Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Québec, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	549,459
Population, 2016¹	531,902
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.3
Total private dwellings²	283,219
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	265,711
Population density per square kilometre	1,214.8
Land area in square kilometres	452.30
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	549,460
0 to 14 years	81,030
0 to 4 years	25,250
5 to 9 years	28,145
10 to 14 years	27,630
15 to 64 years	343,410
15 to 19 years	24,665
20 to 24 years	31,980
25 to 29 years	39,470
30 to 34 years	36,900
35 to 39 years	36,280
40 to 44 years	36,805
45 to 49 years	30,685
50 to 54 years	30,385
55 to 59 years	37,125
60 to 64 years	39,105
65 years and over	125,020
65 to 69 years	36,000
70 to 74 years	32,360
75 to 79 years	24,930
80 to 84 years	15,680
85 years and over	16,050
85 to 89 years	9,810
90 to 94 years	4,875
95 to 99 years	1,210
100 years and over	155
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.7
15 to 64 years	62.5
65 years and over	22.8
85 years and over	2.9
Average age of the population	43.8
Median age of the population	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	265,710
Single-detached house	80,885
Semi-detached house	14,020
Row house	6,945
Apartment or flat in a duplex	17,110
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	120,775
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	23,520
Other single-attached house	1,080
Movable dwelling⁴	1,380
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	265,710
1 person	110,300
2 persons	92,215
3 persons	28,440
4 persons	24,375
5 or more persons	10,375
Number of persons in private households	533,530
Average household size	2.0
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	468,435
Married or living common-law	253,785
Married	126,990
Living common-law	126,790
Living common law - Never married	105,435
Living common law - Separated	1,030
Living common law - Divorced	18,100
Living common law - Widowed	2,235
Not married and not living common-law	214,645
Not married and not living common law - Never married	151,010
Not married and not living common law - Separated	6,010
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	32,865
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	24,765
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	145,765
2 persons	86,680
3 persons	26,320
4 persons	23,555
5 or more persons	9,215
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	145,770
Total couple families	124,015
Married couples	60,675
With children⁶	22,995
Without children	37,675
Common-law couples	63,340
With children⁶	27,815
Without children	35,530
Total one-parent families	21,750
in which the parent is a woman+	15,725
in which the parent is a man+	6,025
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	533,535
Total - Persons in census families	395,570
Married spouses or common-law partners	248,030
Parents in one-parent families	21,750
Children⁶	125,785
In a two-parent family	93,620
In a one-parent family	32,165
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	137,965
Living alone	110,305
Living with other relatives⁷	8,035
Living with non-relatives only	19,625
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	265,710
One-census-family households without additional persons	140,370
Couple-family households	120,310
With children⁶	49,305
Without children	71,005
One-parent-family households	20,060
Multigenerational households⁸	1,310
Multiple-census-family households⁹	320
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,945
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10,455
One-person households	110,300
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	452,670
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	445,060
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	445,165
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	412,055
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	323,940
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	365,185
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,690
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	116,995
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	452,690
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	445,235
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	445,345
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	412,490
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	323,975
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	365,375
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,545
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,990
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	116,935
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,880
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	452,690
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	161,675
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	130,435
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	452,670
Without total income	7,610
With total income	445,060
Under $10,000 (including loss)	23,705
$10,000 to $19,999	46,100
$20,000 to $29,999	66,355
$30,000 to $39,999	59,785
$40,000 to $49,999	59,880
$50,000 to $59,999	51,390
$60,000 to $69,999	38,075
$70,000 to $79,999	27,565
$80,000 to $89,999	21,495
$90,000 to $99,999	15,195
$100,000 and over	35,515
$100,000 to $149,999	25,730
$150,000 and over	9,780
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	452,670
Without after-tax income	7,505
With after-tax income	445,170
Under $10,000 (including loss)	26,225
$10,000 to $19,999	48,700
$20,000 to $29,999	79,415
$30,000 to $39,999	78,160
$40,000 to $49,999	72,230
$50,000 to $59,999	51,580
$60,000 to $69,999	33,950
$70,000 to $79,999	22,125
$80,000 to $89,999	12,200
$90,000 to $99,999	6,785
$100,000 and over	13,795
$100,000 to $124,999	7,455
$125,000 and over	6,335
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	452,670
Without employment income	128,725
With employment income	323,945
Under $5,000 (including loss)	38,525
$5,000 to $9,999	24,660
$10,000 to $19,999	37,695
$20,000 to $29,999	30,765
$30,000 to $39,999	31,680
$40,000 to $49,999	34,790
$50,000 to $59,999	30,150
$60,000 to $69,999	23,500
$70,000 to $79,999	18,835
$80,000 to $89,999	16,175
$90,000 to $99,999	11,000
$100,000 and over	26,165
$100,000 to $124,999	13,465
$125,000 and over	12,705
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	452,670
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	439,575
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	439,730
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	407,300
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	325,985
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	334,930
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	40,235
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	452,690
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	439,740
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	439,885
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	407,365
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	326,075
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	334,765
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40,430
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	452,690
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	160,815
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	124,130
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	86.0
Employment income (%)	69.2
Government transfers (%)	13.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	265,710
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	110,300
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	155,410
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	265,710
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,800
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,100
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	110,290
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,840
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,960
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	155,425
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,100
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,800
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	265,710
Under $5,000	2,175
$5,000 to $9,999	1,550
$10,000 to $14,999	3,550
$15,000 to $19,999	5,995
$20,000 to $24,999	14,830
$25,000 to $29,999	10,260
$30,000 to $34,999	10,545
$35,000 to $39,999	12,735
$40,000 to $44,999	13,150
$45,000 to $49,999	12,755
$50,000 to $59,999	23,710
$60,000 to $69,999	20,575
$70,000 to $79,999	18,435
$80,000 to $89,999	16,915
$90,000 to $99,999	14,735
$100,000 and over	83,795
$100,000 to $124,999	29,105
$125,000 to $149,999	19,430
$150,000 to $199,999	20,830
$200,000 and over	14,430
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	265,710
Under $5,000	2,435
$5,000 to $9,999	1,615
$10,000 to $14,999	3,670
$15,000 to $19,999	6,350
$20,000 to $24,999	16,085
$25,000 to $29,999	13,250
$30,000 to $34,999	14,215
$35,000 to $39,999	16,260
$40,000 to $44,999	16,495
$45,000 to $49,999	14,820
$50,000 to $59,999	26,085
$60,000 to $69,999	22,880
$70,000 to $79,999	20,505
$80,000 to $89,999	17,625
$90,000 to $99,999	14,845
$100,000 and over	58,575
$100,000 to $124,999	26,315
$125,000 to $149,999	15,145
$150,000 and over	17,115
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	147,410
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000
Average family size of economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	71,650
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	50,930
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	21,405
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	129,925
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	147,255
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,700
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,900
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	71,620
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,700
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50,915
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,900
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	21,345
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,500
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	130,030
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	533,535
0 to 17 years	94,995
0 to 5 years	30,640
18 to 64 years	325,620
65 years and over	112,920
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	56,125
0 to 17 years	7,260
0 to 5 years	2,530
18 to 64 years	30,590
65 years and over	18,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.5
0 to 17 years (%)	7.6
0 to 5 years (%)	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	9.4
65 years and over (%)	16.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	533,535
0 to 17 years	94,995
0 to 5 years	30,640
18 to 64 years	325,620
65 years and over	112,925
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	32,920
0 to 17 years	3,665
0 to 5 years	1,220
18 to 64 years	22,960
65 years and over	6,295
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.9
0 to 5 years (%)	4.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.1
65 years and over (%)	5.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	533,530
In bottom half of the distribution	283,750
In bottom decile	49,565
In second decile	51,865
In third decile	58,000
In fourth decile	62,105
In fifth decile	62,215
In top half of the distribution	249,785
In sixth decile	62,055
In seventh decile	58,870
In eighth decile	54,210
In ninth decile	42,235
In top decile	32,415
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	533,535
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.307
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.416
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.263
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	542,435
English only	2,150
French only	306,375
English and French	231,725
Neither English nor French	2,180
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	542,435
English	10,130
French	522,475
English and French	7,795
Neither English nor French	2,040
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	542,435
Single responses	532,460
Official languages	499,205
English	7,685
French	491,515
Non-official languages	33,255
Indigenous languages³⁹	355
Algonquian languages	325
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	320
Atikamekw	30
Cree languages	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5
Innu (Montagnais)	265
Naskapi	20
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	32,900
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,990
Berber languages	915
Kabyle	730
Tamazight	135
Berber languages, n.i.e.	55
Chadic languages	95
Hausa	50
Mina	45
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	65
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	55
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Semitic languages	6,915
Amharic	5
Arabic	6,885
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	15
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,080
Khmer (Cambodian)	330
Vietnamese	750
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	525
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	15
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	20
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	255
Merina	145
Malagasy, n.o.s.	115
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	170
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50
Creole languages	815
Haitian Creole	545
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	20
Sango	165
Creole, n.o.s.	60
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15
Dravidian languages	70
Kannada	0
Malayalam	10
Tamil	25
Telugu	30
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	16,515
Albanian	230
Armenian	50
Balto-Slavic languages	2,230
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	2,220
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	210
Czech	25
Macedonian	0
Polish	220
Russian	670
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	965
Bosnian	620
Croatian	110
Serbian	205
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25
Slovak	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	530
Frisian	0
High German languages	375
German	355
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	105
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	30
Danish	10
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5
Greek	95
Indo-Iranian languages	1,690
Indo-Aryan languages	800
Assamese	0
Bengali	90
Gujarati	10
Hindi	55
Kacchi	5
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	15
Nepali	460
Oriya languages	5
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5
Rohingya	115
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5
Urdu	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	895
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	100
Parsi	0
Pashto	5
Persian languages	780
Dari	210
Iranian Persian	505
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	11,685
Catalan	20
Italian	490
Portuguese	2,520
Romanian	795
Spanish	7,850
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	135
Korean	65
Mongolian	5
Niger-Congo languages	3,830
Akan (Twi)	10
Bamanankan	140
Edo	0
Éwé	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	245
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	480
Lingala	145
Luba-Kasai	5
Mòoré	35
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	640
Shona	0
Soninke	10
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	950
Wojenaka	100
Wolof	365
Yoruba	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	590
Nilo-Saharan languages	140
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	125
African, n.o.s.	15
Sign languages	120
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	95
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,255
Chinese languages	1,170
Hakka	5
Mandarin	840
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	10
Yue (Cantonese)	245
Chinese, n.o.s.	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	85
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	15
S'gaw Karen	15
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	60
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5
Tai-Kadai languages	160
Lao	90
Thai	70
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	80
Azerbaijani	15
Kazakh	0
Turkish	60
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	110
Estonian	5
Finnish	15
Hungarian	90
Other languages, n.i.e.	10
Multiple responses	9,970
English and French	4,530
English and non-official language(s)	340
French and non-official language(s)	4,320
English, French and non-official language(s)	465
Multiple non-official languages	315
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	542,435
English	3,775
French	480,760
Non-official language	9,035
Indigenous³⁹	95
Non-Indigenous	8,935
English and French	21,740
English and non-official language(s)	980
French and non-official language(s)	19,480
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,105
Multiple non-official languages	560
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	542,435
Single responses	531,650
Official languages	514,060
English	6,770
French	507,295
Non-official languages	17,585
Indigenous languages³⁹	190
Algonquian languages	175
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	170
Atikamekw	10
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	140
Naskapi	25
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,395
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,520
Berber languages	375
Kabyle	285
Tamazight	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	50
Chadic languages	40
Hausa	30
Mina	10
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	25
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	25
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	3,090
Amharic	0
Arabic	3,075
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	575
Khmer (Cambodian)	130
Vietnamese	445
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	280
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	5
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	115
Merina	45
Malagasy, n.o.s.	70
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	120
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30
Creole languages	300
Haitian Creole	160
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	5
Sango	100
Creole, n.o.s.	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	35
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	15
Telugu	15
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	10,115
Albanian	130
Armenian	25
Balto-Slavic languages	1,150
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	1,150
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	110
Czech	5
Macedonian	0
Polish	45
Russian	410
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	515
Bosnian	325
Croatian	65
Serbian	105
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	65
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	90
Frisian	0
High German languages	55
German	50
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	25
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	20
Indo-Iranian languages	1,265
Indo-Aryan languages	635
Assamese	0
Bengali	80
Gujarati	10
Hindi	35
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	10
Nepali	405
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Rohingya	80
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	630
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	75
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	550
Dari	120
Iranian Persian	380
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,430
Catalan	10
Italian	100
Portuguese	1,835
Romanian	400
Spanish	5,080
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	70
Korean	25
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,200
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	25
Edo	0
Éwé	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	145
Lingala	40
Luba-Kasai	5
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	235
Shona	0
Soninke	5
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	420
Wojenaka	45
Wolof	125
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	70
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	180
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	140
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	920
Chinese languages	840
Hakka	0
Mandarin	655
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	155
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	80
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	10
S'gaw Karen	10
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	55
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45
Lao	35
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	30
Azerbaijani	15
Kazakh	0
Turkish	15
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	35
Estonian	0
Finnish	5
Hungarian	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	10,780
English and French	4,225
English and non-official language(s)	305
French and non-official language(s)	5,520
English, French and non-official language(s)	665
Multiple non-official languages	70
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	542,435
None	502,640
English	16,745
French	8,425
Non-official language	9,385
Indigenous³⁹	110
Non-Indigenous	9,280
English and French	1,135
English and non-official language(s)	2,595
French and non-official language(s)	670
English, French and non-official language(s)	155
Multiple non-official languages	680
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	533,540
Official languages	531,350
English	232,115
French	529,110
Non-official languages	66,825
Indigenous languages³⁹	685
Algonquian languages	590
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	580
Atikamekw	70
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	480
Naskapi	45
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	15
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	85
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	66,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	12,230
Berber languages	1,160
Kabyle	935
Tamazight	170
Berber languages, n.i.e.	85
Chadic languages	325
Hausa	185
Mina	140
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	85
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	85
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	11,380
Amharic	10
Arabic	11,240
Aramaic languages	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	110
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,370
Khmer (Cambodian)	385
Vietnamese	995
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	790
Bikol	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	30
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	20
Indonesian	60
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	340
Merina	170
Malagasy, n.o.s.	170
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	320
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50
Creole languages	1,720
Haitian Creole	1,220
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	80
Sango	205
Creole, n.o.s.	140
Creole languages, n.i.e.	125
Dravidian languages	80
Kannada	0
Malayalam	20
Tamil	40
Telugu	10
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	41,540
Albanian	360
Armenian	100
Balto-Slavic languages	3,470
Baltic languages	15
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	15
Slavic languages	3,455
Belarusian	15
Bulgarian	295
Czech	70
Macedonian	10
Polish	340
Russian	1,555
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,220
Bosnian	835
Croatian	250
Serbian	295
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	40
Slovak	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	275
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	35
Irish	15
Scottish Gaelic	15
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15
Germanic languages	3,225
Frisian	0
High German languages	2,820
German	2,785
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	50
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	305
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	275
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	165
Danish	40
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	25
Swedish	100
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15
Greek	170
Indo-Iranian languages	2,280
Indo-Aryan languages	1,325
Assamese	0
Bengali	215
Gujarati	40
Hindi	400
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	40
Nepali	560
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25
Rohingya	245
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	130
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	1,000
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	115
Parsi	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	910
Dari	170
Iranian Persian	625
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	160
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	33,870
Catalan	100
Italian	2,770
Portuguese	3,810
Romanian	1,035
Spanish	28,335
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	50
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20
Japanese	645
Korean	155
Mongolian	10
Niger-Congo languages	6,985
Akan (Twi)	40
Bamanankan	295
Edo	15
Éwé	190
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	575
Ga	15
Ganda	25
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	815
Lingala	675
Luba-Kasai	50
Mòoré	200
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	955
Shona	0
Soninke	20
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	1,855
Wojenaka	185
Wolof	965
Yoruba	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,915
Nilo-Saharan languages	270
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	270
African, n.o.s.	105
Sign languages	660
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	585
Sign languages, n.i.e.	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,965
Chinese languages	1,825
Hakka	0
Mandarin	1,390
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	105
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	425
Chinese, n.o.s.	35
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	130
Burmese	30
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	25
S'gaw Karen	15
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	95
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15
Tai-Kadai languages	285
Lao	130
Thai	185
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	170
Azerbaijani	55
Kazakh	0
Turkish	125
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	150
Estonian	0
Finnish	35
Hungarian	115
Other languages, n.i.e.	30
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	533,540
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,395
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	8,750
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,380
Métis	3,165
Inuk (Inuit)	200
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	190
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	450
Non-Indigenous identity	524,150
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	533,540
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,260
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	530,280
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	265,715
Owner	136,145
Renter	129,565
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	265,715
Condominium	47,950
Not condominium	217,765
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	265,715
No bedrooms	3,330
1 bedroom	58,930
2 bedrooms	92,570
3 bedrooms	70,355
4 or more bedrooms	40,530
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	265,715
1 to 4 rooms	123,770
5 rooms	41,655
6 rooms	24,590
7 rooms	22,735
8 or more rooms	52,960
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.4
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	265,715
One person or fewer per room	263,990
More than one person per room	1,725
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	265,715
Suitable	260,295
Not suitable	5,420
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	265,715
1960 or before	55,205
1961 to 1980	80,320
1981 to 1990	39,705
1991 to 2000	29,160
2001 to 2005	13,630
2006 to 2010	15,940
2011 to 2015	15,515
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	16,240
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	265,715
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	252,200
Major repairs needed	13,510
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	265,715
One-maintainer household	155,015
Two-maintainer household	106,740
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,965
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	265,715
15 to 24 years	11,640
25 to 34 years	42,570
35 to 44 years	44,495
45 to 54 years	38,860
55 to 64 years	49,225
65 to 74 years	45,090
75 to 84 years	26,135
85 years and over	7,695
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	264,715
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	222,060
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	42,655
30% to less than 100%	39,255
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	265,715
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	58,545
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	40,000
Not suitable only	4,570
Major repairs needed only	10,950
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	465
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	2,175
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	370
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20
Acceptable housing	207,170
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	261,320
In core need	14,230
Not in core need	247,085
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	136,115
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.7
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.4
% in core housing need⁶³	1.4
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,130
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,195
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	326,800
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	129,565
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.5
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.3
% in core housing need⁶³	9.8
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	904
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	533,540
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	7,295
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	7,200
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	6,020
Métis single ancestry	1,060
Inuit single ancestry	125
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	90
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	75
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	11,965
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	11,725
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10,670
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	945
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	115
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	235
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	514,285
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	533,540
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	503,370
Canadian citizens aged under 18	89,385
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	413,985
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	30,170
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	533,540
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	475,200
Immigrants⁸¹	45,235
Before 1980	3,130
1980 to 1990	2,440
1991 to 2000	4,775
2001 to 2010	12,720
2011 to 2021⁸²	22,160
2011 to 2015	9,850
2016 to 2021	12,315
Non-permanent residents⁸³	13,115
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	45,235
Under 5 years	5,080
5 to 14 years	7,510
15 to 24 years	6,085
25 to 44 years	23,815
45 years and over	2,735
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	45,235
Americas	8,960
Brazil	1,115
Colombia	2,865
El Salvador	330
Guyana	0
Haiti	1,125
Jamaica	25
Mexico	780
Peru	300
Trinidad and Tobago	10
United States of America	770
Other places of birth in Americas	1,655
Europe	12,755
Bosnia and Herzegovina	860
Croatia	65
France	7,360
Germany	315
Greece	15
Hungary	35
Italy	320
Netherlands	35
Poland	225
Portugal	260
Romania	605
Russian Federation	270
Serbia⁸⁶	80
Ukraine	310
United Kingdom⁸⁷	255
Other places of birth in Europe	1,760
Africa	18,370
Algeria	1,915
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,310
Egypt	150
Eritrea	10
Ethiopia	15
Morocco	2,715
Nigeria	65
Somalia	10
South Africa, Republic of	55
Other places of birth in Africa	12,125
Asia	5,100
Afghanistan	150
Iran⁸⁸	310
Iraq	65
Lebanon	230
Syria⁸⁹	500
Turkey	25
China⁹⁰	840
Hong Kong⁹¹	50
Korea, South⁹²	65
Taiwan	30
Philippines	255
Viet Nam	570
Bangladesh	210
India	100
Pakistan	25
Sri Lanka	25
Other places of birth in Asia	1,645
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	45
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	12,315
Americas	1,575
Brazil	380
Colombia	380
Haiti	190
Jamaica	0
Mexico	120
United States of America	135
Venezuela⁹⁵	50
Other places of birth in Americas	310
Europe	2,240
France	1,755
Germany	20
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	35
Russian Federation	15
Ukraine	95
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25
Other places of birth in Europe	300
Africa	7,215
Algeria	360
Burundi	235
Cameroon	1,220
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	540
Côte d'Ivoire	1,585
Egypt	25
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	735
Nigeria	50
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	10
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	685
Other places of birth in Africa	1,755
Asia	1,275
Afghanistan	70
Bangladesh	30
China⁹⁰	110
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	15
Iran⁸⁸	90
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	25
Jordan	15
Korea, South⁹²	15
Lebanon	40
Nepal	30
Pakistan	0
Philippines	110
Saudi Arabia	20
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	405
Turkey	10
United Arab Emirates	10
Viet Nam	70
Other places of birth in Asia	195
Oceania and other⁹³	15
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	533,540
First generation¹⁰⁰	61,925
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,090
Third generation or more¹⁰²	442,530
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	42,100
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	23,715
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	11,695
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	12,020
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	9,485
Refugees¹⁰⁸	8,695
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	200
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	42,100
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	980
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,565
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,520
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,255
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	230
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	32,555
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	533,540
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	50,375
South Asian	1,610
Chinese	2,465
Black	21,955
Filipino	520
Arab	9,650
Latin American	8,585
Southeast Asian	2,755
West Asian	860
Korean	210
Japanese	295
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	450
Multiple visible minorities	1,015
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	483,165
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	533,540
Canadian	180,875
English	6,775
Irish	23,435
Scottish	8,710
French, n.o.s.¹²²	147,175
German	6,010
Chinese	2,825
Italian	7,020
Indian (India)	720
Ukrainian	1,025
Dutch	600
Polish	1,690
Québécois	68,300
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,245
Filipino	500
French Canadian	48,390
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	12,130
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	8,280
Métis	2,270
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	7,300
Russian	920
Norwegian	375
Welsh	125
Portuguese	1,985
American	2,140
Spanish	3,340
Swedish	185
Hungarian	410
Acadian	5,820
Pakistani	50
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	4,355
Jewish	405
Punjabi	15
Vietnamese	1,535
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	4,275
Greek	560
Jamaican	120
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	315
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	220
Korean	200
Romanian	955
Lebanese	945
Iranian	605
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	4,380
Danish	185
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,495
Sikh	0
Austrian	340
Belgian	2,970
Haitian	1,980
Hindu	100
Mexican	1,640
Mennonite	0
Swiss	1,315
Finnish	145
Sri Lankan	25
Croatian	245
Japanese	440
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	35
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,120
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	190
Muslim	865
Egyptian	340
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	960
Tamil	10
Icelandic	30
Colombian	3,705
Moroccan	3,075
Czech	165
Syrian	410
Guyanese	0
Afghan	175
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	470
Serbian	270
Ojibway	30
Newfoundlander	60
Hong Konger	55
Ontarian	265
Persian	85
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25
Turkish	215
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	290
Bangladeshi	185
Algerian	1,900
Brazilian	1,885
Nigerian	55
Armenian	235
Slovak	75
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	75
Somali	60
Taiwanese	80
Iraqi	15
Salvadorean	365
African Caribbean	230
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	75
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	65
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	275
Algonquin	850
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	100
South African	10
Australian	30
Palestinian	35
Chilean	535
Congolese	2,095
Nova Scotian	60
Ethiopian	40
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	170
Peruvian	390
Yoruba	50
Cambodian (Khmer)	650
Berber	1,275
Albanian	305
Maltese	70
Macedonian	15
Slovenian	30
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	640
New Brunswicker	285
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	15
African Canadian	120
Israeli	10
Mohawk	125
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	60
Bulgarian	360
Albertan	15
Ghanaian	120
Barbadian	25
African American	65
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	95
Tunisian	2,930
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	120
Cuban	540
Bosnian	390
Venezuelan	285
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	1,810
Latvian	0
Bengali	45
Cameroonian	1,835
Guatemalan	185
Indonesian	85
Laotian	235
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	30
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	110
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	95
Franco Ontarian	150
Argentinian	190
Estonian	0
Kurdish	90
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	360
Coptic	10
Thai	190
Dominican	295
Nepali	255
Kabyle	530
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	65
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	715
Moldovan	230
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	465
New Zealander	35
Sudanese	0
Breton	1,315
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	35
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	440
Huron (Wendat)	1,400
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	45
Gaspesian	935
Norman	1,170
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45
Ivorian	2,230
Saulteaux	10
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	55
Burundian	950
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	120
Mauritian	120
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	30
Manitoban	30
Cape Bretoner	10
Rwandan	815
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	30
Mayan	125
Honduran	90
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10
Indo-Caribbean	35
Flemish	125
United Empire Loyalist	10
Senegalese	935
Azerbaijani	10
Sicilian	55
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	495
Tibetan	10
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	260
Mongolian	85
Azorean	35
Atikamekw	275
Bamileke	770
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	10
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	80
Yemeni	25
Central African	820
Libyan	0
Basque	280
Uruguayan	70
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	280
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	145
Igorot	0
Fulani	485
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	355
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	370
Beninese	395
Telugu	0
Roma	15
Costa Rican	35
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	500
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	45
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	65
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	533,540
Buddhist	1,565
Christian	349,320
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	30,145
Anabaptist	0
Anglican	490
Baptist	1,060
Catholic	308,015
Christian Orthodox	1,975
Jehovah's Witness	975
Latter Day Saints	250
Lutheran	70
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	105
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,820
Presbyterian	220
Reformed	125
United Church	200
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,860
Hindu	515
Jewish	305
Muslim	17,490
Sikh	20
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	75
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,355
No religion and secular perspectives	162,900
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	528,850
Non-movers	455,880
Movers	72,965
Non-migrants	56,090
Migrants	16,875
Internal migrants	13,180
Intraprovincial migrants	12,105
Interprovincial migrants	1,070
External migrants	3,700
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	508,395
Non-movers	295,975
Movers	212,420
Non-migrants	131,975
Migrants	80,440
Internal migrants	60,965
Intraprovincial migrants	57,390
Interprovincial migrants	3,575
External migrants	19,475
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	452,690
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	64,995
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	387,700
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	284,285
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25,775
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	258,510
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	452,695
No certificate, diploma or degree	56,890
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	91,440
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	304,365
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	172,260
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	64,890
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	46,860
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	18,030
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	89,650
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,725
Bachelor's degree or higher	132,100
Bachelor's degree	78,325
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10,600
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,710
Master's degree	32,630
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	6,830
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	284,285
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,315
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	41,150
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	222,815
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	121,215
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	48,985
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35,580
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	13,405
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	61,150
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,080
Bachelor's degree or higher	101,600
Bachelor's degree	58,825
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	8,050
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,705
Master's degree	26,705
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	5,315
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	452,695
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	148,330
Education	21,860
13. Education	21,860
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	13,115
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,660
50. Visual and performing arts	10,465
Humanities	18,850
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,905
23. English language and literature/letters	435
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,750
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	185
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,045
39. Theology and religious vocations	795
54. History	1,535
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	3,190
Social and behavioural sciences and law	33,660
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	225
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,645
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,360
22. Legal professions and studies	7,205
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,205
42. Psychology	4,815
45. Social sciences	10,205
Business, management and public administration	70,110
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,280
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	64,805
Physical and life sciences and technologies	13,765
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,315
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,375
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	3,100
40. Physical sciences	3,370
41. Science technologies/technicians	610
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	17,365
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	14,790
25. Library science	1,260
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,020
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	300
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	51,760
04. Architecture and related services	2,655
14. Engineering	11,240
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10,535
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	50
46. Construction trades	11,945
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,485
48. Precision production	5,865
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,350
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,420
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,935
Health and related fields	38,300
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	2,140
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	34,550
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,585
Personal, protective and transportation services	18,985
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10,605
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	60
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	120
43. Security and protective services	3,630
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,560
Other¹⁷⁹	230
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	284,285
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	61,470
Education	13,960
13. Education	13,960
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	9,975
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,010
50. Visual and performing arts	7,975
Humanities	11,065
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,005
23. English language and literature/letters	290
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,605
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	120
38. Philosophy and religious studies	660
39. Theology and religious vocations	370
54. History	970
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	2,045
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25,375
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	175
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,795
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,335
22. Legal professions and studies	5,260
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	880
42. Psychology	3,580
45. Social sciences	7,345
Business, management and public administration	52,790
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,960
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	48,810
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,775
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,335
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	680
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	720
40. Physical sciences	2,625
41. Science technologies/technicians	405
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	14,675
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,945
25. Library science	850
27. Mathematics and statistics	660
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	215
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	39,135
04. Architecture and related services	2,050
14. Engineering	9,170
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	7,740
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	35
46. Construction trades	9,025
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,755
48. Precision production	4,370
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,890
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,645
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,240
Health and related fields	27,135
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,620
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	24,380
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,115
Personal, protective and transportation services	14,840
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	8,425
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	35
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	70
43. Security and protective services	2,750
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,570
Other¹⁷⁹	200
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	284,285
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,470
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	222,820
Location of study inside Canada	201,525
Same as province or territory of residence	197,900
Different than province or territory of residence	3,630
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	21,290
Americas	4,690
United States of America	765
Mexico	515
Cuba	200
Haiti	180
Jamaica	0
Brazil	1,325
Colombia	1,085
Peru	110
Venezuela⁹⁵	135
Other locations of study in Americas	390
Europe	8,710
Belgium	340
France	6,325
Germany	110
Netherlands	40
Switzerland	235
Hungary	15
Moldova¹⁸³	110
Poland	60
Romania	180
Russian Federation	145
Ukraine	185
Ireland⁹⁶	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	275
Bosnia and Herzegovina	185
Italy	100
Serbia⁸⁶	15
Other locations of study in Europe	370
Africa	6,355
Nigeria	10
Algeria	830
Morocco	1,085
Tunisia	1,485
Egypt	50
South Africa, Republic of	15
Other locations of study in Africa	2,875
Asia	1,465
Iran⁸⁸	295
Iraq	10
Israel	15
Lebanon	70
Syria⁸⁹	40
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	335
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10
Japan	60
Korea, South⁹²	30
Philippines	175
Viet Nam	65
Bangladesh	55
Sri Lanka	0
India	110
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	165
Oceania	70
Australia	55
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	452,695
In the labour force	293,655
Employed	272,665
Unemployed	20,990
Not in the labour force	159,035
Participation rate	64.9
Employment rate	60.2
Unemployment rate	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	452,695
Did not work¹⁸⁶	152,255
Worked	300,435
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	164,495
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	135,940
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	293,660
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	4,620
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	289,040
Employee	262,230
Permanent position	217,200
Temporary position	45,030
Fixed term (1 year or more)	17,975
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	27,055
Self-employed¹⁹²	26,810
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	293,660
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	4,620
All occupations¹⁹¹	289,040
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	4,550
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	57,590
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	33,185
3 Health occupations	27,435
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	42,380
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,240
6 Sales and service occupations	70,075
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	34,910
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,835
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	6,840
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	293,660
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	4,620
All industries¹⁹¹	289,040
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,325
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	545
22 Utilities	1,355
23 Construction	14,465
31-33 Manufacturing	17,005
41 Wholesale trade	7,745
44-45 Retail trade	32,945
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10,475
51 Information and cultural industries	4,710
52 Finance and insurance	13,925
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,260
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	26,485
55 Management of companies and enterprises	300
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	12,020
61 Educational services	23,225
62 Health care and social assistance	44,870
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,885
72 Accommodation and food services	17,505
81 Other services (except public administration)	11,610
91 Public administration	39,380
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	315,715
English	3,370
French	259,740
Non-official language	355
Indigenous³⁹	15
Non-Indigenous	340
English and French	49,510
English and non-official language(s)	130
French and non-official language(s)	1,120
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,475
Multiple non-official languages	15
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	315,715
Single responses	309,415
Official languages	308,770
English	8,855
French	299,915
Non-official languages	650
Indigenous languages³⁹	30
Algonquian languages	30
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	30
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	30
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	620
Afro-Asiatic languages	30
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	30
Amharic	0
Arabic	20
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	10
Vietnamese	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	405
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	20
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	10
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	45
Indo-Aryan languages	10
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	10
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	30
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	30
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	330
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	25
Romanian	0
Spanish	295
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	15
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	35
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	35
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80
Chinese languages	80
Hakka	0
Mandarin	40
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	6,300
English and French	5,820
English and non-official language(s)	45
French and non-official language(s)	320
English, French and non-official language(s)	115
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	315,715
None	269,430
English	38,745
French	5,470
Non-official language	930
Indigenous³⁹	40
Non-Indigenous	895
English and French	25
English and non-official language(s)	880
French and non-official language(s)	175
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	50
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	272,665
Worked at home	71,305
Worked outside Canada	450
No fixed workplace address	25,050
Usual place of work	175,860
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	175,860
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	153,905
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,390
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15,300
Commute to a different province or territory	265
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	200,910
Car, truck or van	157,975
Car, truck or van - as a driver	148,025
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	9,950
Public transit	21,765
Walked	15,185
Bicycle	2,835
Other method	3,145
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	200,910
Less than 15 minutes	65,060
15 to 29 minutes	96,435
30 to 44 minutes	26,865
45 to 59 minutes	7,325
60 minutes and over	5,225
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	200,910
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	8,920
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	34,980
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	67,700
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	42,590
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	17,735
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	28,990
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	96,720
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,450
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	88,270
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	69,680
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,520
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	4,810
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,710
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	63,155

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 7, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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