	0	0	0	115	70	50
African Caribbean	0	0	0	325	130	195
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	165	85	80
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	330	155	180
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	235	105	125
Algonquin	0	0	0	270	160	105
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	250	120	125
Lithuanian	0	0	0	390	180	210
South African	0	0	0	325	175	145
Australian	0	0	0	395	210	185
Palestinian	0	0	0	190	115	70
Chilean	0	0	0	230	110	120
Congolese	0	0	0	720	345	375
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,680	825	855
Ethiopian	0	0	0	135	50	85
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	170	80	90
Peruvian	0	0	0	140	85	50
Yoruba	0	0	0	575	320	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	85	50	35
Berber	0	0	0	100	70	30
Albanian	0	0	0	115	40	75
Maltese	0	0	0	125	75	50
Macedonian	0	0	0	125	50	75
Slovenian	0	0	0	80	45	35
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	840	420	415
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	22,365	10,950	11,415
Gujarati	0	0	0	50	45	10
Eritrean	0	0	0	115	65	50
African Canadian	0	0	0	640	270	365
Israeli	0	0	0	285	185	100
Mohawk	0	0	0	200	110	90
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	125	55	75
Bulgarian	0	0	0	275	115	160
Albertan	0	0	0	85	35	55
Ghanaian	0	0	0	135	65	70
Barbadian	0	0	0	165	90	70
African American	0	0	0	735	390	350
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	125	55	65
Tunisian	0	0	0	190	100	80
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	180	90	85
Cuban	0	0	0	215	115	105
Bosnian	0	0	0	85	45	40
Venezuelan	0	0	0	115	55	60
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	105	60	45
Latvian	0	0	0	180	95	85
Bengali	0	0	0	90	45	45
Cameroonian	0	0	0	430	235	200
Guatemalan	0	0	0	120	40	80
Indonesian	0	0	0	225	85	145
Laotian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Ilocano	0	0	0	95	40	55
Northern Irish	0	0	0	305	160	150
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	900	455	445
British Columbian	0	0	0	75	55	20
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	80	25	50
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	105	50	55
Argentinian	0	0	0	100	35	65
Estonian	0	0	0	195	85	105
Kurdish	0	0	0	40	15	25
Fijian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Jatt	0	0	0	25	15	10
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	890	425	465
Coptic	0	0	0	65	25	40
Thai	0	0	0	135	35	95
Dominican	0	0	0	125	50	80
Nepali	0	0	0	155	80	75
Kabyle	0	0	0	90	45	45
Assyrian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	220	120	105
Byelorussian	0	0	0	140	75	65
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	20	0	10
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	180	105	70
Abenaki	0	0	0	135	60	75
Moldovan	0	0	0	95	50	45
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	135	40	90
New Zealander	0	0	0	160	75	90
Sudanese	0	0	0	240	135	100
Breton	0	0	0	180	75	105
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	105	50	55
Malaysian	0	0	0	95	50	40
Plains Cree	0	0	0	15	15	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	115	60	55
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	100	40	55
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	30	40
Buddhist	0	0	0	30	0	20
Gaspesian	0	0	0	250	120	130
Norman	0	0	0	245	135	105
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	30	25	10
Ivorian	0	0	0	155	65	90
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	25
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	60	25	35
Burundian	0	0	0	150	70	75
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	25	10	10
Mauritian	0	0	0	95	55	45
Kenyan	0	0	0	50	15	30
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	40	25	15
Jordanian	0	0	0	75	40	35
Manitoban	0	0	0	45	30	25
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	530	260	275
Rwandan	0	0	0	185	95	85
Grenadian	0	0	0	30	10	15
Malayali	0	0	0	105	60	45
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	60	35	25
Mayan	0	0	0	70	35	35
Honduran	0	0	0	60	35	25
Cherokee	0	0	0	170	60	110
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	140	50	90
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	75	45	30
Flemish	0	0	0	185	85	105
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	670	330	340
Senegalese	0	0	0	75	35	40
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	65	40	15
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	60	25	40
Goan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	165	90	75
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	60	30	25
Burmese	0	0	0	30	15	20
Mongolian	0	0	0	80	55	25
Azorean	0	0	0	10	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	215	120	90
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	15	10	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	40	20	20
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	35	20	15
Yemeni	0	0	0	20	0	15
Central African	0	0	0	115	55	55
Libyan	0	0	0	155	85	65
Basque	0	0	0	190	70	120
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	40	25	10
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	35	10	20
Igorot	0	0	0	20	0	20
Fulani	0	0	0	160	100	60
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	130	55	80
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	405	210	195
Maliseet	20	0	15	2,985	1,500	1,480
Beninese	0	0	0	110	70	40
Telugu	0	0	0	65	30	35
Roma	0	0	0	55	20	40
Costa Rican	0	0	0	35	10	30
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	150	60	85
Malagasy	0	0	0	125	70	55
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	10	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	55	20	30
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	875	455	420	759,195	373,575	385,615
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,120	615	500
Christian	645	330	315	512,645	241,975	270,670
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	30	15	20	42,360	20,475	21,885
Anabaptist	0	0	0	425	220	200
Anglican	10	0	10	35,830	16,545	19,285
Baptist	85	35	45	48,540	22,610	25,925
Catholic	505	265	240	305,520	146,135	159,385
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	1,905	915	985
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	2,600	1,185	1,420
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	800	360	445
Lutheran	0	0	0	970	440	530
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	5,675	2,575	3,095
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	14,290	6,490	7,805
Presbyterian	0	0	0	5,460	2,495	2,965
Reformed	0	0	0	110	45	65
United Church	10	0	0	35,205	15,505	19,700
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	12,955	5,980	6,975
Hindu	0	0	0	3,340	1,980	1,365
Jewish	0	0	0	1,000	540	460
Muslim	0	0	0	9,190	4,990	4,205
Sikh	0	0	0	1,780	940	840
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	1,005	490	515
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	3,990	1,590	2,400
No religion and secular perspectives	225	125	95	225,125	120,460	104,660
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	860	445	410	752,990	370,335	382,655
Non-movers	790	400	385	669,160	329,670	339,490
Movers	65	40	30	83,825	40,665	43,165
Non-migrants	20	20	0	44,035	21,260	22,775
Migrants	50	25	20	39,795	19,405	20,385
Internal migrants	50	25	20	36,285	17,630	18,660
Intraprovincial migrants	50	25	20	21,775	10,365	11,410
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	14,510	7,265	7,245
External migrants	0	0	0	3,505	1,770	1,730
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	845	445	405	726,925	357,160	369,770
Non-movers	600	315	285	468,780	232,560	236,220
Movers	245	135	115	258,145	124,595	133,550
Non-migrants	30	25	10	86,035	41,160	44,880
Migrants	215	110	105	172,110	83,445	88,665
Internal migrants	215	110	105	150,300	72,155	78,150
Intraprovincial migrants	140	70	60	104,965	49,260	55,710
Interprovincial migrants	80	35	45	45,335	22,895	22,440
External migrants	0	0	0	21,810	11,285	10,520
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	755	400	350	648,250	316,950	331,300
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	310	170	135	135,565	74,350	61,215
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	445	230	215	512,680	242,595	270,085
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	455	245	215	401,000	196,525	204,470
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	120	65	65	49,300	30,135	19,165
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	330	180	150	351,705	166,390	185,310
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	750	400	355	648,245	316,950	331,300
No certificate, diploma or degree	285	150	135	122,485	65,245	57,245
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	165	90	80	193,240	95,885	97,355
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	300	160	140	332,520	155,820	176,695
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	265	150	120	209,655	103,265	106,385
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	60	50	15	50,500	36,185	14,315
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	30	0	26,050	15,505	10,550
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	30	20	10	24,450	20,685	3,765
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	205	100	105	146,815	62,535	84,280
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	12,335	4,545	7,785
Bachelor's degree or higher	35	10	25	122,865	52,555	70,310
Bachelor's degree	30	0	25	85,425	35,145	50,275
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	7,400	2,980	4,425
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	3,070	1,625	1,445
Master's degree	0	0	0	23,265	10,540	12,725
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	3,705	2,260	1,445
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	455	245	210	401,005	196,525	204,475
No certificate, diploma or degree	125	60	60	44,010	26,490	17,520
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	120	65	50	114,985	59,795	55,195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	210	110	100	242,005	110,240	131,765
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	185	105	80	147,860	71,870	75,990
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25	20	0	31,475	22,185	9,290
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	10	0	16,715	9,835	6,885
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	14,760	12,355	2,405
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	160	80	75	108,710	46,690	62,020
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	7,670	2,995	4,680
Bachelor's degree or higher	25	10	20	94,140	38,375	55,770
Bachelor's degree	25	10	20	65,465	26,085	39,375
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	5,475	2,015	3,460
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	2,440	1,125	1,315
Master's degree	0	0	0	18,170	7,665	10,505
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	2,595	1,475	1,115
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	750	400	355	648,245	316,950	331,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	450	240	210	315,730	161,130	154,600
Education	15	0	10	25,985	6,770	19,215
13. Education	15	0	10	25,985	6,770	19,215
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	7,240	3,175	4,065
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	970	700	275
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	6,270	2,480	3,795
Humanities	0	0	0	13,325	5,530	7,795
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	1,035	245	790
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	2,545	805	1,740
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	3,475	1,060	2,415
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	375	185	190
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	920	545	370
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,145	1,350	795
54. History	0	0	0	2,065	1,110	960
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	760	220	540
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30	0	30	28,985	8,430	20,555
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	265	60	210
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	2,460	1,070	1,390
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	15	7,485	440	7,040
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	4,530	1,540	2,990
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	610	225	390
42. Psychology	0	0	0	6,135	1,325	4,805
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	7,500	3,765	3,735
Business, management and public administration	75	20	55	73,975	22,770	51,205
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	170	30	135
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	6,840	1,250	5,595
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	70	20	50	66,960	21,485	45,475
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	10	9,440	4,370	5,075
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	3,850	1,685	2,170
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	10	2,255	930	1,320
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	415	95	320
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	2,085	1,375	715
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	835	280	550
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	13,215	8,950	4,265
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	11,550	8,205	3,345
25. Library science	0	0	0	705	160	545
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	825	510	315
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	140	75	60
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	105	105	0	72,895	68,250	4,640
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	660	415	245
14. Engineering	0	0	0	9,640	8,120	1,520
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	15	0	16,310	14,615	1,695
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	30	30	0	18,740	18,250	495
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	55	55	0	17,500	17,120	380
48. Precision production	0	0	0	10,045	9,730	320
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	15	10	0	8,175	5,035	3,140
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15	10	0	4,465	2,105	2,360
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,720	2,930	780
Health and related fields	20	0	15	52,900	8,440	44,465
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	3,060	1,555	1,505
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	20	0	15	48,505	6,205	42,300
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	175	35	140
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	1,160	640	515
Personal, protective and transportation services	35	15	20	26,300	14,075	12,220
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	20	0	20	13,475	2,785	10,690
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	145	130	15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	325	275	55
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	5,700	4,530	1,175
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,650	6,360	290
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	85	40	50
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	455	245	210	401,000	196,530	204,475
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	245	130	110	158,995	86,285	72,710
Education	0	0	0	15,520	3,535	11,990
13. Education	0	0	0	15,520	3,535	11,990
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	5,685	2,440	3,245
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	670	460	210
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	5,010	1,980	3,030
Humanities	0	0	0	9,310	3,680	5,635
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	845	175	665
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	1,845	570	1,270
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	2,455	710	1,745
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	240	120	125
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	615	365	250
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,320	790	530
54. History	0	0	0	1,470	790	680
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	520	155	365
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	0	20	22,760	6,020	16,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	195	40	155
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	2,130	900	1,230
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	15	5,880	275	5,605
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	3,550	1,000	2,550
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	410	145	260
42. Psychology	0	0	0	4,895	935	3,960
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	5,700	2,730	2,970
Business, management and public administration	50	15	40	55,485	16,845	38,650
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	135	30	105
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	5,370	855	4,515
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	45	15	30	49,990	15,955	34,035
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	10	6,765	3,050	3,715
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	2,875	1,210	1,660
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	10	1,495	620	880
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	320	60	265
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	1,520	950	570
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	560	210	345
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	11,310	7,765	3,545
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	10,200	7,265	2,935
25. Library science	0	0	0	475	120	350
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	515	315	200
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	120	70	50
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	75	75	0	50,145	46,270	3,875
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	505	295	210
14. Engineering	0	0	0	7,375	6,085	1,285
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	15	0	11,895	10,445	1,455
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	25	25	0	12,295	11,900	395
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	35	35	0	11,460	11,180	280
48. Precision production	0	0	0	6,620	6,365	255
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	0	6,115	3,600	2,515
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	10	0	0	3,395	1,520	1,875
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	2,720	2,080	640
Health and related fields	20	0	15	39,225	6,580	32,640
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	2,325	1,230	1,090
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	20	0	15	35,775	4,845	30,935
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	175	35	140
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	940	465	475
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	15	10	19,605	10,415	9,185
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	0	10	9,855	1,930	7,925
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	110	100	15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	190	155	35
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	4,365	3,405	960
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	5,085	4,830	255
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	80	40	45
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	455	245	210	401,000	196,530	204,475
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	245	130	110	158,995	86,285	72,710
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	210	110	100	242,005	110,245	131,760
Location of study inside Canada	210	110	100	222,915	101,025	121,890
Same as province or territory of residence	160	75	80	172,485	77,305	95,185
Different than province or territory of residence	55	40	15	50,430	23,720	26,710
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	0	0	0	19,090	9,220	9,870
Americas	0	0	0	5,125	2,385	2,740
United States of America	0	0	0	3,595	1,665	1,930
Mexico	0	0	0	245	70	175
Cuba	0	0	0	95	55	40
Haiti	0	0	0	30	20	15
Jamaica	0	0	0	135	60	75
Brazil	0	0	0	505	280	225
Colombia	0	0	0	110	55	65
Peru	0	0	0	30	15	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	85	40	40
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	290	125	170
Europe	0	0	0	4,185	2,255	1,935
Belgium	0	0	0	125	60	60
France	0	0	0	585	315	270
Germany	0	0	0	315	160	145
Netherlands	0	0	0	185	115	70
Switzerland	0	0	0	40	20	20
Hungary	0	0	0	45	15	25
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	45	20	30
Poland	0	0	0	35	25	10
Romania	0	0	0	140	90	50
Russian Federation	0	0	0	275	120	150
Ukraine	0	0	0	565	300	265
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	40	10	30
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	1,360	770	590
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	15	10	10
Italy	0	0	0	55	25	30
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	50	25	25
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	320	170	150
Africa	0	0	0	2,095	1,105	990
Nigeria	0	0	0	430	195	230
Algeria	0	0	0	135	75	60
Morocco	0	0	0	240	135	105
Tunisia	0	0	0	110	55	50
Egypt	0	0	0	330	170	160
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	155	85	70
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	705	390	315
Asia	0	0	0	7,335	3,320	4,020
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	185	100	85
Iraq	0	0	0	25	20	0
Israel	0	0	0	160	70	90
Lebanon	0	0	0	50	30	20
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	130	55	70
Turkey	0	0	0	40	30	10
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	925	415	510
Taiwan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	20	0	20
Japan	0	0	0	60	30	30
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	630	315	315
Philippines	0	0	0	2,325	920	1,400
Viet Nam	0	0	0	265	100	165
Bangladesh	0	0	0	115	50	65
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	45	30	15
India	0	0	0	1,800	910	885
Pakistan	0	0	0	195	95	100
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	360	140	220
Oceania	0	0	0	345	155	190
Australia	0	0	0	270	110	165
New Zealand	0	0	0	70	40	25
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	750	400	355	648,245	316,950	331,300
In the labour force	410	230	180	389,465	200,685	188,785
Employed	320	175	150	349,215	177,080	172,130
Unemployed	85	55	35	40,255	23,600	16,655
Not in the labour force	345	170	175	258,780	116,265	142,515
Participation rate	54.7	57.5	50.7	60.1	63.3	57.0
Employment rate	42.7	43.8	42.3	53.9	55.9	52.0
Unemployment rate	20.7	23.9	19.4	10.3	11.8	8.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	750	400	355	648,245	316,950	331,295
Did not work¹⁸⁶	290	150	140	252,745	112,345	140,405
Worked	460	250	210	395,505	204,610	190,895
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	220	125	95	209,200	112,365	96,840
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	245	125	115	186,295	92,245	94,050
Average weeks worked in reference year	37.1	35.4	39.2	40.6	40.5	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	410	225	180	389,470	200,685	188,785
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	7,970	4,250	3,720
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	410	225	180	381,500	196,430	185,070
Employee	370	210	165	343,625	173,445	170,180
Permanent position	260	130	130	269,290	134,455	134,835
Temporary position	115	75	35	74,330	38,990	35,345
Fixed term (1 year or more)	20	0	15	16,785	7,740	9,045
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	95	70	25	57,545	31,245	26,300
Self-employed¹⁹²	35	20	15	37,875	22,990	14,890
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	410	225	180	389,470	200,685	188,785
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	7,970	4,250	3,720
All occupations¹⁹¹	410	225	180	381,500	196,430	185,070
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	3,630	2,340	1,290
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	30	0	30	58,480	16,915	41,565
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	15	0	10	24,220	18,880	5,335
3 Health occupations	25	0	15	34,745	5,650	29,095
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45	0	40	51,285	17,825	33,460
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	7,685	3,505	4,180
6 Sales and service occupations	80	25	55	101,215	43,020	58,200
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	155	145	10	67,570	62,980	4,590
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	20	15	0	13,690	11,320	2,375
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	40	25	15	18,970	13,995	4,980
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	410	225	180	389,470	200,685	188,785
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	7,970	4,250	3,720
All industries¹⁹¹	410	225	180	381,500	196,430	185,070
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	25	20	0	14,815	11,445	3,375
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30	30	0	3,295	2,795	500
22 Utilities	0	0	0	3,935	3,155	780
23 Construction	60	55	0	27,805	24,930	2,875
31-33 Manufacturing	40	25	15	30,525	22,370	8,160
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	0	9,265	6,750	2,515
44-45 Retail trade	40	30	10	45,920	21,635	24,290
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	40	35	0	18,515	13,765	4,750
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	6,530	3,845	2,680
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	13,155	4,650	8,510
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	4,095	2,405	1,685
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10	0	10	19,215	10,925	8,295
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	580	265	310
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	0	10	16,885	9,765	7,115
61 Educational services	20	0	20	28,650	8,590	20,065
62 Health care and social assistance	50	0	45	56,515	9,735	46,780
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	0	10	6,020	3,280	2,740
72 Accommodation and food services	25	10	15	23,345	8,665	14,680
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	15	10	17,185	8,720	8,460
91 Public administration	10	10	0	35,260	18,755	16,500
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	485	265	225	423,255	218,175	205,075
English	255	135	110	284,045	150,490	133,555
French	90	50	40	63,250	31,590	31,660
Non-official language	0	0	0	390	235	160
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	50	30	20
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	345	205	140
English and French	145	80	70	72,790	34,460	38,325
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,330	1,200	1,130
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	15	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	415	180	235
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	485	265	225	423,255	218,175	205,075
Single responses	440	230	205	406,995	210,720	196,275
Official languages	440	230	205	406,235	210,290	195,945
English	315	180	130	317,530	166,790	150,735
French	130	50	75	88,700	43,500	45,200
Non-official languages	0	0	0	765	430	335
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	150	95	55
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	150	95	55
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	145	90	55
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	130	85	50
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	610	335	275
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	40	40	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	40	40	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	30	30	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	40	25	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	40	25	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	275	135	140
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	55	25	25
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
German	0	0	0	25	15	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	30	10	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	30	10	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	60	35	25
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	35	25	15
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20	15	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	15	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	15	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	135	60	75
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	115	55	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	70	45	25
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	135	65	65
Chinese languages	0	0	0	135	65	65
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	120	60	55
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	15	0	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	30	20	16,255	7,455	8,800
English and French	45	30	20	15,615	7,125	8,485
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	600	300	300
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	35	25	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	485	265	225	423,255	218,175	205,075
None	390	220	170	363,825	189,715	174,115
English	35	0	35	25,730	12,055	13,680
French	60	45	20	31,880	15,515	16,365
Non-official language	0	0	0	1,430	720	705
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	320	155	170
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	1,105	565	540
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	55	30	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	210	75	135
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	110	65	40
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	320	170	150	349,215	177,080	172,130
Worked at home	30	15	15	55,620	25,955	29,660
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	870	605	265
No fixed workplace address	75	45	25	46,450	34,280	12,165
Usual place of work	220	110	105	246,275	116,240	130,035
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	220	110	105	246,275	116,240	130,035
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	50	25	25	115,805	52,670	63,130
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	30	10	15	84,010	38,685	45,325
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	140	75	70	43,000	22,535	20,460
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	3,465	2,345	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	290	155	135	292,725	150,515	142,205
Car, truck or van	270	145	125	269,215	138,920	130,295
Car, truck or van - as a driver	260	140	120	245,720	129,520	116,200
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	10	23,500	9,400	14,100
Public transit	0	0	0	4,345	1,975	2,370
Walked	10	10	0	12,305	5,775	6,530
Bicycle	0	0	0	1,130	815	315
Other method	15	0	10	5,725	3,035	2,685
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	290	155	135	292,725	150,515	142,205
Less than 15 minutes	50	35	15	131,495	62,880	68,615
15 to 29 minutes	45	15	30	104,705	53,100	51,605
30 to 44 minutes	145	75	70	34,810	20,010	14,800
45 to 59 minutes	20	15	10	11,180	6,685	4,500
60 minutes and over	30	20	10	10,530	7,850	2,685
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	290	155	135	292,725	150,515	142,205
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	30	25	0	16,430	12,045	4,385
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	65	40	20	47,295	28,970	18,325
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	110	50	55	97,985	49,495	48,495
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	25	10	20	63,160	26,475	36,685
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25	15	10	26,670	10,215	16,450
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	50	20	25	41,180	23,315	17,865
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	160	75	85	137,000	70,185	66,820
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	100	50	55	49,335	25,270	24,065
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60	30	30	87,660	44,910	42,755
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	125	55	70	102,270	52,330	49,940
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80	30	45	37,215	19,045	18,165
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	65	30	35	29,975	15,305	14,680
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	20	5	10	7,235	3,745	3,495
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	50	20	25	65,055	33,290	31,775

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 19, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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