Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Lévis, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	149,683	...
Population, 2016¹	143,414	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.4	4.4
Total private dwellings²	68,205	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	65,751	...
Population density per square kilometre	334.1	334.1
Land area in square kilometres	448.07	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	149,680	100.0
0 to 14 years	25,145	16.8
0 to 4 years	7,130	4.8
5 to 9 years	8,685	5.8
10 to 14 years	9,330	6.2
15 to 64 years	92,865	62.0
15 to 19 years	8,040	5.4
20 to 24 years	7,495	5.0
25 to 29 years	8,055	5.4
30 to 34 years	8,230	5.5
35 to 39 years	9,465	6.3
40 to 44 years	10,715	7.2
45 to 49 years	9,650	6.4
50 to 54 years	9,250	6.2
55 to 59 years	10,890	7.3
60 to 64 years	11,075	7.4
65 years and over	31,670	21.2
65 to 69 years	10,245	6.8
70 to 74 years	8,920	6.0
75 to 79 years	6,085	4.1
80 to 84 years	3,400	2.3
85 years and over	3,020	2.0
85 to 89 years	1,785	1.2
90 to 94 years	970	0.6
95 to 99 years	245	0.2
100 years and over	25	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	16.8
15 to 64 years	62.0	62.0
65 years and over	21.2	21.2
85 years and over	2.0	2.0
Average age of the population	42.9	42.9
Median age of the population	44.0	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	65,750	100.0
Single-detached house	34,570	52.6
Semi-detached house	4,875	7.4
Row house	1,570	2.4
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,285	5.0
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	18,745	28.5
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,825	2.8
Other single-attached house	115	0.2
Movable dwelling⁴	765	1.2
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	65,750	100.0
1 person	21,345	32.5
2 persons	24,495	37.3
3 persons	8,195	12.5
4 persons	8,340	12.7
5 or more persons	3,375	5.1
Number of persons in private households	146,235	100.0
Average household size	2.2	2.2
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	124,535	100.0
Married or living common-law	75,940	61.0
Married	37,630	30.2
Living common-law	38,310	30.8
Living common law - Never married	31,905	25.6
Living common law - Separated	330	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	5,460	4.4
Living common law - Widowed	610	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	48,595	39.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	34,415	27.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,325	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,385	5.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,475	4.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	43,005	100.0
2 persons	23,865	55.5
3 persons	7,870	18.3
4 persons	8,190	19.0
5 or more persons	3,085	7.2
Average size of census families	2.8	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	43,005	100.0
Total couple families	37,250	86.6
Married couples	18,110	42.1
With children⁶	6,520	15.2
Without children	11,590	27.0
Common-law couples	19,135	44.5
With children⁶	10,205	23.7
Without children	8,930	20.8
Total one-parent families	5,760	13.4
in which the parent is a woman+	3,965	9.2
in which the parent is a man+	1,795	4.2
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	146,235	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	120,310	82.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	74,490	50.9
Parents in one-parent families	5,760	3.9
Children⁶	40,060	27.4
In a two-parent family	31,240	21.4
In a one-parent family	8,815	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,925	17.7
Living alone	21,345	14.6
Living with other relatives⁷	1,685	1.2
Living with non-relatives only	2,900	2.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	65,750	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	41,645	63.3
Couple-family households	36,315	55.2
With children⁶	16,330	24.8
Without children	19,985	30.4
One-parent-family households	5,335	8.1
Multigenerational households⁸	390	0.6
Multiple-census-family households⁹	80	0.1
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	665	1.0
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,625	2.5
One-person households	21,345	32.5
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	121,105	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	119,315	98.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	47,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	119,330	98.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	112,535	92.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	40,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,200	74.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	44,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,910	78.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,100	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,595	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,360	5,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,585	25.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	121,100	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	119,345	98.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,450	55,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	119,355	98.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	45,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	112,660	93.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,000	49,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,180	74.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	50,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,795	78.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,580	11,580
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,225	10.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,940	6,940
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,475	25.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,250	7,250
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	121,100	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	48,300	39.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	62,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,000	71,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	34,135	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	20,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800	29,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4	83.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.6	68.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.6	16.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.9	3.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.3	3.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	121,100	100.0
Without total income	1,790	1.5
With total income	119,315	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,320	5.3
$10,000 to $19,999	11,590	9.7
$20,000 to $29,999	15,685	13.1
$30,000 to $39,999	14,095	11.8
$40,000 to $49,999	15,565	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	14,260	12.0
$60,000 to $69,999	10,795	9.0
$70,000 to $79,999	7,995	6.7
$80,000 to $89,999	6,635	5.6
$90,000 to $99,999	4,850	4.1
$100,000 and over	11,515	9.7
$100,000 to $149,999	8,360	7.0
$150,000 and over	3,155	2.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	121,100	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,775	1.5
With after-tax income	119,330	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,960	5.8
$10,000 to $19,999	12,405	10.4
$20,000 to $29,999	18,600	15.6
$30,000 to $39,999	19,130	16.0
$40,000 to $49,999	19,570	16.4
$50,000 to $59,999	14,690	12.3
$60,000 to $69,999	10,395	8.7
$70,000 to $79,999	6,960	5.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,990	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,240	1.9
$100,000 and over	4,385	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,465	2.1
$125,000 and over	1,920	1.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	121,100	100.0
Without employment income	30,905	25.5
With employment income	90,200	74.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,605	10.6
$5,000 to $9,999	6,105	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	9,580	10.6
$20,000 to $29,999	7,595	8.4
$30,000 to $39,999	8,520	9.4
$40,000 to $49,999	9,760	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	8,700	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	7,130	7.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,670	6.3
$80,000 to $89,999	5,215	5.8
$90,000 to $99,999	3,520	3.9
$100,000 and over	8,800	9.8
$100,000 to $124,999	4,605	5.1
$125,000 and over	4,190	4.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	121,105	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	117,790	97.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	45,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	117,840	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	111,040	91.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	40,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,765	74.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	43,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,570	70.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,800	7,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,680	10.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,440	4,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	121,100	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	117,845	97.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,500	53,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	117,875	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,440	43,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	111,185	91.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,560	49,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,700	74.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	50,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,515	70.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,280	9,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,670	10.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,840	6,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	121,100	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	48,125	39.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	59,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,000	68,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,510	26.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	24,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,200	34,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4	87.4
Employment income (%)	72.4	72.4
Government transfers (%)	12.6	12.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	65,755	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	84,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	71,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	21,345	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	45,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	39,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	44,405	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	109,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	91,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	65,750	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,600	100,600
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,100	82,100
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	21,345	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,250	51,250
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,680	42,680
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	44,405	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,400	124,400
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	101,000
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	65,750	100.0
Under $5,000	305	0.5
$5,000 to $9,999	190	0.3
$10,000 to $14,999	495	0.8
$15,000 to $19,999	835	1.3
$20,000 to $24,999	2,580	3.9
$25,000 to $29,999	1,890	2.9
$30,000 to $34,999	1,820	2.8
$35,000 to $39,999	2,545	3.9
$40,000 to $44,999	2,820	4.3
$45,000 to $49,999	2,810	4.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,550	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	4,860	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,560	6.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,235	6.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,915	6.0
$100,000 and over	26,350	40.1
$100,000 to $124,999	8,140	12.4
$125,000 to $149,999	6,050	9.2
$150,000 to $199,999	7,120	10.8
$200,000 and over	5,040	7.7
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	65,750	100.0
Under $5,000	360	0.5
$5,000 to $9,999	205	0.3
$10,000 to $14,999	520	0.8
$15,000 to $19,999	920	1.4
$20,000 to $24,999	2,795	4.3
$25,000 to $29,999	2,405	3.7
$30,000 to $34,999	2,625	4.0
$35,000 to $39,999	3,385	5.1
$40,000 to $44,999	3,630	5.5
$45,000 to $49,999	3,370	5.1
$50,000 to $59,999	6,255	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,760	8.8
$70,000 to $79,999	5,205	7.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,870	7.4
$90,000 to $99,999	4,135	6.3
$100,000 and over	19,320	29.4
$100,000 to $124,999	8,015	12.2
$125,000 to $149,999	5,280	8.0
$150,000 and over	6,030	9.2
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	43,220	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	109,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	92,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	20,095	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	92,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	78,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	16,770	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,000	151,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	124,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,665	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	77,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	67,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	24,240	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	44,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	38,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	43,190	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,200	125,200
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,500	101,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,070	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,200	104,200
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,200	85,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,795	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	165,000	165,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,600	131,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,655	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,600	84,600
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,600	71,600
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,240	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,880	49,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,680	41,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	146,235	100.0
0 to 17 years	30,070	20.6
0 to 5 years	8,815	6.0
18 to 64 years	87,450	59.8
65 years and over	28,710	19.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,890	...
0 to 17 years	1,470	...
0 to 5 years	435	...
18 to 64 years	4,560	...
65 years and over	3,855	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.8	6.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.9	4.9
0 to 5 years (%)	4.9	4.9
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	5.2
65 years and over (%)	13.4	13.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	146,235	100.0
0 to 17 years	30,070	20.6
0 to 5 years	8,815	6.0
18 to 64 years	87,455	59.8
65 years and over	28,715	19.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,685	...
0 to 17 years	705	...
0 to 5 years	210	...
18 to 64 years	3,000	...
65 years and over	975	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.4	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.4
65 years and over (%)	3.4	3.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	146,235	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	65,335	44.7
In bottom decile	7,960	5.4
In second decile	11,260	7.7
In third decile	13,555	9.3
In fourth decile	15,650	10.7
In fifth decile	16,910	11.6
In top half of the distribution	80,900	55.3
In sixth decile	18,055	12.3
In seventh decile	19,295	13.2
In eighth decile	18,020	12.3
In ninth decile	14,780	10.1
In top decile	10,755	7.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	146,235	146,235
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.284	0.284
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.380	0.380
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.243	0.243
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	3.0
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	147,765	100.0
English only	315	0.2
French only	90,745	61.4
English and French	56,535	38.3
Neither English nor French	175	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	147,765	100.0
English	1,785	1.2
French	145,040	98.2
English and French	775	0.5
Neither English nor French	165	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	147,765	100.0
Single responses	146,185	98.9
Official languages	142,950	96.7
English	1,475	1.0
French	141,475	95.7
Non-official languages	3,230	2.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,225	2.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	875	0.6
Berber languages	125	0.1
Kabyle	125	0.1
Tamazight	5	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	5	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	745	0.5
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	735	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	0.0
Vietnamese	70	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	125	0.1
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0.0
Indonesian	10	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	65	0.0
Merina	40	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	100	0.1
Haitian Creole	50	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	35	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,470	1.0
Albanian	15	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	130	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	125	0.1
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0.0
Czech	10	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	20	0.0
Russian	35	0.0
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	0.0
Bosnian	15	0.0
Croatian	15	0.0
Serbian	10	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	10	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	55	0.0
German	45	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	5	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	5	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	10	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	5	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	20	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,200	0.8
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	70	0.0
Portuguese	250	0.2
Romanian	60	0.0
Spanish	820	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	10	0.0
Korean	10	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	270	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	15	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	0.0
Lingala	10	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	15	0.0
Wojenaka	10	0.0
Wolof	65	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	150	0.1
Chinese languages	150	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	125	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	0.0
Lao	35	0.0
Thai	30	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	25	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,585	1.1
English and French	950	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	55	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	490	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	147,765	100.0
English	640	0.4
French	138,700	93.9
Non-official language	735	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	735	0.5
English and French	4,680	3.2
English and non-official language(s)	125	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	2,160	1.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	695	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	25	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	147,765	100.0
Single responses	146,295	99.0
Official languages	144,785	98.0
English	1,190	0.8
French	143,595	97.2
Non-official languages	1,505	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,505	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	360	0.2
Berber languages	55	0.0
Kabyle	60	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	300	0.2
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	295	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0.0
Vietnamese	30	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	0.0
Merina	10	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	45	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	20	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	770	0.5
Albanian	10	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	0.0
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	15	0.0
Russian	10	0.0
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	10	0.0
German	5	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	10	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	5	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	680	0.5
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	15	0.0
Portuguese	135	0.1
Romanian	30	0.0
Spanish	505	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	5	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	30	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	20	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	0.1
Chinese languages	110	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	95	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0.0
Lao	5	0.0
Thai	5	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	15	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,475	1.0
English and French	810	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	45	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	540	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	147,770	100.0
None	141,360	95.7
English	3,585	2.4
French	1,025	0.7
Non-official language	1,200	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,195	0.8
English and French	100	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	330	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	80	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	146,235	100.0
Official languages	146,100	99.9
English	56,565	38.7
French	145,790	99.7
Non-official languages	8,795	6.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,775	6.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,245	0.9
Berber languages	180	0.1
Kabyle	160	0.1
Tamazight	15	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,140	0.8
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	1,140	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	145	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	0.0
Vietnamese	95	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	235	0.2
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	35	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	105	0.1
Merina	85	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Creole languages	235	0.2
Haitian Creole	100	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	70	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,845	4.0
Albanian	25	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	285	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	285	0.2
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	15	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	40	0.0
Russian	170	0.1
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	0.0
Bosnian	10	0.0
Croatian	35	0.0
Serbian	15	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	355	0.2
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	330	0.2
German	330	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	25	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0.0
Danish	10	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	10	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	25	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	65	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	40	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	20	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	20	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,305	3.6
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	340	0.2
Portuguese	360	0.2
Romanian	95	0.1
Spanish	4,735	3.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	80	0.1
Korean	10	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	730	0.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	75	0.1
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	10	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	0.0
Lingala	100	0.1
Luba-Kasai	15	0.0
Mòoré	35	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	65	0.0
Wojenaka	25	0.0
Wolof	155	0.1
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	210	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	100	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	85	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	250	0.2
Chinese languages	250	0.2
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	220	0.2
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	0.1
Lao	50	0.0
Thai	50	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	30	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	146,235	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,945	1.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,810	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,080	0.7
Métis	705	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	25	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	144,295	98.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	146,235	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	515	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	145,725	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	65,750	100.0
Owner	43,320	65.9
Renter	22,430	34.1
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	65,750	100.0
Condominium	7,845	11.9
Not condominium	57,910	88.1
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	65,750	100.0
No bedrooms	155	0.2
1 bedroom	6,990	10.6
2 bedrooms	20,985	31.9
3 bedrooms	22,510	34.2
4 or more bedrooms	15,110	23.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	65,750	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	20,675	31.4
5 rooms	9,005	13.7
6 rooms	7,590	11.5
7 rooms	8,135	12.4
8 or more rooms	20,350	31.0
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	6.3
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	65,750	100.0
One person or fewer per room	65,525	99.7
More than one person per room	225	0.3
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	65,750	100.0
Suitable	64,990	98.8
Not suitable	755	1.1
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	65,750	100.0
1960 or before	8,965	13.6
1961 to 1980	17,445	26.5
1981 to 1990	11,055	16.8
1991 to 2000	8,735	13.3
2001 to 2005	4,930	7.5
2006 to 2010	4,760	7.2
2011 to 2015	3,840	5.8
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,015	9.1
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	65,750	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	63,245	96.2
Major repairs needed	2,505	3.8
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	65,750	100.0
One-maintainer household	34,150	51.9
Two-maintainer household	30,815	46.9
Three-or-more-maintainer household	785	1.2
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	65,750	100.0
15 to 24 years	1,985	3.0
25 to 34 years	8,385	12.8
35 to 44 years	11,690	17.8
45 to 54 years	11,505	17.5
55 to 64 years	13,450	20.5
65 to 74 years	11,825	18.0
75 to 84 years	5,625	8.6
85 years and over	1,280	1.9
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	65,525	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	58,285	89.0
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,240	11.0
30% to less than 100%	6,755	10.3
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	65,750	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,110	15.4
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,900	10.5
Not suitable only	665	1.0
Major repairs needed only	2,145	3.3
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	0.1
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	305	0.5
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	0.1
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	0.0
Acceptable housing	55,640	84.6
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	65,040	100.0
In core need	2,370	3.6
Not in core need	62,665	96.3
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	43,220	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.9	62.9
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.2	6.2
% in core housing need⁶³	1.2	1.2
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	1,100
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,148	1,148
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	290,000	290,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	313,200	313,200
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,415	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.9	7.9
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.4	20.4
% in core housing need⁶³	8.3	8.3
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	820
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	892	892
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	146,235	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,905	1.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,890	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,685	1.2
Métis single ancestry	190	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	10	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,025	2.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,995	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,770	1.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	200	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	30	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	141,305	96.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	146,235	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	142,555	97.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	29,335	20.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	113,225	77.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,680	2.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	146,235	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	139,205	95.2
Immigrants⁸¹	5,295	3.6
Before 1980	500	0.3
1980 to 1990	320	0.2
1991 to 2000	515	0.4
2001 to 2010	1,365	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,585	1.8
2011 to 2015	1,230	0.8
2016 to 2021	1,360	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,730	1.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,295	100.0
Under 5 years	660	12.5
5 to 14 years	765	14.4
15 to 24 years	770	14.5
25 to 44 years	2,845	53.7
45 years and over	255	4.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,295	100.0
Americas	1,125	21.2
Brazil	115	2.2
Colombia	240	4.5
El Salvador	20	0.4
Guyana	0	0.0
Haiti	185	3.5
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	120	2.3
Peru	15	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	20	0.4
United States of America	150	2.8
Other places of birth in Americas	265	5.0
Europe	1,800	34.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0.3
Croatia	15	0.3
France	1,285	24.3
Germany	65	1.2
Greece	0	0.0
Hungary	0	0.0
Italy	40	0.8
Netherlands	0	0.0
Poland	0	0.0
Portugal	20	0.4
Romania	35	0.7
Russian Federation	10	0.2
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Ukraine	45	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	0.8
Other places of birth in Europe	210	4.0
Africa	1,850	34.9
Algeria	240	4.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	1.3
Egypt	10	0.2
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	275	5.2
Nigeria	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,260	23.8
Asia	510	9.6
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Lebanon	40	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	35	0.7
Turkey	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	165	3.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0.3
Taiwan	10	0.2
Philippines	10	0.2
Viet Nam	90	1.7
Bangladesh	0	0.0
India	0	0.0
Pakistan	15	0.3
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	100	1.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,355	100.0
Americas	215	15.9
Brazil	60	4.4
Colombia	55	4.1
Haiti	20	1.5
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	15	1.1
United States of America	25	1.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	2.2
Europe	385	28.4
France	310	22.9
Germany	0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0.0
Ukraine	15	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0.7
Other places of birth in Europe	30	2.2
Africa	645	47.6
Algeria	105	7.7
Burundi	25	1.8
Cameroon	50	3.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	95	7.0
Egypt	0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	65	4.8
Nigeria	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0
Tunisia	125	9.2
Other places of birth in Africa	170	12.5
Asia	110	8.1
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
India	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Jordan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0
Nepal	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0
Philippines	0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	2.2
Turkey	0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	1.1
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0.7
Australia	10	0.7
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	146,235	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,790	5.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,865	3.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	133,580	91.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,790	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,845	59.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,460	30.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,390	29.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,500	31.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	415	8.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,790	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	125	2.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	580	12.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	175	3.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	430	9.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,430	71.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	146,235	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,825	4.0
South Asian	160	0.1
Chinese	455	0.3
Black	2,515	1.7
Filipino	90	0.1
Arab	1,080	0.7
Latin American	875	0.6
Southeast Asian	395	0.3
West Asian	25	0.0
Korean	30	0.0
Japanese	35	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	80	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	95	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	140,410	96.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	146,235	100.0
Canadian	58,060	39.7
English	1,410	1.0
Irish	6,210	4.2
Scottish	1,885	1.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	40,875	28.0
German	1,460	1.0
Chinese	430	0.3
Italian	1,335	0.9
Indian (India)	125	0.1
Ukrainian	180	0.1
Dutch	145	0.1
Polish	245	0.2
Québécois	18,595	12.7
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	260	0.2
Filipino	95	0.1
French Canadian	14,765	10.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,770	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,110	1.4
Métis	435	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,650	1.1
Russian	105	0.1
Norwegian	80	0.1
Welsh	60	0.0
Portuguese	285	0.2
American	530	0.4
Spanish	480	0.3
Swedish	40	0.0
Hungarian	90	0.1
Acadian	1,605	1.1
Pakistani	20	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	425	0.3
Jewish	20	0.0
Punjabi	0	0.0
Vietnamese	170	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	465	0.3
Greek	95	0.1
Jamaican	20	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	65	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	0.0
Korean	40	0.0
Romanian	125	0.1
Lebanese	130	0.1
Iranian	20	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,545	1.1
Danish	35	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	470	0.3
Sikh	0	0.0
Austrian	75	0.1
Belgian	590	0.4
Haitian	400	0.3
Hindu	0	0.0
Mexican	195	0.1
Mennonite	0	0.0
Swiss	330	0.2
Finnish	20	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0.0
Croatian	65	0.0
Japanese	30	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	275	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	50	0.0
Muslim	95	0.1
Egyptian	40	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	125	0.1
Tamil	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Colombian	435	0.3
Moroccan	330	0.2
Czech	55	0.0
Syrian	65	0.0
Guyanese	15	0.0
Afghan	0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	85	0.1
Serbian	20	0.0
Ojibway	0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0.0
Ontarian	35	0.0
Persian	0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0.0
Turkish	40	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0.0
Algerian	275	0.2
Brazilian	170	0.1
Nigerian	0	0.0
Armenian	40	0.0
Slovak	45	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Taiwanese	25	0.0
Iraqi	0	0.0
Salvadorean	40	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	0.0
Algonquin	395	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0.0
South African	0	0.0
Australian	0	0.0
Palestinian	10	0.0
Chilean	55	0.0
Congolese	190	0.1
Nova Scotian	25	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0.0
Peruvian	55	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	100	0.1
Berber	135	0.1
Albanian	20	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Macedonian	20	0.0
Slovenian	0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	155	0.1
New Brunswicker	130	0.1
Gujarati	0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0.0
African Canadian	35	0.0
Israeli	0	0.0
Mohawk	30	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Albertan	0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0.0
African American	0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0.0
Tunisian	425	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0.0
Cuban	75	0.1
Bosnian	0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	450	0.3
Latvian	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Cameroonian	190	0.1
Guatemalan	30	0.0
Indonesian	35	0.0
Laotian	85	0.1
Ilocano	0	0.0
Northern Irish	25	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0.0
Ecuadorian	15	0.0
Franco Ontarian	35	0.0
Argentinian	55	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Jatt	0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	200	0.1
Coptic	0	0.0
Thai	55	0.0
Dominican	70	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Kabyle	85	0.1
Assyrian	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0.0
Abenaki	260	0.2
Moldovan	30	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	55	0.0
New Zealander	0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0.0
Breton	175	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	85	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	310	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0.0
Gaspesian	225	0.2
Norman	215	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0.0
Ivorian	180	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0.0
Burundian	50	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	0.0
Mauritian	75	0.1
Kenyan	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0
Rwandan	100	0.1
Grenadian	0	0.0
Malayali	0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0.0
Mayan	20	0.0
Honduran	25	0.0
Cherokee	25	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0.0
Flemish	0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0.0
Senegalese	195	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Goan	0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Azorean	15	0.0
Atikamekw	70	0.0
Bamileke	75	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0.0
Central African	0	0.0
Libyan	0	0.0
Basque	65	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	55	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0.0
Igorot	0	0.0
Fulani	25	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0
Guinean	45	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0
Maliseet	120	0.1
Beninese	65	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Roma	15	0.0
Costa Rican	30	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Malagasy	140	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0.0
Karen	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Tajik	0	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	146,235	100.0
Buddhist	240	0.2
Christian	105,285	72.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,230	6.3
Anabaptist	0	0.0
Anglican	70	0.0
Baptist	170	0.1
Catholic	94,005	64.3
Christian Orthodox	175	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	370	0.3
Latter Day Saints	45	0.0
Lutheran	40	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	315	0.2
Presbyterian	65	0.0
Reformed	35	0.0
United Church	40	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	720	0.5
Hindu	25	0.0
Jewish	0	0.0
Muslim	1,795	1.2
Sikh	0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	260	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	38,625	26.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	144,895	100.0
Non-movers	128,040	88.4
Movers	16,860	11.6
Non-migrants	10,520	7.3
Migrants	6,335	4.4
Internal migrants	5,630	3.9
Intraprovincial migrants	5,365	3.7
Interprovincial migrants	265	0.2
External migrants	710	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	139,100	100.0
Non-movers	90,290	64.9
Movers	48,800	35.1
Non-migrants	24,640	17.7
Migrants	24,165	17.4
Internal migrants	21,605	15.5
Intraprovincial migrants	20,935	15.1
Interprovincial migrants	665	0.5
External migrants	2,560	1.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	121,100	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,820	14.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	103,280	85.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	76,860	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,530	8.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,330	91.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	121,095	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,465	12.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,085	19.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	81,550	67.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	51,785	42.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20,365	16.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	14,855	12.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,515	4.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	26,260	21.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,160	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	29,765	24.6
Bachelor's degree	19,735	16.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,560	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	770	0.6
Master's degree	5,820	4.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	875	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	76,855	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,005	6.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,730	14.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,125	79.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,220	48.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,270	19.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,305	14.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,970	5.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,525	24.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,420	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,900	31.1
Bachelor's degree	15,785	20.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,105	2.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	580	0.8
Master's degree	4,760	6.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	665	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	121,100	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,545	32.7
Education	6,595	5.4
13. Education	6,595	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,375	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	395	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,980	1.6
Humanities	3,935	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	515	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	105	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,200	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	0.2
54. History	245	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	505	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,680	5.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	895	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,585	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,335	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	220	0.2
42. Psychology	985	0.8
45. Social sciences	1,635	1.4
Business, management and public administration	20,790	17.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,365	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	19,415	16.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,715	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	995	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	335	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	560	0.5
40. Physical sciences	615	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	210	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,635	3.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,175	2.6
25. Library science	225	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	210	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	16,370	13.5
04. Architecture and related services	775	0.6
14. Engineering	2,485	2.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,580	3.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,655	3.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,435	2.8
48. Precision production	2,440	2.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,965	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,315	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	645	0.5
Health and related fields	10,745	8.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	625	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,810	8.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	305	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,705	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,920	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,150	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,595	1.3
Other¹⁷⁹	40	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	76,855	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,735	20.5
Education	4,485	5.8
13. Education	4,485	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,775	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	300	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	1,475	1.9
Humanities	2,420	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	385	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	60	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,190	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	0.2
54. History	205	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	360	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,160	6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	735	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,340	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,015	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	0.2
42. Psychology	750	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,145	1.5
Business, management and public administration	16,460	21.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,060	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,390	20.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,810	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	815	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	105	0.1
40. Physical sciences	530	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,060	4.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,775	3.6
25. Library science	150	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,315	16.0
04. Architecture and related services	590	0.8
14. Engineering	2,080	2.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,750	3.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,680	3.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,395	3.1
48. Precision production	1,820	2.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,485	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,000	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	485	0.6
Health and related fields	7,695	10.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	450	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,000	9.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	240	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,430	5.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,285	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0.0
43. Security and protective services	905	1.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,220	1.6
Other¹⁷⁹	30	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	76,855	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,735	20.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	61,120	79.5
Location of study inside Canada	58,340	75.9
Same as province or territory of residence	57,480	74.8
Different than province or territory of residence	860	1.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,785	3.6
Americas	550	0.7
United States of America	115	0.1
Mexico	85	0.1
Cuba	25	0.0
Haiti	15	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Brazil	105	0.1
Colombia	130	0.2
Peru	0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	80	0.1
Europe	1,255	1.6
Belgium	45	0.1
France	995	1.3
Germany	10	0.0
Netherlands	0	0.0
Switzerland	35	0.0
Hungary	0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0.0
Poland	10	0.0
Romania	15	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0.0
Ukraine	45	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Italy	10	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0.0
Africa	790	1.0
Nigeria	0	0.0
Algeria	100	0.1
Morocco	145	0.2
Tunisia	190	0.2
Egypt	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	350	0.5
Asia	185	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	0.1
Taiwan	10	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
Japan	15	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0.0
Philippines	25	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
India	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	0.0
Oceania	10	0.0
Australia	10	0.0
New Zealand	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	121,095	...
In the labour force	82,800	...
Employed	78,375	...
Unemployed	4,420	...
Not in the labour force	38,305	...
Participation rate	68.4	68.4
Employment rate	64.7	64.7
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	121,100	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,690	30.3
Worked	84,405	69.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	49,070	40.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	35,335	29.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	82,795	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	81,635	98.6
Employee	74,265	89.7
Permanent position	63,290	76.4
Temporary position	10,970	13.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,860	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,115	8.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,365	8.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	82,795	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	81,635	98.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,485	1.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	16,590	20.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	8,130	9.8
3 Health occupations	7,475	9.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,585	12.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,820	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	19,500	23.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,955	14.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	750	0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,335	4.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	82,795	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	81,635	98.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	685	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	220	0.3
22 Utilities	330	0.4
23 Construction	5,665	6.8
31-33 Manufacturing	8,125	9.8
41 Wholesale trade	2,770	3.3
44-45 Retail trade	9,645	11.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,795	3.4
51 Information and cultural industries	810	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	6,975	8.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,110	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,125	7.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	165	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,750	3.3
61 Educational services	6,145	7.4
62 Health care and social assistance	12,020	14.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	935	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	3,975	4.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,945	3.6
91 Public administration	7,435	9.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	87,760	100.0
English	750	0.9
French	74,940	85.4
Non-official language	20	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	20	0.0
English and French	11,750	13.4
English and non-official language(s)	20	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	90	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	185	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	87,760	100.0
Single responses	86,375	98.4
Official languages	86,320	98.4
English	1,910	2.2
French	84,410	96.2
Non-official languages	60	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	0.1
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0
Russian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	0.0
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0.0
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	35	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,385	1.6
English and French	1,345	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	87,760	100.0
None	77,075	87.8
English	9,295	10.6
French	1,160	1.3
Non-official language	90	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	90	0.1
English and French	10	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	125	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	78,375	100.0
Worked at home	18,885	24.1
Worked outside Canada	55	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,420	9.5
Usual place of work	52,010	66.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	52,015	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	30,955	59.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20,975	40.3
Commute to a different province or territory	75	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	59,435	100.0
Car, truck or van	54,000	90.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	50,980	85.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,010	5.1
Public transit	1,975	3.3
Walked	2,340	3.9
Bicycle	375	0.6
Other method	750	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	59,435	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	20,575	34.6
15 to 29 minutes	24,190	40.7
30 to 44 minutes	10,885	18.3
45 to 59 minutes	2,300	3.9
60 minutes and over	1,480	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	59,435	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,515	5.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,195	20.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20,515	34.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,635	17.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,475	7.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,090	13.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	30,685	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,570	8.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	28,115	91.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,995	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,120	9.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,585	6.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	530	2.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,875	90.8

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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