Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Sherbrooke, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	172,950
Population, 2016¹	161,323
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.2
Total private dwellings²	86,019
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	80,476
Population density per square kilometre	489.4
Land area in square kilometres	353.40
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	172,950
0 to 14 years	27,230
0 to 4 years	8,145
5 to 9 years	9,375
10 to 14 years	9,705
15 to 64 years	108,800
15 to 19 years	9,255
20 to 24 years	13,505
25 to 29 years	12,755
30 to 34 years	10,955
35 to 39 years	10,520
40 to 44 years	10,880
45 to 49 years	9,370
50 to 54 years	9,370
55 to 59 years	10,900
60 to 64 years	11,295
65 years and over	36,920
65 to 69 years	10,705
70 to 74 years	9,415
75 to 79 years	7,030
80 to 84 years	4,555
85 years and over	5,215
85 to 89 years	3,025
90 to 94 years	1,640
95 to 99 years	465
100 years and over	75
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.7
15 to 64 years	62.9
65 years and over	21.3
85 years and over	3.0
Average age of the population	42.2
Median age of the population	41.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	80,475
Single-detached house	29,735
Semi-detached house	4,115
Row house	2,385
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,530
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	36,655
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,445
Other single-attached house	195
Movable dwelling⁴	420
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	80,475
1 person	32,260
2 persons	27,680
3 persons	8,725
4 persons	7,660
5 or more persons	4,155
Number of persons in private households	167,180
Average household size	2.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	145,720
Married or living common-law	76,150
Married	38,980
Living common-law	37,175
Living common law - Never married	30,440
Living common law - Separated	320
Living common law - Divorced	5,790
Living common law - Widowed	625
Not married and not living common-law	69,570
Not married and not living common law - Never married	49,375
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,830
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	11,285
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,080
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	44,770
2 persons	25,840
3 persons	7,935
4 persons	7,325
5 or more persons	3,675
Average size of census families	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	44,770
Total couple families	37,335
Married couples	18,755
With children⁶	7,205
Without children	11,545
Common-law couples	18,585
With children⁶	8,565
Without children	10,020
Total one-parent families	7,430
in which the parent is a woman+	5,385
in which the parent is a man+	2,050
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	167,180
Total - Persons in census families	124,610
Married spouses or common-law partners	74,680
Parents in one-parent families	7,435
Children⁶	42,505
In a two-parent family	30,850
In a one-parent family	11,650
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	42,570
Living alone	32,260
Living with other relatives⁷	2,760
Living with non-relatives only	7,550
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	80,475
One-census-family households without additional persons	42,755
Couple-family households	36,045
With children⁶	15,215
Without children	20,835
One-parent-family households	6,705
Multigenerational households⁸	480
Multiple-census-family households⁹	90
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,195
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,700
One-person households	32,260
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	139,990
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	136,625
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	136,640
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	123,190
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,340
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	116,625
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,970
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,975
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	139,990
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	136,550
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	136,555
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	123,135
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,345
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	116,445
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,890
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,910
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,645
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,300
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	139,990
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	43,710
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	43,845
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	139,985
Without total income	3,360
With total income	136,630
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,690
$10,000 to $19,999	18,130
$20,000 to $29,999	25,145
$30,000 to $39,999	19,045
$40,000 to $49,999	18,055
$50,000 to $59,999	13,835
$60,000 to $69,999	9,765
$70,000 to $79,999	6,960
$80,000 to $89,999	5,255
$90,000 to $99,999	3,515
$100,000 and over	8,230
$100,000 to $149,999	5,815
$150,000 and over	2,415
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	139,985
Without after-tax income	3,350
With after-tax income	136,640
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,240
$10,000 to $19,999	19,030
$20,000 to $29,999	29,365
$30,000 to $39,999	23,960
$40,000 to $49,999	20,290
$50,000 to $59,999	13,285
$60,000 to $69,999	8,670
$70,000 to $79,999	5,270
$80,000 to $89,999	2,660
$90,000 to $99,999	1,515
$100,000 and over	3,355
$100,000 to $124,999	1,785
$125,000 and over	1,575
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	139,985
Without employment income	42,645
With employment income	97,345
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,955
$5,000 to $9,999	8,360
$10,000 to $19,999	13,605
$20,000 to $29,999	11,195
$30,000 to $39,999	10,695
$40,000 to $49,999	10,310
$50,000 to $59,999	7,885
$60,000 to $69,999	6,250
$70,000 to $79,999	4,645
$80,000 to $89,999	4,225
$90,000 to $99,999	2,250
$100,000 and over	5,975
$100,000 to $124,999	3,025
$125,000 and over	2,955
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	139,990
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	134,225
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	134,270
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	121,065
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,070
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	106,985
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	14,360
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	139,990
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	134,300
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	134,340
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	121,195
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,390
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	106,610
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,375
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,420
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	139,990
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	43,435
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	41,460
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	83.2
Employment income (%)	67.8
Government transfers (%)	16.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	80,475
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,400
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,200
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	32,260
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	48,220
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,500
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	80,475
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	32,240
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,960
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,960
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	48,235
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,700
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,900
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	80,475
Under $5,000	715
$5,000 to $9,999	620
$10,000 to $14,999	1,565
$15,000 to $19,999	2,635
$20,000 to $24,999	5,790
$25,000 to $29,999	3,900
$30,000 to $34,999	3,640
$35,000 to $39,999	4,280
$40,000 to $44,999	4,315
$45,000 to $49,999	4,145
$50,000 to $59,999	7,105
$60,000 to $69,999	6,060
$70,000 to $79,999	5,430
$80,000 to $89,999	4,825
$90,000 to $99,999	4,095
$100,000 and over	21,365
$100,000 to $124,999	7,745
$125,000 to $149,999	5,110
$150,000 to $199,999	5,140
$200,000 and over	3,370
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	80,475
Under $5,000	770
$5,000 to $9,999	650
$10,000 to $14,999	1,610
$15,000 to $19,999	2,735
$20,000 to $24,999	6,290
$25,000 to $29,999	4,760
$30,000 to $34,999	4,485
$35,000 to $39,999	5,320
$40,000 to $44,999	4,970
$45,000 to $49,999	4,545
$50,000 to $59,999	7,880
$60,000 to $69,999	6,770
$70,000 to $79,999	5,865
$80,000 to $89,999	4,800
$90,000 to $99,999	4,030
$100,000 and over	14,995
$100,000 to $124,999	7,090
$125,000 to $149,999	3,895
$150,000 and over	4,005
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	45,255
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,500
Average family size of economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	21,075
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,810
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	7,310
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	39,805
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	45,275
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	21,085
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,500
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,880
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,255
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,200
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,550
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	39,755
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,320
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	167,185
0 to 17 years	32,535
0 to 5 years	9,880
18 to 64 years	102,220
65 years and over	32,425
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	24,185
0 to 17 years	3,595
0 to 5 years	1,155
18 to 64 years	13,575
65 years and over	7,015
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.5
0 to 17 years (%)	11.1
0 to 5 years (%)	11.7
18 to 64 years (%)	13.3
65 years and over (%)	21.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	167,180
0 to 17 years	32,535
0 to 5 years	9,885
18 to 64 years	102,220
65 years and over	32,430
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,250
0 to 17 years	1,080
0 to 5 years	325
18 to 64 years	7,550
65 years and over	625
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.5
0 to 17 years (%)	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	3.3
18 to 64 years (%)	7.4
65 years and over (%)	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	167,185
In bottom half of the distribution	103,945
In bottom decile	21,655
In second decile	21,530
In third decile	21,195
In fourth decile	20,725
In fifth decile	18,840
In top half of the distribution	63,235
In sixth decile	17,335
In seventh decile	15,425
In eighth decile	13,060
In ninth decile	10,055
In top decile	7,360
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	167,180
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.316
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.447
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	170,550
English only	2,865
French only	87,950
English and French	78,545
Neither English nor French	1,185
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	170,550
English	8,710
French	157,275
English and French	3,430
Neither English nor French	1,130
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	170,550
Single responses	166,640
Official languages	153,880
English	6,600
French	147,275
Non-official languages	12,765
Indigenous languages³⁹	25
Algonquian languages	10
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	10
Atikamekw	5
Cree languages	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,745
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,580
Berber languages	195
Kabyle	160
Tamazight	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	65
Hausa	35
Mina	30
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	5
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	2,310
Amharic	5
Arabic	2,210
Aramaic languages	85
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	60
Harari	0
Hebrew	10
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	310
Khmer (Cambodian)	75
Vietnamese	235
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	165
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	5
Indonesian	15
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	35
Merina	25
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	260
Haitian Creole	135
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	90
Creole, n.o.s.	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	110
Kannada	5
Malayalam	15
Tamil	25
Telugu	65
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	7,535
Albanian	20
Armenian	15
Balto-Slavic languages	1,270
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	1,265
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	30
Czech	20
Macedonian	0
Polish	105
Russian	190
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	880
Bosnian	250
Croatian	100
Serbian	505
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25
Slovak	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	190
Frisian	0
High German languages	130
German	120
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	15
Danish	10
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	80
Indo-Iranian languages	1,800
Indo-Aryan languages	300
Assamese	0
Bengali	20
Gujarati	20
Hindi	30
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	10
Nepali	105
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15
Urdu	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	1,500
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	35
Parsi	0
Pashto	15
Persian languages	1,450
Dari	1,195
Iranian Persian	225
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,165
Catalan	20
Italian	130
Portuguese	375
Romanian	180
Spanish	3,450
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	20
Korean	35
Mongolian	5
Niger-Congo languages	1,045
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	30
Edo	0
Éwé	30
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	120
Lingala	60
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	15
Mwani	0
Ndebele	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	195
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	300
Wojenaka	40
Wolof	105
Yoruba	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	135
Nilo-Saharan languages	75
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70
African, n.o.s.	5
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	15
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	460
Chinese languages	455
Hakka	0
Mandarin	365
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	65
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40
Lao	20
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	60
Azerbaijani	10
Kazakh	0
Turkish	50
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	25
Estonian	0
Finnish	5
Hungarian	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	3,910
English and French	2,210
English and non-official language(s)	265
French and non-official language(s)	1,135
English, French and non-official language(s)	145
Multiple non-official languages	150
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	170,550
English	4,800
French	142,205
Non-official language	4,245
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	4,245
English and French	9,755
English and non-official language(s)	920
French and non-official language(s)	5,870
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,465
Multiple non-official languages	280
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	170,550
Single responses	165,910
Official languages	158,340
English	7,010
French	151,325
Non-official languages	7,570
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	5
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	5
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,565
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,430
Berber languages	60
Kabyle	55
Tamazight	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	40
Hausa	20
Mina	15
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	5
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,320
Amharic	0
Arabic	1,245
Aramaic languages	70
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	50
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	160
Khmer (Cambodian)	35
Vietnamese	125
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	60
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	5
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	95
Haitian Creole	40
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	35
Creole, n.o.s.	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	50
Kannada	0
Malayalam	5
Tamil	10
Telugu	25
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	4,920
Albanian	10
Armenian	20
Balto-Slavic languages	710
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	710
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	10
Czech	5
Macedonian	0
Polish	40
Russian	115
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	525
Bosnian	140
Croatian	55
Serbian	325
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	30
Frisian	0
High German languages	25
German	25
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	30
Indo-Iranian languages	1,390
Indo-Aryan languages	205
Assamese	0
Bengali	15
Gujarati	0
Hindi	20
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	85
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	1,190
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	25
Parsi	0
Pashto	15
Persian languages	1,150
Dari	955
Iranian Persian	170
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,730
Catalan	5
Italian	20
Portuguese	260
Romanian	85
Spanish	2,350
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	25
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	405
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20
Lingala	15
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	80
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	175
Wojenaka	15
Wolof	40
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35
Nilo-Saharan languages	40
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	45
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	25
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	290
Chinese languages	290
Hakka	0
Mandarin	250
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	5
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	30
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	30
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	10
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	4,640
English and French	2,205
English and non-official language(s)	325
French and non-official language(s)	1,730
English, French and non-official language(s)	325
Multiple non-official languages	50
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	170,550
None	155,165
English	6,595
French	3,725
Non-official language	2,965
Indigenous³⁹	5
Non-Indigenous	2,960
English and French	540
English and non-official language(s)	865
French and non-official language(s)	375
English, French and non-official language(s)	65
Multiple non-official languages	240
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	167,180
Official languages	165,970
English	80,455
French	163,130
Non-official languages	21,945
Indigenous languages³⁹	40
Algonquian languages	30
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	10
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	15
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,915
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,615
Berber languages	335
Kabyle	305
Tamazight	35
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	60
Hausa	25
Mina	30
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	3,390
Amharic	0
Arabic	3,325
Aramaic languages	115
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	110
Harari	0
Hebrew	45
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	280
Khmer (Cambodian)	100
Vietnamese	180
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	295
Bikol	15
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	15
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	15
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	65
Merina	30
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30
Malay	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	185
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25
Creole languages	540
Haitian Creole	300
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	20
Sango	135
Creole, n.o.s.	60
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35
Dravidian languages	160
Kannada	10
Malayalam	20
Tamil	15
Telugu	80
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	50
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	14,610
Albanian	35
Armenian	20
Balto-Slavic languages	1,605
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	1,605
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	35
Czech	25
Macedonian	10
Polish	140
Russian	400
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,020
Bosnian	375
Croatian	275
Serbian	595
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	795
Frisian	0
High German languages	655
German	640
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110
Afrikaans	15
Dutch	90
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	40
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	25
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	120
Indo-Iranian languages	2,370
Indo-Aryan languages	685
Assamese	0
Bengali	55
Gujarati	45
Hindi	340
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	10
Nepali	90
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	250
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	1,915
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	20
Parsi	0
Pashto	80
Persian languages	1,850
Dari	1,515
Iranian Persian	305
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,185
Catalan	40
Italian	730
Portuguese	720
Romanian	175
Spanish	9,065
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	135
Korean	60
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	2,115
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	80
Edo	0
Éwé	85
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65
Ga	0
Ganda	10
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	190
Lingala	380
Luba-Kasai	30
Mòoré	55
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	290
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	795
Wojenaka	85
Wolof	235
Yoruba	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	400
Nilo-Saharan languages	120
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	120
African, n.o.s.	10
Sign languages	130
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	100
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	620
Chinese languages	620
Hakka	0
Mandarin	545
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	15
Yue (Cantonese)	95
Chinese, n.o.s.	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35
Lao	25
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	155
Azerbaijani	20
Kazakh	0
Turkish	135
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	60
Estonian	0
Finnish	10
Hungarian	50
Other languages, n.i.e.	10
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	167,180
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,820
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,660
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,790
Métis	780
Inuk (Inuit)	95
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	130
Non-Indigenous identity	164,360
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	167,180
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	575
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	166,605
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	80,475
Owner	39,870
Renter	40,610
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	80,475
Condominium	7,540
Not condominium	72,940
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	80,475
No bedrooms	725
1 bedroom	14,015
2 bedrooms	26,580
3 bedrooms	24,920
4 or more bedrooms	14,235
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	80,475
1 to 4 rooms	32,810
5 rooms	13,865
6 rooms	7,845
7 rooms	8,050
8 or more rooms	17,905
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	80,475
One person or fewer per room	79,865
More than one person per room	610
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	80,475
Suitable	78,690
Not suitable	1,790
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	80,475
1960 or before	14,540
1961 to 1980	22,930
1981 to 1990	11,440
1991 to 2000	10,035
2001 to 2005	4,595
2006 to 2010	5,680
2011 to 2015	5,365
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,885
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	80,475
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	76,595
Major repairs needed	3,880
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	80,475
One-maintainer household	46,400
Two-maintainer household	32,495
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,585
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	80,475
15 to 24 years	5,680
25 to 34 years	13,320
35 to 44 years	12,875
45 to 54 years	11,920
55 to 64 years	14,105
65 to 74 years	13,070
75 to 84 years	7,280
85 years and over	2,225
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	80,130
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	66,950
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,175
30% to less than 100%	12,230
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	80,475
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	17,935
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	12,405
Not suitable only	1,540
Major repairs needed only	3,090
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	115
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	660
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	135
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	62,540
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	79,185
In core need	3,350
Not in core need	75,830
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	39,835
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.2
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.1
% in core housing need⁶³	0.8
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,050
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,096
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	292,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	40,610
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.4
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.7
% in core housing need⁶³	7.7
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	695
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	760
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	167,180
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,070
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,015
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,755
Métis single ancestry	210
Inuit single ancestry	50
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,645
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,625
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,350
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	215
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	159,460
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	167,180
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	158,215
Canadian citizens aged under 18	30,905
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	127,310
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,970
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	167,180
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	148,785
Immigrants⁸¹	14,745
Before 1980	1,210
1980 to 1990	735
1991 to 2000	1,945
2001 to 2010	4,045
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,810
2011 to 2015	2,845
2016 to 2021	3,965
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,645
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	14,750
Under 5 years	1,705
5 to 14 years	2,690
15 to 24 years	2,250
25 to 44 years	6,995
45 years and over	1,105
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	14,750
Americas	3,510
Brazil	275
Colombia	1,135
El Salvador	115
Guyana	0
Haiti	265
Jamaica	20
Mexico	150
Peru	155
Trinidad and Tobago	0
United States of America	500
Other places of birth in Americas	880
Europe	3,880
Bosnia and Herzegovina	615
Croatia	85
France	1,825
Germany	95
Greece	40
Hungary	15
Italy	110
Netherlands	25
Poland	95
Portugal	35
Romania	145
Russian Federation	135
Serbia⁸⁶	90
Ukraine	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80
Other places of birth in Europe	470
Africa	4,250
Algeria	495
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	535
Egypt	105
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	10
Morocco	790
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	15
Other places of birth in Africa	2,310
Asia	3,090
Afghanistan	1,085
Iran⁸⁸	165
Iraq	245
Lebanon	150
Syria⁸⁹	280
Turkey	50
China⁹⁰	235
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Korea, South⁹²	30
Taiwan	10
Philippines	60
Viet Nam	75
Bangladesh	0
India	85
Pakistan	265
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	340
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,960
Americas	480
Brazil	60
Colombia	190
Haiti	25
Jamaica	0
Mexico	15
United States of America	40
Venezuela⁹⁵	30
Other places of birth in Americas	130
Europe	645
France	455
Germany	15
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	50
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10
Other places of birth in Europe	100
Africa	1,305
Algeria	100
Burundi	65
Cameroon	140
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	210
Côte d'Ivoire	85
Egypt	35
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	135
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	85
Other places of birth in Africa	455
Asia	1,530
Afghanistan	685
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	30
Iran⁸⁸	75
Iraq	115
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	15
Lebanon	45
Nepal	0
Pakistan	205
Philippines	10
Saudi Arabia	15
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	200
Turkey	10
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	15
Other places of birth in Asia	70
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	167,180
First generation¹⁰⁰	19,650
Second generation¹⁰¹	10,000
Third generation or more¹⁰²	137,530
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	13,535
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,445
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,545
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,905
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,385
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,625
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	85
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	13,535
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	470
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	945
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	245
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	785
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	11,025
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	167,180
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	16,125
South Asian	710
Chinese	830
Black	5,215
Filipino	200
Arab	2,900
Latin American	3,410
Southeast Asian	560
West Asian	1,630
Korean	75
Japanese	60
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	240
Multiple visible minorities	300
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	151,055
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	167,180
Canadian	57,945
English	3,460
Irish	8,400
Scottish	3,245
French, n.o.s.¹²²	43,525
German	2,305
Chinese	885
Italian	2,790
Indian (India)	530
Ukrainian	265
Dutch	335
Polish	550
Québécois	21,100
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	595
Filipino	225
French Canadian	12,980
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,615
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,615
Métis	500
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,105
Russian	335
Norwegian	165
Welsh	270
Portuguese	470
American	1,450
Spanish	1,530
Swedish	85
Hungarian	210
Acadian	1,105
Pakistani	80
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	930
Jewish	150
Punjabi	45
Vietnamese	340
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,215
Greek	305
Jamaican	80
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	110
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	160
Korean	70
Romanian	180
Lebanese	380
Iranian	255
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,580
Danish	50
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	900
Sikh	30
Austrian	130
Belgian	1,100
Haitian	690
Hindu	75
Mexican	475
Mennonite	20
Swiss	375
Finnish	50
Sri Lankan	0
Croatian	215
Japanese	55
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	390
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	55
Muslim	375
Egyptian	220
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	430
Tamil	15
Icelandic	45
Colombian	1,325
Moroccan	980
Czech	70
Syrian	415
Guyanese	0
Afghan	1,420
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	175
Serbian	445
Ojibway	25
Newfoundlander	15
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	80
Persian	55
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20
Turkish	115
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	115
Bangladeshi	40
Algerian	535
Brazilian	405
Nigerian	10
Armenian	95
Slovak	25
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60
Somali	10
Taiwanese	25
Iraqi	170
Salvadorean	200
African Caribbean	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	30
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45
Algonquin	620
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	30
South African	45
Australian	40
Palestinian	70
Chilean	160
Congolese	745
Nova Scotian	15
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60
Peruvian	310
Yoruba	15
Cambodian (Khmer)	105
Berber	385
Albanian	15
Maltese	10
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	20
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	190
New Brunswicker	50
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	55
Israeli	20
Mohawk	55
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25
Bulgarian	40
Albertan	15
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	0
African American	75
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	75
Tunisian	340
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25
Cuban	200
Bosnian	310
Venezuelan	200
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	275
Latvian	0
Bengali	20
Cameroonian	310
Guatemalan	105
Indonesian	15
Laotian	65
Ilocano	20
Northern Irish	30
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45
British Columbian	50
Ecuadorian	30
Franco Ontarian	45
Argentinian	130
Estonian	0
Kurdish	10
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	240
Coptic	0
Thai	25
Dominican	195
Nepali	75
Kabyle	155
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	15
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	625
Moldovan	50
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	285
New Zealander	15
Sudanese	0
Breton	285
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	20
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	105
Huron (Wendat)	280
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	95
Norman	390
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	295
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15
Burundian	410
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	120
Mauritian	15
Kenyan	15
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	10
Jordanian	20
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	10
Rwandan	160
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	25
Honduran	35
Cherokee	15
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	40
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	230
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	10
Pashtun	20
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	120
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	30
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	40
Bamileke	80
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	30
Yemeni	0
Central African	210
Libyan	0
Basque	85
Uruguayan	55
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	60
Igorot	0
Fulani	70
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	65
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	75
Beninese	90
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	25
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	125
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	85
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	167,185
Buddhist	345
Christian	104,005
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,845
Anabaptist	15
Anglican	585
Baptist	750
Catholic	90,145
Christian Orthodox	975
Jehovah's Witness	735
Latter Day Saints	55
Lutheran	60
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	45
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	485
Presbyterian	130
Reformed	0
United Church	410
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,770
Hindu	250
Jewish	125
Muslim	6,200
Sikh	70
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	740
No religion and secular perspectives	55,440
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	165,540
Non-movers	139,480
Movers	26,060
Non-migrants	18,090
Migrants	7,970
Internal migrants	7,115
Intraprovincial migrants	6,610
Interprovincial migrants	500
External migrants	860
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	158,930
Non-movers	85,580
Movers	73,350
Non-migrants	41,515
Migrants	31,840
Internal migrants	25,685
Intraprovincial migrants	24,470
Interprovincial migrants	1,215
External migrants	6,155
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	139,990
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25,555
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	114,435
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,085
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,555
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	74,530
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	139,990
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,595
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	88,910
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	54,020
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	23,115
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,975
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,135
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	26,180
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,720
Bachelor's degree or higher	34,895
Bachelor's degree	20,520
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,555
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,275
Master's degree	8,190
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,350
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,085
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,705
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,280
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	63,095
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,160
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,020
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,675
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,350
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,215
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,925
Bachelor's degree or higher	26,930
Bachelor's degree	15,475
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,875
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	945
Master's degree	6,740
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,890
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	139,985
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	51,080
Education	7,720
13. Education	7,720
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,510
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	325
50. Visual and performing arts	2,190
Humanities	6,155
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	650
23. English language and literature/letters	240
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,090
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40
38. Philosophy and religious studies	360
39. Theology and religious vocations	285
54. History	620
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	870
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	215
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	950
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,375
22. Legal professions and studies	1,540
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	350
42. Psychology	2,140
45. Social sciences	1,865
Business, management and public administration	17,910
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,565
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	16,330
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,565
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,825
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	485
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,070
40. Physical sciences	970
41. Science technologies/technicians	210
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,870
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,385
25. Library science	130
27. Mathematics and statistics	295
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	17,350
04. Architecture and related services	355
14. Engineering	3,450
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,890
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	3,835
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,285
48. Precision production	2,530
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,165
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,330
03. Natural resources and conservation	835
Health and related fields	13,565
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	795
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	12,230
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	520
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,515
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,465
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15
43. Security and protective services	995
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,040
Other¹⁷⁹	155
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	85,085
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,985
Education	5,150
13. Education	5,150
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,845
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245
50. Visual and performing arts	1,605
Humanities	3,395
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	465
23. English language and literature/letters	170
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,470
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	215
39. Theology and religious vocations	155
54. History	375
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	525
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,045
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	170
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	770
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,080
22. Legal professions and studies	1,075
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	270
42. Psychology	1,360
45. Social sciences	1,310
Business, management and public administration	13,115
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,195
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,905
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,685
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,410
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	235
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	160
40. Physical sciences	745
41. Science technologies/technicians	125
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,355
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,005
25. Library science	85
27. Mathematics and statistics	230
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,860
04. Architecture and related services	265
14. Engineering	2,935
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,850
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	2,680
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,290
48. Precision production	1,840
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,725
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,040
03. Natural resources and conservation	690
Health and related fields	9,635
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	620
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,620
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	380
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,170
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,580
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	730
49. Transportation and materials moving	850
Other¹⁷⁹	110
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	85,085
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	63,095
Location of study inside Canada	57,880
Same as province or territory of residence	56,915
Different than province or territory of residence	960
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,215
Americas	1,275
United States of America	240
Mexico	135
Cuba	80
Haiti	30
Jamaica	0
Brazil	125
Colombia	385
Peru	50
Venezuela⁹⁵	85
Other locations of study in Americas	145
Europe	2,145
Belgium	105
France	1,460
Germany	35
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	20
Hungary	10
Moldova¹⁸³	15
Poland	15
Romania	25
Russian Federation	55
Ukraine	25
Ireland⁹⁶	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70
Bosnia and Herzegovina	115
Italy	25
Serbia⁸⁶	25
Other locations of study in Europe	130
Africa	1,025
Nigeria	0
Algeria	195
Morocco	260
Tunisia	130
Egypt	15
South Africa, Republic of	20
Other locations of study in Africa	405
Asia	750
Iran⁸⁸	100
Iraq	30
Israel	10
Lebanon	30
Syria⁸⁹	40
Turkey	30
China⁹⁰	110
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	10
Korea, South⁹²	30
Philippines	125
Viet Nam	30
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	70
Pakistan	20
Other locations of study in Asia	100
Oceania	20
Australia	15
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	139,990
In the labour force	89,165
Employed	83,765
Unemployed	5,400
Not in the labour force	50,825
Participation rate	63.7
Employment rate	59.8
Unemployment rate	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	139,985
Did not work¹⁸⁶	49,460
Worked	90,535
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	44,750
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	45,780
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	89,165
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,645
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	87,525
Employee	78,445
Permanent position	64,140
Temporary position	14,310
Fixed term (1 year or more)	5,365
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	8,940
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,075
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	89,165
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,645
All occupations¹⁹¹	87,525
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,205
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,375
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,900
3 Health occupations	9,760
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	13,740
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,515
6 Sales and service occupations	21,765
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,215
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,095
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,965
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	89,165
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,645
All industries¹⁹¹	87,525
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	915
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	240
22 Utilities	295
23 Construction	5,110
31-33 Manufacturing	11,045
41 Wholesale trade	1,720
44-45 Retail trade	10,725
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,370
51 Information and cultural industries	1,420
52 Finance and insurance	2,290
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,045
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,690
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,060
61 Educational services	9,815
62 Health care and social assistance	16,415
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,275
72 Accommodation and food services	5,220
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,955
91 Public administration	3,890
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	95,775
English	2,850
French	71,680
Non-official language	90
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	90
English and French	20,300
English and non-official language(s)	70
French and non-official language(s)	320
English, French and non-official language(s)	480
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	95,775
Single responses	93,390
Official languages	93,205
English	5,615
French	87,590
Non-official languages	180
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	180
Afro-Asiatic languages	20
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	20
Amharic	0
Arabic	15
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	125
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	10
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	105
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	15
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20
Chinese languages	20
Hakka	0
Mandarin	10
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	2,390
English and French	2,285
English and non-official language(s)	10
French and non-official language(s)	70
English, French and non-official language(s)	30
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	95,775
None	76,950
English	15,420
French	2,720
Non-official language	265
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	265
English and French	15
English and non-official language(s)	330
French and non-official language(s)	70
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	83,765
Worked at home	14,015
Worked outside Canada	150
No fixed workplace address	7,705
Usual place of work	61,900
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	61,900
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	50,715
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	11,070
Commute to a different province or territory	120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	69,610
Car, truck or van	60,795
Car, truck or van - as a driver	57,345
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,450
Public transit	3,430
Walked	3,840
Bicycle	595
Other method	950
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	69,610
Less than 15 minutes	27,050
15 to 29 minutes	30,680
30 to 44 minutes	7,740
45 to 59 minutes	2,310
60 minutes and over	1,820
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	69,610
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,985
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,275
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	23,705
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	16,030
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,960
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,650
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	33,165
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,580
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	28,580
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	24,435
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,470
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,675
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	795
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,965

Symbol legend

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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