Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saint-Gervais, Municipalité (MÉ)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	2,138	...	...	8,501,833	...	...
Population, 2016¹	2,153	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.7	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	896	...	...	4,050,164	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	861	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	23.9	...	...	6.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	89.33	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	2,140	1,085	1,055	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870
0 to 14 years	410	215	190	1,391,360	713,290	678,070
0 to 4 years	130	75	60	422,980	217,145	205,840
5 to 9 years	135	70	65	478,955	245,295	233,665
10 to 14 years	140	75	70	489,425	250,855	238,570
15 to 64 years	1,305	660	640	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195
15 to 19 years	130	65	65	429,400	219,400	209,995
20 to 24 years	110	60	50	460,660	235,250	225,405
25 to 29 years	140	75	60	527,150	266,455	260,700
30 to 34 years	105	55	50	536,040	267,770	268,270
35 to 39 years	130	60	70	550,425	274,350	276,075
40 to 44 years	115	60	55	572,565	286,405	286,160
45 to 49 years	135	75	65	516,465	259,565	256,905
50 to 54 years	105	50	50	522,935	262,610	260,325
55 to 59 years	170	75	95	615,690	307,230	308,465
60 to 64 years	160	80	80	625,610	307,710	317,900
65 years and over	430	205	225	1,753,530	801,925	951,605
65 to 69 years	110	65	45	541,970	264,020	277,950
70 to 74 years	110	55	55	455,900	217,985	237,910
75 to 79 years	90	40	50	330,840	153,790	177,050
80 to 84 years	60	25	30	210,405	90,825	119,580
85 years and over	65	20	45	214,415	75,305	139,115
85 to 89 years	30	15	20	131,755	50,610	81,150
90 to 94 years	20	5	15	65,020	20,490	44,535
95 to 99 years	5	0	5	15,665	3,875	11,790
100 years and over	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	19.8	18.0	16.4	17.0	15.8
15 to 64 years	61.0	60.8	60.7	63.0	63.9	62.1
65 years and over	20.1	18.9	21.3	20.6	19.1	22.1
85 years and over	3.0	1.8	4.3	2.5	1.8	3.2
Average age of the population	41.8	40.4	43.1	42.8	41.8	43.7
Median age of the population	41.6	40.4	44.0	43.2	42.0	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	860	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Single-detached house	680	...	...	1,671,920	...	...
Semi-detached house	50	...	...	199,080	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	98,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	15	...	...	271,245	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	100	...	...	1,242,910	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	225,745	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	15,745	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	23,760	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	860	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
1 person	255	...	...	1,317,505	...	...
2 persons	300	...	...	1,295,730	...	...
3 persons	95	...	...	480,135	...	...
4 persons	130	...	...	427,605	...	...
5 or more persons	75	...	...	228,060	...	...
Number of persons in private households	2,080	1,065	1,015	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,730	865	865	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805
Married or living common-law	1,060	530	530	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145
Married	545	270	270	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775
Living common-law	515	260	260	1,657,050	829,680	827,375
Living common law - Never married	470	235	235	1,345,765	671,000	674,765
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410
Living common law - Divorced	35	20	20	261,885	135,520	126,370
Living common law - Widowed	5	5	0	31,900	14,070	17,830
Not married and not living common-law	670	335	335	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660
Not married and not living common law - Never married	475	280	195	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	5	5	106,275	48,095	58,175
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	75	30	40	494,210	197,455	296,755
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	115	20	95	380,100	89,515	290,580
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	595	...	...	2,323,410	...	...
2 persons	300	...	...	1,267,980	...	...
3 persons	95	...	...	454,980	...	...
4 persons	125	...	...	412,850	...	...
5 or more persons	75	...	...	187,600	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	595	...	...	2,323,410	...	...
Total couple families	525	...	...	1,939,635	...	...
Married couples	270	...	...	1,111,625	...	...
With children⁶	105	...	...	502,020	...	...
Without children	165	...	...	609,605	...	...
Common-law couples	260	...	...	828,005	...	...
With children⁶	170	...	...	401,885	...	...
Without children	90	...	...	426,120	...	...
Total one-parent families	70	...	...	383,775	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	55	...	...	284,025	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	20	...	...	99,755	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	2,085	1,065	1,015	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665
Total - Persons in census families	1,800	920	880	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835
Married spouses or common-law partners	1,050	525	525	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090
Parents in one-parent families	70	15	50	383,780	99,755	284,020
Children⁶	675	370	300	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720
In a two-parent family	565	300	260	1,708,235	897,930	810,305
In a one-parent family	115	75	40	585,820	317,400	268,415
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	290	150	140	1,751,380	870,550	880,825
Living alone	260	130	130	1,317,505	638,170	679,335
Living with other relatives⁷	10	5	5	165,070	74,060	91,005
Living with non-relatives only	20	10	10	268,810	158,325	110,485
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	860	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	580	...	...	2,165,490	...	...
Couple-family households	515	...	...	1,834,095	...	...
With children⁶	265	...	...	851,835	...	...
Without children	250	...	...	982,260	...	...
One-parent-family households	65	...	...	331,395	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	50,790	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	9,225	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	66,750	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	139,280	...	...
One-person households	260	...	...	1,317,505	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,680	845	830	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,660	840	825	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,400	36,800	40,800	44,800	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,660	840	825	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	38,400	33,600	36,400	39,200	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,555	795	760	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	38,800	26,000	33,600	39,600	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,310	695	615	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,000	28,600	36,000	40,400	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,385	680	695	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	7,750	11,900	11,500	10,200	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	220	135	85	837,635	441,080	396,550
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,800	4,360	5,480	5,520	5,520	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	410	225	185	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,000	6,000	7,000	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,720	875	845	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,715	870	845	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,960	51,500	40,200	51,160	57,550	44,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,715	870	845	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,720	42,000	35,300	41,840	45,760	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,640	850	795	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,900	31,450	45,480	52,900	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,365	730	635	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,680	44,100	32,400	46,240	51,950	40,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,350	640	705	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,700	10,540	12,760	12,410	11,500	13,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	210	120	90	837,180	441,665	395,515
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,080	5,800	6,400	7,040	6,380	7,780
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	455	230	225	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,520	6,500	6,500	8,130	7,910	8,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,720	875	845	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	645	395	255	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	50,800	53,600	58,400	62,800	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,800	58,200	54,800	69,700	76,600	61,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	600	275	330	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	26,600	13,200	18,600	21,400	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,700	32,800	19,700	28,160	32,120	24,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0	84.8	73.6	79.8	84.2	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.0	72.0	60.8	65.4	68.8	61.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.0	15.1	26.5	20.1	15.8	25.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.5	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	4.0	5.3	5.4	4.8	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.3	4.3	4.6	4.3	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,675	850	830	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275
Without total income	20	10	5	179,955	87,650	92,310
With total income	1,660	835	820	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970
Under $10,000 (including loss)	95	45	55	462,400	204,245	258,155
$10,000 to $19,999	200	75	125	809,375	334,315	475,065
$20,000 to $29,999	300	150	145	1,124,265	499,780	624,485
$30,000 to $39,999	230	95	130	896,520	414,070	482,445
$40,000 to $49,999	250	140	115	849,005	411,680	437,325
$50,000 to $59,999	200	105	95	687,020	345,720	341,305
$60,000 to $69,999	150	85	65	503,110	271,695	231,415
$70,000 to $79,999	85	45	40	367,455	208,475	158,980
$80,000 to $89,999	70	40	35	284,690	158,760	125,930
$90,000 to $99,999	20	20	5	198,140	112,355	85,780
$100,000 and over	60	45	20	556,780	365,700	191,080
$100,000 to $149,999	45	30	15	385,890	245,635	140,260
$150,000 and over	15	15	5	170,890	120,065	50,820
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,675	850	830	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275
Without after-tax income	20	10	5	177,960	86,610	91,355
With after-tax income	1,660	835	820	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915
Under $10,000 (including loss)	95	45	55	495,035	214,000	281,030
$10,000 to $19,999	205	80	130	853,250	356,480	496,765
$20,000 to $29,999	345	180	170	1,316,685	592,685	723,995
$30,000 to $39,999	325	155	165	1,127,905	544,940	582,965
$40,000 to $49,999	280	160	120	994,235	505,970	488,265
$50,000 to $59,999	185	95	85	691,015	372,870	318,145
$60,000 to $69,999	120	65	55	459,665	251,490	208,170
$70,000 to $79,999	40	25	20	292,135	160,985	131,150
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	5	174,905	104,610	70,295
$90,000 to $99,999	10	10	5	106,165	67,055	39,105
$100,000 and over	25	20	5	229,765	156,750	73,020
$100,000 to $124,999	15	15	0	119,125	78,615	40,515
$125,000 and over	10	10	5	110,635	78,130	32,505
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,675	850	830	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275
Without employment income	365	150	215	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610
With employment income	1,310	695	615	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665
Under $5,000 (including loss)	130	70	55	644,075	331,770	312,300
$5,000 to $9,999	115	35	80	401,185	180,585	220,595
$10,000 to $19,999	210	105	110	603,350	273,725	329,620
$20,000 to $29,999	130	55	80	495,105	228,670	266,435
$30,000 to $39,999	155	80	75	488,000	239,620	248,380
$40,000 to $49,999	185	125	65	485,845	242,230	243,610
$50,000 to $59,999	115	60	55	403,980	217,425	186,560
$60,000 to $69,999	105	65	40	320,700	184,770	135,935
$70,000 to $79,999	50	30	25	250,635	147,020	103,615
$80,000 to $89,999	55	30	30	218,100	120,085	98,020
$90,000 to $99,999	20	15	0	141,540	86,090	55,450
$100,000 and over	40	30	15	422,055	285,910	136,145
$100,000 to $124,999	20	10	10	205,085	133,500	71,585
$125,000 and over	25	20	5	216,965	152,410	64,555
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,680	845	830	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,635	830	805	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,200	34,400	38,400	43,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,635	830	810	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	36,800	31,400	34,000	37,600	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,535	795	740	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,800	28,400	34,800	40,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,300	690	605	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,000	30,000	36,400	41,200	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,245	590	655	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,800	4,920	9,800	7,800	5,640	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	210	120	80	727,165	390,255	336,910
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,360	3,880	5,120	5,000	4,760	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,720	875	845	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,680	850	835	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,440	50,900	37,900	48,600	55,500	41,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,680	850	835	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,440	41,700	33,100	39,600	44,000	35,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,605	830	775	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,680	46,900	32,000	45,920	53,800	37,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,345	725	625	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,400	32,600	46,240	52,450	39,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,205	545	660	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,040	7,800	10,060	9,450	8,430	10,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	165	75	95	727,815	390,880	336,935
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,840	4,600	5,000	7,020	5,975	8,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,720	875	845	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	645	395	250	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,200	53,200	48,800	54,800	60,000	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,100	56,200	50,800	65,400	72,900	56,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	580	270	315	1,894,930	934,230	960,695
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	37,200	17,000	23,600	27,200	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,400	39,200	22,800	33,000	37,800	28,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	90.0	78.8	85.0	89.2	79.8
Employment income (%)	72.4	78.0	64.5	70.0	73.4	66.0
Government transfers (%)	14.6	9.8	21.1	14.9	10.8	20.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.6	1.3	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	860	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	260	...	...	1,317,505	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	605	...	...	2,431,530	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	860	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,400	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	75,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	235	...	...	1,317,070	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	47,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	39,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	625	...	...	2,431,965	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	94,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	860	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	35,920	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	23,880	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	52,080	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	82,470	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	45	...	...	218,185	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	30	...	...	144,420	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	35	...	...	143,285	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	45	...	...	172,005	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	40	...	...	174,790	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	40	...	...	166,990	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	70	...	...	310,880	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	75	...	...	280,505	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	60	...	...	255,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	55	...	...	235,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	55	...	...	208,320	...	...
$100,000 and over	285	...	...	1,244,285	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	115	...	...	414,805	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	75	...	...	282,590	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	65	...	...	307,835	...	...
$200,000 and over	30	...	...	239,060	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	860	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	40,590	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	24,960	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	53,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	87,695	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	45	...	...	234,875	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	35	...	...	177,135	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	35	...	...	180,150	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	65	...	...	213,760	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	50	...	...	210,280	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	50	...	...	193,530	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	80	...	...	356,325	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	75	...	...	322,530	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	70	...	...	289,580	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	70	...	...	254,885	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	60	...	...	216,370	...	...
$100,000 and over	200	...	...	892,775	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	95	...	...	387,835	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	55	...	...	225,830	...	...
$150,000 and over	40	...	...	279,105	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	595	...	...	2,331,170	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	250	...	...	991,710	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	270	...	...	907,765	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	65	...	...	368,845	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	61,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	275	140	135	1,586,315	796,490	789,825
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	45,200	35,200	36,800	39,200	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	38,400	32,800	33,200	34,800	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	620	...	...	2,330,645	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	95,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	285	...	...	992,110	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	101,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	82,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	270	...	...	909,160	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	151,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	367,155	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	78,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	245	125	125	1,585,705	796,290	789,415
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400	47,000	42,000	45,480	48,000	42,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	39,000	36,500	38,040	39,400	36,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	2,080	1,065	1,020	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665
0 to 17 years	475	250	225	1,648,330	844,730	803,600
0 to 5 years	160	80	75	515,725	264,785	250,935
18 to 64 years	1,230	630	605	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885
65 years and over	380	190	190	1,599,990	752,815	847,180
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	190	90	95	992,235	463,295	528,940
0 to 17 years	20	10	5	159,530	82,000	77,530
0 to 5 years	5	0	0	53,105	27,240	25,870
18 to 64 years	70	40	30	515,470	256,435	259,035
65 years and over	95	35	55	317,235	124,865	192,370
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0	8.4	9.6	11.9	11.2	12.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.4	6.0	2.5	9.7	9.7	9.7
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	10.3	10.3	10.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	6.6	5.6	10.2	10.1	10.2
65 years and over (%)	24.8	19.0	31.0	19.8	16.6	22.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	2,085	1,065	1,015	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350
0 to 17 years	475	245	230	1,634,715	837,715	797,005
0 to 5 years	160	85	80	511,400	262,535	248,860
18 to 64 years	1,230	630	600	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035
65 years and over	375	190	190	1,596,400	751,095	845,310
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	20	10	10	439,850	223,055	216,795
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	61,665	31,610	30,060
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	19,815	10,190	9,630
18 to 64 years	15	10	5	313,970	167,015	146,955
65 years and over	0	0	0	64,210	24,430	39,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.0	1.2	0.8	5.3	5.4	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	3.8	3.8	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9
18 to 64 years (%)	1.4	1.6	1.2	6.2	6.6	5.8
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	4.0	3.3	4.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	2,080	1,065	1,020	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665
In bottom half of the distribution	1,215	615	605	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895
In bottom decile	125	65	65	851,840	407,705	444,140
In second decile	220	105	120	920,490	434,730	485,760
In third decile	315	155	160	969,255	471,650	497,600
In fourth decile	280	150	125	978,345	482,760	495,590
In fifth decile	270	135	130	947,090	473,285	473,810
In top half of the distribution	865	450	420	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765
In sixth decile	270	145	125	899,660	454,970	444,690
In seventh decile	255	130	125	837,225	425,400	411,830
In eighth decile	155	80	75	752,410	383,450	368,955
In ninth decile	120	60	55	634,425	325,700	308,730
In top decile	75	35	35	517,725	267,160	250,565
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	2,085	...	...	8,308,480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.263	...	...	0.328	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.378	...	...	0.456	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.228	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.8	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	2,105	1,070	1,030	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
English only	0	0	0	445,575	228,840	216,735
French only	1,720	870	845	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605
English and French	385	200	180	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	82,075	35,200	46,875
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	2,105	1,070	1,030	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
English	5	0	5	1,088,820	548,595	540,225
French	2,095	1,065	1,030	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860
English and French	0	0	0	329,515	169,050	160,465
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	79,000	33,590	45,410
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	2,105	1,070	1,030	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
Single responses	2,100	1,070	1,030	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865
Official languages	2,095	1,065	1,030	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755
English	5	0	5	639,365	323,170	316,195
French	2,090	1,065	1,025	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565
Non-official languages	5	5	0	1,167,550	570,440	597,110
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665
Cree languages	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	565	290	275
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	70	40	35
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	90	50	40
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	60	25	35
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695
Naskapi	0	0	0	610	300	310
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	190	75	115
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	190	75	110
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	860	410	450
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	820	385	435
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	30	15	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	30	40
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	60	30	35
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Non-Indigenous languages	5	5	0	1,125,730	549,960	575,770
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	233,220	122,895	110,320
Berber languages	0	0	0	25,990	13,860	12,130
Kabyle	0	0	0	23,735	12,570	11,165
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	125
Chadic languages	0	0	0	980	510	470
Hausa	0	0	0	425	235	190
Mina	0	0	0	555	280	280
Coptic	0	0	0	320	170	150
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,330	620	705
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	5	5	5
Somali	0	0	0	1,275	595	680
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	15
Semitic languages	0	0	0	204,600	107,735	96,865
Amharic	0	0	0	735	345	385
Arabic	0	0	0	198,785	104,765	94,020
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	525	250	270
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	170	85	90
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	45	20	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	300	150	155
Harari	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750
Maltese	0	0	0	20	5	20
Tigrigna	0	0	0	810	415	395
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	37,425	17,185	20,240
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,630	13,180	15,450
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	30	30
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	25,580	10,200	15,375
Bikol	0	0	0	140	55	80
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	465	175	290
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,050	370	685
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	590	205	385
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275
Indonesian	0	0	0	730	255	475
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	20
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	1,810	870	940
Merina	0	0	0	1,180	545	630
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	630	325	310
Malay	0	0	0	75	30	50
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	225	95	130
Pangasinan	0	0	0	120	55	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	17,710	7,005	10,705
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	65	20	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	185	230
Creole languages	0	0	0	62,640	28,375	34,265
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	46,475	20,690	25,785
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	5	10
Krio	0	0	0	10	5	5
Morisyen	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555
Sango	0	0	0	490	240	250
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,980	5,620	6,360
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	555	255	300
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,350	9,425	8,925
Kannada	0	0	0	375	215	160
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,800	945	850
Tamil	0	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205
Telugu	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680
Tulu	0	0	0	25	10	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Georgian	0	0	0	150	70	80
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Indo-European languages	0	5	0	595,790	290,670	305,115
Albanian	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650
Armenian	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	68,295	30,855	37,435
Baltic languages	0	0	0	725	285	440
Latvian	0	0	0	235	100	135
Lithuanian	0	0	0	490	185	300
Slavic languages	0	0	0	67,565	30,570	36,995
Belarusian	0	0	0	75	35	40
Bulgarian	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495
Czech	0	0	0	1,345	625	725
Macedonian	0	0	0	220	110	115
Polish	0	0	0	12,495	5,380	7,120
Russian	0	0	0	31,700	14,115	17,590
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030
Croatian	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225
Serbian	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	120	125
Slovak	0	0	0	855	380	475
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	600	265	335
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	30
Celtic languages	0	0	0	130	80	55
Irish	0	0	0	25	20	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	10	5
Welsh	0	0	0	40	25	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	20
Germanic languages	0	0	0	25,580	12,440	13,140
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	10
High German languages	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910
German	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,110	565	540
Yiddish	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590
Afrikaans	0	0	0	170	90	80
Dutch	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	400	185	220
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,140	560	575
Danish	0	0	0	360	175	185
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	30	30
Norwegian	0	0	0	190	100	85
Swedish	0	0	0	530	260	275
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55
Greek	0	0	0	34,080	16,735	17,345
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	101,450	52,780	48,665
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	63,025	33,465	29,555
Assamese	0	0	0	30	20	15
Bengali	0	0	0	12,140	6,220	5,920
Gujarati	0	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415
Hindi	0	0	0	5,445	3,080	2,360
Kacchi	0	0	0	170	80	90
Kashmiri	0	0	0	40	25	15
Konkani	0	0	0	80	40	35
Marathi	0	0	0	520	285	235
Nepali	0	0	0	1,105	560	545
Oriya languages	0	0	0	65	35	30
Odia	0	0	0	40	25	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855
Rohingya	0	0	0	115	45	70
Sindhi	0	0	0	100	60	45
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	725	375	350
Urdu	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	265	150	115
Iranian languages	0	0	0	38,400	19,305	19,090
Baluchi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	630	485
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15
Pashto	0	0	0	1,490	810	680
Persian languages	0	0	0	35,615	17,770	17,850
Dari	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	65	65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	5	5	0	346,000	167,870	178,130
Catalan	0	0	0	330	165	160
Italian	0	0	0	90,940	44,080	46,865
Portuguese	0	0	0	41,545	19,890	21,650
Romanian	0	0	0	35,810	17,115	18,695
Spanish	0	0	0	177,155	86,490	90,660
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	125	105
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	30
Japanese	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965
Korean	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815
Mongolian	0	0	0	225	90	135
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	985	490	490
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,490	795	700
Edo	0	0	0	90	40	50
Éwé	0	0	0	995	535	465
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285
Ga	0	0	0	70	40	30
Ganda	0	0	0	50	20	30
Gikuyu	0	0	0	10	5	10
Igbo	0	0	0	145	85	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895
Lingala	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	285	145	145
Mòoré	0	0	0	405	205	205
Mwani	0	0	0	40	20	15
Ndebele	0	0	0	60	20	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415
Shona	0	0	0	125	60	60
Soninke	0	0	0	270	175	95
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Swahili	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035
Wojenaka	0	0	0	910	435	475
Wolof	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840
Yoruba	0	0	0	875	470	410
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,010	535	480
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	845	450	400
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	155	80	75
Sign languages	0	0	0	1,280	680	600
American Sign Language	0	0	0	120	60	55
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	930	485	445
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	130	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	87,540	40,170	47,375
Chinese languages	0	0	0	87,155	39,990	47,160
Hakka	0	0	0	470	200	270
Mandarin	0	0	0	57,445	26,210	31,235
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	790	365	430
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	24,235	11,275	12,965
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,425	710	715
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	35	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	310	140	175
Burmese	0	0	0	80	25	55
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	10	0	5
Karenic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	15	10	10
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	130	65	65
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	45	35
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820
Lao	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010
Thai	0	0	0	1,015	220	795
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Turkic languages	0	0	0	9,230	4,775	4,455
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	410	250	160
Kazakh	0	0	0	50	25	20
Turkish	0	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975
Uyghur	0	0	0	235	110	125
Uzbek	0	0	0	170	80	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	60	80
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865
Estonian	0	0	0	160	60	95
Finnish	0	0	0	305	120	190
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	95	75
Multiple responses	5	0	0	308,550	155,455	153,095
English and French	0	5	0	126,405	64,585	61,820
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	49,485	24,660	24,825
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	94,205	46,880	47,320
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	28,685	14,700	13,985
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	2,105	1,070	1,030	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
English	0	0	0	623,305	313,780	309,520
French	2,085	1,060	1,020	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555
Non-official language	0	0	0	366,730	177,410	189,315
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	343,650	165,830	177,825
English and French	20	10	10	497,380	256,735	240,645
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	205,755	102,290	103,470
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	375,795	179,585	196,210
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	284,940	141,275	143,665
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	20,125	9,545	10,585
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	2,105	1,070	1,030	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
Single responses	2,100	1,070	1,025	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785
Official languages	2,100	1,070	1,025	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030
English	0	0	0	874,185	438,570	435,615
French	2,100	1,070	1,025	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420
Non-official languages	0	0	0	662,615	322,860	339,750
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090
Atikamekw	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055
Cree languages	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	560	295	265
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	35	20	20
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	65	40	25
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	45	25	20
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860
Naskapi	0	0	0	490	255	240
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	80	30	50
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	75	30	45
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	230	110	120
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	215	100	120
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	628,365	305,820	322,555
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	116,685	59,645	57,040
Berber languages	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045
Kabyle	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655
Tamazight	0	0	0	670	365	305
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	90
Chadic languages	0	0	0	335	165	170
Hausa	0	0	0	180	85	90
Mina	0	0	0	155	75	80
Coptic	0	0	0	225	115	115
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	605	280	325
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10
Oromo	0	0	0	5	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	580	265	315
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	104,890	53,505	51,380
Amharic	0	0	0	330	155	175
Arabic	0	0	0	102,120	52,125	49,990
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	380	185	190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	130	60	75
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	25	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	200	105	100
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,515	760	755
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	490	250	240
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	24,500	11,410	13,090
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670
Vietnamese	0	0	0	19,595	9,185	10,405
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	30	15	15
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	13,845	6,335	7,515
Bikol	0	0	0	45	15	25
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	225	100	125
Cebuano	0	0	0	560	240	320
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	320	135	185
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,175	510	665
Indonesian	0	0	0	255	115	135
Kankanaey	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	610	325	285
Merina	0	0	0	305	165	145
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	300	160	145
Malay	0	0	0	20	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	125	60	65
Pangasinan	0	0	0	35	15	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	20	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	185	90	90
Creole languages	0	0	0	26,985	11,815	15,170
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	19,535	8,310	11,230
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,590	765	825
Sango	0	0	0	230	110	125
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	220	110	120
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,800	6,935	6,865
Kannada	0	0	0	190	105	90
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,225	645	580
Tamil	0	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755
Telugu	0	0	0	1,140	700	435
Tulu	0	0	0	15	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	5
Georgian	0	0	0	60	25	35
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	336,635	164,100	172,535
Albanian	0	0	0	1,910	945	970
Armenian	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	39,725	18,855	20,870
Baltic languages	0	0	0	150	60	90
Latvian	0	0	0	60	30	30
Lithuanian	0	0	0	95	35	60
Slavic languages	0	0	0	39,575	18,795	20,775
Belarusian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305
Czech	0	0	0	375	180	200
Macedonian	0	0	0	125	65	60
Polish	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685
Russian	0	0	0	22,770	10,815	11,960
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,075	530	545
Croatian	0	0	0	945	445	505
Serbian	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	50	45
Slovak	0	0	0	200	85	115
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	150	70	85
Ukrainian	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	45	35	10
Irish	0	0	0	10	10	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075
Frisian	0	0	0	110	30	75
High German languages	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675
German	0	0	0	1,685	805	880
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	235	125	115
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	420	200	215
Afrikaans	0	0	0	65	30	35
Dutch	0	0	0	300	145	155
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	40	20	20
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	175	85	95
Danish	0	0	0	35	15	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	10	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Swedish	0	0	0	100	50	50
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10
Greek	0	0	0	15,235	7,015	8,220
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	74,455	38,045	36,410
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	46,420	24,225	22,195
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0
Bengali	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270
Hindi	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615
Kacchi	0	0	0	95	45	55
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5
Marathi	0	0	0	255	135	120
Nepali	0	0	0	880	445	430
Oriya languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855
Rohingya	0	0	0	80	30	45
Sindhi	0	0	0	35	15	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	425	225	205
Urdu	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	80	70
Iranian languages	0	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	625	325	300
Parsi	0	0	0	15	10	5
Pashto	0	0	0	1,110	590	520
Persian languages	0	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355
Dari	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	5
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	182,585	88,060	94,525
Catalan	0	0	0	135	70	65
Italian	0	0	0	26,290	11,205	15,085
Portuguese	0	0	0	20,885	9,965	10,920
Romanian	0	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355
Spanish	0	0	0	112,915	55,870	57,050
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	55	45
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Japanese	0	0	0	1,155	455	700
Korean	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630
Mongolian	0	0	0	145	70	80
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	485	235	245
Bamanankan	0	0	0	385	195	195
Edo	0	0	0	25	10	10
Éwé	0	0	0	225	115	110
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	850	445	410
Ga	0	0	0	30	15	15
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	965	415	545
Lingala	0	0	0	930	410	525
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	20	5	20
Mòoré	0	0	0	35	15	15
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ndebele	0	0	0	10	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,655	775	875
Shona	0	0	0	45	20	25
Soninke	0	0	0	105	75	35
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Swahili	0	0	0	1,665	810	855
Wojenaka	0	0	0	245	100	145
Wolof	0	0	0	1,470	795	675
Yoruba	0	0	0	240	115	130
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	720	320	400
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	395	195	200
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	365	180	185
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945
American Sign Language	0	0	0	300	165	135
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,385	775	615
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	550	345	205
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	67,120	31,725	35,390
Chinese languages	0	0	0	66,880	31,610	35,275
Hakka	0	0	0	150	65	80
Mandarin	0	0	0	46,925	22,275	24,650
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,510	680	835
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	535	260	275
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	16,860	7,870	8,985
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	870	445	430
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	190	90	100
Burmese	0	0	0	40	15	25
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	10	5	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	75	40	40
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	35
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230
Lao	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065
Thai	0	0	0	255	95	160
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Turkic languages	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	175	95	75
Kazakh	0	0	0	10	5	5
Turkish	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	65	85
Uzbek	0	0	0	95	45	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,505	670	830
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	5
Finnish	0	0	0	45	20	25
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,445	645	805
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	25
Multiple responses	5	0	0	357,245	176,070	181,175
English and French	5	0	0	137,120	69,025	68,095
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	60,495	29,540	30,950
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	116,595	56,445	60,150
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	39,875	19,575	20,300
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	2,105	1,070	1,030	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
None	2,090	1,065	1,025	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155
English	15	5	5	353,690	183,470	170,225
French	0	0	0	259,425	127,380	132,040
Non-official language	0	0	0	269,715	129,830	139,890
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	264,405	127,330	137,070
English and French	0	0	0	61,955	31,425	30,525
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	76,755	38,765	37,990
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	55,860	26,915	28,945
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,595
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	19,290	9,695	9,595
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	2,080	1,050	1,030	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625
Official languages	2,080	1,050	1,030	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230
English	465	240	225	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465
French	2,080	1,050	1,030	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750
Non-official languages	35	15	15	1,853,710	899,285	954,430
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330
Cree languages	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	40
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	855	425	430
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	75	35	40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	265	120	145
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	90	45	45
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,000	495	505
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	370	210	160
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	370	205	160
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	1,750	800	955
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	210	110	100
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	155	75	70
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	30
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	20
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	95	50	45
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	90	50	40
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	65	40	25
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	20	20	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	15	0	10
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	240	125	110
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	215	110	100
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	15	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	30	30	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	20	20	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	45	15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	50	45
Non-Indigenous languages	35	15	15	1,804,195	875,095	929,095
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	385,210	201,105	184,100
Berber languages	0	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820
Kabyle	0	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930
Tamazight	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,000	545	455
Chadic languages	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350
Hausa	0	0	0	1,250	725	525
Mina	0	0	0	1,650	825	825
Coptic	0	0	0	1,150	580	575
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160
Bilen	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oromo	0	0	0	55	20	35
Somali	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	45	50
Semitic languages	0	0	0	363,875	190,005	173,870
Amharic	0	0	0	1,225	605	620
Arabic	0	0	0	343,675	179,750	163,930
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	935	460	480
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	205	110	100
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	80	45	35
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	660	310	345
Harari	0	0	0	15	10	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275
Maltese	0	0	0	40	20	25
Tigrigna	0	0	0	1,010	490	520
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	70
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	49,720	23,320	26,405
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855
Vietnamese	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	105	60	45
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	40,880	16,660	24,225
Bikol	0	0	0	340	150	190
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	655	285	370
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315
Fijian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,215	470	745
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,510	625	885
Kankanaey	0	0	0	85	45	45
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595
Merina	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,085	570	515
Malay	0	0	0	595	275	320
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	460	195	265
Pangasinan	0	0	0	200	90	105
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	33,810	13,330	20,480
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	215	100	115
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,645	655	990
Creole languages	0	0	0	135,275	62,040	73,235
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	118,010	53,530	64,480
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	340	165	175
Krio	0	0	0	75	25	50
Morisyen	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330
Sango	0	0	0	1,070	570	500
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	17,995	8,440	9,560
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320
Kannada	0	0	0	925	530	395
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200
Tamil	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100
Telugu	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205
Tulu	0	0	0	80	30	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40
Georgian	0	0	0	245	110	135
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	10	15	1,014,365	490,155	524,215
Albanian	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230
Armenian	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	95,385	45,060	50,330
Baltic languages	0	0	0	1,105	465	635
Latvian	0	0	0	440	180	260
Lithuanian	0	0	0	660	290	375
Slavic languages	0	0	0	94,580	44,695	49,885
Belarusian	0	0	0	410	185	230
Bulgarian	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165
Czech	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120
Macedonian	0	0	0	455	205	250
Polish	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235
Russian	0	0	0	55,485	26,345	29,135
Rusyn	0	0	0	15	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635
Bosnian	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540
Croatian	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405
Serbian	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	175	140
Slovak	0	0	0	1,380	630	750
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	810	340	465
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	55
Celtic languages	0	0	0	665	375	295
Irish	0	0	0	300	180	120
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	135	85	45
Welsh	0	0	0	85	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	80
Germanic languages	0	0	0	65,625	33,305	32,320
Frisian	0	0	0	65	20	45
High German languages	0	0	0	57,640	29,540	28,105
German	0	0	0	44,170	22,715	21,450
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,615	785	830
Yiddish	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265
Afrikaans	0	0	0	580	295	285
Dutch	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	40	0	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	735	340	400
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705
Danish	0	0	0	860	395	460
Icelandic	0	0	0	90	35	55
Norwegian	0	0	0	735	375	360
Swedish	0	0	0	1,905	980	920
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	115	100
Greek	0	0	0	50,375	24,835	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	136,020	71,180	64,840
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	90,745	48,355	42,395
Assamese	0	0	0	75	40	30
Bengali	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850
Gujarati	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050
Hindi	0	0	0	35,765	19,145	16,620
Kacchi	0	0	0	375	155	220
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	65	50
Konkani	0	0	0	235	130	105
Marathi	0	0	0	1,160	620	545
Nepali	0	0	0	1,375	740	635
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	50	60
Odia	0	0	0	45	25	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	25	40
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710
Rohingya	0	0	0	250	110	145
Sindhi	0	0	0	230	115	115
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,610	860	755
Urdu	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	770	445	320
Iranian languages	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755
Parsi	0	0	0	135	80	55
Pashto	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975
Persian languages	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160
Dari	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	180	115
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	100	65
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	15	684,830	324,095	360,735
Catalan	0	0	0	1,250	725	530
Italian	0	0	0	168,040	82,400	85,645
Portuguese	0	0	0	65,605	33,005	32,600
Romanian	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090
Spanish	25	10	15	453,905	210,400	243,505
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,105	670	435
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	150	135
Japanese	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820
Korean	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350
Mongolian	0	0	0	320	125	195
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	75,835	37,990	37,845
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115
Bamanankan	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720
Edo	0	0	0	365	190	175
Éwé	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825
Ga	0	0	0	375	225	150
Ganda	0	0	0	280	135	150
Gikuyu	0	0	0	80	25	55
Igbo	0	0	0	745	435	315
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065
Lingala	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	1,205	600	605
Mòoré	0	0	0	1,615	810	805
Mwani	0	0	0	80	45	35
Ndebele	0	0	0	180	85	95
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825
Shona	0	0	0	345	190	155
Soninke	0	0	0	570	375	195
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	85	40	45
Swahili	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040
Wojenaka	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095
Wolof	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595
Yoruba	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,865	905	960
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,845	895	950
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	995	555	440
Sign languages	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,310	575	735
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,555	830	725
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	107,415	49,840	57,575
Chinese languages	0	0	0	106,915	49,630	57,285
Hakka	0	0	0	810	370	445
Mandarin	0	0	0	80,520	37,100	43,420
Min Dong	0	0	0	70	35	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	1,255	565	685
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,500	785	715
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	125	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	465	190	275
Burmese	0	0	0	135	30	110
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	35	10	25
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	20	0	15
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	190	100	95
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	70
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	60	45
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160
Lao	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885
Thai	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25
Turkic languages	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	995	570	425
Kazakh	0	0	0	125	60	65
Turkish	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065
Uyghur	0	0	0	350	155	200
Uzbek	0	0	0	320	155	170
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	350	165	185
Uralic languages	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115
Estonian	0	0	0	230	90	140
Finnish	0	0	0	525	250	270
Hungarian	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	835	430	405
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,080	1,050	1,030	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	25	0	15	205,010	101,150	103,865
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	25	0	15	193,365	95,320	98,045
First Nations (North American Indian)	15	0	15	116,550	56,080	60,475
Métis	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265
Non-Indigenous identity	2,060	1,050	1,010	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,080	1,050	1,030	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	15	0	15	76,775	37,825	38,945
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,070	1,050	1,015	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	865	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Owner	640	...	...	2,245,605	...	...
Renter	225	...	...	1,497,010	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	6,425	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	865	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Condominium	25	...	...	515,590	...	...
Not condominium	840	...	...	3,233,445	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	865	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	32,020	...	...
1 bedroom	70	...	...	623,295	...	...
2 bedrooms	195	...	...	1,173,600	...	...
3 bedrooms	315	...	...	1,189,790	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	270	...	...	730,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	865	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	185	...	...	1,378,765	...	...
5 rooms	130	...	...	645,635	...	...
6 rooms	135	...	...	435,225	...	...
7 rooms	150	...	...	403,225	...	...
8 or more rooms	270	...	...	886,180	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	865	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
One person or fewer per room	865	...	...	3,700,720	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	48,315	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	865	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Suitable	855	...	...	3,606,260	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	142,775	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	865	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
1960 or before	260	...	...	879,375	...	...
1961 to 1980	215	...	...	1,114,690	...	...
1981 to 1990	90	...	...	509,120	...	...
1991 to 2000	80	...	...	385,315	...	...
2001 to 2005	35	...	...	198,595	...	...
2006 to 2010	65	...	...	231,930	...	...
2011 to 2015	85	...	...	212,290	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	35	...	...	217,715	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	865	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	835	...	...	3,512,925	...	...
Major repairs needed	25	...	...	236,110	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	865	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
One-maintainer household	455	...	...	2,097,670	...	...
Two-maintainer household	385	...	...	1,561,495	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	20	...	...	89,875	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	865	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
15 to 24 years	15	...	...	117,525	...	...
25 to 34 years	150	...	...	525,540	...	...
35 to 44 years	90	...	...	647,165	...	...
45 to 54 years	145	...	...	628,630	...	...
55 to 64 years	200	...	...	760,395	...	...
65 to 74 years	140	...	...	629,965	...	...
75 to 84 years	75	...	...	336,170	...	...
85 years and over	45	...	...	103,640	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	765	...	...	3,706,605	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	735	...	...	3,110,920	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	30	...	...	595,690	...	...
30% to less than 100%	25	...	...	542,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	865	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	901,440	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	30	...	...	537,090	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	112,775	...	...
Major repairs needed only	25	...	...	179,840	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	15,470	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	41,740	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	13,135	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,395	...	...
Acceptable housing	800	...	...	2,847,590	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	765	...	...	3,652,985	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	218,275	...	...
Not in core need	750	...	...	3,434,710	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	565	...	...	2,227,470	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	47.8	...	...	62.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	2.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	650	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	824	...	...	1,195	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	224,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	227,000	...	...	376,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	205	...	...	1,493,510	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.1	...	...	8.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.0	...	...	25.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	11.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	600	...	...	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	544	...	...	886	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	6,425	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	449	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	2,085	1,055	1,030	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	15	0	15	177,300	86,310	90,990
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	15	0	15	174,610	85,025	89,585
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	15	0	15	140,690	68,395	72,300
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	1,830	865	965
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	760	365	400
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	55	40	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	45	20	20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	35	20	15	203,425	96,595	106,830
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	35	20	15	200,985	95,520	105,460
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	20	15	177,925	84,210	93,720
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	535	240	295
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	45	25	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	25	30
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	2,030	1,035	995	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	2,085	1,055	1,030	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	2,085	1,055	1,030	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855
Canadian citizens aged under 18	430	215	210	1,570,720	805,100	765,625
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,655	835	820	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	0	0	0	518,265	264,490	253,775
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	2,085	1,055	1,030	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	2,065	1,045	1,015	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705
Immigrants⁸¹	20	0	10	1,210,600	588,960	621,640
Before 1980	10	0	10	187,200	91,895	95,300
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	124,610	61,850	62,755
1991 to 2000	0	0	0	190,495	91,635	98,860
2001 to 2010	0	0	0	312,210	150,825	161,390
2011 to 2021⁸²	0	0	0	396,090	192,745	203,340
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	193,345	93,485	99,855
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	202,740	99,260	103,480
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	205,770	113,500	92,275
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	20	0	15	1,210,600	588,955	621,645
Under 5 years	0	0	0	112,295	56,755	55,540
5 to 14 years	0	0	0	201,385	101,555	99,835
15 to 24 years	10	0	10	213,035	96,175	116,860
25 to 44 years	0	0	0	594,845	292,975	301,875
45 years and over	0	0	0	89,045	41,505	47,540
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	20	0	15	1,210,600	588,955	621,645
Americas	15	0	0	264,885	121,740	143,145
Brazil	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180
Colombia	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125
El Salvador	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730
Guyana	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260
Haiti	0	0	0	86,105	38,285	47,820
Jamaica	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590
Mexico	0	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455
Peru	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160
United States of America	0	0	0	24,945	12,195	12,745
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	61,020	28,545	32,480
Europe	0	0	0	309,015	154,110	154,910
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025
Croatia	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960
France	0	0	0	93,160	49,870	43,290
Germany	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295
Greece	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340
Hungary	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475
Italy	0	0	0	43,975	21,940	22,040
Netherlands	0	0	0	1,655	870	785
Poland	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555
Portugal	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805
Romania	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530
Russian Federation	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,610	760	850
Ukraine	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	47,310	23,240	24,075
Africa	0	0	0	302,010	153,655	148,355
Algeria	0	0	0	72,835	37,535	35,295
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140
Egypt	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805
Eritrea	0	0	0	600	305	300
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,045	485	565
Morocco	0	0	0	68,865	34,810	34,060
Nigeria	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025
Somalia	0	0	0	675	330	350
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,025	575	450
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	118,820	60,455	58,360
Asia	0	0	0	332,925	158,445	174,475
Afghanistan	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215
Iraq	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980
Lebanon	0	0	0	42,280	22,610	19,670
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170
Turkey	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	52,500	23,010	29,490
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485
Philippines	0	0	0	31,350	11,835	19,515
Viet Nam	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900
Bangladesh	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455
India	0	0	0	24,990	12,770	12,225
Pakistan	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	44,455	20,665	23,790
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	202,740	99,265	103,480
Americas	0	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920
Brazil	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410
Colombia	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315
Haiti	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395
Jamaica	0	0	0	215	130	90
Mexico	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280
United States of America	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440
Europe	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185
France	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655
Germany	0	0	0	530	295	240
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	100	85	15
Italy	0	0	0	700	420	285
Russian Federation	0	0	0	1,365	515	850
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,660	720	940
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	975	615	360
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845
Africa	0	0	0	70,310	34,215	36,095
Algeria	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245
Burundi	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120
Cameroon	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255
Egypt	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135
Eritrea	0	0	0	300	160	135
Ethiopia	0	0	0	155	75	75
Morocco	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080
Nigeria	0	0	0	995	525	470
Somalia	0	0	0	75	40	30
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	190	100	85
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	100	55	45
Tunisia	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330
Asia	0	0	0	67,305	32,185	35,120
Afghanistan	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,190	565	625
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	150	70	75
India	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235
Iraq	0	0	0	715	385	325
Israel	0	0	0	395	205	185
Japan	0	0	0	325	75	250
Jordan	0	0	0	565	285	275
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,355	585	775
Lebanon	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700
Nepal	0	0	0	245	140	100
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025
Philippines	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	1,390	790	600
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	710	320	385
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425
Turkey	0	0	0	800	450	355
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	975	510	470
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	510	355	160
Australia	0	0	0	295	195	95
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	220	160	60
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	2,080	1,050	1,030	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625
First generation¹⁰⁰	30	15	15	1,471,845	728,125	743,715
Second generation¹⁰¹	15	10	10	883,485	446,000	437,490
Third generation or more¹⁰²	2,040	1,030	1,010	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10	0	0	1,023,400	497,055	526,340
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	0	0	0	559,935	290,040	269,895
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	0	0	0	267,870	161,125	106,740
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	0	0	0	292,070	128,915	163,155
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	0	0	0	272,255	109,735	162,515
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	175,740	89,995	85,740
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10	0	0	1,023,400	497,055	526,340
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	89,850	47,360	42,495
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	94,185	46,445	47,740
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	48,805	27,680	21,130
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	0	0	0	756,120	358,700	397,420
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	2,080	1,050	1,030	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	0	0	0	1,340,735	662,065	678,670
South Asian	0	0	0	127,990	67,140	60,850
Chinese	0	0	0	115,240	51,375	63,865
Black	0	0	0	422,405	206,335	216,070
Filipino	0	0	0	44,885	19,300	25,580
Arab	0	0	0	280,075	146,990	133,085
Latin American	0	0	0	172,925	85,035	87,880
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	70,455	33,510	36,945
West Asian	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735
Korean	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535
Japanese	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	2,080	1,050	1,030	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	2,080	1,050	1,030	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625
Canadian	915	440	470	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880
English	10	0	0	177,710	88,910	88,800
Irish	70	45	25	404,190	193,440	210,745
Scottish	0	0	0	192,685	93,120	99,565
French, n.o.s.¹²²	350	180	170	1,778,900	897,890	881,010
German	40	15	25	124,305	60,295	64,010
Chinese	0	0	0	123,985	55,730	68,255
Italian	20	0	20	316,315	157,600	158,720
Indian (India)	0	0	0	65,790	34,390	31,405
Ukrainian	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095
Dutch	0	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305
Polish	0	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495
Québécois	360	200	160	931,940	465,630	466,305
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275
Filipino	0	0	0	43,580	18,815	24,760
French Canadian	255	130	120	588,805	290,630	298,180
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	35	20	15	149,955	75,935	74,020
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	35	15	20	138,030	64,935	73,095
Métis	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	99,420	50,795	48,625
Russian	0	0	0	47,195	21,990	25,200
Norwegian	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160
Welsh	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810
Portuguese	0	0	0	64,385	32,135	32,255
American	10	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230
Spanish	0	0	0	77,735	37,960	39,775
Swedish	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700
Hungarian	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950
Acadian	120	60	55	83,945	39,450	44,495
Pakistani	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	73,930	36,725	37,205
Jewish	0	0	0	57,320	29,015	28,305
Punjabi	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725
Vietnamese	0	0	0	45,570	21,910	23,665
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	104,735	55,130	49,610
Greek	0	0	0	69,705	35,085	34,620
Jamaican	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005
Korean	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720
Romanian	0	0	0	46,765	22,775	23,995
Lebanese	0	0	0	78,210	40,740	37,470
Iranian	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	45	20	25	81,820	41,395	40,425
Danish	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190
Sikh	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415
Austrian	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610
Belgian	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315
Haitian	0	0	0	156,065	73,495	82,570
Hindu	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125
Mexican	0	0	0	34,305	16,985	17,320
Mennonite	0	0	0	695	325	365
Swiss	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110
Finnish	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240
Croatian	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370
Japanese	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955
Muslim	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965
Egyptian	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585
Tamil	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970
Icelandic	0	0	0	1,135	660	470
Colombian	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680
Moroccan	0	0	0	81,230	41,590	39,635
Czech	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985
Syrian	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770
Guyanese	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825
Afghan	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465
Serbian	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,120	540	585
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	1,830	935	895
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080
Ontarian	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140
Persian	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790
Turkish	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445
Algerian	0	0	0	65,860	33,955	31,905
Brazilian	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155
Nigerian	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630
Armenian	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530
Slovak	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790
Somali	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110
Taiwanese	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950
Iraqi	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095
Salvadorean	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670
African Caribbean	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170
Algonquin	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995
South African	0	0	0	1,045	545	500
Australian	0	0	0	1,820	885	935
Palestinian	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055
Chilean	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265
Congolese	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,430	640	790
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,440	740	705
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185
Peruvian	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265
Berber	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990
Albanian	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265
Maltese	0	0	0	1,095	585	510
Macedonian	0	0	0	680	325	355
Slovenian	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310
New Brunswicker	20	20	0	4,900	2,340	2,560
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,340	710	630
Eritrean	0	0	0	800	400	400
African Canadian	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880
Israeli	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285
Mohawk	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	1,620	790	830
Bulgarian	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815
Albertan	0	0	0	410	175	240
Ghanaian	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590
Barbadian	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390
African American	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110
Tunisian	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455
Cuban	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150
Venezuelan	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455
Latvian	0	0	0	1,640	760	875
Bengali	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285
Cameroonian	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510
Guatemalan	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135
Laotian	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,445	705	745
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,200	595	600
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,695	890	800
British Columbian	0	0	0	280	110	170
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165
Argentinian	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925
Estonian	0	0	0	885	450	435
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190
Fijian	0	0	0	50	15	35
Jatt	0	0	0	605	290	315
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160
Coptic	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290
Thai	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040
Dominican	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800
Nepali	0	0	0	980	505	475
Kabyle	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440
Assyrian	0	0	0	835	395	440
Igbo	0	0	0	880	535	340
Byelorussian	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	70	40	30
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	430	210	220
Abenaki	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790
Moldovan	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615
New Zealander	0	0	0	625	360	265
Sudanese	0	0	0	500	245	255
Breton	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	140	50	90
Malaysian	0	0	0	840	405	440
Plains Cree	0	0	0	180	95	90
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	245	110	130
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,365	635	730
Gaspesian	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780
Norman	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	475	225	250
Ivorian	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905
Saulteaux	0	0	0	155	80	80
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	1,485	750	735
Burundian	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970
Tigrinya	0	0	0	410	230	185
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365
Mauritian	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700
Kenyan	0	0	0	525	245	280
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	65	25	40
Vincentian	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840
Jordanian	0	0	0	1,455	815	635
Manitoban	0	0	0	480	225	255
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	205	95	110
Rwandan	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,445	590	850
Malayali	0	0	0	450	235	215
Chaldean	0	0	0	265	115	155
Sinhalese	0	0	0	520	255	265
Mayan	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630
Honduran	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080
Cherokee	0	0	0	640	320	315
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	55	15	40
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	500	220	280
Flemish	0	0	0	1,595	830	765
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	340	180	160
Senegalese	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	990	500	490
Sicilian	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050
Pashtun	0	0	0	750	410	335
Malay	0	0	0	495	215	280
Goan	0	0	0	300	140	165
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195
Tibetan	0	0	0	260	125	135
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	425	225	200
Burmese	0	0	0	580	265	320
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,165	550	620
Azorean	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095
Atikamekw	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065
Bamileke	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	180	90	90
Ugandan	0	0	0	240	100	145
Oromo	0	0	0	90	50	45
Tanzanian	0	0	0	485	250	240
Yemeni	0	0	0	795	435	365
Central African	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950
Libyan	0	0	0	980	485	495
Basque	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850
Uruguayan	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	1,870	925	945
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930
Igorot	0	0	0	340	130	210
Fulani	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	50	25	20
Guinean	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725
St. Lucian	0	0	0	520	240	280
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	115	45	65
Maliseet	15	0	10	3,070	1,470	1,605
Beninese	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170
Telugu	0	0	0	320	205	115
Roma	0	0	0	525	270	250
Costa Rican	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	365	180	180
Malagasy	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630
Kashmiri	0	0	0	280	160	125
Singaporean	0	0	0	160	100	65
Karen	0	0	0	55	30	30
Edo	0	0	0	425	195	230
Tajik	0	0	0	635	300	335
Amhara	0	0	0	160	85	75
Paraguayan	0	0	0	315	145	175
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	2,085	1,050	1,030	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Buddhist	0	0	0	48,365	21,395	26,980
Christian	1,780	870	905	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	270	125	140	464,020	229,155	234,860
Anabaptist	0	0	0	800	365	435
Anglican	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230
Baptist	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885
Catholic	1,500	735	765	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	145,805	70,840	74,965
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405
Lutheran	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735
Presbyterian	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180
Reformed	0	0	0	1,220	620	600
United Church	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	104,790	48,840	55,950
Hindu	0	0	0	47,390	25,045	22,345
Jewish	0	0	0	84,530	41,470	43,065
Muslim	0	0	0	421,710	218,255	203,455
Sikh	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010
No religion and secular perspectives	300	180	120	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	2,050	1,030	1,020	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870
Non-movers	1,960	980	980	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330
Movers	95	50	40	945,290	466,750	478,540
Non-migrants	50	25	25	543,670	268,740	274,925
Migrants	40	25	20	401,625	198,010	203,615
Internal migrants	40	25	20	349,095	170,740	178,355
Intraprovincial migrants	40	25	20	321,005	156,550	164,455
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895
External migrants	0	0	0	52,530	27,270	25,265
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,975	990	990	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760
Non-movers	1,625	810	815	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060
Movers	355	175	175	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700
Non-migrants	85	60	25	1,312,590	644,860	667,730
Migrants	265	125	145	1,763,060	874,090	888,970
Internal migrants	265	125	145	1,442,970	707,975	734,995
Intraprovincial migrants	265	125	145	1,359,165	666,050	693,115
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	83,805	41,925	41,880
External migrants	0	0	0	320,090	166,115	153,975
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,720	875	845	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	385	245	140	1,426,055	773,160	652,895
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,335	635	705	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,060	520	530	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	145	105	40	642,800	382,415	260,380
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	915	425	490	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,720	875	845	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
No certificate, diploma or degree	325	205	125	1,256,550	656,495	600,060
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	375	180	205	1,482,020	719,250	762,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,015	495	520	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	835	425	410	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	425	290	135	1,096,360	666,925	429,435
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	340	215	125	793,030	427,220	365,815
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	85	70	10	303,330	239,705	63,620
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	370	140	235	1,202,040	528,525	673,515
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	40	0	40	252,815	102,150	150,665
Bachelor's degree or higher	180	70	110	1,628,940	741,170	887,765
Bachelor's degree	120	40	75	1,011,695	443,295	568,405
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	0	15	149,425	66,595	82,825
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	10	0	43,755	20,810	22,940
Master's degree	30	15	10	360,795	174,150	186,645
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	63,270	36,320	26,955
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,055	525	535	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765
No certificate, diploma or degree	100	65	30	525,155	303,815	221,345
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	205	80	120	752,855	388,160	364,700
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	755	375	380	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	625	330	290	1,849,290	942,950	906,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	350	230	115	836,455	498,385	338,075
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	275	170	110	609,895	319,470	290,425
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	70	60	10	226,565	178,915	47,650
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	255	105	150	838,140	372,455	465,685
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20	0	20	174,695	72,115	102,580
Bachelor's degree or higher	130	40	85	1,307,225	573,835	733,395
Bachelor's degree	85	25	60	802,755	343,100	459,650
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	10	119,460	50,155	69,310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920
Master's degree	25	10	15	302,065	140,530	161,530
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	49,500	26,520	22,985
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,720	880	845	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	710	380	325	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830
Education	115	20	95	292,470	65,830	226,640
13. Education	115	20	95	292,470	65,830	226,640
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	0	20	166,900	75,420	91,480
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990
50. Visual and performing arts	20	0	20	143,365	58,875	84,490
Humanities	20	20	0	228,770	90,810	137,960
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	15	0	107,105	44,755	62,345
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735
54. History	0	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	31,240	9,565	21,680
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60	15	45	430,845	142,280	288,570
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	57,080	19,060	38,020
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	20	0	20	79,155	6,625	72,535
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	15	77,880	29,725	48,160
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825
42. Psychology	0	0	0	65,230	15,095	50,135
45. Social sciences	15	10	0	134,510	67,065	67,440
Business, management and public administration	185	65	120	950,820	357,290	593,535
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	780	305	475
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	55,355	12,215	43,145
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	175	65	110	894,690	344,770	549,925
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	0	25	158,655	83,605	75,050
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	0	15	57,680	23,925	33,755
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	10	25,605	14,230	11,375
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	42,530	29,180	13,350
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	25	15	177,780	124,955	52,825
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	10	15	147,845	110,915	36,930
25. Library science	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	15,160	9,515	5,645
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	250	225	20	866,885	778,835	88,060
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10	33,975	19,075	14,895
14. Engineering	0	0	0	181,290	147,120	34,170
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30	25	10	161,440	141,185	20,255
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	180	65	115
46. Construction trades	65	60	10	189,550	182,910	6,635
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	75	75	0	179,610	173,605	6,010
48. Precision production	60	60	0	120,835	114,865	5,975
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	130	90	40	99,230	60,010	39,225
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	125	90	40	64,510	34,415	30,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125
Health and related fields	110	15	95	515,215	101,455	413,760
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	110	15	95	470,150	78,875	391,275
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	845	270	575
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700
Personal, protective and transportation services	80	30	50	291,295	157,925	133,365
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	55	0	50	154,335	42,710	111,625
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	355	320	35
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905
49. Transportation and materials moving	25	25	0	77,545	69,880	7,660
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	1,280	370	905
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,055	525	530	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	305	150	155	1,278,015	691,975	586,035
Education	55	0	50	195,595	39,630	155,965
13. Education	55	0	50	195,595	39,630	155,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	15	129,065	58,170	70,895
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	15	110,860	45,555	65,305
Humanities	10	10	0	144,140	56,410	87,730
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	61,125	26,395	34,730
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,415	485	930
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725
54. History	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	15	30	334,475	103,635	230,840
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	47,510	15,360	32,155
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	20	0	15	64,690	4,665	60,025
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	59,965	20,645	39,325
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060
42. Psychology	0	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835
45. Social sciences	10	10	0	101,105	49,385	51,720
Business, management and public administration	160	55	100	741,390	268,705	472,685
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	545	245	300
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	155	55	90	697,775	259,725	438,045
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	0	15	102,055	53,195	48,865
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10	46,430	18,895	27,530
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	10	10	147,350	104,880	42,465
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	0	10	126,845	95,720	31,120
25. Library science	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	195	175	20	665,365	588,950	76,415
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580
14. Engineering	0	0	0	152,450	121,715	30,735
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30	25	10	121,270	104,235	17,035
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	170	65	105
46. Construction trades	55	45	10	142,000	136,435	5,570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	50	50	0	133,660	128,555	5,100
48. Precision production	45	45	0	88,560	83,270	5,290
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	100	70	30	79,190	45,870	33,320
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	90	70	20	51,620	26,290	25,335
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985
Health and related fields	85	10	75	387,725	74,730	312,995
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	85	10	75	352,905	58,735	294,170
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	730	180	550
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710
Personal, protective and transportation services	70	30	40	229,120	122,320	106,800
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	50	0	40	120,395	31,320	89,075
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	280	250	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	900	770	125
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230
49. Transportation and materials moving	20	20	0	61,730	55,385	6,340
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	1,040	290	750
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	1,055	525	530	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	305	150	155	1,278,015	691,975	586,035
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	755	375	375	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730
Location of study inside Canada	755	375	375	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400
Same as province or territory of residence	750	370	375	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410
Different than province or territory of residence	10	10	0	116,855	57,870	58,990
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	0	0	0	414,490	209,160	205,330
Americas	0	0	0	81,780	40,955	40,820
United States of America	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930
Mexico	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350
Cuba	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555
Haiti	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245
Jamaica	0	0	0	215	125	95
Brazil	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540
Colombia	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340
Peru	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815
Europe	0	0	0	138,260	74,045	64,210
Belgium	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030
France	0	0	0	77,225	43,085	34,135
Germany	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070
Netherlands	0	0	0	935	530	415
Switzerland	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090
Hungary	0	0	0	370	190	180
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750
Poland	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080
Romania	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040
Russian Federation	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905
Ukraine	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	465	290	175
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	715	360	360
Italy	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	345	155	180
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245
Africa	0	0	0	95,260	49,800	45,460
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,835	955	880
Algeria	0	0	0	30,560	15,715	14,850
Morocco	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330
Tunisia	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730
Egypt	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	290	295
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310
Asia	0	0	0	96,865	43,055	53,805
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075
Iraq	0	0	0	795	380	415
Israel	0	0	0	1,315	650	665
Lebanon	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165
Turkey	0	0	0	1,210	685	525
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570
Taiwan	0	0	0	665	235	430
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	405	170	235
Japan	0	0	0	1,395	435	955
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450
Philippines	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	970	410	565
India	0	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205
Oceania	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025
Australia	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785
New Zealand	0	0	0	400	215	185
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	130	75	55
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,720	875	845	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
In the labour force	1,260	675	585	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870
Employed	1,205	660	550	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095
Unemployed	60	25	35	335,015	176,245	158,775
Not in the labour force	460	195	260	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340
Participation rate	73.3	77.1	69.2	64.1	67.4	60.9
Employment rate	70.1	75.4	65.1	59.3	62.3	56.3
Unemployment rate	4.8	3.7	6.0	7.6	7.7	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,720	880	845	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215
Did not work¹⁸⁶	430	185	245	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125
Worked	1,290	690	600	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	670	405	260	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	620	285	340	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.8	44.3	41.0	41.3	41.7	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	1,260	680	585	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	1,255	675	575	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905
Employee	1,015	525	490	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740
Permanent position	855	460	390	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885
Temporary position	160	65	95	623,510	296,655	326,850
Fixed term (1 year or more)	25	0	20	217,905	94,210	123,700
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	135	55	75	405,605	202,450	203,155
Self-employed¹⁹²	240	150	90	530,720	324,555	206,165
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	1,260	680	585	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970
All occupations¹⁹¹	1,255	675	575	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	15	10	0	79,745	57,370	22,370
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	150	60	95	778,905	256,150	522,760
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	85	45	40	360,495	272,510	87,985
3 Health occupations	115	15	95	359,665	70,075	289,590
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	105	10	95	558,725	166,020	392,700
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	146,560	72,400	74,165
6 Sales and service occupations	230	80	155	1,064,155	499,825	564,335
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	235	225	10	702,290	645,355	56,935
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	200	130	70	86,625	68,885	17,735
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	115	100	15	207,740	150,405	57,335
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	1,260	680	585	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970
All industries¹⁹¹	1,255	675	575	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	235	145	90	79,050	55,055	23,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695
22 Utilities	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330
23 Construction	90	80	0	296,035	254,795	41,240
31-33 Manufacturing	180	155	25	449,115	320,715	128,405
41 Wholesale trade	65	50	15	147,340	96,670	50,670
44-45 Retail trade	95	45	55	514,090	248,905	265,185
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	50	45	10	209,445	161,115	48,330
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	94,130	57,495	36,630
52 Finance and insurance	45	20	30	169,985	74,020	95,960
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	10	0	63,030	35,450	27,575
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	95	35	65	345,345	193,365	151,985
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	171,345	104,695	66,645
61 Educational services	55	10	50	340,885	104,300	236,590
62 Health care and social assistance	165	25	140	617,200	122,675	494,525
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	72,700	38,810	33,890
72 Accommodation and food services	40	10	25	232,480	109,950	122,530
81 Other services (except public administration)	75	40	40	190,470	89,730	100,735
91 Public administration	30	15	15	290,765	144,705	146,055
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,350	725	630	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785
English	0	0	0	350,525	195,385	155,145
French	1,295	685	610	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555
Non-official language	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690
English and French	45	35	15	1,245,535	671,300	574,230
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	52,970	26,700	26,265
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	725	435	290
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,350	725	630	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785
Single responses	1,345	715	630	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790
Official languages	1,345	715	630	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665
English	0	0	0	668,485	365,785	302,695
French	1,340	715	625	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965
Non-official languages	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,015	585	430
Cree languages	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	110	65	40
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	760	375	385
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	20	15	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	1,570	720	855
Naskapi	0	0	0	155	80	80
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	10	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	0	20
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	20	0	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	25	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	30	20	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	160	70	95
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,640	720	920
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	315	140	175
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,325	585	745
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	150	70	75
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	120	55	65
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	330	150	175
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	325	145	175
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	160	65	95
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0	150	65	85
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735
Albanian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Armenian	0	0	0	310	200	115
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,025	395	625
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,025	395	625
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	135	45	90
Russian	0	0	0	735	280	450
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Serbian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	55	25	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	1,420	725	695
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,345	680	665
German	0	0	0	300	175	125
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	35	20	20
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,000	485	520
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	35	25	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	35	20	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	40	20	15
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	420	180	240
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885
Bengali	0	0	0	115	40	70
Gujarati	0	0	0	35	10	20
Hindi	0	0	0	145	70	75
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,480	855	625
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	160	80	85
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	600	345	255
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	570	320	250
Dari	0	0	0	185	115	75
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	365	200	165
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italian	0	0	0	445	220	225
Portuguese	0	0	0	485	185	300
Romanian	0	0	0	230	135	95
Spanish	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	30	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	220	40	185
Korean	0	0	0	370	165	215
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	90	55	40
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	35	30	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages	0	0	0	325	125	195
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	15	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	265	100	170
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210
Chinese languages	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	75	30	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	50	15	35
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	10	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	140	65	70
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	135	65	70
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	20	0	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	10	0	269,365	142,370	126,995
English and French	10	10	0	249,945	132,640	117,300
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	90	30	60
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,350	725	630	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785
None	1,315	695	615	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585
English	40	25	15	720,960	391,075	329,885
French	0	0	0	302,145	161,340	140,805
Non-official language	0	0	0	32,245	16,505	15,745
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	29,220	15,155	14,065
English and French	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	280	160	125
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	1,205	655	545	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095
Worked at home	245	130	120	897,770	435,285	462,480
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380
No fixed workplace address	120	75	45	442,035	333,730	108,305
Usual place of work	835	450	385	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	840	450	385	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	255	125	135	1,475,055	685,340	789,710
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	275	155	125	419,210	203,335	215,875
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	305	175	130	823,150	442,385	380,765
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	955	530	425	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235
Car, truck or van	820	465	355	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535
Car, truck or van - as a driver	770	435	340	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	50	30	15	150,535	63,495	87,040
Public transit	0	0	0	287,345	120,460	166,885
Walked	120	50	65	178,645	78,570	100,075
Bicycle	0	0	0	40,420	26,585	13,835
Other method	15	10	0	54,645	28,740	25,895
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	955	530	425	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235
Less than 15 minutes	375	180	195	1,005,850	482,465	523,385
15 to 29 minutes	320	190	135	1,110,975	578,835	532,140
30 to 44 minutes	190	115	75	635,870	363,430	272,445
45 to 59 minutes	45	30	15	235,140	133,720	101,425
60 minutes and over	30	15	15	206,480	126,635	79,840
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	955	530	425	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	55	45	10	241,420	189,270	52,155
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	245	180	70	569,745	368,480	201,265
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	330	150	180	935,640	441,465	494,170
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	135	60	75	626,895	259,220	367,675
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	70	25	45	330,930	142,495	188,435
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	115	65	50	489,685	284,160	205,530
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	485	250	230	1,677,585	859,745	817,835
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30	10	20	303,835	156,030	147,805
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	455	245	210	1,373,745	703,720	670,030
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	345	175	170	1,222,970	626,390	596,585
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	10	15	230,080	118,075	112,005
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	20	5	10	175,305	90,000	85,305
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	0	0	54,775	28,070	26,700
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	315	165	155	992,895	508,315	484,580

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 22, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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