Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Fredericton, City (C)More information: New Brunswick [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	63,116
Population, 2016¹	58,721^r
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.5
Total private dwellings²	29,892
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	28,478
Population density per square kilometre	471.3
Land area in square kilometres	133.93
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	63,115
0 to 14 years	9,120
0 to 4 years	2,760
5 to 9 years	3,255
10 to 14 years	3,100
15 to 64 years	41,455
15 to 19 years	3,340
20 to 24 years	5,590
25 to 29 years	5,005
30 to 34 years	4,300
35 to 39 years	4,310
40 to 44 years	3,995
45 to 49 years	3,770
50 to 54 years	3,585
55 to 59 years	3,830
60 to 64 years	3,730
65 years and over	12,540
65 to 69 years	3,555
70 to 74 years	3,275
75 to 79 years	2,340
80 to 84 years	1,735
85 years and over	1,650
85 to 89 years	995
90 to 94 years	500
95 to 99 years	135
100 years and over	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4
15 to 64 years	65.7
65 years and over	19.9
85 years and over	2.6
Average age of the population	41.7
Median age of the population	40.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	28,475
Single-detached house	12,460
Semi-detached house	790
Row house	1,245
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,375
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,930
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	420
Other single-attached house	170
Movable dwelling⁴	1,095
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	28,480
1 person	9,690
2 persons	10,675
3 persons	3,815
4 persons	2,915
5 or more persons	1,390
Number of persons in private households	61,835
Average household size	2.2
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	53,995
Married or living common-law	28,895
Married	22,570
Living common-law	6,320
Living common law - Never married	4,840
Living common law - Separated	300
Living common law - Divorced	1,045
Living common law - Widowed	135
Not married and not living common-law	25,105
Not married and not living common law - Never married	16,740
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,675
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,495
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,200
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	16,955
2 persons	9,915
3 persons	3,315
4 persons	2,680
5 or more persons	1,045
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	16,960
Total couple families	14,165
Married couples	11,000
With children⁶	5,150
Without children	5,850
Common-law couples	3,165
With children⁶	925
Without children	2,240
Total one-parent families	2,795
in which the parent is a woman+	2,250
in which the parent is a man+	540
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	61,835
Total - Persons in census families	46,200
Married spouses or common-law partners	28,330
Parents in one-parent families	2,790
Children⁶	15,080
In a two-parent family	11,005
In a one-parent family	4,075
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,640
Living alone	9,695
Living with other relatives⁷	1,165
Living with non-relatives only	4,780
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	28,480
One-census-family households without additional persons	15,635
Couple-family households	13,265
With children⁶	5,700
Without children	7,565
One-parent-family households	2,370
Multigenerational households⁸	335
Multiple-census-family households⁹	85
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	660
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,070
One-person households	9,690
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	52,730
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50,985
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,520
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,150
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,955
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,860
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,305
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	52,730
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,025
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,590
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,145
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,915
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,810
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,555
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,375
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,045
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,410
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	52,730
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,085
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,240
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,940
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	52,735
Without total income	1,745
With total income	50,985
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,955
$10,000 to $19,999	5,825
$20,000 to $29,999	8,375
$30,000 to $39,999	7,110
$40,000 to $49,999	6,360
$50,000 to $59,999	4,675
$60,000 to $69,999	3,660
$70,000 to $79,999	2,850
$80,000 to $89,999	2,240
$90,000 to $99,999	1,530
$100,000 and over	4,405
$100,000 to $149,999	3,000
$150,000 and over	1,400
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	52,735
Without after-tax income	1,735
With after-tax income	51,000
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,195
$10,000 to $19,999	6,075
$20,000 to $29,999	9,855
$30,000 to $39,999	8,640
$40,000 to $49,999	7,005
$50,000 to $59,999	4,975
$60,000 to $69,999	3,595
$70,000 to $79,999	2,330
$80,000 to $89,999	1,355
$90,000 to $99,999	880
$100,000 and over	2,095
$100,000 to $124,999	1,080
$125,000 and over	1,015
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	52,735
Without employment income	15,585
With employment income	37,145
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,710
$5,000 to $9,999	3,400
$10,000 to $19,999	4,830
$20,000 to $29,999	3,890
$30,000 to $39,999	3,640
$40,000 to $49,999	3,550
$50,000 to $59,999	2,790
$60,000 to $69,999	2,475
$70,000 to $79,999	1,945
$80,000 to $89,999	1,620
$90,000 to $99,999	1,140
$100,000 and over	3,160
$100,000 to $124,999	1,490
$125,000 and over	1,675
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	52,730
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,825
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,850
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	45,725
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,810
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	35,180
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,550
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	52,730
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,695
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,725
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,670
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,650
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,100
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,130
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,350
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	52,730
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,935
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,045
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	88.0
Employment income (%)	68.8
Government transfers (%)	12.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	28,480
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,690
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	18,790
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	28,480
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,500
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,200
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,690
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,960
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,760
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	18,790
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,400
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,400
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	28,475
Under $5,000	275
$5,000 to $9,999	335
$10,000 to $14,999	445
$15,000 to $19,999	490
$20,000 to $24,999	1,195
$25,000 to $29,999	1,100
$30,000 to $34,999	1,140
$35,000 to $39,999	1,215
$40,000 to $44,999	1,295
$45,000 to $49,999	1,325
$50,000 to $59,999	2,440
$60,000 to $69,999	2,345
$70,000 to $79,999	2,150
$80,000 to $89,999	1,960
$90,000 to $99,999	1,615
$100,000 and over	9,165
$100,000 to $124,999	3,010
$125,000 to $149,999	2,040
$150,000 to $199,999	2,300
$200,000 and over	1,810
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	28,475
Under $5,000	290
$5,000 to $9,999	335
$10,000 to $14,999	460
$15,000 to $19,999	515
$20,000 to $24,999	1,340
$25,000 to $29,999	1,320
$30,000 to $34,999	1,335
$35,000 to $39,999	1,530
$40,000 to $44,999	1,585
$45,000 to $49,999	1,490
$50,000 to $59,999	2,945
$60,000 to $69,999	2,660
$70,000 to $79,999	2,365
$80,000 to $89,999	1,980
$90,000 to $99,999	1,615
$100,000 and over	6,710
$100,000 to $124,999	2,765
$125,000 to $149,999	1,765
$150,000 and over	2,180
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,065
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,755
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,115
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,690
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,465
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,070
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,750
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,800
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,135
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,100
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,680
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,700
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,750
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,420
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	61,835
0 to 17 years	10,925
0 to 5 years	3,365
18 to 64 years	39,295
65 years and over	11,615
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,320
0 to 17 years	1,920
0 to 5 years	630
18 to 64 years	4,880
65 years and over	1,520
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.5
0 to 17 years (%)	17.6
0 to 5 years (%)	18.7
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4
65 years and over (%)	13.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	61,840
0 to 17 years	10,925
0 to 5 years	3,365
18 to 64 years	39,295
65 years and over	11,615
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,770
0 to 17 years	640
0 to 5 years	195
18 to 64 years	2,935
65 years and over	195
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.1
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8
0 to 5 years (%)	5.8
18 to 64 years (%)	7.5
65 years and over (%)	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	61,835
In bottom half of the distribution	35,350
In bottom decile	8,180
In second decile	7,255
In third decile	7,100
In fourth decile	6,675
In fifth decile	6,140
In top half of the distribution	26,485
In sixth decile	5,945
In seventh decile	5,680
In eighth decile	5,475
In ninth decile	4,895
In top decile	4,490
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	61,840
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.330
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.433
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.287
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	62,250
English only	46,595
French only	205
English and French	15,100
Neither English nor French	360
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	62,250
English	57,460
French	3,900
English and French	560
Neither English nor French	335
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	62,250
Single responses	60,355
Official languages	53,705
English	49,915
French	3,785
Non-official languages	6,655
Indigenous languages³⁹	40
Algonquian languages	35
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	35
Mi'kmaq	20
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,610
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,400
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	15
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,385
Amharic	25
Arabic	1,295
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5
Harari	0
Hebrew	45
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155
Khmer (Cambodian)	5
Vietnamese	155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	365
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	45
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	5
Indonesian	5
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	290
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	10
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	165
Kannada	15
Malayalam	35
Tamil	45
Telugu	65
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	2,960
Albanian	20
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	630
Baltic languages	20
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	15
Slavic languages	610
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	15
Macedonian	5
Polish	50
Russian	365
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	110
Bosnian	30
Croatian	30
Serbian	50
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	315
Frisian	5
High German languages	165
German	160
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	120
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	115
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	20
Danish	10
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	15
Indo-Iranian languages	1,295
Indo-Aryan languages	925
Assamese	0
Bengali	165
Gujarati	45
Hindi	200
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	30
Nepali	95
Oriya languages	5
Odia	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	110
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	370
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	40
Parsi	0
Pashto	20
Persian languages	305
Dari	5
Iranian Persian	285
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	685
Catalan	0
Italian	35
Portuguese	180
Romanian	45
Spanish	420
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	25
Korean	210
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	275
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	5
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50
Shona	10
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	75
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	25
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	910
Chinese languages	890
Hakka	5
Mandarin	745
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	10
Yue (Cantonese)	95
Chinese, n.o.s.	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20
Lao	0
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	40
Azerbaijani	5
Kazakh	0
Turkish	20
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	45
Estonian	5
Finnish	5
Hungarian	35
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,900
English and French	860
English and non-official language(s)	860
French and non-official language(s)	60
English, French and non-official language(s)	40
Multiple non-official languages	80
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	62,250
English	50,905
French	1,380
Non-official language	1,960
Indigenous³⁹	5
Non-Indigenous	1,955
English and French	2,735
English and non-official language(s)	4,590
French and non-official language(s)	60
English, French and non-official language(s)	475
Multiple non-official languages	150
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	62,250
Single responses	60,565
Official languages	56,495
English	54,565
French	1,925
Non-official languages	4,075
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5
Mi'kmaq	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,065
Afro-Asiatic languages	980
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	10
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	970
Amharic	15
Arabic	920
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5
Harari	0
Hebrew	20
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	125
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	180
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	20
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	5
Haitian Creole	5
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	80
Kannada	0
Malayalam	20
Tamil	30
Telugu	35
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,695
Albanian	5
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	400
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	400
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	15
Russian	275
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	70
Bosnian	20
Croatian	10
Serbian	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	50
Frisian	0
High German languages	35
German	30
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	5
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	840
Indo-Aryan languages	580
Assamese	0
Bengali	100
Gujarati	40
Hindi	135
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	5
Konkani	5
Marathi	5
Nepali	55
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	155
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	60
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	265
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	35
Parsi	0
Pashto	20
Persian languages	215
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	200
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	400
Catalan	0
Italian	5
Portuguese	130
Romanian	30
Spanish	235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	5
Korean	170
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	115
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	55
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	30
American Sign Language	30
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	645
Chinese languages	635
Hakka	0
Mandarin	565
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	15
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	10
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,690
English and French	495
English and non-official language(s)	1,090
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	50
Multiple non-official languages	25
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	62,250
None	55,655
English	2,120
French	1,835
Non-official language	1,835
Indigenous³⁹	40
Non-Indigenous	1,800
English and French	90
English and non-official language(s)	270
French and non-official language(s)	205
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	230
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	61,840
Official languages	61,470
English	61,310
French	15,175
Non-official languages	9,300
Indigenous languages³⁹	95
Algonquian languages	95
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	85
Mi'kmaq	55
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	35
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,215
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,020
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	65
Bilen	0
Oromo	30
Somali	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,950
Amharic	60
Arabic	1,730
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	140
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	30
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	180
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	180
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	610
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	55
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	45
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	515
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	50
Haitian Creole	10
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	15
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25
Dravidian languages	260
Kannada	35
Malayalam	60
Tamil	150
Telugu	80
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	4,515
Albanian	25
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	775
Baltic languages	30
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	30
Slavic languages	755
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	15
Macedonian	0
Polish	55
Russian	515
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	120
Bosnian	55
Croatian	50
Serbian	60
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	205
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	25
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	20
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	605
Frisian	0
High German languages	455
German	450
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125
Afrikaans	35
Dutch	95
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	50
Danish	10
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	15
Swedish	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	30
Indo-Iranian languages	1,670
Indo-Aryan languages	1,310
Assamese	0
Bengali	210
Gujarati	120
Hindi	730
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	100
Nepali	150
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	340
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15
Urdu	235
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25
Iranian languages	370
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	335
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	320
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,565
Catalan	10
Italian	220
Portuguese	220
Romanian	60
Spanish	1,250
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	95
Korean	225
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	510
Akan (Twi)	10
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45
Lingala	50
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	125
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	310
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	85
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	110
American Sign Language	110
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,055
Chinese languages	1,050
Hakka	0
Mandarin	945
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	125
Chinese, n.o.s.	35
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15
Lao	0
Thai	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	80
Azerbaijani	10
Kazakh	0
Turkish	75
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	75
Estonian	0
Finnish	30
Hungarian	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	61,835
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,180
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,065
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,535
Métis	435
Inuk (Inuit)	95
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90
Non-Indigenous identity	59,655
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	61,835
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,110
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	60,725
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	28,480
Owner	16,110
Renter	12,365
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	28,480
Condominium	1,920
Not condominium	26,555
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	28,480
No bedrooms	145
1 bedroom	3,535
2 bedrooms	9,635
3 bedrooms	8,305
4 or more bedrooms	6,865
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	28,480
1 to 4 rooms	8,825
5 rooms	4,960
6 rooms	3,945
7 rooms	2,810
8 or more rooms	7,935
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	28,480
One person or fewer per room	28,070
More than one person per room	410
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	28,480
Suitable	27,490
Not suitable	990
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	28,480
1960 or before	5,615
1961 to 1980	8,150
1981 to 1990	2,845
1991 to 2000	3,545
2001 to 2005	2,025
2006 to 2010	2,355
2011 to 2015	2,105
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,835
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	28,480
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	26,690
Major repairs needed	1,785
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	28,480
One-maintainer household	15,160
Two-maintainer household	12,380
Three-or-more-maintainer household	940
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	28,480
15 to 24 years	2,260
25 to 34 years	4,840
35 to 44 years	4,610
45 to 54 years	4,265
55 to 64 years	4,635
65 to 74 years	4,310
75 to 84 years	2,560
85 years and over	990
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	28,345
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,765
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,575
30% to less than 100%	5,060
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	28,480
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,695
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,015
Not suitable only	770
Major repairs needed only	1,260
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	125
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	435
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10
Acceptable housing	20,780
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	27,830
In core need	2,515
Not in core need	25,310
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,100
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.7
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.6
% in core housing need⁶³	3.2
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,060
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,189
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	273,600
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,365
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.1
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.9
% in core housing need⁶³	16.8
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	61,835
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	955
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	955
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	845
Métis single ancestry	45
Inuit single ancestry	60
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,270
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,205
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,740
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	410
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	58,610
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	61,835
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	55,870
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,475
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	46,400
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,965
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	61,835
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	52,300
Immigrants⁸¹	7,790
Before 1980	1,115
1980 to 1990	305
1991 to 2000	600
2001 to 2010	1,270
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,500
2011 to 2015	1,025
2016 to 2021	3,475
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,745
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,790
Under 5 years	835
5 to 14 years	1,680
15 to 24 years	1,055
25 to 44 years	3,670
45 years and over	550
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,790
Americas	930
Brazil	30
Colombia	40
El Salvador	10
Guyana	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	50
Mexico	35
Peru	10
Trinidad and Tobago	25
United States of America	570
Other places of birth in Americas	145
Europe	1,705
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55
Croatia	20
France	55
Germany	120
Greece	0
Hungary	15
Italy	35
Netherlands	50
Poland	20
Portugal	25
Romania	50
Russian Federation	130
Serbia⁸⁶	20
Ukraine	165
United Kingdom⁸⁷	765
Other places of birth in Europe	180
Africa	1,195
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	185
Egypt	295
Eritrea	25
Ethiopia	40
Morocco	25
Nigeria	160
Somalia	20
South Africa, Republic of	50
Other places of birth in Africa	380
Asia	3,935
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	240
Iraq	60
Lebanon	205
Syria⁸⁹	505
Turkey	50
China⁹⁰	650
Hong Kong⁹¹	50
Korea, South⁹²	170
Taiwan	15
Philippines	500
Viet Nam	140
Bangladesh	140
India	455
Pakistan	160
Sri Lanka	15
Other places of birth in Asia	575
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	30
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,475
Americas	210
Brazil	25
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	20
Mexico	15
United States of America	55
Venezuela⁹⁵	15
Other places of birth in Americas	75
Europe	315
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	95
Ukraine	105
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50
Other places of birth in Europe	45
Africa	800
Algeria	0
Burundi	60
Cameroon	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	125
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	240
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	150
Somalia	10
South Africa, Republic of	10
Sudan⁹⁷	35
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	105
Asia	2,140
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	100
China⁹⁰	245
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	290
Iran⁸⁸	90
Iraq	0
Israel	60
Japan	0
Jordan	30
Korea, South⁹²	30
Lebanon	65
Nepal	60
Pakistan	100
Philippines	300
Saudi Arabia	65
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	490
Turkey	30
United Arab Emirates	75
Viet Nam	60
Other places of birth in Asia	40
Oceania and other⁹³	10
Australia	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	61,835
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,200
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,715
Third generation or more¹⁰²	45,925
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,675
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,500
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,690
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,805
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	850
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,315
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,675
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	65
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	775
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	360
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	535
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,920
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	61,835
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,660
South Asian	1,775
Chinese	1,135
Black	1,780
Filipino	600
Arab	1,555
Latin American	520
Southeast Asian	315
West Asian	440
Korean	225
Japanese	50
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	95
Multiple visible minorities	175
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	53,175
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	61,840
Canadian	9,435
English	15,495
Irish	16,480
Scottish	15,340
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,950
German	3,590
Chinese	1,220
Italian	885
Indian (India)	875
Ukrainian	755
Dutch	1,795
Polish	540
Québécois	210
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,300
Filipino	640
French Canadian	600
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,900
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	975
Métis	480
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,280
Russian	450
Norwegian	450
Welsh	1,845
Portuguese	220
American	615
Spanish	375
Swedish	310
Hungarian	230
Acadian	3,520
Pakistani	245
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	550
Jewish	405
Punjabi	90
Vietnamese	205
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	385
Greek	130
Jamaican	80
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	125
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	75
Korean	205
Romanian	120
Lebanese	625
Iranian	300
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	230
Danish	545
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	450
Sikh	30
Austrian	170
Belgian	170
Haitian	0
Hindu	95
Mexican	195
Mennonite	35
Swiss	85
Finnish	120
Sri Lankan	35
Croatian	55
Japanese	65
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	70
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	620
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	270
Muslim	140
Egyptian	430
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35
Tamil	50
Icelandic	15
Colombian	95
Moroccan	0
Czech	65
Syrian	540
Guyanese	45
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	105
Serbian	70
Ojibway	40
Newfoundlander	245
Hong Konger	10
Ontarian	60
Persian	90
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25
Turkish	105
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	155
Bangladeshi	145
Algerian	30
Brazilian	130
Nigerian	145
Armenian	30
Slovak	15
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30
Somali	45
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	50
Salvadorean	25
African Caribbean	75
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	165
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25
Algonquin	25
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	50
Lithuanian	65
South African	85
Australian	40
Palestinian	35
Chilean	10
Congolese	155
Nova Scotian	200
Ethiopian	65
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	50
Peruvian	30
Yoruba	65
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	25
Maltese	35
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	10
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	130
New Brunswicker	1,310
Gujarati	15
Eritrean	40
African Canadian	95
Israeli	40
Mohawk	20
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30
Bulgarian	10
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	45
Barbadian	15
African American	70
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30
Cuban	25
Bosnian	35
Venezuelan	20
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10
Latvian	30
Bengali	45
Cameroonian	60
Guatemalan	40
Indonesian	35
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	40
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	135
British Columbian	10
Ecuadorian	30
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	70
Kurdish	40
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	90
Coptic	0
Thai	25
Dominican	0
Nepali	130
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	10
Byelorussian	25
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	10
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10
New Zealander	30
Sudanese	45
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	35
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	20
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	25
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25
Burundian	70
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	10
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	30
Rwandan	15
Grenadian	10
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	10
Mayan	15
Honduran	0
Cherokee	40
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	55
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	30
United Empire Loyalist	100
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	40
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	10
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	30
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	15
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	135
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	25
Maliseet	310
Beninese	0
Telugu	20
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	61,835
Buddhist	225
Christian	32,295
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,815
Anabaptist	0
Anglican	3,575
Baptist	3,880
Catholic	11,775
Christian Orthodox	320
Jehovah's Witness	100
Latter Day Saints	95
Lutheran	125
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	585
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,070
Presbyterian	625
Reformed	25
United Church	3,810
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,505
Hindu	820
Jewish	160
Muslim	2,305
Sikh	190
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15
Other religions and spiritual traditions	670
No religion and secular perspectives	25,150
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	61,270
Non-movers	50,560
Movers	10,720
Non-migrants	6,910
Migrants	3,810
Internal migrants	3,175
Intraprovincial migrants	1,840
Interprovincial migrants	1,340
External migrants	635
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	59,065
Non-movers	29,730
Movers	29,335
Non-migrants	12,285
Migrants	17,050
Internal migrants	12,910
Intraprovincial migrants	8,100
Interprovincial migrants	4,805
External migrants	4,140
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,730
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,905
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,820
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,215
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,720
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	30,495
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,730
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,345
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,255
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,130
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,910
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,515
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,330
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,185
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,395
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	995
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,220
Bachelor's degree	13,080
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	895
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	420
Master's degree	4,745
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,090
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,220
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,545
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,525
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,380
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,495
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	800
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	695
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,255
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	630
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,145
Bachelor's degree	9,700
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	625
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	350
Master's degree	3,730
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	745
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	52,735
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,600
Education	2,950
13. Education	2,950
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,050
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95
50. Visual and performing arts	950
Humanities	2,425
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	165
23. English language and literature/letters	550
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	655
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	95
38. Philosophy and religious studies	175
39. Theology and religious vocations	200
54. History	495
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,510
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	380
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	490
22. Legal professions and studies	745
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115
42. Psychology	1,075
45. Social sciences	1,660
Business, management and public administration	6,675
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	630
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,020
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,605
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	675
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	345
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55
40. Physical sciences	480
41. Science technologies/technicians	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,240
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,915
25. Library science	140
27. Mathematics and statistics	170
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,005
04. Architecture and related services	135
14. Engineering	2,125
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	980
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	890
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	620
48. Precision production	260
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	905
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	305
03. Natural resources and conservation	600
Health and related fields	4,255
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	495
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,585
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	160
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,505
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	925
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25
43. Security and protective services	315
49. Transportation and materials moving	220
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	32,215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,695
Education	1,695
13. Education	1,695
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	760
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65
50. Visual and performing arts	700
Humanities	1,690
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145
23. English language and literature/letters	405
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	480
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120
39. Theology and religious vocations	115
54. History	315
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,410
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	320
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	340
22. Legal professions and studies	575
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80
42. Psychology	815
45. Social sciences	1,245
Business, management and public administration	4,825
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	460
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,355
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,115
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	475
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	240
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35
40. Physical sciences	335
41. Science technologies/technicians	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,860
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,665
25. Library science	90
27. Mathematics and statistics	90
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,480
04. Architecture and related services	90
14. Engineering	1,640
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	690
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	550
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	345
48. Precision production	160
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	640
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	230
03. Natural resources and conservation	415
Health and related fields	2,980
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	340
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,475
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,060
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	640
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20
43. Security and protective services	220
49. Transportation and materials moving	160
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	32,215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,695
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	23,520
Location of study inside Canada	20,155
Same as province or territory of residence	15,005
Different than province or territory of residence	5,150
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,370
Americas	700
United States of America	440
Mexico	55
Cuba	20
Haiti	0
Jamaica	25
Brazil	70
Colombia	20
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20
Other locations of study in Americas	50
Europe	750
Belgium	10
France	25
Germany	35
Netherlands	20
Switzerland	0
Hungary	10
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	20
Russian Federation	45
Ukraine	120
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	330
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15
Italy	20
Serbia⁸⁶	15
Other locations of study in Europe	65
Africa	420
Nigeria	55
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	160
South Africa, Republic of	20
Other locations of study in Africa	155
Asia	1,445
Iran⁸⁸	100
Iraq	15
Israel	30
Lebanon	30
Syria⁸⁹	65
Turkey	20
China⁹⁰	225
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10
Japan	0
Korea, South⁹²	75
Philippines	320
Viet Nam	30
Bangladesh	55
Sri Lanka	0
India	305
Pakistan	50
Other locations of study in Asia	115
Oceania	55
Australia	45
New Zealand	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	52,730
In the labour force	34,905
Employed	31,920
Unemployed	2,985
Not in the labour force	17,825
Participation rate	66.2
Employment rate	60.5
Unemployment rate	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	52,735
Did not work¹⁸⁶	17,985
Worked	34,740
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,535
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,200
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	34,905
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	780
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	34,130
Employee	30,680
Permanent position	24,425
Temporary position	6,260
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,180
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,075
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,445
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	34,905
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	780
All occupations¹⁹¹	34,130
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	455
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,840
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,065
3 Health occupations	2,835
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,215
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,110
6 Sales and service occupations	9,170
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,475
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	430
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	530
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	34,905
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	780
All industries¹⁹¹	34,130
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	295
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	40
22 Utilities	660
23 Construction	1,665
31-33 Manufacturing	915
41 Wholesale trade	585
44-45 Retail trade	4,180
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,095
51 Information and cultural industries	975
52 Finance and insurance	985
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	445
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,505
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,395
61 Educational services	3,720
62 Health care and social assistance	4,590
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	490
72 Accommodation and food services	2,580
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,490
91 Public administration	4,425
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	37,165
English	32,745
French	310
Non-official language	45
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	45
English and French	3,610
English and non-official language(s)	385
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	70
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	37,165
Single responses	36,615
Official languages	36,520
English	35,880
French	635
Non-official languages	95
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	95
Afro-Asiatic languages	10
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	10
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	40
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	20
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	15
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30
Chinese languages	30
Hakka	0
Mandarin	30
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	550
English and French	495
English and non-official language(s)	50
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	37,165
None	33,635
English	370
French	2,795
Non-official language	290
Indigenous³⁹	30
Non-Indigenous	265
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	10
French and non-official language(s)	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	31,920
Worked at home	6,855
Worked outside Canada	70
No fixed workplace address	3,015
Usual place of work	21,985
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	21,985
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,860
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,160
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,835
Commute to a different province or territory	125
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	24,995
Car, truck or van	21,305
Car, truck or van - as a driver	18,945
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,360
Public transit	920
Walked	1,940
Bicycle	345
Other method	490
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	24,995
Less than 15 minutes	13,790
15 to 29 minutes	8,805
30 to 44 minutes	1,430
45 to 59 minutes	395
60 minutes and over	575
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	24,995
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	695
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,485
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,190
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,910
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,200
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,510
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	11,170
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,055
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,115
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	8,210
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,550
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,100
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	450
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,665

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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