Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Sainte-Angèle-de-Mérici, Municipalité (MÉ)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove		Rosemont--La Petite-PatrieMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)] Remove
	Counts	Rates	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	989	...	112,909	...
Population, 2016¹	953	...	110,677	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.8	3.8	2.0	2.0
Total private dwellings²	519	...	64,507	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	455	...	60,429	...
Population density per square kilometre	9.2	9.2	10,546.4	10,546.4
Land area in square kilometres	107.78	...	10.71	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	990	100.0	112,910	100.0
0 to 14 years	165	16.7	15,165	13.4
0 to 4 years	60	6.1	5,265	4.7
5 to 9 years	50	5.1	5,220	4.6
10 to 14 years	55	5.6	4,675	4.1
15 to 64 years	600	60.6	81,735	72.4
15 to 19 years	50	5.1	3,870	3.4
20 to 24 years	35	3.5	6,440	5.7
25 to 29 years	55	5.6	12,230	10.8
30 to 34 years	50	5.1	12,570	11.1
35 to 39 years	65	6.6	11,165	9.9
40 to 44 years	55	5.6	9,940	8.8
45 to 49 years	45	4.5	7,225	6.4
50 to 54 years	60	6.1	6,035	5.3
55 to 59 years	80	8.1	6,235	5.5
60 to 64 years	105	10.6	6,025	5.3
65 years and over	225	22.7	16,015	14.2
65 to 69 years	85	8.6	5,100	4.5
70 to 74 years	45	4.5	4,055	3.6
75 to 79 years	50	5.1	2,765	2.4
80 to 84 years	20	2.0	1,820	1.6
85 years and over	25	2.5	2,270	2.0
85 to 89 years	15	1.5	1,375	1.2
90 to 94 years	10	1.0	650	0.6
95 to 99 years	0	0.0	220	0.2
100 years and over	0	0.0	25	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.7	16.7	13.4	13.4
15 to 64 years	60.6	60.6	72.4	72.4
65 years and over	22.7	22.7	14.2	14.2
85 years and over	2.5	2.5	2.0	2.0
Average age of the population	44.1	44.1	39.9	39.9
Median age of the population	46.8	46.8	37.6	37.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	455	100.0	60,430	100.0
Single-detached house	355	78.0	120	0.2
Semi-detached house	0	0.0	305	0.5
Row house	0	0.0	1,250	2.1
Apartment or flat in a duplex	15	3.3	8,240	13.6
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	65	14.3	45,805	75.8
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	0.0	4,105	6.8
Other single-attached house	5	1.1	580	1.0
Movable dwelling⁴	5	1.1	20	0.0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	455	100.0	60,430	100.0
1 person	165	36.3	30,540	50.5
2 persons	160	35.2	17,610	29.1
3 persons	60	13.2	6,285	10.4
4 persons	35	7.7	4,590	7.6
5 or more persons	30	6.6	1,405	2.3
Number of persons in private households	990	100.0	110,430	100.0
Average household size	2.2	2.2	1.8	1.8
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	825	100.0	97,745	100.0
Married or living common-law	470	57.0	43,630	44.6
Married	195	23.6	17,620	18.0
Living common-law	270	32.7	26,010	26.6
Living common law - Never married	235	28.5	23,430	24.0
Living common law - Separated	0	0.0	220	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	25	3.0	2,230	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	5	0.6	125	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	355	43.0	54,115	55.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	245	29.7	41,685	42.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	1.2	1,785	1.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	45	5.5	7,150	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	50	6.1	3,485	3.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	275	100.0	26,200	100.0
2 persons	165	60.0	15,410	58.8
3 persons	50	18.2	5,360	20.5
4 persons	35	12.7	4,250	16.2
5 or more persons	30	10.9	1,180	4.5
Average size of census families	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	1.8	1.6	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	280	100.0	26,205	100.0
Total couple families	230	82.1	21,310	81.3
Married couples	95	33.9	8,310	31.7
With children⁶	30	10.7	4,480	17.1
Without children	70	25.0	3,835	14.6
Common-law couples	135	48.2	13,000	49.6
With children⁶	75	26.8	4,750	18.1
Without children	60	21.4	8,250	31.5
Total one-parent families	45	16.1	4,890	18.7
in which the parent is a woman+	25	8.9	3,765	14.4
in which the parent is a man+	15	5.4	1,125	4.3
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	985	100.0	110,430	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	770	78.2	70,095	63.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	465	47.2	42,620	38.6
Parents in one-parent families	45	4.6	4,895	4.4
Children⁶	265	26.9	22,585	20.5
In a two-parent family	200	20.3	15,755	14.3
In a one-parent family	65	6.6	6,825	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	215	21.8	40,335	36.5
Living alone	170	17.3	30,540	27.7
Living with other relatives⁷	35	3.6	1,925	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	10	1.0	7,865	7.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	455	100.0	60,430	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	255	56.0	25,095	41.5
Couple-family households	215	47.3	20,625	34.1
With children⁶	100	22.0	9,005	14.9
Without children	120	26.4	11,620	19.2
One-parent-family households	40	8.8	4,465	7.4
Multigenerational households⁸	5	1.1	235	0.4
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	0.0	65	0.1
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	15	3.3	675	1.1
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	3.3	3,825	6.3
One-person households	170	37.4	30,540	50.5
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	825	100.0	95,295	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	805	97.6	92,880	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	34,400	41,600	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	805	97.6	92,915	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	30,800	36,800	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	650	78.8	84,270	88.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,200	26,200	36,800	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	525	63.6	73,335	77.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,400	27,400	38,800	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	730	88.5	75,695	79.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,200	14,200	9,500	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	165	20.0	10,780	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,550	6,550	5,520	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	215	26.1	30,330	31.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	835	100.0	95,295	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	820	98.2	92,970	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,400	37,400	52,800	52,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	820	98.2	93,005	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,900	32,900	42,960	42,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	685	82.0	84,130	88.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,600	28,600	48,520	48,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	515	61.7	73,335	77.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	30,800	49,240	49,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	745	89.2	75,430	79.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,960	14,960	10,940	10,940
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	155	18.6	10,600	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,200	7,200	7,300	7,300
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	205	24.6	30,200	31.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,500	8,950	8,950
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	835	100.0	95,300	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	150	18.0	34,735	36.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	52,000	64,000	64,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	52,000	52,000	74,100	74,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	260	31.1	32,515	34.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	18,000	19,400	19,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	25,200	29,120	29,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	63.6	63.6	83.2	83.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	52.0	52.0	73.6	73.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	36.4	36.4	16.8	16.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.6	3.6	1.6	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.3	6.3	6.1	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.0	5.0	5.5	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	825	100.0	95,300	100.0
Without total income	20	2.4	2,410	2.5
With total income	810	98.2	92,885	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	60	7.4	5,880	6.3
$10,000 to $19,999	130	16.0	9,985	10.7
$20,000 to $29,999	170	21.0	16,370	17.6
$30,000 to $39,999	115	14.2	12,525	13.5
$40,000 to $49,999	125	15.4	10,800	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	75	9.3	8,855	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	60	7.4	6,615	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	35	4.3	5,185	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	20	2.5	4,370	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0.6	3,185	3.4
$100,000 and over	20	2.5	9,110	9.8
$100,000 to $149,999	15	1.9	6,495	7.0
$150,000 and over	0	0.0	2,620	2.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	825	100.0	95,300	100.0
Without after-tax income	20	2.4	2,375	2.5
With after-tax income	810	98.2	92,920	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	60	7.4	6,145	6.6
$10,000 to $19,999	130	16.0	10,545	11.3
$20,000 to $29,999	200	24.7	19,345	20.8
$30,000 to $39,999	150	18.5	15,310	16.5
$40,000 to $49,999	120	14.8	12,795	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	85	10.5	9,260	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	30	3.7	6,770	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	10	1.2	4,445	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	10	1.2	2,795	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0.0	1,835	2.0
$100,000 and over	5	0.6	3,675	4.0
$100,000 to $124,999	5	0.6	2,085	2.2
$125,000 and over	0	0.0	1,590	1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	825	100.0	95,300	100.0
Without employment income	300	36.4	21,965	23.0
With employment income	525	63.6	73,335	77.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	80	15.2	8,680	11.8
$5,000 to $9,999	50	9.5	6,080	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	75	14.3	8,900	12.1
$20,000 to $29,999	80	15.2	7,100	9.7
$30,000 to $39,999	75	14.3	6,775	9.2
$40,000 to $49,999	45	8.6	6,845	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	40	7.6	6,025	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	30	5.7	4,925	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	30	5.7	4,190	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	10	1.9	3,715	5.1
$90,000 to $99,999	5	1.0	2,545	3.5
$100,000 and over	15	2.9	7,555	10.3
$100,000 to $124,999	5	1.0	3,715	5.1
$125,000 and over	5	1.0	3,845	5.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	825	100.0	95,295	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	790	95.8	90,715	95.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	30,000	38,400	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	795	96.4	90,745	95.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,600	27,600	34,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	625	75.8	82,485	86.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,400	26,400	37,200	37,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	525	63.6	72,280	75.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800	28,800	38,400	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	685	83.0	68,955	72.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,900	10,900	3,060	3,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	160	19.4	7,810	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,500	5,200	5,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	835	100.0	95,295	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	810	97.0	90,675	95.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,100	35,100	49,440	49,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	810	97.0	90,705	95.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	30,600	40,200	40,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	650	77.8	82,290	86.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,750	29,750	48,520	48,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	520	62.3	72,070	75.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	30,600	48,840	48,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	710	85.0	68,740	72.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,540	12,540	7,130	7,130
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	180	21.6	7,810	8.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	8,800	7,780	7,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	835	100.0	95,300	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	150	18.0	34,400	36.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	47,200	47,200	57,600	57,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	48,000	48,000	67,400	67,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	240	28.7	30,375	31.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	18,600	25,200	25,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,600	27,600	34,800	34,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	68.4	68.4	89.0	89.0
Employment income (%)	56.0	56.0	78.4	78.4
Government transfers (%)	31.4	31.4	10.9	10.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	5.5	5.5	1.4	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	455	...	60,430	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	58,000	58,000	61,600	61,600
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	52,800	52,800	53,200	53,200
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	170	...	30,540	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,200	31,200	39,200	39,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,200	29,200	34,800	34,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	285	...	29,890	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	81,000	96,000	96,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	72,000	72,000	82,000	82,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	455	...	60,430	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	67,200	67,200	81,200	81,200
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	59,200	59,200	66,100	66,100
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	170	...	30,520	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	35,600	48,080	48,080
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,400	31,400	39,800	39,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	285	...	29,910	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	86,000	115,100	115,100
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,500	75,500	92,900	92,900
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	455	100.0	60,430	100.0
Under $5,000	0	0.0	905	1.5
$5,000 to $9,999	5	1.1	620	1.0
$10,000 to $14,999	10	2.2	1,300	2.2
$15,000 to $19,999	15	3.3	2,045	3.4
$20,000 to $24,999	40	8.8	4,395	7.3
$25,000 to $29,999	25	5.5	3,075	5.1
$30,000 to $34,999	35	7.7	2,990	4.9
$35,000 to $39,999	30	6.6	3,055	5.1
$40,000 to $44,999	25	5.5	2,935	4.9
$45,000 to $49,999	25	5.5	2,910	4.8
$50,000 to $59,999	30	6.6	5,255	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	40	8.8	4,520	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	30	6.6	3,950	6.5
$80,000 to $89,999	30	6.6	3,490	5.8
$90,000 to $99,999	25	5.5	2,820	4.7
$100,000 and over	100	22.0	16,165	26.7
$100,000 to $124,999	45	9.9	5,300	8.8
$125,000 to $149,999	25	5.5	3,570	5.9
$150,000 to $199,999	20	4.4	4,055	6.7
$200,000 and over	5	1.1	3,235	5.4
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	455	100.0	60,430	100.0
Under $5,000	0	0.0	980	1.6
$5,000 to $9,999	5	1.1	635	1.1
$10,000 to $14,999	10	2.2	1,330	2.2
$15,000 to $19,999	15	3.3	2,170	3.6
$20,000 to $24,999	40	8.8	4,895	8.1
$25,000 to $29,999	30	6.6	3,800	6.3
$30,000 to $34,999	35	7.7	3,730	6.2
$35,000 to $39,999	45	9.9	3,720	6.2
$40,000 to $44,999	25	5.5	3,595	5.9
$45,000 to $49,999	15	3.3	3,425	5.7
$50,000 to $59,999	30	6.6	5,800	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	55	12.1	5,010	8.3
$70,000 to $79,999	30	6.6	4,010	6.6
$80,000 to $89,999	30	6.6	3,325	5.5
$90,000 to $99,999	25	5.5	2,715	4.5
$100,000 and over	60	13.2	11,285	18.7
$100,000 to $124,999	40	8.8	4,870	8.1
$125,000 to $149,999	15	3.3	2,865	4.7
$150,000 and over	5	1.1	3,545	5.9
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	285	...	26,765	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	81,000	99,000	99,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,000	72,000	84,000	84,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	120	...	11,850	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	67,500	93,000	93,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	62,800	79,000	79,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	100	...	9,250	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	101,000	134,000	134,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	89,000	111,000	111,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	4.0	3.7	3.7
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	4,825	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	51,200	51,200	65,500	65,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	50,400	50,400	58,800	58,800
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	180	...	38,405	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000	30,000	36,800	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,800	28,800	32,800	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	280	...	26,690	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	86,000	118,700	118,700
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,500	75,500	95,100	95,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	115	...	11,795	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	67,000	109,200	109,200
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	59,000	59,000	88,100	88,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	95	...	9,320	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	128,000	156,200	156,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	108,000	122,500	122,500
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	4,765	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	62,000	75,900	75,900
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	58,000	64,100	64,100
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	175	...	38,480	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	36,400	45,240	45,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	32,400	37,800	37,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	990	100.0	110,435	100.0
0 to 17 years	200	20.2	17,430	15.8
0 to 5 years	65	6.6	6,295	5.7
18 to 64 years	565	57.1	78,950	71.5
65 years and over	225	22.7	14,055	12.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	175	...	17,765	...
0 to 17 years	25	...	1,825	...
0 to 5 years	10	...	580	...
18 to 64 years	75	...	11,635	...
65 years and over	75	...	4,310	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.8	17.8	16.1	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	14.0	14.0	10.5	10.5
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	12.0	9.2	9.2
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	13.2	14.7	14.7
65 years and over (%)	33.0	33.0	30.7	30.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	985	100.0	110,430	100.0
0 to 17 years	200	20.3	17,430	15.8
0 to 5 years	65	6.6	6,295	5.7
18 to 64 years	570	57.9	78,945	71.5
65 years and over	220	22.3	14,055	12.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	25	...	12,025	...
0 to 17 years	0	...	930	...
0 to 5 years	0	...	290	...
18 to 64 years	25	...	9,215	...
65 years and over	0	...	1,880	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.8	10.9	10.9
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	5.3	5.3
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	4.6	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.4	4.4	11.7	11.7
65 years and over (%)	x	x	13.4	13.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	990	100.0	110,435	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	695	70.2	65,030	58.9
In bottom decile	135	13.6	16,815	15.2
In second decile	150	15.2	13,715	12.4
In third decile	150	15.2	12,550	11.4
In fourth decile	155	15.7	11,380	10.3
In fifth decile	105	10.6	10,580	9.6
In top half of the distribution	295	29.8	45,400	41.1
In sixth decile	130	13.1	9,960	9.0
In seventh decile	75	7.6	9,485	8.6
In eighth decile	55	5.6	9,625	8.7
In ninth decile	25	2.5	8,795	8.0
In top decile	0	0.0	7,535	6.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	985	985	110,430	110,430
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.256	0.256	0.350	0.350
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.448	0.448	0.464	0.464
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.221	0.221	0.300	0.300
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	2.9	4.0	4.0
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	985	100.0	111,800	100.0
English only	0	0.0	3,205	2.9
French only	855	86.8	35,440	31.7
English and French	135	13.7	72,090	64.5
Neither English nor French	0	0.0	1,070	1.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	985	100.0	111,800	100.0
English	5	0.5	9,925	8.9
French	985	100.0	96,185	86.0
English and French	5	0.5	4,660	4.2
Neither English nor French	0	0.0	1,030	0.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	985	100.0	111,800	100.0
Single responses	985	100.0	106,835	95.6
Official languages	980	99.5	88,760	79.4
English	10	1.0	5,770	5.2
French	975	99.0	82,985	74.2
Non-official languages	5	0.5	18,080	16.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0	30	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0	20	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0	15	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0	10	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0	5	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	5	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5	0.5	18,045	16.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0	3,645	3.3
Berber languages	0	0.0	800	0.7
Kabyle	0	0.0	760	0.7
Tamazight	0	0.0	35	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0	10	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	15	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	15	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0.0	2,820	2.5
Amharic	0	0.0	10	0.0
Arabic	0	0.0	2,800	2.5
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0	15	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0	1,105	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0	100	0.1
Vietnamese	0	0.0	1,005	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0	90	0.1
Bikol	0	0.0	5	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	5	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	10	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0	25	0.0
Merina	0	0.0	10	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0	15	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0	50	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0	900	0.8
Haitian Creole	0	0.0	625	0.6
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0	20	0.0
Sango	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0	245	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	5	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0	130	0.1
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	15	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	90	0.1
Telugu	0	0.0	25	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0.0	10,125	9.1
Albanian	0	0.0	35	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	30	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0.0	1,175	1.1
Baltic languages	0	0.0	20	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	5	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	15	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0.0	1,160	1.0
Belarusian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	130	0.1
Czech	0	0.0	35	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0	310	0.3
Russian	0	0.0	370	0.3
Rusyn	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0	105	0.1
Bosnian	0	0.0	20	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0	20	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0	60	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	5	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	15	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	10	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0	180	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Irish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	5	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0	285	0.3
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0	180	0.2
German	0	0.0	175	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0	10	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0	70	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0.0	5	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0	60	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	5	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0	35	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	10	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	5	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	10	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0	140	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0	515	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0	350	0.3
Assamese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	75	0.1
Gujarati	0	0.0	65	0.1
Hindi	0	0.0	35	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	5	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	5	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	100	0.1
Rohingya	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	5	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0	50	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0	160	0.1
Baluchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	10	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	5	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0	150	0.1
Dari	0	0.0	20	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0	115	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0	20	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0.0	7,940	7.1
Catalan	0	0.0	20	0.0
Italian	0	0.0	1,235	1.1
Portuguese	0	0.0	1,435	1.3
Romanian	0	0.0	245	0.2
Spanish	0	0.0	5,005	4.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0	100	0.1
Korean	0	0.0	65	0.1
Mongolian	0	0.0	5	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0	465	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0	30	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0	15	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0	45	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0	40	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0	70	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0	5	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0	5	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0	30	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	5	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0	5	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0	20	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0	30	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0	80	0.1
Yoruba	0	0.0	10	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	70	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	10	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0	40	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0	30	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	10	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0.0	1,150	1.0
Chinese languages	0	0.0	1,145	1.0
Hakka	0	0.0	5	0.0
Mandarin	0	0.0	650	0.6
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	55	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	5	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0	415	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	20	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	5	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	5	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0	60	0.1
Lao	0	0.0	35	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	25	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0	110	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0	105	0.1
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0	30	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	5	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0	25	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	5	0.0
Multiple responses	5	0.5	4,965	4.4
English and French	5	0.5	1,920	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	435	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	2,075	1.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	365	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	160	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	985	100.0	111,800	100.0
English	5	0.5	4,975	4.4
French	965	98.0	77,460	69.3
Non-official language	0	0.0	4,835	4.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0	5	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0.0	4,825	4.3
English and French	15	1.5	9,915	8.9
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	1,655	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	7,830	7.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0.5	4,895	4.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	230	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	985	100.0	111,800	100.0
Single responses	985	100.0	105,685	94.5
Official languages	985	100.0	96,860	86.6
English	5	0.5	8,380	7.5
French	980	99.5	88,480	79.1
Non-official languages	0	0.0	8,820	7.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0	10	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0	5	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0.0	8,810	7.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0	1,425	1.3
Berber languages	0	0.0	360	0.3
Kabyle	0	0.0	340	0.3
Tamazight	0	0.0	20	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	5	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0.0	1,060	0.9
Amharic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arabic	0	0.0	1,055	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0	5	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0	720	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0	30	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0	690	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0	15	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Merina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0	15	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0	350	0.3
Haitian Creole	0	0.0	265	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0	85	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0	105	0.1
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	10	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	70	0.1
Telugu	0	0.0	30	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0.0	5,090	4.6
Albanian	0	0.0	25	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	15	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0.0	510	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0.0	510	0.5
Belarusian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	65	0.1
Czech	0	0.0	5	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0	115	0.1
Russian	0	0.0	200	0.2
Rusyn	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0	45	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0	5	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0	10	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0	35	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	10	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	5	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0	70	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0	60	0.1
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0	30	0.0
German	0	0.0	30	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0	15	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0	15	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	5	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	5	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0	60	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0	280	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0	210	0.2
Assamese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	45	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	35	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0	20	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	75	0.1
Rohingya	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	5	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0	20	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0	70	0.1
Baluchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	5	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0	65	0.1
Dari	0	0.0	5	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0	50	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0	10	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0.0	4,145	3.7
Catalan	0	0.0	5	0.0
Italian	0	0.0	405	0.4
Portuguese	0	0.0	765	0.7
Romanian	0	0.0	80	0.1
Spanish	0	0.0	2,890	2.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0	25	0.0
Korean	0	0.0	30	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0	115	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0	5	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0	15	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0	5	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0	15	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0	5	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0	15	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0	5	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0	25	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	10	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0	55	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0	5	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0	40	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	10	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0.0	785	0.7
Chinese languages	0	0.0	780	0.7
Hakka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0.0	470	0.4
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	25	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0	275	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	10	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0	15	0.0
Lao	0	0.0	5	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	5	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0	55	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0	55	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	5	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0	5	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple responses	0	0.0	6,120	5.5
English and French	0	0.0	2,475	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	465	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	2,520	2.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	620	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	40	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	990	100.0	111,800	100.0
None	970	98.0	92,135	82.4
English	10	1.0	6,820	6.1
French	0	0.0	4,235	3.8
Non-official language	0	0.0	4,760	4.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0	15	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0.0	4,745	4.2
English and French	0	0.0	870	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	1,725	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	820	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	90	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	350	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	990	100.0	110,430	100.0
Official languages	990	100.0	109,405	99.1
English	150	15.2	74,845	67.8
French	990	100.0	106,195	96.2
Non-official languages	0	0.0	33,850	30.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0	50	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0	35	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0	30	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0	15	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	10	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0.0	33,810	30.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0	5,920	5.4
Berber languages	0	0.0	1,255	1.1
Kabyle	0	0.0	1,110	1.0
Tamazight	0	0.0	175	0.2
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	30	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	25	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0	10	0.0
Mina	0	0.0	15	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	30	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	30	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0.0	5,330	4.8
Amharic	0	0.0	10	0.0
Arabic	0	0.0	5,260	4.8
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0	55	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0	1,450	1.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0	110	0.1
Vietnamese	0	0.0	1,350	1.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0	215	0.2
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	10	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	10	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	30	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0	50	0.0
Merina	0	0.0	20	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0	30	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	15	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0	115	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	10	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0	2,205	2.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0	1,955	1.8
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0	80	0.1
Sango	0	0.0	15	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0	350	0.3
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	65	0.1
Dravidian languages	0	0.0	235	0.2
Kannada	0	0.0	15	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	20	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	165	0.1
Telugu	0	0.0	50	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0.0	21,900	19.8
Albanian	0	0.0	30	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	95	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0.0	1,605	1.5
Baltic languages	0	0.0	15	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	15	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0.0	1,590	1.4
Belarusian	0	0.0	10	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	165	0.1
Czech	0	0.0	40	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0	350	0.3
Russian	0	0.0	805	0.7
Rusyn	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0	170	0.2
Bosnian	0	0.0	30	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0	90	0.1
Serbian	0	0.0	95	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	15	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0	280	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0	1,595	1.4
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0	1,395	1.3
German	0	0.0	1,385	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0	10	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0	155	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0.0	10	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0	135	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	20	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0	110	0.1
Danish	0	0.0	30	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	10	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	20	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	55	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0	305	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0	780	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0	540	0.5
Assamese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	110	0.1
Gujarati	0	0.0	120	0.1
Hindi	0	0.0	290	0.3
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	15	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	140	0.1
Rohingya	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	35	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0	55	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0	245	0.2
Baluchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	20	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	10	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0	215	0.2
Dari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0	140	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0	75	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0.0	18,430	16.7
Catalan	0	0.0	70	0.1
Italian	0	0.0	2,880	2.6
Portuguese	0	0.0	2,395	2.2
Romanian	0	0.0	345	0.3
Spanish	0	0.0	14,355	13.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	35	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	15	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0	310	0.3
Korean	0	0.0	120	0.1
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0	995	0.9
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	10	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0	90	0.1
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0	30	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0	100	0.1
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0	60	0.1
Lingala	0	0.0	230	0.2
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0	10	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0	15	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0	35	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0	15	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0	80	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0.0	10	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0	185	0.2
Yoruba	0	0.0	60	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	165	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	20	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	20	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0	235	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0.0	45	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0	200	0.2
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	30	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0.0	1,460	1.3
Chinese languages	0	0.0	1,455	1.3
Hakka	0	0.0	10	0.0
Mandarin	0	0.0	1,025	0.9
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	65	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0	590	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	10	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0	60	0.1
Lao	0	0.0	50	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	20	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0	155	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0	145	0.1
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0	70	0.1
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	25	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0	45	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	15	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	990	100.0	110,435	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10	1.0	1,225	1.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0.0	1,135	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0.0	615	0.6
Métis	0	0.0	500	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0.0	10	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0.0	30	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0.0	65	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	975	98.5	109,210	98.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	990	100.0	110,435	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0.0	270	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	985	99.5	110,155	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	455	100.0	60,430	100.0
Owner	345	75.8	18,965	31.4
Renter	110	24.2	41,465	68.6
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	455	100.0	60,430	100.0
Condominium	20	4.4	12,755	21.1
Not condominium	430	94.5	47,680	78.9
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	455	100.0	60,430	100.0
No bedrooms	0	0.0	1,470	2.4
1 bedroom	55	12.1	25,205	41.7
2 bedrooms	115	25.3	21,845	36.1
3 bedrooms	125	27.5	9,390	15.5
4 or more bedrooms	155	34.1	2,515	4.2
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	455	100.0	60,430	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	120	26.4	38,745	64.1
5 rooms	60	13.2	10,765	17.8
6 rooms	85	18.7	5,270	8.7
7 rooms	50	11.0	2,510	4.2
8 or more rooms	140	30.8	3,145	5.2
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	6.3	4.2	4.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	455	100.0	60,430	100.0
One person or fewer per room	450	98.9	59,785	98.9
More than one person per room	0	0.0	645	1.1
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	455	100.0	60,430	100.0
Suitable	445	97.8	57,780	95.6
Not suitable	10	2.2	2,650	4.4
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	455	100.0	60,430	100.0
1960 or before	255	56.0	30,870	51.1
1961 to 1980	130	28.6	12,540	20.8
1981 to 1990	60	13.2	4,910	8.1
1991 to 2000	0	0.0	3,140	5.2
2001 to 2005	0	0.0	1,825	3.0
2006 to 2010	0	0.0	1,895	3.1
2011 to 2015	0	0.0	2,675	4.4
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	0.0	2,580	4.3
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	455	100.0	60,430	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	395	86.8	54,545	90.3
Major repairs needed	60	13.2	5,885	9.7
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	455	100.0	60,430	100.0
One-maintainer household	285	62.6	38,150	63.1
Two-maintainer household	155	34.1	20,880	34.6
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	3.3	1,395	2.3
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	455	100.0	60,430	100.0
15 to 24 years	10	2.2	2,635	4.4
25 to 34 years	30	6.6	14,890	24.6
35 to 44 years	65	14.3	13,815	22.9
45 to 54 years	55	12.1	9,230	15.3
55 to 64 years	120	26.4	8,780	14.5
65 to 74 years	90	19.8	6,725	11.1
75 to 84 years	50	11.0	2,945	4.9
85 years and over	30	6.6	1,405	2.3
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	440	100.0	60,030	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	390	88.6	45,715	76.2
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	55	12.5	14,320	23.9
30% to less than 100%	50	11.4	12,945	21.6
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	455	100.0	60,430	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	110	24.2	20,780	34.4
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	40	8.8	12,575	20.8
Not suitable only	15	3.3	1,985	3.3
Major repairs needed only	45	9.9	4,190	6.9
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	0.0	335	0.6
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	15	3.3	1,360	2.3
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	0.0	280	0.5
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	0.0	50	0.1
Acceptable housing	350	76.9	39,650	65.6
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	435	100.0	58,655	100.0
In core need	70	16.1	6,550	11.2
Not in core need	365	83.9	52,100	88.8
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	335	...	18,965	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.7	53.7	71.8	71.8
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.9	11.9	16.7	16.7
% in core housing need⁶³	15.2	15.2	2.9	2.9
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	568	568	1,570	1,570
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	636	636	1,666	1,666
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	125,000	125,000	552,000	552,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	146,000	146,000	600,000	600,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	105	...	41,465	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	0.0	7.8	7.8
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	0.0	27.1	27.1
% in core housing need⁶³	23.8	23.8	15.0	15.0
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	508	508	850	850
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	530	530	930	930
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	985	100.0	110,435	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	50	5.1	850	0.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	50	5.1	835	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	50	5.1	730	0.7
Métis single ancestry	0	0.0	105	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0.0	10	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0.0	10	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	40	4.1	3,505	3.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	40	4.1	3,465	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	4.1	3,230	2.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	225	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	10	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0.0	45	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	25	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	900	91.4	106,075	96.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	990	100.0	110,430	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	985	99.5	97,145	88.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	195	19.7	16,270	14.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	790	79.8	80,875	73.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	0	0.0	13,285	12.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	990	100.0	110,430	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	985	99.5	81,605	73.9
Immigrants⁸¹	0	0.0	21,940	19.9
Before 1980	0	0.0	2,680	2.4
1980 to 1990	0	0.0	2,325	2.1
1991 to 2000	0	0.0	3,335	3.0
2001 to 2010	0	0.0	5,455	4.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	0	0.0	8,150	7.4
2011 to 2015	0	0.0	3,780	3.4
2016 to 2021	0	0.0	4,365	4.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0.0	6,890	6.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	0	0.0	21,935	100.0
Under 5 years	0	0.0	1,740	7.9
5 to 14 years	0	0.0	2,945	13.4
15 to 24 years	0	0.0	3,340	15.2
25 to 44 years	0	0.0	12,665	57.7
45 years and over	0	0.0	1,250	5.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	0	0.0	21,935	100.0
Americas	0	0.0	5,440	24.8
Brazil	0	0.0	275	1.3
Colombia	0	0.0	565	2.6
El Salvador	0	0.0	255	1.2
Guyana	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0	1,335	6.1
Jamaica	0	0.0	20	0.1
Mexico	0	0.0	545	2.5
Peru	0	0.0	505	2.3
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0.0	25	0.1
United States of America	0	0.0	385	1.8
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0.0	1,545	7.0
Europe	0	0.0	8,875	40.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0	40	0.2
Croatia	0	0.0	25	0.1
France	0	0.0	5,415	24.7
Germany	0	0.0	175	0.8
Greece	0	0.0	70	0.3
Hungary	0	0.0	25	0.1
Italy	0	0.0	520	2.4
Netherlands	0	0.0	25	0.1
Poland	0	0.0	205	0.9
Portugal	0	0.0	765	3.5
Romania	0	0.0	235	1.1
Russian Federation	0	0.0	200	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0	40	0.2
Ukraine	0	0.0	185	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0.0	150	0.7
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0.0	795	3.6
Africa	0	0.0	4,630	21.1
Algeria	0	0.0	1,880	8.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0	180	0.8
Egypt	0	0.0	95	0.4
Eritrea	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morocco	0	0.0	920	4.2
Nigeria	0	0.0	10	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0	25	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0.0	1,515	6.9
Asia	0	0.0	2,940	13.4
Afghanistan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0	85	0.4
Iraq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0	260	1.2
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0	90	0.4
Turkey	0	0.0	50	0.2
China⁹⁰	0	0.0	610	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0	65	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0	70	0.3
Taiwan	0	0.0	55	0.3
Philippines	0	0.0	105	0.5
Viet Nam	0	0.0	870	4.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0	50	0.2
India	0	0.0	135	0.6
Pakistan	0	0.0	25	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0.0	95	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0.0	380	1.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0.0	55	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0.0	4,370	100.0
Americas	0	0.0	615	14.1
Brazil	0	0.0	65	1.5
Colombia	0	0.0	85	1.9
Haiti	0	0.0	90	2.1
Jamaica	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mexico	0	0.0	80	1.8
United States of America	0	0.0	80	1.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0	70	1.6
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0.0	145	3.3
Europe	0	0.0	2,070	47.4
France	0	0.0	1,755	40.2
Germany	0	0.0	25	0.6
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0	40	0.9
Russian Federation	0	0.0	10	0.2
Ukraine	0	0.0	25	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0.0	30	0.7
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0.0	190	4.3
Africa	0	0.0	1,295	29.6
Algeria	0	0.0	575	13.2
Burundi	0	0.0	15	0.3
Cameroon	0	0.0	40	0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0	45	1.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0.0	40	0.9
Egypt	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morocco	0	0.0	175	4.0
Nigeria	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0	10	0.2
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0	10	0.2
Tunisia	0	0.0	245	5.6
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0.0	140	3.2
Asia	0	0.0	355	8.1
Afghanistan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0.0	100	2.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0	0	0.0
India	0	0.0	15	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0	20	0.5
Jordan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0	15	0.3
Lebanon	0	0.0	15	0.3
Nepal	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Philippines	0	0.0	35	0.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0	25	0.6
Turkey	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0.0	10	0.2
Viet Nam	0	0.0	60	1.4
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0.0	25	0.6
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0.0	25	0.6
Australia	0	0.0	25	0.6
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	990	100.0	110,430	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	0	0.0	30,045	27.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	0	0.0	16,135	14.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	985	99.5	64,255	58.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	0	0.0	19,260	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	0	0.0	12,275	63.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	0	0.0	7,490	38.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	0	0.0	4,785	24.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	0	0.0	4,725	24.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0.0	2,045	10.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0.0	215	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	0	0.0	19,260	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0.0	1,485	7.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0.0	3,640	18.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0.0	680	3.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0.0	1,865	9.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0.0	215	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	0	0.0	11,365	59.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	990	100.0	110,430	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	0	0.0	20,510	18.6
South Asian	0	0.0	980	0.9
Chinese	0	0.0	1,455	1.3
Black	0	0.0	5,650	5.1
Filipino	0	0.0	200	0.2
Arab	0	0.0	4,025	3.6
Latin American	0	0.0	4,795	4.3
Southeast Asian	0	0.0	1,875	1.7
West Asian	0	0.0	230	0.2
Korean	0	0.0	170	0.2
Japanese	0	0.0	200	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0.0	185	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	0	0.0	740	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	990	100.0	89,920	81.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	990	100.0	110,430	100.0
Canadian	420	42.4	19,145	17.3
English	30	3.0	2,785	2.5
Irish	0	0.0	6,490	5.9
Scottish	20	2.0	3,225	2.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	245	24.7	38,365	34.7
German	0	0.0	2,295	2.1
Chinese	0	0.0	1,815	1.6
Italian	0	0.0	6,150	5.6
Indian (India)	0	0.0	750	0.7
Ukrainian	0	0.0	845	0.8
Dutch	0	0.0	440	0.4
Polish	0	0.0	1,385	1.3
Québécois	110	11.1	11,755	10.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0.0	655	0.6
Filipino	0	0.0	235	0.2
French Canadian	155	15.7	6,215	5.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	20	2.0	1,715	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	30	3.0	1,965	1.8
Métis	0	0.0	380	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	20	2.0	1,795	1.6
Russian	0	0.0	725	0.7
Norwegian	0	0.0	190	0.2
Welsh	0	0.0	180	0.2
Portuguese	0	0.0	2,130	1.9
American	0	0.0	880	0.8
Spanish	0	0.0	2,655	2.4
Swedish	0	0.0	180	0.2
Hungarian	0	0.0	325	0.3
Acadian	0	0.0	1,415	1.3
Pakistani	0	0.0	40	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0.0	1,085	1.0
Jewish	0	0.0	565	0.5
Punjabi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0	1,630	1.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0.0	1,745	1.6
Greek	0	0.0	695	0.6
Jamaican	0	0.0	80	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0.0	240	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0.0	85	0.1
Korean	0	0.0	180	0.2
Romanian	0	0.0	550	0.5
Lebanese	0	0.0	755	0.7
Iranian	0	0.0	180	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0.0	350	0.3
Danish	0	0.0	130	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0.0	370	0.3
Sikh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austrian	0	0.0	250	0.2
Belgian	0	0.0	1,430	1.3
Haitian	0	0.0	2,535	2.3
Hindu	0	0.0	40	0.0
Mexican	0	0.0	1,040	0.9
Mennonite	0	0.0	35	0.0
Swiss	0	0.0	615	0.6
Finnish	0	0.0	65	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0.0	155	0.1
Croatian	0	0.0	130	0.1
Japanese	0	0.0	235	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	6.1	300	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0.0	120	0.1
Muslim	0	0.0	150	0.1
Egyptian	0	0.0	405	0.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0.0	550	0.5
Tamil	0	0.0	50	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	45	0.0
Colombian	0	0.0	885	0.8
Moroccan	0	0.0	1,145	1.0
Czech	0	0.0	155	0.1
Syrian	0	0.0	235	0.2
Guyanese	0	0.0	30	0.0
Afghan	0	0.0	15	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0.0	155	0.1
Serbian	0	0.0	80	0.1
Ojibway	0	0.0	20	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0.0	15	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0.0	50	0.0
Ontarian	0	0.0	65	0.1
Persian	0	0.0	85	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0.0	85	0.1
Turkish	0	0.0	190	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0.0	35	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0.0	85	0.1
Algerian	0	0.0	1,900	1.7
Brazilian	0	0.0	320	0.3
Nigerian	0	0.0	45	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	260	0.2
Slovak	0	0.0	70	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0.0	120	0.1
Somali	0	0.0	35	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0.0	40	0.0
Iraqi	0	0.0	15	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0.0	385	0.3
African Caribbean	0	0.0	145	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0.0	55	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0.0	100	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0.0	95	0.1
Algonquin	0	0.0	245	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0.0	10	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	115	0.1
South African	0	0.0	30	0.0
Australian	0	0.0	95	0.1
Palestinian	0	0.0	50	0.0
Chilean	0	0.0	635	0.6
Congolese	0	0.0	370	0.3
Nova Scotian	0	0.0	15	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0.0	20	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0.0	145	0.1
Peruvian	0	0.0	800	0.7
Yoruba	0	0.0	20	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0.0	260	0.2
Berber	0	0.0	1,050	1.0
Albanian	0	0.0	50	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	35	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	20	0.0
Slovenian	0	0.0	55	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0.0	215	0.2
New Brunswicker	0	0.0	90	0.1
Gujarati	0	0.0	15	0.0
Eritrean	0	0.0	0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0.0	30	0.0
Israeli	0	0.0	25	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	135	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0.0	50	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	180	0.2
Albertan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0.0	10	0.0
Barbadian	0	0.0	40	0.0
African American	0	0.0	25	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0.0	45	0.0
Tunisian	0	0.0	805	0.7
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0.0	55	0.0
Cuban	0	0.0	380	0.3
Bosnian	0	0.0	25	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0.0	305	0.3
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0.0	230	0.2
Latvian	0	0.0	20	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	60	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0.0	120	0.1
Guatemalan	0	0.0	280	0.3
Indonesian	0	0.0	25	0.0
Laotian	0	0.0	125	0.1
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0.0	30	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0.0	70	0.1
British Columbian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0.0	70	0.1
Franco Ontarian	0	0.0	55	0.0
Argentinian	0	0.0	220	0.2
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	20	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jatt	0	0.0	0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0.0	50	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	50	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	75	0.1
Dominican	0	0.0	320	0.3
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0	540	0.5
Assyrian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0.0	35	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0	0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0.0	0	0.0
Abenaki	10	1.0	310	0.3
Moldovan	0	0.0	40	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0.0	105	0.1
New Zealander	0	0.0	20	0.0
Sudanese	0	0.0	50	0.0
Breton	0	0.0	515	0.5
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0.0	20	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0.0	200	0.2
Huron (Wendat)	10	1.0	215	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0.0	175	0.2
Norman	0	0.0	280	0.3
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0.0	105	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0.0	15	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0.0	25	0.0
Burundian	0	0.0	45	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0.0	85	0.1
Mauritian	0	0.0	95	0.1
Kenyan	0	0.0	10	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0.0	20	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0.0	75	0.1
Grenadian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0.0	10	0.0
Mayan	0	0.0	60	0.1
Honduran	0	0.0	70	0.1
Cherokee	0	0.0	0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Flemish	0	0.0	35	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0.0	0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0.0	235	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0.0	90	0.1
Pashtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Goan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0.0	85	0.1
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0.0	15	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	15	0.0
Azorean	0	0.0	75	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0.0	55	0.0
Bamileke	0	0.0	30	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0.0	0	0.0
Central African	0	0.0	80	0.1
Libyan	0	0.0	10	0.0
Basque	0	0.0	130	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0.0	35	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0.0	15	0.0
Igorot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulani	0	0.0	95	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Guinean	0	0.0	60	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0.0	10	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0	0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0.0	15	0.0
Beninese	0	0.0	135	0.1
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Roma	0	0.0	10	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0.0	55	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0.0	140	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tajik	0	0.0	0	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0	0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	990	100.0	110,435	100.0
Buddhist	0	0.0	1,155	1.0
Christian	860	86.9	46,265	41.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	50	5.1	3,940	3.6
Anabaptist	0	0.0	15	0.0
Anglican	0	0.0	155	0.1
Baptist	0	0.0	280	0.3
Catholic	805	81.3	39,145	35.4
Christian Orthodox	0	0.0	1,125	1.0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0.0	185	0.2
Latter Day Saints	0	0.0	35	0.0
Lutheran	0	0.0	45	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0.0	35	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0.0	170	0.2
Presbyterian	0	0.0	45	0.0
Reformed	0	0.0	45	0.0
United Church	0	0.0	75	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0.0	975	0.9
Hindu	0	0.0	395	0.4
Jewish	0	0.0	385	0.3
Muslim	0	0.0	6,130	5.6
Sikh	0	0.0	45	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0.0	10	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0.0	685	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	130	13.1	55,365	50.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	980	100.0	109,375	100.0
Non-movers	895	91.3	91,535	83.7
Movers	90	9.2	17,835	16.3
Non-migrants	25	2.6	14,020	12.8
Migrants	65	6.6	3,815	3.5
Internal migrants	65	6.6	2,370	2.2
Intraprovincial migrants	65	6.6	1,875	1.7
Interprovincial migrants	0	0.0	490	0.4
External migrants	0	0.0	1,450	1.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	925	100.0	105,085	100.0
Non-movers	620	67.0	52,625	50.1
Movers	300	32.4	52,460	49.9
Non-migrants	55	5.9	32,810	31.2
Migrants	245	26.5	19,650	18.7
Internal migrants	245	26.5	11,200	10.7
Intraprovincial migrants	240	25.9	9,730	9.3
Interprovincial migrants	0	0.0	1,480	1.4
External migrants	0	0.0	8,445	8.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	835	100.0	95,300	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	300	35.9	11,880	12.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	535	64.1	83,420	87.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	490	100.0	71,020	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	125	25.5	5,405	7.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	365	74.5	65,615	92.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	835	100.0	95,295	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	265	31.7	10,535	11.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	195	23.4	14,340	15.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	375	44.9	70,425	73.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	325	38.9	27,330	28.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	220	26.3	7,845	8.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	170	20.4	5,890	6.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	50	6.0	1,960	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	95	11.4	15,260	16.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	1.8	4,220	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	40	4.8	43,095	45.2
Bachelor's degree	15	1.8	23,280	24.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0.0	4,015	4.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0.0	720	0.8
Master's degree	20	2.4	13,010	13.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0.0	2,065	2.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	495	100.0	71,015	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	105	21.2	4,430	6.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	120	24.2	7,770	10.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	270	54.5	58,815	82.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	225	45.5	20,770	29.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	155	31.3	6,255	8.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	130	26.3	4,715	6.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	5.1	1,540	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	70	14.1	11,255	15.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0.0	3,260	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	40	8.1	38,045	53.6
Bachelor's degree	10	2.0	19,985	28.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0.0	3,625	5.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0.0	660	0.9
Master's degree	20	4.0	11,960	16.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0.0	1,820	2.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	835	100.0	95,295	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	465	55.7	24,875	26.1
Education	10	1.2	3,845	4.0
13. Education	10	1.2	3,845	4.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0.0	8,600	9.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0.0	1,060	1.1
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0.0	7,535	7.9
Humanities	0	0.0	6,340	6.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0.0	1,055	1.1
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0.0	330	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0.0	2,375	2.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0.0	75	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0.0	430	0.5
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0.0	95	0.1
54. History	0	0.0	685	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0.0	1,295	1.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	1.2	11,875	12.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0.0	175	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0.0	3,120	3.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0.0	835	0.9
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0.0	1,945	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0.0	435	0.5
42. Psychology	10	1.2	1,620	1.7
45. Social sciences	0	0.0	3,750	3.9
Business, management and public administration	50	6.0	13,780	14.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	1.2	1,185	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40	4.8	12,590	13.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	2.4	2,915	3.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	1.2	1,240	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0.0	460	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0.0	320	0.3
40. Physical sciences	10	1.2	745	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0.0	150	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0.0	3,935	4.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0.0	3,130	3.3
25. Library science	0	0.0	340	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0.0	355	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0.0	110	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	115	13.8	9,385	9.8
04. Architecture and related services	0	0.0	1,235	1.3
14. Engineering	0	0.0	3,960	4.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	1.8	1,260	1.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0	25	0.0
46. Construction trades	55	6.6	1,310	1.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	30	3.6	785	0.8
48. Precision production	15	1.8	815	0.9
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	45	5.4	890	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	30	3.6	535	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	1.8	360	0.4
Health and related fields	70	8.4	6,230	6.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0.0	540	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65	7.8	5,390	5.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0	0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0	295	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	50	6.0	2,600	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	1.8	1,715	1.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0	15	0.0
43. Security and protective services	0	0.0	430	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	30	3.6	435	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0	25	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	495	100.0	71,020	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	230	46.5	12,200	17.2
Education	10	2.0	3,030	4.3
13. Education	10	2.0	3,030	4.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0.0	7,350	10.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0.0	915	1.3
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0.0	6,435	9.1
Humanities	0	0.0	4,740	6.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0.0	860	1.2
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0.0	265	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0.0	1,555	2.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0.0	45	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0.0	355	0.5
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0.0	50	0.1
54. History	0	0.0	565	0.8
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0.0	1,050	1.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	0	0.0	10,095	14.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0.0	140	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0.0	2,760	3.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0.0	700	1.0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0.0	1,660	2.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0.0	335	0.5
42. Psychology	0	0.0	1,335	1.9
45. Social sciences	0	0.0	3,175	4.5
Business, management and public administration	35	7.1	11,820	16.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	2.0	1,000	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	25	5.1	10,820	15.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	4.0	2,160	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	2.0	1,070	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0.0	275	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0.0	95	0.1
40. Physical sciences	10	2.0	600	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0.0	125	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0.0	3,405	4.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0.0	2,795	3.9
25. Library science	0	0.0	255	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0.0	270	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0.0	85	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	85	17.2	8,155	11.5
04. Architecture and related services	0	0.0	1,135	1.6
14. Engineering	0	0.0	3,620	5.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	2.0	1,030	1.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0	25	0.0
46. Construction trades	50	10.1	1,055	1.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20	4.0	635	0.9
48. Precision production	10	2.0	650	0.9
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	35	7.1	820	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	20	4.0	490	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	3.0	330	0.5
Health and related fields	40	8.1	5,020	7.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0.0	455	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	7.1	4,285	6.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0	0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0	280	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	40	8.1	2,195	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	2.0	1,445	2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0	15	0.0
43. Security and protective services	0	0.0	370	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	30	6.1	375	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0	20	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	495	100.0	71,020	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	230	46.5	12,200	17.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	270	54.5	58,815	82.8
Location of study inside Canada	270	54.5	47,140	66.4
Same as province or territory of residence	265	53.5	45,345	63.8
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0.0	1,795	2.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	0	0.0	11,680	16.4
Americas	0	0.0	1,835	2.6
United States of America	0	0.0	525	0.7
Mexico	0	0.0	325	0.5
Cuba	0	0.0	105	0.1
Haiti	0	0.0	85	0.1
Jamaica	0	0.0	0	0.0
Brazil	0	0.0	180	0.3
Colombia	0	0.0	235	0.3
Peru	0	0.0	70	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0	80	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0.0	220	0.3
Europe	0	0.0	6,980	9.8
Belgium	0	0.0	250	0.4
France	0	0.0	5,570	7.8
Germany	0	0.0	55	0.1
Netherlands	0	0.0	25	0.0
Switzerland	0	0.0	95	0.1
Hungary	0	0.0	10	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0.0	45	0.1
Poland	0	0.0	55	0.1
Romania	0	0.0	65	0.1
Russian Federation	0	0.0	55	0.1
Ukraine	0	0.0	65	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0	15	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0.0	320	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0	90	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0	10	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0.0	245	0.3
Africa	0	0.0	1,875	2.6
Nigeria	0	0.0	25	0.0
Algeria	0	0.0	900	1.3
Morocco	0	0.0	270	0.4
Tunisia	0	0.0	295	0.4
Egypt	0	0.0	35	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0	25	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0.0	330	0.5
Asia	0	0.0	910	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0	45	0.1
Iraq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0	15	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0	55	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0	30	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0	15	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0.0	265	0.4
Taiwan	0	0.0	15	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0	10	0.0
Japan	0	0.0	55	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0	45	0.1
Philippines	0	0.0	25	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0	80	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0.0	25	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0	0	0.0
India	0	0.0	155	0.2
Pakistan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0.0	75	0.1
Oceania	0	0.0	85	0.1
Australia	0	0.0	70	0.1
New Zealand	0	0.0	10	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	835	...	95,295	...
In the labour force	385	...	69,260	...
Employed	360	...	63,520	...
Unemployed	25	...	5,740	...
Not in the labour force	445	...	26,035	...
Participation rate	46.1	46.1	72.7	72.7
Employment rate	43.1	43.1	66.7	66.7
Unemployment rate	6.5	6.5	8.3	8.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	835	100.0	95,295	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	395	47.3	25,610	26.9
Worked	435	52.1	69,690	73.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	165	19.8	35,485	37.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	270	32.3	34,205	35.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	36.9	36.9	40.8	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	385	100.0	69,260	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	2.6	1,350	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	380	98.7	67,915	98.1
Employee	300	77.9	58,145	84.0
Permanent position	235	61.0	47,305	68.3
Temporary position	70	18.2	10,840	15.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	10	2.6	4,770	6.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	55	14.3	6,075	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	80	20.8	9,765	14.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	385	100.0	69,260	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	2.6	1,350	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	380	98.7	67,915	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0.0	1,220	1.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	30	7.8	13,145	19.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	30	7.8	7,985	11.5
3 Health occupations	35	9.1	4,855	7.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	35	9.1	11,640	16.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0.0	7,950	11.5
6 Sales and service occupations	95	24.7	14,175	20.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	90	23.4	5,175	7.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	25	6.5	330	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	35	9.1	1,445	2.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	385	100.0	69,260	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	2.6	1,350	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	380	98.7	67,915	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	30	7.8	280	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0.0	65	0.1
22 Utilities	0	0.0	540	0.8
23 Construction	25	6.5	2,215	3.2
31-33 Manufacturing	70	18.2	3,740	5.4
41 Wholesale trade	10	2.6	1,490	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	20	5.2	6,135	8.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	35	9.1	1,990	2.9
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0.0	5,295	7.6
52 Finance and insurance	15	3.9	3,080	4.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0.0	1,050	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15	3.9	10,050	14.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0.0	95	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	2.6	2,220	3.2
61 Educational services	20	5.2	7,490	10.8
62 Health care and social assistance	45	11.7	8,875	12.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0.0	2,810	4.1
72 Accommodation and food services	30	7.8	3,525	5.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0.0	3,380	4.9
91 Public administration	20	5.2	3,605	5.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	470	100.0	73,205	100.0
English	0	0.0	4,645	6.3
French	420	89.4	38,545	52.7
Non-official language	0	0.0	175	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0.0	175	0.2
English and French	40	8.5	27,820	38.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	180	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	375	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	1,440	2.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	15	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	470	100.0	73,205	100.0
Single responses	465	98.9	68,125	93.1
Official languages	460	97.9	67,760	92.6
English	0	0.0	10,580	14.5
French	460	97.9	57,180	78.1
Non-official languages	0	0.0	365	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0.0	365	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0	20	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0.0	20	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arabic	0	0.0	10	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0	65	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0	65	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0.0	180	0.2
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0.0	20	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0.0	20	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0	10	0.0
Russian	0	0.0	10	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0	15	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
German	0	0.0	10	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0.0	145	0.2
Catalan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0	10	0.0
Portuguese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Romanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Spanish	0	0.0	125	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0	10	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0.0	85	0.1
Chinese languages	0	0.0	85	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0.0	65	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0	20	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple responses	0	0.0	5,085	6.9
English and French	0	0.0	4,755	6.5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	50	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	135	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	140	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	470	100.0	73,205	100.0
None	430	91.5	48,070	65.7
English	35	7.4	17,765	24.3
French	0	0.0	5,765	7.9
Non-official language	0	0.0	610	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0.0	610	0.8
English and French	0	0.0	45	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	735	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	140	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	20	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	50	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	360	100.0	63,520	100.0
Worked at home	55	15.3	23,640	37.2
Worked outside Canada	0	0.0	155	0.2
No fixed workplace address	60	16.7	4,900	7.7
Usual place of work	235	65.3	34,830	54.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	240	100.0	34,830	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25	10.4	29,950	86.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	130	54.2	1,110	3.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	85	35.4	3,675	10.6
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0.0	90	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	300	100.0	39,730	100.0
Car, truck or van	260	86.7	17,420	43.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	250	83.3	16,280	41.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	3.3	1,135	2.9
Public transit	0	0.0	11,965	30.1
Walked	15	5.0	5,695	14.3
Bicycle	0	0.0	4,035	10.2
Other method	10	3.3	610	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	300	100.0	39,730	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	85	28.3	6,270	15.8
15 to 29 minutes	125	41.7	14,030	35.3
30 to 44 minutes	55	18.3	12,780	32.2
45 to 59 minutes	15	5.0	4,260	10.7
60 minutes and over	20	6.7	2,385	6.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	300	100.0	39,730	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	5.0	1,955	4.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	60	20.0	4,940	12.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	85	28.3	10,410	26.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	55	18.3	10,685	26.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20	6.7	6,570	16.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	60	20.0	5,170	13.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	205	100.0	17,675	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	2.4	2,090	11.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	195	95.1	15,585	88.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	145	100.0	12,065	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	3.4	1,435	11.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0.0	870	7.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	3.4	570	4.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	135	93.1	10,630	88.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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