Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Rivière-du-Loup, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	20,118	...	...
Population, 2016¹	19,507	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	10,045	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	9,482	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	240.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	83.74	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	20,120	9,735	10,385
0 to 14 years	2,750	1,435	1,315
0 to 4 years	770	400	370
5 to 9 years	935	485	450
10 to 14 years	1,040	545	495
15 to 64 years	11,670	5,860	5,810
15 to 19 years	1,060	560	500
20 to 24 years	1,000	510	485
25 to 29 years	1,035	540	490
30 to 34 years	1,045	545	495
35 to 39 years	1,115	575	540
40 to 44 years	1,205	595	610
45 to 49 years	1,150	575	575
50 to 54 years	1,025	515	505
55 to 59 years	1,410	655	755
60 to 64 years	1,630	775	855
65 years and over	5,700	2,445	3,255
65 to 69 years	1,680	770	905
70 to 74 years	1,425	655	770
75 to 79 years	1,085	475	610
80 to 84 years	680	280	400
85 years and over	835	260	575
85 to 89 years	520	160	360
90 to 94 years	250	95	155
95 to 99 years	55	10	50
100 years and over	10	0	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.7	14.7	12.7
15 to 64 years	58.0	60.2	55.9
65 years and over	28.3	25.1	31.3
85 years and over	4.2	2.7	5.5
Average age of the population	46.7	44.8	48.6
Median age of the population	48.4	45.6	51.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	9,480	...	...
Single-detached house	4,055	...	...
Semi-detached house	685	...	...
Row house	165	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	560	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,855	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	50	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	45	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	9,480	...	...
1 person	3,915	...	...
2 persons	3,445	...	...
3 persons	960	...	...
4 persons	790	...	...
5 or more persons	375	...	...
Number of persons in private households	18,860	9,265	9,595
Average household size	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	17,365	8,300	9,065
Married or living common-law	9,440	4,720	4,720
Married	4,645	2,325	2,315
Living common-law	4,800	2,390	2,405
Living common law - Never married	4,005	1,980	2,025
Living common law - Separated	35	10	25
Living common law - Divorced	660	360	300
Living common law - Widowed	100	40	60
Not married and not living common-law	7,930	3,585	4,345
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,225	2,760	2,470
Not married and not living common law - Separated	195	100	100
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,235	465	765
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,270	265	1,005
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,300	...	...
2 persons	3,285	...	...
3 persons	910	...	...
4 persons	770	...	...
5 or more persons	335	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,300	...	...
Total couple families	4,585	...	...
Married couples	2,195	...	...
With children⁶	530	...	...
Without children	1,660	...	...
Common-law couples	2,390	...	...
With children⁶	1,190	...	...
Without children	1,200	...	...
Total one-parent families	715	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	545	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	175	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	18,865	9,265	9,595
Total - Persons in census families	14,165	7,020	7,150
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,170	4,575	4,600
Parents in one-parent families	720	170	545
Children⁶	4,280	2,270	2,005
In a two-parent family	3,185	1,685	1,495
In a one-parent family	1,090	580	505
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,695	2,250	2,450
Living alone	3,910	1,790	2,125
Living with other relatives⁷	220	100	120
Living with non-relatives only	565	360	205
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	9,485	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,175	...	...
Couple-family households	4,500	...	...
With children⁶	1,690	...	...
Without children	2,810	...	...
One-parent-family households	675	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	25	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	80	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	280	...	...
One-person households	3,915	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	16,120	7,840	8,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,910	7,750	8,165
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,915	7,750	8,165
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,800	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,270	7,105	7,160
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	38,800	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,055	5,835	5,225
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,600	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,570	6,330	7,240
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	10,600	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,015	1,100	910
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,600	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,175	2,185	1,990
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	16,120	7,845	8,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,855	7,745	8,110
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	56,850	41,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,855	7,745	8,110
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	45,000	35,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,220	7,035	7,180
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,080	52,200	34,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,060	5,770	5,290
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,200	47,000	36,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,450	6,255	7,195
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,430	11,710	13,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,880	1,020	860
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,110	6,620	7,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,180	2,175	2,010
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,290	6,860	7,750
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	16,120	7,840	8,275
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,295	2,835	2,460
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,800	55,200	46,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,450	65,400	54,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,660	2,255	2,410
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	24,800	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,520	34,520	22,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.6	83.4	72.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.8	61.6	57.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.4	16.6	27.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	3.9	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.4	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	16,120	7,840	8,280
Without total income	210	95	115
With total income	15,910	7,745	8,165
Under $10,000 (including loss)	875	350	525
$10,000 to $19,999	2,040	805	1,235
$20,000 to $29,999	2,715	1,165	1,555
$30,000 to $39,999	2,360	1,035	1,330
$40,000 to $49,999	2,250	1,095	1,155
$50,000 to $59,999	1,785	975	810
$60,000 to $69,999	1,230	740	490
$70,000 to $79,999	755	465	290
$80,000 to $89,999	595	325	275
$90,000 to $99,999	400	205	195
$100,000 and over	885	580	305
$100,000 to $149,999	620	390	230
$150,000 and over	270	190	75
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	16,120	7,840	8,280
Without after-tax income	205	95	115
With after-tax income	15,915	7,745	8,165
Under $10,000 (including loss)	965	370	590
$10,000 to $19,999	2,160	880	1,285
$20,000 to $29,999	3,215	1,365	1,845
$30,000 to $39,999	3,005	1,425	1,585
$40,000 to $49,999	2,600	1,380	1,215
$50,000 to $59,999	1,600	960	645
$60,000 to $69,999	960	535	425
$70,000 to $79,999	570	285	290
$80,000 to $89,999	305	175	135
$90,000 to $99,999	180	130	55
$100,000 and over	345	235	105
$100,000 to $124,999	165	105	65
$125,000 and over	175	130	45
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	16,120	7,840	8,280
Without employment income	5,060	2,010	3,050
With employment income	11,055	5,830	5,225
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,310	745	565
$5,000 to $9,999	935	430	510
$10,000 to $19,999	1,355	575	785
$20,000 to $29,999	1,240	585	655
$30,000 to $39,999	1,310	620	685
$40,000 to $49,999	1,345	715	630
$50,000 to $59,999	990	590	400
$60,000 to $69,999	715	460	255
$70,000 to $79,999	540	320	220
$80,000 to $89,999	440	230	215
$90,000 to $99,999	230	130	100
$100,000 and over	650	435	215
$100,000 to $124,999	320	200	120
$125,000 and over	335	235	95
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	16,120	7,840	8,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,745	7,655	8,095
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,800	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,745	7,655	8,100
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,200	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,150	7,040	7,105
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,800	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,235	5,890	5,345
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,800	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,320	5,610	6,705
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,400	8,200	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,930	1,065	865
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680	4,480	5,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	16,120	7,845	8,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,715	7,635	8,080
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,280	53,900	39,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,725	7,635	8,085
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,240	43,160	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,210	7,005	7,200
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,600	51,350	34,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,305	5,855	5,455
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,280	46,200	35,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,265	5,580	6,685
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,930	9,270	10,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,805	995	810
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,420	5,630	7,380
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	16,120	7,840	8,275
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,265	2,805	2,460
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	47,600	53,600	43,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,850	62,250	50,640
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,495	2,155	2,340
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	31,000	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,640	38,920	26,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.2	87.4	77.8
Employment income (%)	64.2	65.8	62.1
Government transfers (%)	16.8	12.6	22.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.4	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	9,480	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,915	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,565	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	9,485	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,905	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,440	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,575	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	9,480	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	160	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	285	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	710	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	420	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	455	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	555	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	500	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	450	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	890	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	720	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	685	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	560	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	510	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,460	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	915	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	610	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	545	...	...
$200,000 and over	390	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	9,480	...	...
Under $5,000	60	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	75	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	160	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	295	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	770	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	535	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	585	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	665	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	560	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	550	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	965	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	810	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	705	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	590	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	500	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,665	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	805	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	400	...	...
$150,000 and over	460	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,360	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,820	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,725	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	710	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,480	2,150	2,330
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	38,000	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	33,600	30,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,350	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,825	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,725	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	710	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,500	2,200	2,300
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,400	43,280	39,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,480	36,360	34,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	18,860	9,270	9,595
0 to 17 years	3,325	1,730	1,595
0 to 5 years	935	490	450
18 to 64 years	10,870	5,435	5,435
65 years and over	4,665	2,105	2,560
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,390	1,065	1,330
0 to 17 years	215	110	110
0 to 5 years	65	30	35
18 to 64 years	1,165	605	560
65 years and over	1,010	355	655
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.7	11.5	13.8
0 to 17 years (%)	6.6	6.3	6.8
0 to 5 years (%)	7.2	6.4	7.6
18 to 64 years (%)	10.7	11.1	10.3
65 years and over (%)	21.6	16.8	25.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	18,865	9,265	9,595
0 to 17 years	3,325	1,730	1,595
0 to 5 years	940	485	450
18 to 64 years	10,875	5,435	5,435
65 years and over	4,665	2,100	2,565
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	605	335	275
0 to 17 years	40	30	15
0 to 5 years	5	5	5
18 to 64 years	510	285	230
65 years and over	55	20	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2	3.6	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	1.2	1.6	0.7
0 to 5 years (%)	1.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	4.7	5.2	4.2
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	18,860	9,270	9,595
In bottom half of the distribution	11,425	5,450	5,975
In bottom decile	2,015	930	1,085
In second decile	2,165	985	1,185
In third decile	2,505	1,180	1,330
In fourth decile	2,285	1,140	1,145
In fifth decile	2,455	1,225	1,235
In top half of the distribution	7,435	3,815	3,620
In sixth decile	2,125	1,110	1,020
In seventh decile	1,915	970	945
In eighth decile	1,520	765	760
In ninth decile	1,060	540	525
In top decile	810	440	370
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	18,865	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.306	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.438	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.262	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	19,740	9,620	10,125
English only	10	5	5
French only	14,650	6,740	7,910
English and French	5,010	2,815	2,195
Neither English nor French	70	60	15
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	19,740	9,620	10,125
English	115	65	50
French	19,485	9,450	10,035
English and French	70	45	30
Neither English nor French	70	60	10
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	19,740	9,620	10,125
Single responses	19,590	9,525	10,065
Official languages	19,310	9,360	9,945
English	110	60	50
French	19,190	9,295	9,895
Non-official languages	280	160	115
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	280	160	115
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	40	35
Berber languages	10	5	5
Kabyle	10	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	65	35	30
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	65	35	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5
Merina	5	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	10	10
Haitian Creole	20	10	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	130	85	45
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	5	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	5	0	5
German	5	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	115	80	30
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	95	70	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	5	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	5	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	10
Chinese languages	15	5	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5
Lao	10	5	5
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	155	100	55
English and French	90	60	35
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	19,740	9,620	10,125
English	45	20	20
French	19,035	9,205	9,825
Non-official language	110	80	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	110	80	35
English and French	400	240	165
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	105	45	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	19,740	9,620	10,125
Single responses	19,595	9,535	10,065
Official languages	19,435	9,435	10,005
English	80	45	35
French	19,360	9,390	9,970
Non-official languages	160	105	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	160	105	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20
Berber languages	5	0	0
Kabyle	5	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	20	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	30	20	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	10	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	90	70	20
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	65	20
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	5	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	70	60	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	5
Chinese languages	15	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	140	80	60
English and French	100	60	45
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	19,740	9,620	10,125
None	19,320	9,380	9,940
English	280	170	115
French	60	35	30
Non-official language	45	20	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	20	25
English and French	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	18,860	9,265	9,595
Official languages	18,775	9,205	9,570
English	4,865	2,790	2,070
French	18,775	9,195	9,570
Non-official languages	805	410	395
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	805	410	395
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	85	75
Berber languages	30	15	15
Kabyle	30	15	15
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	140	80	65
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	140	80	65
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	10	0	10
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	10	25
Haitian Creole	30	10	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	475	250	225
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	15	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	0	25
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	0	25
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	10
Russian	20	0	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	70	40	30
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	50	25	30
German	50	25	30
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	20	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	15	15	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	415	215	200
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	15	0	15
Portuguese	20	0	15
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	380	195	185
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	65	30	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	40	30	10
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	25	20
Chinese languages	45	25	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	25	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	20	0
Lao	25	20	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	18,860	9,270	9,595
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	340	125	210
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	315	125	190
First Nations (North American Indian)	165	75	90
Métis	155	55	100
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	0	20
Non-Indigenous identity	18,525	9,140	9,385
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	18,860	9,270	9,595
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	70	25	40
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	18,790	9,240	9,555
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	9,485	...	...
Owner	5,130	...	...
Renter	4,355	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	9,485	...	...
Condominium	890	...	...
Not condominium	8,595	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	9,485	...	...
No bedrooms	100	...	...
1 bedroom	1,270	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,170	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,925	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,025	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	9,485	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,675	...	...
5 rooms	1,290	...	...
6 rooms	995	...	...
7 rooms	965	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,560	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	9,485	...	...
One person or fewer per room	9,465	...	...
More than one person per room	20	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	9,485	...	...
Suitable	9,405	...	...
Not suitable	80	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	9,485	...	...
1960 or before	2,265	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,870	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,275	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,055	...	...
2001 to 2005	510	...	...
2006 to 2010	630	...	...
2011 to 2015	620	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	255	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	9,485	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	9,020	...	...
Major repairs needed	455	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	9,485	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,765	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,610	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	100	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	9,485	...	...
15 to 24 years	415	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,140	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,485	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,400	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,885	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,955	...	...
75 to 84 years	995	...	...
85 years and over	210	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	9,430	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	8,340	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,090	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,010	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	9,485	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,570	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,030	...	...
Not suitable only	80	...	...
Major repairs needed only	400	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	7,915	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	9,350	...	...
In core need	270	...	...
Not in core need	9,080	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,115	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	5.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	983	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	224,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	238,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,350	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	632	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	653	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	18,865	9,270	9,595
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	315	145	170
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	315	145	170
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	250	115	140
Métis single ancestry	65	35	35
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	385	160	225
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	385	160	225
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	330	135	190
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	25	35
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	18,160	8,960	9,195
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	18,865	9,265	9,595
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	18,330	8,955	9,375
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,240	1,685	1,550
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	15,095	7,270	7,820
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	535	315	220
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	18,865	9,265	9,595
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	18,110	8,845	9,265
Immigrants⁸¹	385	185	200
Before 1980	25	0	15
1980 to 1990	40	25	20
1991 to 2000	40	15	20
2001 to 2010	100	60	40
2011 to 2021⁸²	185	80	105
2011 to 2015	70	35	40
2016 to 2021	115	50	65
Non-permanent residents⁸³	360	235	130
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	385	185	200
Under 5 years	55	25	30
5 to 14 years	80	40	40
15 to 24 years	40	15	20
25 to 44 years	185	85	100
45 years and over	30	15	10
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	385	185	200
Americas	65	30	35
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	20	15	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	20	0	20
Other places of birth in Americas	20	0	10
Europe	120	55	60
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	80	35	45
Germany	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10
Africa	120	65	55
Algeria	45	20	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	15	0	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	60	30	25
Asia	80	35	45
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	35	15	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	15	15
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	115	50	65
Americas	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	30	10	20
France	20	0	15
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	70	35	35
Algeria	30	10	15
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	20	10
Asia	15	0	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	18,860	9,265	9,595
First generation¹⁰⁰	795	440	355
Second generation¹⁰¹	380	200	180
Third generation or more¹⁰²	17,695	8,630	9,065
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	365	180	185
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	225	130	90
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	105	70	35
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	115	60	55
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	115	40	75
Refugees¹⁰⁸	20	15	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	365	180	185
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	35	20	20
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	10	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	35	25	10
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	275	130	145
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	18,860	9,265	9,595
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	600	345	260
South Asian	15	0	10
Chinese	50	10	40
Black	220	120	110
Filipino	10	10	0
Arab	110	70	40
Latin American	110	80	20
Southeast Asian	45	30	15
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	20	10	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	18,260	8,925	9,335
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	18,860	9,265	9,595
Canadian	8,830	4,355	4,480
English	20	15	10
Irish	390	175	215
Scottish	105	40	65
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,895	1,945	1,950
German	90	30	55
Chinese	50	20	30
Italian	35	15	25
Indian (India)	45	25	20
Ukrainian	15	10	10
Dutch	10	10	0
Polish	20	10	10
Québécois	2,445	1,105	1,335
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	15	0	10
Filipino	10	10	0
French Canadian	1,980	965	1,015
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	330	160	175
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	235	100	130
Métis	120	55	65
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	120	60	65
Russian	25	10	10
Norwegian	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	0
American	60	35	25
Spanish	45	20	30
Swedish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Acadian	170	75	100
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	65	45	25
Jewish	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	30	25
Greek	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	350	180	165
Danish	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	70	20	50
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0
Belgian	45	25	15
Haitian	40	20	20
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	40	20	20
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	20	0	20
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	30	30
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0
Muslim	40	10	30
Egyptian	10	0	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	30	10	20
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	15	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	60	20	35
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	50	25	25
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	20	15
New Brunswicker	20	15	10
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	40	10	30
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	25	10	15
Guatemalan	60	60	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	30	20	10
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	25	10	15
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	75	40	35
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	15	15
Huron (Wendat)	20	15	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	15	0	10
Norman	40	20	20
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	35	20	15
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	20	10	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	18,860	9,270	9,595
Buddhist	0	0	0
Christian	15,260	7,340	7,920
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,205	605	600
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	15	15	0
Baptist	25	15	10
Catholic	13,900	6,670	7,230
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	55	20	25
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	10	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	50	15	35
Hindu	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0
Muslim	185	100	85
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	35	20	20
No religion and secular perspectives	3,370	1,795	1,575
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	18,725	9,190	9,535
Non-movers	16,145	7,920	8,225
Movers	2,580	1,270	1,305
Non-migrants	1,535	770	765
Migrants	1,040	500	540
Internal migrants	930	455	475
Intraprovincial migrants	880	435	450
Interprovincial migrants	50	20	25
External migrants	115	45	65
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	18,090	8,855	9,235
Non-movers	10,885	5,290	5,600
Movers	7,200	3,565	3,635
Non-migrants	3,080	1,480	1,600
Migrants	4,125	2,085	2,040
Internal migrants	3,740	1,855	1,885
Intraprovincial migrants	3,655	1,830	1,835
Interprovincial migrants	85	25	55
External migrants	385	230	150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,120	7,845	8,275
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,380	1,805	1,570
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,745	6,040	6,705
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,500	4,705	4,795
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,485	910	580
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,020	3,800	4,220
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,120	7,845	8,280
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,935	1,490	1,445
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,455	1,575	1,880
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,730	4,775	4,955
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,050	3,480	3,570
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,355	1,975	1,380
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,655	1,475	1,180
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	705	500	200
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,095	1,320	1,765
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	600	185	415
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,680	1,295	1,385
Bachelor's degree	1,820	835	985
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	205	110	95
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	90	50	40
Master's degree	525	280	245
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	35	15	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,500	4,705	4,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,180	680	500
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,460	680	775
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,865	3,345	3,525
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,815	2,395	2,420
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,360	1,360	1,000
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,915	1,040	870
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	445	325	125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,085	920	1,165
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	370	110	260
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,050	945	1,105
Bachelor's degree	1,380	610	765
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	125	60	65
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	40	40
Master's degree	435	215	215
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	35	10	20
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,120	7,840	8,280
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,395	3,070	3,325
Education	815	250	575
13. Education	815	250	575
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	265	110	150
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	15	10
50. Visual and performing arts	245	100	145
Humanities	450	205	240
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275	115	165
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	25	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	45	0
54. History	25	10	20
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	10	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	515	130	385
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	15	40
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	125	15	110
22. Legal professions and studies	100	35	60
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	10
42. Psychology	115	10	100
45. Social sciences	110	50	60
Business, management and public administration	2,125	760	1,365
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	185	50	140
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,935	705	1,230
Physical and life sciences and technologies	240	150	90
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	55	20	35
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	15	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80	45	35
40. Physical sciences	65	55	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	15	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	240	180	60
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	195	175	20
25. Library science	25	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	0	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,190	2,045	150
04. Architecture and related services	45	20	20
14. Engineering	270	250	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	425	370	55
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	485	460	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	570	555	20
48. Precision production	395	395	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	325	185	140
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	170	80	95
03. Natural resources and conservation	155	115	45
Health and related fields	1,645	315	1,330
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	135	90	45
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,475	205	1,270
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	20	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	910	440	480
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	600	180	420
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	140	105	35
49. Transportation and materials moving	175	150	20
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,500	4,705	4,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,630	1,365	1,270
Education	480	125	355
13. Education	480	125	355
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	200	75	125
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	185	70	120
Humanities	240	135	110
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	160	80	80
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	20	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	20	0
54. History	20	0	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	10	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	405	80	320
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	55	15	35
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	80	10	80
22. Legal professions and studies	70	15	55
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	95	10	90
45. Social sciences	95	35	60
Business, management and public administration	1,605	565	1,035
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	140	30	105
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,460	535	935
Physical and life sciences and technologies	130	85	40
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	45	10	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	20	0
40. Physical sciences	55	40	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	195	165	30
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	175	165	10
25. Library science	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,620	1,495	125
04. Architecture and related services	30	10	20
14. Engineering	240	225	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	315	270	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	340	320	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	395	385	10
48. Precision production	290	290	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	245	115	125
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	130	40	85
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	75	40
Health and related fields	1,115	220	895
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	100	60	45
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	990	150	840
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	635	275	360
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	400	90	310
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	110	75	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	125	105	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	9,500	4,705	4,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,630	1,365	1,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,865	3,340	3,525
Location of study inside Canada	6,545	3,150	3,395
Same as province or territory of residence	6,415	3,095	3,320
Different than province or territory of residence	130	55	75
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	320	190	130
Americas	90	75	10
United States of America	15	15	0
Mexico	15	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	55	55	0
Europe	120	50	70
Belgium	10	10	0
France	95	45	55
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	95	60	35
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	15	0	10
Morocco	40	25	10
Tunisia	10	10	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	15
Asia	20	15	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	10	10	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	16,120	7,845	8,280
In the labour force	9,745	5,000	4,745
Employed	9,065	4,665	4,400
Unemployed	680	335	350
Not in the labour force	6,375	2,845	3,530
Participation rate	60.5	63.7	57.3
Employment rate	56.2	59.5	53.1
Unemployment rate	7.0	6.7	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	16,120	7,840	8,280
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,895	2,605	3,290
Worked	10,220	5,235	4,990
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,380	2,890	2,490
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,840	2,345	2,500
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	42.1	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	9,740	5,000	4,750
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	165	85	85
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,580	4,915	4,660
Employee	8,735	4,450	4,285
Permanent position	7,370	3,745	3,630
Temporary position	1,365	710	655
Fixed term (1 year or more)	510	285	225
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	855	430	430
Self-employed¹⁹²	840	465	380
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	9,740	5,000	4,750
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	165	85	85
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,580	4,915	4,660
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	155	120	30
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,545	490	1,055
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	670	510	155
3 Health occupations	955	215	735
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,150	325	825
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	265	125	140
6 Sales and service occupations	2,680	1,180	1,500
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,360	1,275	85
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	105	85	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	700	590	110
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	9,740	5,000	4,750
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	165	85	85
All industries¹⁹¹	9,580	4,915	4,660
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	165	95	70
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	180	120	55
22 Utilities	70	50	20
23 Construction	480	415	65
31-33 Manufacturing	1,390	1,085	305
41 Wholesale trade	190	145	45
44-45 Retail trade	1,315	645	665
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	425	360	60
51 Information and cultural industries	130	110	25
52 Finance and insurance	215	100	115
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	90	55	40
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	475	225	250
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	265	150	120
61 Educational services	765	245	515
62 Health care and social assistance	1,710	340	1,370
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	105	45	60
72 Accommodation and food services	715	285	435
81 Other services (except public administration)	475	245	225
91 Public administration	405	185	220
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,690	5,470	5,225
English	30	20	0
French	9,525	4,710	4,810
Non-official language	20	10	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	15
English and French	1,025	655	370
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	60	60	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	20
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,690	5,470	5,225
Single responses	10,590	5,410	5,180
Official languages	10,505	5,345	5,165
English	125	85	40
French	10,385	5,260	5,120
Non-official languages	85	65	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	65	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	10	0	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	60	60	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	60	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	60	60	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10
Chinese languages	15	0	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	100	55	40
English and French	90	55	35
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,690	5,470	5,225
None	9,670	4,800	4,865
English	840	540	300
French	155	115	40
Non-official language	15	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,065	4,665	4,395
Worked at home	1,030	475	555
Worked outside Canada	15	15	0
No fixed workplace address	675	505	170
Usual place of work	7,345	3,670	3,675
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,345	3,670	3,675
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,945	2,875	3,070
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	580	320	260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	815	470	340
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	8,020	4,175	3,840
Car, truck or van	7,190	3,795	3,395
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,810	3,650	3,160
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	380	145	235
Public transit	35	10	20
Walked	615	260	355
Bicycle	35	25	0
Other method	150	80	65
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	8,020	4,175	3,840
Less than 15 minutes	5,950	3,020	2,930
15 to 29 minutes	1,415	745	670
30 to 44 minutes	335	175	160
45 to 59 minutes	175	115	60
60 minutes and over	150	120	30
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	8,020	4,175	3,840
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	405	275	125
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,195	885	315
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,995	1,490	1,505
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,760	690	1,075
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	600	230	370
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,065	605	460
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,410	1,780	1,625
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	120	65	55
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,290	1,720	1,570
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,585	1,355	1,230
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80	40	45
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	40	20	20
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	40	15	25
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,505	1,315	1,190

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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