Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Miramichi, City (C)More information: New Brunswick [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	17,692	...	...
Population, 2016¹	17,537	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	8,484	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,990	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	98.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	178.98	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	17,690	8,330	9,360
0 to 14 years	2,360	1,170	1,185
0 to 4 years	640	310	330
5 to 9 years	850	405	445
10 to 14 years	865	455	415
15 to 64 years	10,425	5,000	5,420
15 to 19 years	855	445	405
20 to 24 years	870	430	440
25 to 29 years	860	430	430
30 to 34 years	870	410	460
35 to 39 years	915	425	495
40 to 44 years	970	470	495
45 to 49 years	1,120	545	575
50 to 54 years	1,225	560	660
55 to 59 years	1,325	620	705
60 to 64 years	1,420	665	750
65 years and over	4,905	2,155	2,750
65 to 69 years	1,500	660	840
70 to 74 years	1,350	630	715
75 to 79 years	900	415	490
80 to 84 years	620	255	365
85 years and over	545	200	345
85 to 89 years	345	140	205
90 to 94 years	145	50	100
95 to 99 years	40	10	35
100 years and over	10	0	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.3	14.0	12.7
15 to 64 years	58.9	60.0	57.9
65 years and over	27.7	25.9	29.4
85 years and over	3.1	2.4	3.7
Average age of the population	47.0	45.8	48.1
Median age of the population	50.0	48.8	51.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,990	...	...
Single-detached house	5,430	...	...
Semi-detached house	355	...	...
Row house	55	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	180	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,400	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	555	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,990	...	...
1 person	2,670	...	...
2 persons	3,075	...	...
3 persons	1,095	...	...
4 persons	800	...	...
5 or more persons	350	...	...
Number of persons in private households	17,195	8,130	9,065
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,330	7,160	8,170
Married or living common-law	8,410	4,225	4,180
Married	7,020	3,540	3,485
Living common-law	1,385	690	700
Living common law - Never married	935	475	460
Living common law - Separated	100	55	50
Living common law - Divorced	295	140	155
Living common law - Widowed	55	20	35
Not married and not living common-law	6,925	2,935	3,985
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,950	2,085	1,860
Not married and not living common law - Separated	590	230	360
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,010	360	655
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,375	265	1,115
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,115	...	...
2 persons	3,095	...	...
3 persons	1,045	...	...
4 persons	735	...	...
5 or more persons	245	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,110	...	...
Total couple families	4,125	...	...
Married couples	3,430	...	...
With children⁶	1,380	...	...
Without children	2,050	...	...
Common-law couples	695	...	...
With children⁶	280	...	...
Without children	415	...	...
Total one-parent families	990	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	780	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	210	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	17,195	8,135	9,060
Total - Persons in census families	13,525	6,610	6,915
Married spouses or common-law partners	8,245	4,120	4,120
Parents in one-parent families	990	205	785
Children⁶	4,290	2,280	2,010
In a two-parent family	2,815	1,505	1,315
In a one-parent family	1,475	780	695
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,675	1,530	2,150
Living alone	2,670	1,020	1,645
Living with other relatives⁷	375	150	220
Living with non-relatives only	625	350	275
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,990	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,655	...	...
Couple-family households	3,845	...	...
With children⁶	1,525	...	...
Without children	2,315	...	...
One-parent-family households	810	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	155	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	20	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	190	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	305	...	...
One-person households	2,670	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	14,840	6,965	7,875
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,460	6,770	7,690
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,460	6,770	7,690
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	36,800	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,340	5,920	6,425
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	34,000	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,315	4,575	4,740
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	35,600	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,005	5,325	6,680
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,900	14,800	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,725	1,405	1,320
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	7,400	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,400	1,635	1,760
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	14,835	6,960	7,875
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,490	6,775	7,715
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,560	50,840	39,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,490	6,775	7,715
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,200	42,680	34,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,340	5,910	6,430
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,960	45,360	33,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,315	4,530	4,790
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680	45,520	36,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,195	5,375	6,825
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,500	14,200	12,960
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,775	1,440	1,335
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,190	8,950	7,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,585	1,705	1,880
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,560	8,690	8,450
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	14,840	6,960	7,870
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,400	2,230	2,175
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	60,800	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,900	65,100	56,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,640	1,650	1,995
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800	19,800	14,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,880	28,880	19,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.4	77.8	70.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.7	59.9	57.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.5	22.2	29.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.5	3.7	3.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.7	5.0	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.3	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	14,835	6,960	7,875
Without total income	375	190	180
With total income	14,465	6,775	7,690
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,060	435	620
$10,000 to $19,999	1,780	695	1,090
$20,000 to $29,999	2,735	1,110	1,620
$30,000 to $39,999	2,205	1,035	1,165
$40,000 to $49,999	1,865	890	970
$50,000 to $59,999	1,355	685	670
$60,000 to $69,999	1,020	560	460
$70,000 to $79,999	720	370	345
$80,000 to $89,999	600	290	315
$90,000 to $99,999	425	225	195
$100,000 and over	700	475	225
$100,000 to $149,999	520	345	180
$150,000 and over	185	135	45
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	14,835	6,960	7,875
Without after-tax income	375	190	180
With after-tax income	14,465	6,775	7,690
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,105	450	650
$10,000 to $19,999	1,885	745	1,145
$20,000 to $29,999	3,220	1,350	1,870
$30,000 to $39,999	2,580	1,220	1,360
$40,000 to $49,999	2,005	1,010	990
$50,000 to $59,999	1,420	750	675
$60,000 to $69,999	955	475	480
$70,000 to $79,999	615	325	295
$80,000 to $89,999	285	175	110
$90,000 to $99,999	140	90	50
$100,000 and over	260	190	65
$100,000 to $124,999	135	100	35
$125,000 and over	130	95	30
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	14,835	6,960	7,875
Without employment income	5,520	2,385	3,130
With employment income	9,320	4,575	4,745
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,135	525	610
$5,000 to $9,999	850	380	465
$10,000 to $19,999	1,265	620	645
$20,000 to $29,999	1,060	520	540
$30,000 to $39,999	1,055	455	600
$40,000 to $49,999	840	420	420
$50,000 to $59,999	685	330	355
$60,000 to $69,999	660	345	310
$70,000 to $79,999	490	240	250
$80,000 to $89,999	470	210	260
$90,000 to $99,999	320	175	145
$100,000 and over	490	350	135
$100,000 to $124,999	280	185	95
$125,000 and over	210	170	45
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	14,840	6,965	7,875
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,240	6,645	7,590
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,800	30,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,250	6,645	7,600
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	36,400	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,260	5,890	6,370
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,800	34,800	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,435	4,655	4,780
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,000	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,995	4,730	6,265
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,700	12,300	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,570	1,365	1,205
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,100	8,700	5,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	14,835	6,960	7,875
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,305	6,695	7,615
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,240	48,960	36,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,305	6,695	7,615
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,120	41,040	31,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,385	5,940	6,445
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,920	45,600	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,535	4,705	4,830
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	45,240	35,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,125	4,805	6,325
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,980	11,840	10,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,495	1,340	1,160
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,360	9,510	7,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	14,840	6,960	7,870
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,400	2,220	2,180
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	56,400	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,250	61,950	52,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,520	1,605	1,920
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	23,400	18,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,280	34,760	22,820
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.8	82.6	76.4
Employment income (%)	63.8	65.0	62.4
Government transfers (%)	20.2	17.4	23.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.5	3.9	2.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,990	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,670	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,320	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,990	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,660	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,325	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,990	...	...
Under $5,000	35	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	140	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	150	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	540	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	340	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	385	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	420	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	355	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	695	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	590	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	485	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	420	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,240	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	810	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	505	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	600	...	...
$200,000 and over	320	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,990	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	145	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	160	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	575	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	430	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	450	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	490	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	460	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	390	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	875	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	750	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	615	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	495	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	450	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,590	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	710	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	425	...	...
$150,000 and over	455	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,100	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,340	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,685	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	930	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,300	1,375	1,920
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,400	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,400	31,200	30,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,095	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,365	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,685	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	940	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,310	1,450	1,865
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,520	42,760	37,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	36,400	32,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	17,190	8,130	9,060
0 to 17 years	2,825	1,415	1,415
0 to 5 years	820	400	420
18 to 64 years	9,785	4,675	5,110
65 years and over	4,585	2,045	2,540
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,500	1,060	1,445
0 to 17 years	475	240	235
0 to 5 years	150	70	80
18 to 64 years	1,145	520	620
65 years and over	885	300	585
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.5	13.0	15.9
0 to 17 years (%)	16.8	17.0	16.6
0 to 5 years (%)	18.0	17.5	19.0
18 to 64 years (%)	11.7	11.1	12.2
65 years and over (%)	19.2	14.6	23.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	17,195	8,135	9,060
0 to 17 years	2,825	1,415	1,410
0 to 5 years	820	400	420
18 to 64 years	9,780	4,675	5,110
65 years and over	4,585	2,050	2,540
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	630	300	330
0 to 17 years	100	45	50
0 to 5 years	25	15	10
18 to 64 years	465	235	230
65 years and over	65	20	45
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	3.7	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	3.5	3.3	3.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	3.6	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	5.0	4.5
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.0	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	17,190	8,130	9,060
In bottom half of the distribution	10,390	4,755	5,635
In bottom decile	2,140	935	1,210
In second decile	2,280	995	1,290
In third decile	2,005	920	1,080
In fourth decile	2,040	970	1,070
In fifth decile	1,920	930	990
In top half of the distribution	6,805	3,380	3,425
In sixth decile	1,760	850	915
In seventh decile	1,570	770	800
In eighth decile	1,525	755	770
In ninth decile	1,225	630	590
In top decile	725	380	350
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	17,195	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.303	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.448	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.266	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	17,455	8,245	9,210
English only	14,010	6,840	7,165
French only	70	25	45
English and French	3,365	1,380	1,990
Neither English nor French	10	5	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	17,455	8,245	9,210
English	16,050	7,625	8,420
French	1,335	590	750
English and French	60	25	30
Neither English nor French	10	5	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	17,455	8,245	9,210
Single responses	17,105	8,080	9,025
Official languages	16,665	7,855	8,800
English	15,275	7,255	8,025
French	1,390	610	780
Non-official languages	445	225	220
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10
Algonquian languages	15	5	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	5	10
Mi'kmaq	15	5	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	430	215	210
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	20	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	25	15	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	105	55	60
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	45	50
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	200	105	95
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	5
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	5	5
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	45	25	20
Frisian	5	0	0
High German languages	15	5	10
German	15	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	15	5
Afrikaans	10	5	5
Dutch	10	5	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	45	50
Indo-Aryan languages	95	45	50
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	10
Gujarati	15	10	5
Hindi	5	5	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	20	30
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	30	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	10	5
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	30	20	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5
American Sign Language	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	10
Chinese languages	20	15	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	345	165	185
English and French	265	115	145
English and non-official language(s)	75	45	35
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	17,455	8,245	9,210
English	15,790	7,500	8,285
French	445	190	260
Non-official language	95	40	50
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	90	40	45
English and French	725	305	425
English and non-official language(s)	370	180	185
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	5
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	17,455	8,245	9,210
Single responses	17,205	8,130	9,075
Official languages	16,985	8,025	8,965
English	16,425	7,785	8,640
French	565	240	325
Non-official languages	220	105	110
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	220	105	110
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	10	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	65	30	30
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	30	30
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	105	55	55
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5
Afrikaans	5	5	5
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	25	35
Indo-Aryan languages	60	25	35
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5
Gujarati	10	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	10	25
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	20	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	10	5
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	15	15	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5
American Sign Language	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	0
Chinese languages	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	245	115	130
English and French	145	60	90
English and non-official language(s)	90	50	45
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	17,455	8,245	9,210
None	16,565	7,845	8,720
English	225	100	120
French	470	205	270
Non-official language	155	75	80
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	15
Non-Indigenous	135	70	65
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	17,190	8,130	9,060
Official languages	17,175	8,125	9,050
English	17,120	8,105	9,015
French	3,365	1,375	1,990
Non-official languages	700	320	380
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	40	20
Algonquian languages	60	40	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	60	40	20
Mi'kmaq	60	40	20
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	650	290	365
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	20	30
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	20	30
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	45	20	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	160	75	85
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	15	10
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	75	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	10	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	10	10	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	310	125	180
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	20	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35	20	20
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	25	0	20
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	75	25	50
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	30	10	20
German	30	10	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	20	10
Afrikaans	15	15	0
Dutch	10	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	0	20
Danish	10	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10
Swedish	10	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	115	40	75
Indo-Aryan languages	115	40	75
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	50	15	35
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55	20	35
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	50	40
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	15	10
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	75	40	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	70	35	35
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	0
American Sign Language	10	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	20
Chinese languages	40	20	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	15	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	0	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,195	8,130	9,060
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	845	390	455
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	810	370	440
First Nations (North American Indian)	490	215	275
Métis	310	155	150
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	15	10
Non-Indigenous identity	16,350	7,745	8,605
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,195	8,130	9,060
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	315	140	175
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	16,880	7,990	8,890
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,990	...	...
Owner	5,565	...	...
Renter	2,425	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,990	...	...
Condominium	175	...	...
Not condominium	7,815	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,990	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...
1 bedroom	760	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,065	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,265	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,875	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,990	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,815	...	...
5 rooms	1,355	...	...
6 rooms	1,405	...	...
7 rooms	1,090	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,325	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,990	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,955	...	...
More than one person per room	35	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,990	...	...
Suitable	7,840	...	...
Not suitable	150	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,990	...	...
1960 or before	2,285	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,695	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,200	...	...
1991 to 2000	845	...	...
2001 to 2005	265	...	...
2006 to 2010	250	...	...
2011 to 2015	230	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	225	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,990	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,360	...	...
Major repairs needed	630	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,990	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,490	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,295	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	205	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,990	...	...
15 to 24 years	210	...	...
25 to 34 years	785	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,040	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,265	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,570	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,765	...	...
75 to 84 years	995	...	...
85 years and over	350	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,960	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,815	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,140	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,030	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,990	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,790	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,020	...	...
Not suitable only	130	...	...
Major repairs needed only	500	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	6,205	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,845	...	...
In core need	265	...	...
Not in core need	7,585	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,560	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	745	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	924	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	160,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	183,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,430	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	785	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	839	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	17,195	8,135	9,060
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	275	115	155
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	265	110	150
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	220	100	125
Métis single ancestry	35	15	20
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	790	340	455
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	775	335	440
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	570	230	345
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	105	90
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	16,130	7,680	8,455
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	17,195	8,135	9,060
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	16,790	7,955	8,835
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,730	1,365	1,365
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,055	6,590	7,465
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	405	180	225
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	17,195	8,135	9,060
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	16,445	7,775	8,670
Immigrants⁸¹	645	310	335
Before 1980	160	70	95
1980 to 1990	55	35	20
1991 to 2000	40	10	25
2001 to 2010	125	65	60
2011 to 2021⁸²	265	130	140
2011 to 2015	25	10	15
2016 to 2021	235	120	125
Non-permanent residents⁸³	105	45	60
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	645	310	335
Under 5 years	70	35	40
5 to 14 years	125	50	75
15 to 24 years	95	55	45
25 to 44 years	285	145	145
45 years and over	65	30	35
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	645	310	335
Americas	110	55	50
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	10	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	50	20	25
Other places of birth in Americas	30	15	15
Europe	205	90	115
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	10	0	10
Germany	15	0	15
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	25	10	20
Poland	10	0	10
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100	50	50
Other places of birth in Europe	30	20	10
Africa	65	40	30
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	10	10
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	15	0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	20	20
Asia	265	125	140
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	10
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	130	60	70
Viet Nam	10	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	35	20	15
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	15	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	240	115	120
Americas	50	25	25
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	10	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	15	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10
Europe	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	30	15	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	155	75	75
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	115	55	60
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	17,195	8,130	9,060
First generation¹⁰⁰	855	400	455
Second generation¹⁰¹	750	355	400
Third generation or more¹⁰²	15,585	7,380	8,205
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	480	240	245
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	275	150	125
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	120	60	60
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	150	85	65
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	175	80	95
Refugees¹⁰⁸	30	10	20
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	480	240	245
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	10	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	115	40	70
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	10	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	35	20	15
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	310	150	155
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	17,195	8,130	9,060
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	615	275	335
South Asian	130	55	80
Chinese	35	20	20
Black	130	65	70
Filipino	190	90	100
Arab	30	15	10
Latin American	20	10	10
Southeast Asian	20	0	15
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	15	0	15
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	15	0	10
Multiple visible minorities	25	10	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	16,580	7,860	8,720
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	17,190	8,135	9,060
Canadian	2,940	1,370	1,580
English	3,175	1,620	1,555
Irish	6,460	2,975	3,485
Scottish	5,420	2,530	2,890
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,625	1,615	2,010
German	565	315	255
Chinese	55	25	25
Italian	155	75	85
Indian (India)	70	35	35
Ukrainian	105	65	40
Dutch	185	100	85
Polish	85	35	50
Québécois	20	10	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	295	180	115
Filipino	185	90	95
French Canadian	150	70	85
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	795	405	395
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	335	150	185
Métis	260	125	130
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	120	45	75
Russian	0	0	0
Norwegian	105	50	60
Welsh	230	110	120
Portuguese	95	45	50
American	55	35	15
Spanish	45	15	30
Swedish	80	20	65
Hungarian	20	10	10
Acadian	1,425	575	845
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	50	30	20
Jewish	15	0	10
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	10	15
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	35	15	15
Greek	10	10	0
Jamaican	35	10	20
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	15	0	15
Romanian	10	0	10
Lebanese	160	75	85
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	45	15	30
Danish	40	25	15
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	120	65	60
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0
Belgian	35	20	25
Haitian	15	0	10
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	10	10	0
Finnish	10	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	310	95	210
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	10	10
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	20	30
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	20	15	10
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	30	20	10
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	20	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	15	0	10
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	0	10
New Brunswicker	340	165	175
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	10	0	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70	30	40
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10	0	10
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	15	15	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	0
Maliseet	10	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	17,195	8,130	9,060
Buddhist	20	0	15
Christian	13,330	6,200	7,130
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	610	300	315
Anabaptist	10	0	10
Anglican	775	385	390
Baptist	765	385	380
Catholic	8,740	4,060	4,685
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	75	35	40
Latter Day Saints	10	0	0
Lutheran	10	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	0	30
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	270	140	135
Presbyterian	240	110	130
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	1,420	640	780
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	375	145	225
Hindu	35	10	30
Jewish	0	0	0
Muslim	50	25	30
Sikh	45	20	25
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	60	20	40
No religion and secular perspectives	3,655	1,860	1,800
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	17,095	8,075	9,015
Non-movers	15,470	7,330	8,140
Movers	1,625	740	880
Non-migrants	955	435	525
Migrants	665	310	355
Internal migrants	655	305	350
Intraprovincial migrants	265	115	150
Interprovincial migrants	390	190	205
External migrants	10	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	16,575	7,825	8,750
Non-movers	11,265	5,385	5,875
Movers	5,315	2,440	2,875
Non-migrants	2,625	1,175	1,450
Migrants	2,685	1,265	1,425
Internal migrants	2,400	1,130	1,265
Intraprovincial migrants	1,360	605	755
Interprovincial migrants	1,040	525	510
External migrants	295	135	160
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,840	6,960	7,870
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,475	1,280	1,195
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,360	5,680	6,680
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,565	4,070	4,495
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	720	430	290
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,845	3,640	4,205
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,835	6,960	7,875
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,210	1,105	1,100
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,700	2,220	2,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,930	3,635	4,295
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,380	2,625	2,760
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,255	915	345
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	560	365	200
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	695	550	145
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,895	1,605	2,290
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	230	110	125
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,545	1,010	1,535
Bachelor's degree	1,770	670	1,100
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	205	70	135
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	25	15
Master's degree	500	225	275
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	20	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,565	4,075	4,490
No certificate, diploma or degree	645	385	255
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,575	1,350	1,230
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,345	2,340	3,010
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,465	1,665	1,805
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	710	495	215
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	335	205	135
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	370	295	75
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,630	1,100	1,525
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	135	65	70
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,880	675	1,205
Bachelor's degree	1,330	465	865
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	155	45	105
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35	20	15
Master's degree	335	125	215
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20	15	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	14,835	6,965	7,875
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,905	3,330	3,580
Education	835	260	575
13. Education	835	260	575
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	140	55	80
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	30	15
50. Visual and performing arts	95	30	65
Humanities	290	150	140
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	25
23. English language and literature/letters	30	15	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	80	35	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	20	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	30	25
54. History	45	35	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	675	200	480
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	70	25	40
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	200	10	195
22. Legal professions and studies	50	15	30
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	0	30
42. Psychology	135	30	105
45. Social sciences	190	115	70
Business, management and public administration	1,465	360	1,100
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	285	50	235
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,180	315	865
Physical and life sciences and technologies	170	95	70
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	35	15	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	40	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	50	35	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	170	100	60
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	140	90	50
25. Library science	15	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,670	1,585	85
04. Architecture and related services	25	15	0
14. Engineering	105	90	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	405	375	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	470	450	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	405	400	0
48. Precision production	265	250	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	135	105	30
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	35	20	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	95	90	10
Health and related fields	1,465	220	1,250
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	70	35	30
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,370	170	1,205
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	910	495	420
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	405	100	305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	370	270	105
49. Transportation and materials moving	130	125	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	8,570	4,075	4,495
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,225	1,735	1,490
Education	515	130	385
13. Education	515	130	385
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	105	45	60
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	0
50. Visual and performing arts	85	25	55
Humanities	175	85	90
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	15	10	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65	25	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	20	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	10	10
54. History	20	15	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	525	145	380
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	25	35
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	165	10	155
22. Legal professions and studies	45	15	30
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	0	25
42. Psychology	115	25	85
45. Social sciences	115	65	45
Business, management and public administration	995	235	760
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	210	30	180
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	790	205	575
Physical and life sciences and technologies	110	65	40
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	25	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	30	20	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	15	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	135	85	45
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	115	75	40
25. Library science	15	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	990	915	75
04. Architecture and related services	20	10	0
14. Engineering	70	55	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	235	210	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	275	260	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	230	225	0
48. Precision production	160	155	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	90	60	30
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	30	10	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	65	55	10
Health and related fields	1,025	175	850
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	45	20	25
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	965	140	820
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	15	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	675	385	285
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	250	55	190
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	315	225	90
49. Transportation and materials moving	105	105	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	8,570	4,075	4,495
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,225	1,735	1,490
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	5,345	2,340	3,005
Location of study inside Canada	5,065	2,215	2,850
Same as province or territory of residence	3,910	1,675	2,235
Different than province or territory of residence	1,155	545	610
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	285	120	155
Americas	100	50	55
United States of America	75	35	40
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	20	20	0
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	30	10	20
Nigeria	10	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	140	55	80
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10
Philippines	85	40	55
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	35	15	20
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	14,835	6,960	7,875
In the labour force	8,415	4,100	4,320
Employed	7,485	3,525	3,960
Unemployed	935	575	360
Not in the labour force	6,420	2,860	3,560
Participation rate	56.7	58.9	54.9
Employment rate	50.5	50.6	50.3
Unemployment rate	11.1	14.0	8.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	14,835	6,965	7,875
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,535	2,935	3,600
Worked	8,305	4,025	4,275
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,505	2,280	2,225
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	3,800	1,755	2,050
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.4	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	8,415	4,100	4,315
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	135	80
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	8,205	3,965	4,235
Employee	7,495	3,570	3,925
Permanent position	5,675	2,675	3,000
Temporary position	1,815	895	920
Fixed term (1 year or more)	365	150	210
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,455	740	715
Self-employed¹⁹²	710	400	315
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	8,415	4,100	4,315
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	135	80
All occupations¹⁹¹	8,205	3,965	4,235
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	55	35	20
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,300	365	940
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	290	260	30
3 Health occupations	910	125	785
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,415	475	935
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	105	30	75
6 Sales and service occupations	2,300	1,015	1,285
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,265	1,170	95
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	205	170	30
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	360	315	50
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	8,415	4,100	4,315
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	135	80
All industries¹⁹¹	8,205	3,965	4,235
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	125	110	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	150	150	0
22 Utilities	70	70	0
23 Construction	475	440	40
31-33 Manufacturing	515	440	70
41 Wholesale trade	105	80	25
44-45 Retail trade	1,085	495	590
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	265	200	60
51 Information and cultural industries	115	70	40
52 Finance and insurance	100	45	55
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	55	25	30
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	215	125	90
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	15	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	270	180	90
61 Educational services	765	215	555
62 Health care and social assistance	1,500	245	1,255
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	160	105	55
72 Accommodation and food services	600	220	380
81 Other services (except public administration)	340	165	175
91 Public administration	1,280	565	710
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	8,960	4,355	4,605
English	7,865	3,940	3,920
French	100	45	50
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	980	355	620
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	8,960	4,355	4,605
Single responses	8,835	4,320	4,515
Official languages	8,825	4,315	4,510
English	8,620	4,240	4,375
French	210	75	135
Non-official languages	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	125	35	85
English and French	125	35	85
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	8,960	4,355	4,605
None	8,095	4,025	4,065
English	110	30	80
French	745	295	450
Non-official language	10	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	10	10	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	7,485	3,525	3,960
Worked at home	1,065	435	625
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	840	575	265
Usual place of work	5,575	2,510	3,065
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,575	2,510	3,065
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,615	1,915	2,700
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	505	290	225
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	390	255	135
Commute to a different province or territory	65	55	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,415	3,085	3,330
Car, truck or van	6,025	2,885	3,140
Car, truck or van - as a driver	5,440	2,670	2,770
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	580	210	375
Public transit	35	25	15
Walked	225	105	115
Bicycle	30	25	10
Other method	105	45	55
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,415	3,085	3,330
Less than 15 minutes	3,870	1,675	2,195
15 to 29 minutes	1,750	865	885
30 to 44 minutes	385	250	140
45 to 59 minutes	235	180	60
60 minutes and over	170	115	55
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,415	3,085	3,330
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	380	280	100
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,160	635	530
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,875	905	965
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,510	555	960
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	630	195	430
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	860	510	355
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,900	1,455	1,440
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	550	255	295
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,350	1,200	1,145
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,195	1,110	1,090
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	420	195	225
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	235	105	130
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	190	95	95
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,780	915	860

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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