Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Trois-Rivières, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	139,163	...	...
Population, 2016¹	134,413	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	70,411	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	66,822	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	482.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	288.65	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	139,160	67,435	71,725
0 to 14 years	19,570	10,070	9,500
0 to 4 years	6,020	3,050	2,965
5 to 9 years	6,600	3,415	3,180
10 to 14 years	6,950	3,600	3,350
15 to 64 years	83,015	41,290	41,730
15 to 19 years	6,550	3,345	3,205
20 to 24 years	8,085	4,040	4,040
25 to 29 years	8,465	4,375	4,095
30 to 34 years	7,590	3,860	3,730
35 to 39 years	7,920	3,990	3,925
40 to 44 years	8,265	4,160	4,110
45 to 49 years	7,090	3,540	3,550
50 to 54 years	7,615	3,725	3,890
55 to 59 years	10,110	4,845	5,260
60 to 64 years	11,325	5,410	5,920
65 years and over	36,575	16,075	20,500
65 to 69 years	10,535	5,000	5,530
70 to 74 years	9,315	4,385	4,925
75 to 79 years	7,055	3,140	3,915
80 to 84 years	4,660	1,915	2,745
85 years and over	5,020	1,640	3,380
85 to 89 years	2,965	1,055	1,910
90 to 94 years	1,610	500	1,110
95 to 99 years	390	70	320
100 years and over	55	10	40
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	14.9	13.2
15 to 64 years	59.7	61.2	58.2
65 years and over	26.3	23.8	28.6
85 years and over	3.6	2.4	4.7
Average age of the population	45.8	44.2	47.2
Median age of the population	47.2	44.8	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	66,825	...	...
Single-detached house	27,845	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,770	...	...
Row house	1,795	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,910	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	25,895	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,110	...	...
Other single-attached house	305	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	195	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	66,820	...	...
1 person	27,505	...	...
2 persons	23,975	...	...
3 persons	7,020	...	...
4 persons	5,665	...	...
5 or more persons	2,655	...	...
Number of persons in private households	133,675	65,570	68,105
Average household size	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	119,595	57,365	62,225
Married or living common-law	63,230	31,620	31,615
Married	31,745	15,910	15,835
Living common-law	31,485	15,710	15,775
Living common law - Never married	25,180	12,480	12,700
Living common law - Separated	300	150	145
Living common law - Divorced	5,320	2,760	2,560
Living common law - Widowed	685	320	365
Not married and not living common-law	56,360	25,750	30,615
Not married and not living common law - Never married	37,320	19,650	17,670
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,435	630	810
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	9,590	3,595	5,995
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,010	1,870	6,140
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	37,140	...	...
2 persons	22,950	...	...
3 persons	6,480	...	...
4 persons	5,455	...	...
5 or more persons	2,250	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	37,135	...	...
Total couple families	30,890	...	...
Married couples	15,145	...	...
With children⁶	4,555	...	...
Without children	10,590	...	...
Common-law couples	15,735	...	...
With children⁶	7,275	...	...
Without children	8,470	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,250	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,550	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,700	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	133,675	65,570	68,110
Total - Persons in census families	99,260	49,205	50,055
Married spouses or common-law partners	61,775	30,840	30,935
Parents in one-parent families	6,250	1,705	4,550
Children⁶	31,235	16,670	14,570
In a two-parent family	21,915	11,600	10,320
In a one-parent family	9,320	5,070	4,245
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	34,415	16,365	18,055
Living alone	27,500	12,710	14,795
Living with other relatives⁷	2,335	1,040	1,300
Living with non-relatives only	4,580	2,615	1,960
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	66,820	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	35,390	...	...
Couple-family households	29,805	...	...
With children⁶	11,380	...	...
Without children	18,420	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,585	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	465	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	90	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	945	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,440	...	...
One-person households	27,505	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	114,125	55,505	58,615
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,790	54,370	57,420
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,830	54,395	57,435
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,000	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,705	49,285	49,425
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	36,000	25,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,445	38,630	35,815
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,400	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,755	44,640	51,115
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,400	11,600	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,925	7,450	6,475
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,750	15,550	14,205
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	114,125	55,505	58,615
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,845	54,375	57,480
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,440	52,200	40,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,895	54,395	57,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,960	42,920	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	98,740	49,185	49,550
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,280	46,840	33,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,450	38,500	35,950
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,680	46,120	36,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,645	44,650	50,995
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,730	11,970	13,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,275	7,615	6,660
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,600	6,165	7,090
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,580	15,425	14,160
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,890	7,680	8,120
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	114,125	55,505	58,615
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,195	18,280	15,910
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	59,600	49,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,750	68,400	56,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,655	15,195	16,460
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	20,200	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,760	30,240	23,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.6	81.2	71.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.7	62.5	56.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.4	18.8	29.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.7	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.8	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	4.2	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	114,120	55,510	58,615
Without total income	2,330	1,140	1,195
With total income	111,790	54,370	57,425
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,850	2,890	3,960
$10,000 to $19,999	14,885	5,690	9,195
$20,000 to $29,999	20,650	8,850	11,800
$30,000 to $39,999	15,895	7,400	8,495
$40,000 to $49,999	14,880	7,310	7,570
$50,000 to $59,999	11,555	5,885	5,665
$60,000 to $69,999	7,770	4,290	3,480
$70,000 to $79,999	5,325	3,135	2,190
$80,000 to $89,999	3,975	2,275	1,705
$90,000 to $99,999	2,755	1,650	1,105
$100,000 and over	7,240	4,990	2,250
$100,000 to $149,999	5,320	3,605	1,710
$150,000 and over	1,925	1,380	540
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	114,120	55,510	58,615
Without after-tax income	2,290	1,115	1,180
With after-tax income	111,835	54,395	57,440
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,515	3,025	4,490
$10,000 to $19,999	15,525	6,060	9,465
$20,000 to $29,999	24,120	10,430	13,685
$30,000 to $39,999	19,815	9,680	10,140
$40,000 to $49,999	16,860	8,710	8,150
$50,000 to $59,999	10,550	5,855	4,690
$60,000 to $69,999	6,475	3,625	2,845
$70,000 to $79,999	4,190	2,390	1,800
$80,000 to $89,999	2,590	1,690	895
$90,000 to $99,999	1,505	1,025	480
$100,000 and over	2,685	1,900	785
$100,000 to $124,999	1,460	1,025	435
$125,000 and over	1,225	870	350
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	114,120	55,510	58,615
Without employment income	39,675	16,880	22,800
With employment income	74,450	38,635	35,820
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,080	5,400	4,675
$5,000 to $9,999	6,290	2,895	3,395
$10,000 to $19,999	9,965	4,405	5,565
$20,000 to $29,999	8,400	3,995	4,410
$30,000 to $39,999	8,080	3,990	4,095
$40,000 to $49,999	7,610	3,625	3,985
$50,000 to $59,999	5,985	3,155	2,830
$60,000 to $69,999	4,570	2,630	1,940
$70,000 to $79,999	3,325	1,990	1,335
$80,000 to $89,999	2,885	1,615	1,275
$90,000 to $99,999	1,910	1,145	770
$100,000 and over	5,345	3,785	1,555
$100,000 to $124,999	2,885	2,035	845
$125,000 and over	2,460	1,750	710
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	114,125	55,505	58,615
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	110,280	53,605	56,680
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,800	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	110,380	53,605	56,770
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	36,000	28,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,470	48,750	48,720
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	37,200	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,360	38,975	36,375
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,800	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,245	40,510	47,735
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,100	8,200	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,580	6,870	5,715
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,600	4,720	4,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	114,125	55,505	58,615
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	110,235	53,580	56,655
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	49,640	37,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	110,345	53,595	56,750
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,440	40,640	32,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,355	48,550	48,810
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,240	47,080	33,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,275	38,760	36,515
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,880	45,960	35,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,235	40,540	47,700
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,060	9,210	10,770
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,000	6,940	6,060
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,450	5,810	7,190
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	114,125	55,505	58,615
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,095	18,205	15,890
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	55,200	45,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,900	64,000	50,920
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,070	14,460	15,615
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	24,600	19,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,840	35,520	26,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.6	86.0	76.0
Employment income (%)	64.0	67.0	60.4
Government transfers (%)	18.5	14.0	23.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.5	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	66,820	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	27,505	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	39,320	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	66,820	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	27,480	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	39,340	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	66,825	...	...
Under $5,000	555	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	535	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,380	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,055	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,310	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,110	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,585	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,700	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,530	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,225	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,055	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,240	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,795	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,320	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,250	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,270	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,975	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,225	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,775	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	66,825	...	...
Under $5,000	615	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	550	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,410	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,145	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,645	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,985	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,835	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,470	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,410	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,845	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,510	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,520	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,725	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,045	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,195	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,930	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,450	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,115	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,370	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	37,475	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	18,555	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,880	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,110	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	32,080	15,325	16,755
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	35,200	31,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,200	31,600	29,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	37,420	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,590	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,920	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,080	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	32,230	15,470	16,760
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,480	41,320	37,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,960	34,960	33,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	133,675	65,565	68,105
0 to 17 years	23,355	12,035	11,320
0 to 5 years	7,295	3,705	3,585
18 to 64 years	78,635	38,915	39,720
65 years and over	31,685	14,620	17,065
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	19,990	9,135	10,855
0 to 17 years	2,805	1,455	1,345
0 to 5 years	930	460	475
18 to 64 years	10,240	5,120	5,120
65 years and over	6,945	2,560	4,385
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.0	13.9	15.9
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	12.1	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	12.8	12.4	13.2
18 to 64 years (%)	13.0	13.2	12.9
65 years and over (%)	21.9	17.5	25.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	133,675	65,570	68,110
0 to 17 years	23,355	12,035	11,320
0 to 5 years	7,295	3,710	3,585
18 to 64 years	78,635	38,910	39,725
65 years and over	31,685	14,620	17,065
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,865	3,575	3,285
0 to 17 years	770	430	335
0 to 5 years	230	125	105
18 to 64 years	5,580	2,940	2,645
65 years and over	520	210	310
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.1	5.5	4.8
0 to 17 years (%)	3.3	3.6	3.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.1	3.4	2.9
18 to 64 years (%)	7.1	7.6	6.7
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.4	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	133,675	65,570	68,105
In bottom half of the distribution	82,475	39,375	43,095
In bottom decile	17,030	7,915	9,115
In second decile	17,320	8,100	9,220
In third decile	16,845	8,035	8,810
In fourth decile	16,575	8,005	8,570
In fifth decile	14,710	7,325	7,380
In top half of the distribution	51,200	26,190	25,015
In sixth decile	13,415	6,830	6,585
In seventh decile	12,070	6,115	5,950
In eighth decile	10,930	5,555	5,380
In ninth decile	8,625	4,490	4,135
In top decile	6,160	3,200	2,960
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	133,675	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.316	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.459	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.272	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	136,810	66,535	70,280
English only	390	235	150
French only	90,700	41,025	49,675
English and French	45,350	25,085	20,265
Neither English nor French	375	190	185
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	136,810	66,535	70,280
English	1,925	990	935
French	133,395	64,750	68,650
English and French	1,150	635	520
Neither English nor French	345	165	180
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	136,810	66,535	70,280
Single responses	134,955	65,555	69,405
Official languages	130,085	63,080	67,010
English	1,600	820	780
French	128,485	62,255	66,225
Non-official languages	4,875	2,475	2,395
Indigenous languages³⁹	275	120	150
Algonquian languages	265	120	145
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	265	120	145
Atikamekw	255	115	140
Cree languages	5	0	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	5	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,600	2,355	2,245
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,210	690	520
Berber languages	75	40	40
Kabyle	65	30	35
Tamazight	15	10	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	20	10	10
Hausa	10	5	5
Mina	10	5	5
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,105	640	465
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	1,105	635	460
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	60	60
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	20
Vietnamese	80	40	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	115	60	55
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	40	20	20
Merina	30	10	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	5
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	35	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	145	75	75
Haitian Creole	85	35	50
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	20	10	10
Sango	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	0
Tamil	5	5	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,215	1,095	1,120
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	120	60	60
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	120	60	60
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5
Czech	0	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	10	10
Russian	40	20	20
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	15
Bosnian	20	10	10
Croatian	5	5	5
Serbian	20	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5
Irish	5	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	95	45	50
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	75	35	40
German	65	30	35
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	5	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	15	0	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	60	50	15
Indo-Iranian languages	110	60	50
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	0	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	80	45	35
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	25	10	10
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	50	25	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	45	20	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,825	885	940
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	40	25	15
Portuguese	185	85	100
Romanian	35	25	15
Spanish	1,555	750	805
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	10
Korean	10	5	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	460	230	230
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	15	10	5
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	15	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	15	5
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	5
Lingala	20	5	10
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	5	5	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	75	35	40
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	5	5	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	155	80	75
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	55	25	25
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	85	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	200	90	115
Chinese languages	200	90	115
Hakka	5	0	0
Mandarin	160	65	95
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20
Lao	20	10	15
Thai	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	5	0	5
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,855	975	875
English and French	980	505	480
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	30
French and non-official language(s)	680	375	305
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	50	30
Multiple non-official languages	50	20	25
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	136,810	66,535	70,280
English	720	380	345
French	126,175	60,940	65,235
Non-official language	1,415	735	685
Indigenous³⁹	75	35	40
Non-Indigenous	1,335	695	645
English and French	4,455	2,455	2,000
English and non-official language(s)	185	100	85
French and non-official language(s)	2,905	1,410	1,495
English, French and non-official language(s)	875	475	405
Multiple non-official languages	80	40	35
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	136,810	66,535	70,280
Single responses	134,900	65,545	69,355
Official languages	132,245	64,190	68,055
English	1,220	620	595
French	131,030	63,565	67,465
Non-official languages	2,650	1,360	1,295
Indigenous languages³⁹	135	70	65
Algonquian languages	130	70	65
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	130	70	65
Atikamekw	130	70	65
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,515	1,290	1,225
Afro-Asiatic languages	485	255	230
Berber languages	20	5	10
Kabyle	20	5	10
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	5	0	5
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	460	250	205
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	455	250	205
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	5	10
Vietnamese	50	25	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	55	40	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5
Merina	10	5	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	30	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	50	25	20
Haitian Creole	30	15	15
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	5	5
Sango	5	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,435	720	715
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	25	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	55	25	30
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	5
Russian	30	15	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5
Bosnian	5	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	10	5
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	0
German	10	5	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	20	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	70	35	30
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	55	30	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	5	5
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	40	20	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,270	635	640
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	130	65	65
Romanian	15	10	5
Spanish	1,125	560	565
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	0
Korean	0	5	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	200	100	105
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	5	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5
Lingala	10	0	10
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	15	25
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	90	45	45
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	20	10	10
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	30	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	25	20	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	75	80
Chinese languages	155	75	80
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	130	60	70
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0
Lao	5	5	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,915	990	925
English and French	850	445	405
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	30
French and non-official language(s)	900	455	445
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	45	40
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	10
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	136,810	66,535	70,280
None	129,985	62,905	67,075
English	3,445	1,950	1,500
French	1,260	620	645
Non-official language	1,345	660	685
Indigenous³⁹	50	20	35
Non-Indigenous	1,290	640	650
English and French	170	95	70
English and non-official language(s)	405	215	185
French and non-official language(s)	105	40	60
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	90	45	45
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	133,675	65,565	68,105
Official languages	133,330	65,390	67,940
English	45,390	25,150	20,240
French	132,925	65,155	67,770
Non-official languages	9,990	4,960	5,035
Indigenous languages³⁹	390	170	220
Algonquian languages	365	160	205
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	365	155	205
Atikamekw	350	140	205
Cree languages	10	10	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,625	4,800	4,820
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,645	950	695
Berber languages	75	35	45
Kabyle	40	15	20
Tamazight	35	15	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	75	40	40
Hausa	25	20	10
Mina	50	20	30
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,570	910	665
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	1,560	905	655
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	70	80
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15
Vietnamese	115	55	60
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	195	95	100
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	25	10	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	85	50	35
Merina	55	35	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	15
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	35	55
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	340	190	155
Haitian Creole	170	90	80
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	65	35	25
Sango	20	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	75	50	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20
Dravidian languages	30	10	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	0	10
Tamil	15	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,960	2,835	3,130
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	215	125	85
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	215	125	85
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	25	15	10
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	15	0
Russian	150	85	65
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	20
Bosnian	10	10	0
Croatian	25	10	15
Serbian	25	15	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	15	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Celtic languages	20	0	15
Irish	20	0	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	365	200	165
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	320	180	140
German	310	175	135
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	15	20
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	30	15	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	15
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	15	0	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	130	70	55
Indo-Iranian languages	245	125	125
Indo-Aryan languages	110	40	65
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	45	25	20
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	55	15	40
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	140	80	55
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	45	25	20
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	75	40	35
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	45	25	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,210	2,420	2,790
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	320	150	170
Portuguese	325	160	165
Romanian	65	25	45
Spanish	4,735	2,215	2,520
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	55	20	25
Korean	50	25	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	980	530	455
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	45	20	25
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	55	15	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	45	25
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	15	10
Lingala	120	80	45
Luba-Kasai	10	10	0
Mòoré	40	15	25
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	130	65	65
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	260	130	130
Wojenaka	15	0	15
Wolof	130	100	30
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	260	140	120
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	10
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10
African, n.o.s.	40	20	20
Sign languages	190	90	95
American Sign Language	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	160	80	80
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	350	140	205
Chinese languages	350	140	205
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	325	130	195
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	10	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	30
Lao	20	10	10
Thai	30	0	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	15	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	15	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	133,675	65,565	68,110
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,555	1,185	1,370
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,355	1,100	1,255
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,520	710	810
Métis	790	380	415
Inuk (Inuit)	35	15	30
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	15	35
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	155	65	85
Non-Indigenous identity	131,115	64,385	66,740
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	133,675	65,565	68,110
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,050	470	585
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	132,625	65,100	67,525
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	66,820	...	...
Owner	36,415	...	...
Renter	30,405	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	66,820	...	...
Condominium	6,895	...	...
Not condominium	59,930	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	66,820	...	...
No bedrooms	280	...	...
1 bedroom	11,075	...	...
2 bedrooms	21,725	...	...
3 bedrooms	20,900	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,845	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	66,820	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	24,680	...	...
5 rooms	12,720	...	...
6 rooms	6,805	...	...
7 rooms	6,480	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,145	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	66,820	...	...
One person or fewer per room	66,600	...	...
More than one person per room	220	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	66,820	...	...
Suitable	65,845	...	...
Not suitable	975	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	66,820	...	...
1960 or before	14,890	...	...
1961 to 1980	20,855	...	...
1981 to 1990	9,700	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,370	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,975	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,155	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,585	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,295	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	66,820	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	63,130	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,690	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	66,820	...	...
One-maintainer household	41,185	...	...
Two-maintainer household	24,700	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	940	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	66,820	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,310	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,920	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,920	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,250	...	...
55 to 64 years	13,645	...	...
65 to 74 years	12,720	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,065	...	...
85 years and over	1,995	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	66,600	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	57,830	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,770	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,045	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	66,820	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,630	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,055	...	...
Not suitable only	815	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,960	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	640	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	54,190	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	65,880	...	...
In core need	2,355	...	...
Not in core need	63,525	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	36,390	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	956	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	227,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,400	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	632	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	676	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	133,675	65,570	68,110
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,565	1,100	1,465
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,540	1,090	1,450
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,310	1,000	1,310
Métis single ancestry	215	90	125
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	15	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,905	1,420	1,480
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,885	1,415	1,470
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,590	1,250	1,340
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	280	165	110
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	128,205	63,040	65,160
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	133,675	65,570	68,110
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	128,925	62,990	65,935
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,480	11,525	10,955
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	106,445	51,465	54,975
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,745	2,575	2,175
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	133,675	65,570	68,110
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	125,295	61,185	64,110
Immigrants⁸¹	6,020	3,030	2,995
Before 1980	525	260	265
1980 to 1990	330	175	155
1991 to 2000	460	200	265
2001 to 2010	1,855	925	925
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,860	1,480	1,385
2011 to 2015	1,415	775	635
2016 to 2021	1,445	695	745
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,360	1,350	1,010
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,020	3,030	2,995
Under 5 years	805	390	420
5 to 14 years	1,150	570	580
15 to 24 years	915	455	460
25 to 44 years	2,765	1,420	1,345
45 years and over	390	200	185
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,020	3,030	2,995
Americas	1,700	760	935
Brazil	95	60	40
Colombia	750	335	410
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	220	105	110
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	115	45	70
Peru	40	20	25
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	15
United States of America	120	50	70
Other places of birth in Americas	345	155	195
Europe	1,390	735	655
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15
Croatia	10	0	0
France	870	500	375
Germany	50	25	30
Greece	65	45	20
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	15	15	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	10	0	0
Romania	35	10	20
Russian Federation	15	10	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	20
Other places of birth in Europe	240	95	145
Africa	2,200	1,215	985
Algeria	240	160	80
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	235	115	115
Egypt	15	10	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	375	225	155
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,335	700	630
Asia	730	315	415
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10
Iraq	45	30	15
Lebanon	85	50	40
Syria⁸⁹	95	55	40
Turkey	20	15	0
China⁹⁰	165	40	120
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	25	15	0
Taiwan	35	20	10
Philippines	75	15	55
Viet Nam	80	25	50
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	20	10	10
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	25	55
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,445	700	745
Americas	285	135	145
Brazil	15	10	10
Colombia	100	60	45
Haiti	10	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	45	25	20
United States of America	20	20	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	90	25	60
Europe	185	115	75
France	105	60	45
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	10	0
Ukraine	10	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	55	30	25
Africa	735	345	390
Algeria	50	30	20
Burundi	20	10	15
Cameroon	160	80	75
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	30	15
Côte d'Ivoire	160	55	110
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	45	20	30
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	35	25	15
Other places of birth in Africa	210	90	120
Asia	230	105	130
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	0	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	30	10	15
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	35	15	25
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	80	45	35
Turkey	10	10	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	10	20
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	133,675	65,565	68,105
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,835	4,535	4,300
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,705	2,395	2,310
Third generation or more¹⁰²	120,140	58,645	61,495
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,500	2,775	2,725
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,830	1,570	1,255
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,320	935	390
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,505	640	865
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,305	510	795
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,350	680	675
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	10	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,500	2,775	2,725
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	140	70	70
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	455	245	210
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	215	120	90
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	400	265	135
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	10	30
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,250	2,050	2,195
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	133,675	65,565	68,105
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,020	4,140	3,885
South Asian	205	85	120
Chinese	440	145	295
Black	3,735	1,975	1,760
Filipino	125	55	75
Arab	1,340	800	540
Latin American	1,610	790	820
Southeast Asian	275	130	140
West Asian	55	25	30
Korean	25	20	10
Japanese	35	15	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	120	60	60
Multiple visible minorities	65	45	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	125,655	61,435	64,220
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	133,675	65,570	68,105
Canadian	51,645	24,740	26,905
English	1,275	620	655
Irish	4,075	1,915	2,165
Scottish	1,780	945	835
French, n.o.s.¹²²	30,830	15,480	15,350
German	1,320	665	655
Chinese	445	145	305
Italian	1,085	505	590
Indian (India)	295	185	115
Ukrainian	165	85	90
Dutch	105	55	50
Polish	255	155	105
Québécois	18,685	9,045	9,640
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	170	100	70
Filipino	80	50	30
French Canadian	12,890	6,305	6,585
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,675	1,850	1,820
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,055	925	1,130
Métis	530	270	260
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,505	1,810	1,695
Russian	100	55	45
Norwegian	85	40	40
Welsh	15	0	10
Portuguese	200	125	75
American	735	330	400
Spanish	600	255	345
Swedish	30	20	10
Hungarian	75	40	35
Acadian	1,300	600	700
Pakistani	10	0	10
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	750	405	350
Jewish	75	55	25
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	170	70	100
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	665	350	310
Greek	240	125	110
Jamaican	25	15	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	125	55	70
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	75	30	40
Korean	20	15	0
Romanian	135	50	90
Lebanese	275	160	110
Iranian	70	35	35
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,235	635	605
Danish	25	20	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	540	255	285
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	45	10	30
Belgian	570	270	300
Haitian	425	220	210
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	280	130	145
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	230	140	90
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	45	20	25
Japanese	30	20	10
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	190	105	80
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	10	0
Muslim	75	50	30
Egyptian	95	65	25
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	180	95	85
Tamil	10	10	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	880	440	445
Moroccan	420	275	145
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	130	70	60
Guyanese	10	0	10
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	60	15
Serbian	20	10	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	10	0	10
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	60	40	20
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	15
Turkish	30	15	20
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	0	30
Bangladeshi	40	20	10
Algerian	270	170	100
Brazilian	170	80	90
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	20	15	0
Slovak	10	10	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	20	10	10
Iraqi	55	35	20
Salvadorean	35	15	25
African Caribbean	25	15	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35	0	25
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	20	15
Algonquin	360	165	195
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	25	0	15
South African	0	0	0
Australian	10	0	0
Palestinian	20	15	0
Chilean	85	45	45
Congolese	360	195	165
Nova Scotian	10	0	10
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	15	15
Peruvian	75	35	40
Yoruba	20	20	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	40	20
Berber	220	75	140
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	15	10	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	20	25
New Brunswicker	80	50	30
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	20	10	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	70	35	35
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	35	20	10
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	40	20	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	10	15
Tunisian	225	145	85
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	100	45	55
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	65	25	40
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	275	145	125
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	35	25	0
Cameroonian	230	110	120
Guatemalan	55	45	10
Indonesian	20	10	10
Laotian	45	30	15
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	15	10	10
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	10	0	0
Ecuadorian	25	15	15
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	35	15	20
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	30	35
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	30	15	15
Dominican	100	45	55
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	60	25	35
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	605	265	345
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	150	85	65
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	280	150	140
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	20	10	10
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	55	40	15
Huron (Wendat)	170	65	100
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	150	60	95
Norman	165	85	80
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	280	135	145
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	10
Burundian	190	105	85
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	120	55	60
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	35	10	25
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	10	0	0
Honduran	60	40	20
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	25	0	20
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	180	85	95
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40	15	25
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	455	215	240
Bamileke	90	45	45
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	145	100	45
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	30	10	20
Uruguayan	15	10	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	30	0	25
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	55	15	40
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	100	50	45
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	55	25	35
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	25	10	15
Beninese	45	20	25
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	35	25	10
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	145	80	65
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	133,675	65,565	68,110
Buddhist	145	70	75
Christian	94,965	44,955	50,010
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,850	2,940	2,910
Anabaptist	20	10	0
Anglican	70	35	35
Baptist	440	205	240
Catholic	86,420	40,750	45,670
Christian Orthodox	275	145	130
Jehovah's Witness	465	175	290
Latter Day Saints	20	20	0
Lutheran	45	20	20
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	310	160	150
Presbyterian	25	10	15
Reformed	25	15	10
United Church	40	30	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	960	450	510
Hindu	65	20	40
Jewish	35	35	0
Muslim	2,195	1,245	955
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	400	160	240
No religion and secular perspectives	35,850	19,075	16,780
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	132,570	65,005	67,570
Non-movers	115,895	56,885	59,005
Movers	16,675	8,120	8,560
Non-migrants	11,275	5,440	5,835
Migrants	5,405	2,685	2,725
Internal migrants	4,805	2,360	2,440
Intraprovincial migrants	4,595	2,280	2,315
Interprovincial migrants	210	80	130
External migrants	600	320	280
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	127,620	62,345	65,270
Non-movers	76,540	37,515	39,025
Movers	51,085	24,835	26,250
Non-migrants	29,700	14,170	15,525
Migrants	21,385	10,665	10,720
Internal migrants	18,250	8,960	9,290
Intraprovincial migrants	17,605	8,660	8,945
Interprovincial migrants	645	295	345
External migrants	3,135	1,710	1,430
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	114,125	55,505	58,615
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,710	11,195	10,515
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	92,415	44,310	48,105
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,870	33,515	34,355
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,470	5,480	3,990
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	58,400	28,030	30,360
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	114,125	55,510	58,615
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,205	9,340	9,865
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,480	12,005	13,475
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	69,445	34,165	35,275
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	46,895	24,035	22,860
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20,005	12,470	7,530
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	14,690	8,270	6,415
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,315	4,205	1,110
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	22,345	9,655	12,695
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,545	1,910	2,630
Bachelor's degree or higher	22,550	10,130	12,420
Bachelor's degree	14,845	6,420	8,420
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,665	770	890
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	750	340	405
Master's degree	4,405	2,110	2,300
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	895	485	405
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,865	33,510	34,355
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,705	4,235	3,470
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,095	5,610	5,485
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,065	23,670	25,395
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	32,115	16,490	15,625
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,490	8,855	5,635
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,720	5,900	4,820
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,765	2,950	810
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,840	6,370	8,470
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,790	1,265	1,525
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,950	7,180	9,770
Bachelor's degree	10,970	4,550	6,420
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,150	460	690
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	620	245	375
Master's degree	3,575	1,625	1,950
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	640	305	335
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	114,125	55,510	58,620
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	44,675	21,340	23,335
Education	5,855	1,435	4,420
13. Education	5,855	1,435	4,420
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,870	840	1,030
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	305	200	105
50. Visual and performing arts	1,570	640	930
Humanities	3,565	1,505	2,060
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	410	100	315
23. English language and literature/letters	135	40	95
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,665	695	970
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	180	110	70
39. Theology and religious vocations	250	145	100
54. History	325	205	115
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	575	205	375
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,410	1,560	3,855
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	20	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	795	275	520
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,030	75	960
22. Legal professions and studies	700	250	450
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	160	40	120
42. Psychology	1,780	425	1,350
45. Social sciences	865	470	400
Business, management and public administration	16,115	5,825	10,290
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	940	245	695
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,170	5,580	9,595
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,590	1,465	1,120
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	815	355	460
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	300	180	115
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	565	240	325
40. Physical sciences	715	550	165
41. Science technologies/technicians	200	145	60
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,095	1,455	645
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,645	1,270	375
25. Library science	275	55	225
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	90	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	45	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,295	14,175	1,115
04. Architecture and related services	410	240	165
14. Engineering	2,200	1,915	280
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,145	2,875	270
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,520	3,390	130
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,480	3,335	145
48. Precision production	2,540	2,420	125
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,450	895	555
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	765	305	465
03. Natural resources and conservation	680	590	95
Health and related fields	9,865	1,910	7,955
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	690	360	335
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,790	1,395	7,395
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	360	155	200
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,320	3,095	2,230
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,660	750	1,905
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0
43. Security and protective services	1,185	980	205
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,455	1,345	115
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	67,870	33,515	34,355
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,800	9,840	8,960
Education	3,555	810	2,745
13. Education	3,555	810	2,745
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,350	630	725
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	225	150	75
50. Visual and performing arts	1,130	480	645
Humanities	2,005	815	1,190
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	295	55	240
23. English language and literature/letters	85	25	60
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	860	385	475
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	65	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	40	40
54. History	220	135	85
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	340	110	235
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,105	1,100	3,010
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	665	220	445
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	785	50	745
22. Legal professions and studies	530	180	350
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	25	75
42. Psychology	1,350	300	1,050
45. Social sciences	610	315	290
Business, management and public administration	11,575	3,925	7,640
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	700	170	530
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,875	3,755	7,115
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,430	840	595
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	595	240	360
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	110	85	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	110	70	40
40. Physical sciences	470	355	125
41. Science technologies/technicians	140	90	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,635	1,150	480
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,395	1,070	325
25. Library science	140	20	130
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	40	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	25	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,905	9,925	985
04. Architecture and related services	310	185	130
14. Engineering	1,790	1,525	260
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,245	1,985	250
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,435	2,335	105
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,385	2,260	130
48. Precision production	1,740	1,630	110
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,200	725	475
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	640	255	395
03. Natural resources and conservation	555	475	80
Health and related fields	7,255	1,435	5,820
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	545	265	280
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,370	1,045	5,320
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	310	115	190
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,045	2,310	1,735
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,015	545	1,465
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	925	760	160
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,100	995	105
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	67,870	33,515	34,355
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,800	9,840	8,960
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	49,065	23,670	25,395
Location of study inside Canada	46,665	22,405	24,260
Same as province or territory of residence	46,105	22,100	24,000
Different than province or territory of residence	560	305	260
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,400	1,265	1,135
Americas	655	310	355
United States of America	65	20	45
Mexico	90	40	50
Cuba	45	20	25
Haiti	10	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	105	50	50
Colombia	245	120	125
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	15
Other locations of study in Americas	70	40	30
Europe	750	445	305
Belgium	45	15	30
France	535	320	215
Germany	35	25	10
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	35	30	10
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	25	15	10
Ukraine	20	0	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	20	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10
Africa	710	400	315
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	145	95	60
Morocco	90	50	40
Tunisia	95	50	40
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	375	205	170
Asia	275	110	165
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	15
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	70	25	45
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	40	15	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	50	15	40
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	15	15
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	114,125	55,505	58,615
In the labour force	67,080	34,165	32,910
Employed	62,620	31,600	31,015
Unemployed	4,460	2,565	1,900
Not in the labour force	47,045	21,345	25,705
Participation rate	58.8	61.6	56.1
Employment rate	54.9	56.9	52.9
Unemployment rate	6.6	7.5	5.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	114,125	55,510	58,620
Did not work¹⁸⁶	46,100	20,755	25,345
Worked	68,025	34,755	33,275
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,975	18,770	16,205
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	33,050	15,980	17,070
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	41.7	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	67,075	34,165	32,915
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,505	780	720
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	65,575	33,380	32,190
Employee	59,280	29,855	29,425
Permanent position	49,370	25,110	24,265
Temporary position	9,910	4,745	5,165
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,315	1,470	1,850
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,595	3,280	3,315
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,290	3,530	2,765
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	67,075	34,165	32,915
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,505	780	720
All occupations¹⁹¹	65,575	33,380	32,190
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	915	600	310
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,540	3,450	7,085
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,830	3,020	815
3 Health occupations	6,930	1,300	5,630
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,960	2,790	6,165
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,535	785	750
6 Sales and service occupations	18,290	8,285	10,010
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,740	10,005	730
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	590	480	115
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,250	2,670	580
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	67,075	34,165	32,915
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,505	780	720
All industries¹⁹¹	65,575	33,380	32,190
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	545	350	195
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	160	145	20
22 Utilities	795	640	150
23 Construction	4,060	3,575	480
31-33 Manufacturing	7,180	5,725	1,455
41 Wholesale trade	1,555	1,140	410
44-45 Retail trade	8,895	4,110	4,780
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,585	2,135	450
51 Information and cultural industries	1,280	730	550
52 Finance and insurance	1,835	730	1,105
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	730	430	300
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,375	1,890	1,485
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	0	20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,235	1,450	785
61 Educational services	5,535	1,680	3,855
62 Health care and social assistance	12,085	2,470	9,610
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	935	520	415
72 Accommodation and food services	4,515	2,045	2,465
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,180	1,545	1,635
91 Public administration	4,090	2,060	2,030
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	71,995	36,685	35,315
English	585	335	255
French	63,715	31,535	32,180
Non-official language	75	25	50
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous	70	25	45
English and French	7,235	4,610	2,625
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	190	95	90
English, French and non-official language(s)	180	80	105
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	71,995	36,685	35,315
Single responses	71,000	36,110	34,890
Official languages	70,865	36,045	34,820
English	1,490	895	595
French	69,380	35,150	34,220
Non-official languages	135	65	75
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10
Algonquian languages	10	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10
Atikamekw	10	0	10
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	130	65	65
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	70	45	25
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	45	25
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	70	45	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	0	20
Chinese languages	25	0	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	0	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	995	575	420
English and French	935	555	375
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	55	20	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	71,995	36,685	35,315
None	65,340	32,455	32,885
English	5,465	3,525	1,940
French	905	575	330
Non-official language	140	60	75
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	135	55	75
English and French	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	100	55	50
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	62,615	31,605	31,015
Worked at home	9,480	4,420	5,060
Worked outside Canada	85	65	25
No fixed workplace address	6,300	4,520	1,780
Usual place of work	46,755	22,600	24,155
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	46,750	22,600	24,150
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	37,140	16,810	20,325
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	470	230	240
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,110	5,530	3,580
Commute to a different province or territory	40	30	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	53,055	27,120	25,935
Car, truck or van	48,150	24,715	23,435
Car, truck or van - as a driver	45,770	23,630	22,135
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,380	1,085	1,295
Public transit	1,260	465	790
Walked	2,580	1,235	1,345
Bicycle	360	295	65
Other method	715	410	295
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	53,055	27,120	25,935
Less than 15 minutes	24,860	11,765	13,090
15 to 29 minutes	19,255	9,620	9,645
30 to 44 minutes	5,690	3,440	2,255
45 to 59 minutes	1,375	870	510
60 minutes and over	1,865	1,430	435
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	53,055	27,120	25,935
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,405	1,880	525
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,220	5,590	2,630
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	17,830	8,715	9,120
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,780	4,460	7,325
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,750	1,975	2,775
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,060	4,505	3,555
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,800	12,270	11,530
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,580	1,245	1,335
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,220	11,020	10,200
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,335	8,995	8,340
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,025	960	1,065
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,530	685	845
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	490	275	220
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,310	8,035	7,275

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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