Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Beloeil, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove		BeloeilMore information: Quebec [Population centre] Remove
	Counts	Rates	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	24,104	...	52,959	...
Population, 2016¹	22,458	...	51,132^r	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.3	7.3	3.6	3.6
Total private dwellings²	10,338	...	22,212	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	10,140	...	21,811	...
Population density per square kilometre	988.8	988.8	1,998.5	1,998.5
Land area in square kilometres	24.38	...	26.50	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	24,105	100.0	52,960	100.0
0 to 14 years	4,575	19.0	9,835	18.6
0 to 4 years	1,340	5.6	2,735	5.2
5 to 9 years	1,680	7.0	3,490	6.6
10 to 14 years	1,555	6.5	3,605	6.8
15 to 64 years	14,455	60.0	32,365	61.1
15 to 19 years	1,215	5.0	2,930	5.5
20 to 24 years	990	4.1	2,265	4.3
25 to 29 years	1,305	5.4	2,565	4.8
30 to 34 years	1,450	6.0	2,920	5.5
35 to 39 years	1,700	7.1	3,460	6.5
40 to 44 years	1,835	7.6	4,035	7.6
45 to 49 years	1,470	6.1	3,510	6.6
50 to 54 years	1,310	5.4	3,255	6.1
55 to 59 years	1,640	6.8	3,795	7.2
60 to 64 years	1,540	6.4	3,635	6.9
65 years and over	5,070	21.0	10,760	20.3
65 to 69 years	1,450	6.0	3,225	6.1
70 to 74 years	1,380	5.7	2,935	5.5
75 to 79 years	1,100	4.6	2,125	4.0
80 to 84 years	675	2.8	1,275	2.4
85 years and over	470	1.9	1,200	2.3
85 to 89 years	305	1.3	850	1.6
90 to 94 years	140	0.6	280	0.5
95 to 99 years	25	0.1	65	0.1
100 years and over	0	0.0	5	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.0	19.0	18.6	18.6
15 to 64 years	60.0	60.0	61.1	61.1
65 years and over	21.0	21.0	20.3	20.3
85 years and over	1.9	1.9	2.3	2.3
Average age of the population	42.0	42.0	42.2	42.2
Median age of the population	42.0	42.0	43.2	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	10,140	100.0	21,810	100.0
Single-detached house	6,015	59.3	13,540	62.1
Semi-detached house	405	4.0	1,005	4.6
Row house	525	5.2	760	3.5
Apartment or flat in a duplex	255	2.5	830	3.8
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,910	28.7	5,610	25.7
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	0.0	5	0.0
Other single-attached house	20	0.2	55	0.3
Movable dwelling⁴	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	10,140	100.0	21,815	100.0
1 person	2,925	28.8	6,130	28.1
2 persons	3,735	36.8	7,960	36.5
3 persons	1,420	14.0	3,115	14.3
4 persons	1,445	14.3	3,210	14.7
5 or more persons	625	6.2	1,400	6.4
Number of persons in private households	23,745	100.0	51,715	100.0
Average household size	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	19,525	100.0	43,130	100.0
Married or living common-law	12,175	62.4	26,565	61.6
Married	6,230	31.9	13,335	30.9
Living common-law	5,945	30.4	13,230	30.7
Living common law - Never married	4,830	24.7	10,670	24.7
Living common law - Separated	65	0.3	130	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	915	4.7	2,185	5.1
Living common law - Widowed	140	0.7	245	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	7,355	37.7	16,565	38.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,895	25.1	11,000	25.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	195	1.0	445	1.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,265	6.5	2,925	6.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	995	5.1	2,190	5.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	7,075	100.0	15,410	100.0
2 persons	3,745	52.9	8,020	52.0
3 persons	1,385	19.6	3,050	19.8
4 persons	1,405	19.9	3,140	20.4
5 or more persons	530	7.5	1,195	7.8
Average size of census families	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	7,075	100.0	15,410	100.0
Total couple families	6,015	85.0	13,095	85.0
Married couples	3,045	43.0	6,475	42.0
With children⁶	1,165	16.5	2,660	17.3
Without children	1,885	26.6	3,815	24.8
Common-law couples	2,975	42.0	6,615	42.9
With children⁶	1,700	24.0	3,750	24.3
Without children	1,270	18.0	2,860	18.6
Total one-parent families	1,060	15.0	2,320	15.1
in which the parent is a woman+	725	10.2	1,605	10.4
in which the parent is a man+	335	4.7	715	4.6
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	23,745	100.0	51,715	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	20,070	84.5	44,060	85.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	12,030	50.7	26,185	50.6
Parents in one-parent families	1,060	4.5	2,320	4.5
Children⁶	6,980	29.4	15,560	30.1
In a two-parent family	5,350	22.5	12,025	23.3
In a one-parent family	1,630	6.9	3,540	6.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,670	15.5	7,650	14.8
Living alone	2,920	12.3	6,130	11.9
Living with other relatives⁷	345	1.5	700	1.4
Living with non-relatives only	410	1.7	820	1.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	10,140	100.0	21,810	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	6,685	65.9	14,575	66.8
Couple-family households	5,740	56.6	12,490	57.3
With children⁶	2,735	27.0	6,140	28.2
Without children	3,005	29.6	6,355	29.1
One-parent-family households	950	9.4	2,080	9.5
Multigenerational households⁸	120	1.2	270	1.2
Multiple-census-family households⁹	30	0.3	65	0.3
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	165	1.6	345	1.6
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	220	2.2	430	2.0
One-person households	2,920	28.8	6,125	28.1
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	19,170	100.0	41,885	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,805	98.1	41,050	98.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800	48,800	49,600	49,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,815	98.1	41,060	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	42,400	42,800	42,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,680	92.2	38,680	92.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	40,400	41,600	41,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,125	73.7	31,420	75.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	44,400	44,400	44,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,015	78.3	31,960	76.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	11,500	10,800	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,185	11.4	4,590	11.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,965	25.9	11,020	26.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,500	6,500	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	19,165	100.0	41,835	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,790	98.0	41,045	98.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,000	56,000	59,150	59,150
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,795	98.1	41,045	98.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,720	45,720	47,720	47,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,655	92.1	38,645	92.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,920	48,920	52,800	52,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,125	73.7	31,360	75.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,520	50,520	53,400	53,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,030	78.4	31,870	76.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,530	12,530	12,170	12,170
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,185	11.4	4,680	11.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,930	7,930	7,480	7,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,935	25.8	11,025	26.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,540	7,540	7,620	7,620
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	19,170	100.0	41,835	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,230	37.7	15,970	38.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	66,500	69,000	69,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,300	72,300	77,100	77,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,465	28.5	12,360	29.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	22,200	20,400	20,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,040	32,040	32,720	32,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.0	82.0	84.0	84.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.8	67.8	69.0	69.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.9	17.9	16.0	16.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.7	1.4	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.2	4.2	4.0	4.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	19,165	100.0	41,880	100.0
Without total income	360	1.9	830	2.0
With total income	18,810	98.1	41,050	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,010	5.4	2,470	6.0
$10,000 to $19,999	1,810	9.6	3,870	9.4
$20,000 to $29,999	2,480	13.2	5,220	12.7
$30,000 to $39,999	2,090	11.1	4,455	10.9
$40,000 to $49,999	2,280	12.1	4,650	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	2,120	11.3	4,485	10.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,665	8.9	3,560	8.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,365	7.3	2,885	7.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,115	5.9	2,470	6.0
$90,000 to $99,999	805	4.3	1,815	4.4
$100,000 and over	2,060	11.0	5,170	12.6
$100,000 to $149,999	1,570	8.3	3,680	9.0
$150,000 and over	490	2.6	1,490	3.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	19,165	100.0	41,880	100.0
Without after-tax income	355	1.9	825	2.0
With after-tax income	18,810	98.1	41,060	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,155	6.1	2,750	6.7
$10,000 to $19,999	1,900	10.1	4,110	10.0
$20,000 to $29,999	2,905	15.4	6,125	14.9
$30,000 to $39,999	2,795	14.9	5,860	14.3
$40,000 to $49,999	2,880	15.3	6,055	14.7
$50,000 to $59,999	2,380	12.7	4,965	12.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,755	9.3	3,835	9.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,180	6.3	2,635	6.4
$80,000 to $89,999	760	4.0	1,685	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	405	2.2	975	2.4
$100,000 and over	700	3.7	2,065	5.0
$100,000 to $124,999	415	2.2	1,130	2.8
$125,000 and over	280	1.5	935	2.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	19,165	100.0	41,880	100.0
Without employment income	5,040	26.3	10,460	25.0
With employment income	14,130	73.7	31,420	75.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,675	11.9	3,795	12.1
$5,000 to $9,999	965	6.8	2,245	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	1,495	10.6	3,360	10.7
$20,000 to $29,999	1,170	8.3	2,535	8.1
$30,000 to $39,999	1,195	8.5	2,535	8.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,325	9.4	2,765	8.8
$50,000 to $59,999	1,300	9.2	2,665	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,045	7.4	2,240	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	915	6.5	2,015	6.4
$80,000 to $89,999	850	6.0	1,945	6.2
$90,000 to $99,999	595	4.2	1,315	4.2
$100,000 and over	1,590	11.3	4,010	12.8
$100,000 to $124,999	885	6.3	2,000	6.4
$125,000 and over	705	5.0	2,010	6.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	19,170	100.0	41,885	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,505	96.5	40,265	96.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	47,200	48,400	48,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,515	96.6	40,295	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	40,800	41,600	41,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,405	90.8	38,040	90.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	41,600	43,200	43,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,120	73.7	31,360	74.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	44,400	45,200	45,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,525	70.6	28,515	68.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	8,800	8,100	8,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,065	10.8	4,340	10.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,600	4,600	4,720	4,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	19,165	100.0	41,835	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,460	96.3	40,210	96.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,450	54,450	57,200	57,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,480	96.4	40,250	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,240	44,240	45,480	45,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,305	90.3	38,005	90.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,320	50,320	53,350	53,350
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,100	73.6	31,325	74.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,300	51,300	53,400	53,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,520	70.5	28,585	68.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,940	9,940	9,540	9,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,105	11.0	4,510	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,940	6,940	6,930	6,930
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	19,170	100.0	41,835	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,185	37.5	15,910	38.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	63,200	65,500	65,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,600	68,600	73,000	73,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,145	26.8	11,660	27.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,800	30,800	28,000	28,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,240	39,240	38,000	38,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.6	86.6	88.2	88.2
Employment income (%)	72.0	72.0	72.8	72.8
Government transfers (%)	13.4	13.4	11.9	11.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	10,140	...	21,810	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	90,000	94,000	94,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	76,000	79,000	79,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,920	...	6,125	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	45,200	46,000	46,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	39,200	40,000	40,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	7,220	...	15,685	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	114,000	117,000	117,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	95,000	97,000	97,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	10,140	...	21,800	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,800	103,800	111,400	111,400
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,700	84,700	89,800	89,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,915	...	6,135	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,750	52,750	55,000	55,000
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,800	43,800	45,160	45,160
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	7,220	...	15,670	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,400	124,400	133,400	133,400
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,300	101,300	107,300	107,300
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	10,140	100.0	21,810	100.0
Under $5,000	30	0.3	85	0.4
$5,000 to $9,999	25	0.2	60	0.3
$10,000 to $14,999	65	0.6	140	0.6
$15,000 to $19,999	125	1.2	240	1.1
$20,000 to $24,999	385	3.8	805	3.7
$25,000 to $29,999	295	2.9	585	2.7
$30,000 to $34,999	240	2.4	485	2.2
$35,000 to $39,999	315	3.1	635	2.9
$40,000 to $44,999	380	3.7	725	3.3
$45,000 to $49,999	400	3.9	780	3.6
$50,000 to $59,999	760	7.5	1,545	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	690	6.8	1,395	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	675	6.7	1,385	6.4
$80,000 to $89,999	675	6.7	1,425	6.5
$90,000 to $99,999	600	5.9	1,325	6.1
$100,000 and over	4,485	44.2	10,200	46.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,300	12.8	2,855	13.1
$125,000 to $149,999	1,060	10.5	2,295	10.5
$150,000 to $199,999	1,295	12.8	2,845	13.0
$200,000 and over	825	8.1	2,205	10.1
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	10,140	100.0	21,810	100.0
Under $5,000	45	0.4	105	0.5
$5,000 to $9,999	30	0.3	65	0.3
$10,000 to $14,999	70	0.7	150	0.7
$15,000 to $19,999	130	1.3	260	1.2
$20,000 to $24,999	410	4.0	870	4.0
$25,000 to $29,999	380	3.7	725	3.3
$30,000 to $34,999	305	3.0	625	2.9
$35,000 to $39,999	445	4.4	885	4.1
$40,000 to $44,999	490	4.8	980	4.5
$45,000 to $49,999	470	4.6	945	4.3
$50,000 to $59,999	875	8.6	1,760	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	870	8.6	1,845	8.5
$70,000 to $79,999	875	8.6	1,820	8.3
$80,000 to $89,999	700	6.9	1,570	7.2
$90,000 to $99,999	685	6.8	1,510	6.9
$100,000 and over	3,370	33.2	7,700	35.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,450	14.3	3,105	14.2
$125,000 to $149,999	930	9.2	2,035	9.3
$150,000 and over	985	9.7	2,555	11.7
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	7,070	...	15,390	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	114,000	117,000	117,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	95,000	97,000	97,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,020	...	6,395	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	92,000	97,000	97,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	78,500	82,000	82,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,875	...	6,440	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,000	149,000	152,000	152,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	121,000	124,000	124,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,035	...	2,265	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	78,000	81,000	81,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	68,000	69,500	69,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,330	...	6,950	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400	44,400	45,200	45,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	38,400	39,200	39,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	7,075	...	15,395	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,400	124,400	133,600	133,600
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,200	101,200	107,300	107,300
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,035	...	6,475	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,200	104,200	111,200	111,200
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,700	85,700	90,200	90,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,895	...	6,425	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	159,200	159,200	171,800	171,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,700	127,700	135,800	135,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,025	...	2,230	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,600	86,600	88,900	88,900
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,800	72,800	74,700	74,700
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,370	...	6,950	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,040	51,040	53,750	53,750
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,520	42,520	44,200	44,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	23,745	100.0	51,710	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,385	22.7	11,725	22.7
0 to 5 years	1,695	7.1	3,460	6.7
18 to 64 years	13,545	57.0	30,360	58.7
65 years and over	4,815	20.3	9,630	18.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,415	...	2,980	...
0 to 17 years	240	...	480	...
0 to 5 years	60	...	105	...
18 to 64 years	625	...	1,380	...
65 years and over	550	...	1,120	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.0	6.0	5.8	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.4	4.4	4.1	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.4	3.1	3.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6
65 years and over (%)	11.4	11.4	11.6	11.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	23,745	100.0	51,715	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,385	22.7	11,720	22.7
0 to 5 years	1,690	7.1	3,455	6.7
18 to 64 years	13,545	57.0	30,360	58.7
65 years and over	4,810	20.3	9,630	18.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	400	...	880	...
0 to 17 years	45	...	110	...
0 to 5 years	5	...	15	...
18 to 64 years	300	...	650	...
65 years and over	55	...	120	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
0 to 17 years (%)	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
0 to 5 years (%)	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5
18 to 64 years (%)	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.1
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	23,745	100.0	51,715	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	10,330	43.5	21,155	40.9
In bottom decile	1,180	5.0	2,510	4.9
In second decile	1,730	7.3	3,355	6.5
In third decile	2,005	8.4	4,225	8.2
In fourth decile	2,580	10.9	5,215	10.1
In fifth decile	2,825	11.9	5,855	11.3
In top half of the distribution	13,415	56.5	30,555	59.1
In sixth decile	3,045	12.8	6,570	12.7
In seventh decile	3,175	13.4	6,590	12.7
In eighth decile	3,010	12.7	6,710	13.0
In ninth decile	2,570	10.8	6,040	11.7
In top decile	1,615	6.8	4,650	9.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	23,745	23,745	51,715	51,715
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.271	0.271	0.289	0.289
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.371	0.371	0.381	0.381
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.233	0.233	0.248	0.248
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	2.9	3.0	3.0
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	23,860	100.0	52,465	100.0
English only	75	0.3	290	0.6
French only	12,150	50.9	24,630	46.9
English and French	11,595	48.6	27,475	52.4
Neither English nor French	35	0.1	75	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	23,860	100.0	52,465	100.0
English	615	2.6	1,950	3.7
French	22,940	96.1	49,790	94.9
English and French	275	1.2	655	1.2
Neither English nor French	35	0.1	65	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	23,860	100.0	52,465	100.0
Single responses	23,385	98.0	51,400	98.0
Official languages	22,585	94.7	49,675	94.7
English	495	2.1	1,565	3.0
French	22,090	92.6	48,110	91.7
Non-official languages	795	3.3	1,725	3.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0	5	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	795	3.3	1,715	3.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	0.6	215	0.4
Berber languages	25	0.1	40	0.1
Kabyle	20	0.1	30	0.1
Tamazight	5	0.0	5	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	115	0.5	175	0.3
Amharic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arabic	115	0.5	175	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0.1	50	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	0.1	25	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0.0	25	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	0.0	10	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0.0	5	0.0
Merina	0	0.0	5	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0	5	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages	25	0.1	45	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	0.1	35	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0	5	0.0
Sango	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0	5	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	5	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	485	2.0	1,165	2.2
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	0.2	185	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	0.2	185	0.4
Belarusian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0.0	25	0.0
Czech	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	10	0.0	30	0.1
Russian	20	0.1	95	0.2
Rusyn	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0	15	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0	5	0.0
Croatian	5	0.0	5	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0	5	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0.0	15	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	0.1	110	0.2
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	20	0.1	75	0.1
German	15	0.1	65	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0.0	10	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0.0	30	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dutch	5	0.0	15	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	15	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0.0	10	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	5	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0	15	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0.0	30	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0.0	5	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0.0	25	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0.0	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0	25	0.0
Dari	0	0.0	10	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0	15	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	390	1.6	815	1.6
Catalan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italian	35	0.1	95	0.2
Portuguese	50	0.2	115	0.2
Romanian	40	0.2	75	0.1
Spanish	260	1.1	535	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0	10	0.0
Korean	5	0.0	5	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	0.2	55	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0.0	5	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Éwé	10	0.0	10	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0.0	10	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0.0	5	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0.0	10	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0	5	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0	5	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0	10	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0.0	10	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0.0	10	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	0.2	110	0.2
Chinese languages	50	0.2	110	0.2
Hakka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mandarin	40	0.2	85	0.2
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0.0	15	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Lao	0	0.0	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	5	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	0.1	25	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	15	0.1	25	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0.0	10	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	5	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0	5	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple responses	480	2.0	1,070	2.0
English and French	325	1.4	780	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	15	0.1	35	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	105	0.4	195	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	0.1	35	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0.0	15	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	23,860	100.0	52,465	100.0
English	320	1.3	1,060	2.0
French	21,505	90.1	46,540	88.7
Non-official language	200	0.8	390	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	200	0.8	390	0.7
English and French	1,145	4.8	2,970	5.7
English and non-official language(s)	30	0.1	105	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	430	1.8	840	1.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	215	0.9	535	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0.0	20	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	23,860	100.0	52,465	100.0
Single responses	23,450	98.3	51,425	98.0
Official languages	23,075	96.7	50,645	96.5
English	520	2.2	1,665	3.2
French	22,555	94.5	48,975	93.3
Non-official languages	375	1.6	780	1.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	375	1.6	780	1.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	0.2	75	0.1
Berber languages	10	0.0	15	0.0
Kabyle	5	0.0	10	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	0.2	60	0.1
Amharic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arabic	40	0.2	60	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0.0	30	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0.0	15	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0	15	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0.0	10	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0	5	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0	5	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	255	1.1	550	1.0
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	0.1	115	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	0.1	115	0.2
Belarusian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	20	0.0
Czech	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Russian	15	0.1	80	0.2
Rusyn	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0	5	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0	5	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0	5	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0.0	20	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0	15	0.0
German	0	0.0	15	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0	5	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0	5	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0.0	15	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0.0	15	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Dari	0	0.0	5	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0	10	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	215	0.9	390	0.7
Catalan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italian	5	0.0	15	0.0
Portuguese	25	0.1	60	0.1
Romanian	30	0.1	40	0.1
Spanish	150	0.6	280	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0.0	10	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0.0	5	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	0.1	80	0.2
Chinese languages	35	0.1	75	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mandarin	30	0.1	65	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0	5	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	5	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	0.1	20	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	15	0.1	20	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple responses	410	1.7	1,045	2.0
English and French	265	1.1	750	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	10	0.0	35	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	100	0.4	190	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	0.1	65	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	23,860	100.0	52,465	100.0
None	22,395	93.9	48,900	93.2
English	755	3.2	1,835	3.5
French	285	1.2	780	1.5
Non-official language	260	1.1	555	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	260	1.1	555	1.1
English and French	30	0.1	70	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	95	0.4	235	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	20	0.1	45	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0.0	20	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0.0	25	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	23,740	100.0	51,680	100.0
Official languages	23,730	100.0	51,640	99.9
English	11,670	49.2	27,455	53.1
French	23,645	99.6	51,375	99.4
Non-official languages	1,745	7.4	4,020	7.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,745	7.4	4,015	7.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	230	1.0	380	0.7
Berber languages	80	0.3	80	0.2
Kabyle	75	0.3	75	0.1
Tamazight	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	215	0.9	365	0.7
Amharic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arabic	215	0.9	360	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	0.3	130	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	0.3	75	0.1
Vietnamese	10	0.0	60	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0	25	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Merina	0	0.0	10	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages	75	0.3	170	0.3
Haitian Creole	55	0.2	145	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0.0	20	0.0
Sango	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,225	5.2	3,055	5.9
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	0.3	255	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages	60	0.3	255	0.5
Belarusian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	25	0.0
Czech	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	10	0.0	35	0.1
Russian	25	0.1	170	0.3
Rusyn	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0.0	30	0.1
Bosnian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	10	0.0	10	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0	20	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0.0	10	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	130	0.5	300	0.6
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	110	0.5	260	0.5
German	110	0.5	260	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0	10	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	0.1	35	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dutch	20	0.1	25	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	20	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	10	0.0	50	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	25	0.1	40	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	25	0.1	30	0.1
Assamese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hindi	15	0.1	25	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0.0	10	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Urdu	10	0.0	10	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Dari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,050	4.4	2,565	5.0
Catalan	0	0.0	10	0.0
Italian	90	0.4	240	0.5
Portuguese	65	0.3	185	0.4
Romanian	60	0.3	95	0.2
Spanish	870	3.7	2,170	4.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	10	0.0	30	0.1
Korean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	0.3	100	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0	15	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0	15	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	0.1	40	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	30	0.1	55	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	0.1	50	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	0.2	160	0.3
Chinese languages	55	0.2	160	0.3
Hakka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mandarin	55	0.2	140	0.3
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0	20	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	0.1	15	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	15	0.1	15	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0.0	15	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0.0	10	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,745	100.0	51,680	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	210	0.9	505	1.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	200	0.8	485	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	130	0.5	350	0.7
Métis	65	0.3	130	0.3
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	0.0	10	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	23,535	99.1	51,180	99.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,745	100.0	51,680	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	50	0.2	95	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	23,695	99.8	51,590	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	10,140	100.0	21,800	100.0
Owner	7,295	71.9	16,545	75.9
Renter	2,845	28.1	5,255	24.1
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	10,140	100.0	21,800	100.0
Condominium	1,410	13.9	3,150	14.4
Not condominium	8,735	86.1	18,650	85.6
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	10,140	100.0	21,800	100.0
No bedrooms	30	0.3	65	0.3
1 bedroom	895	8.8	1,635	7.5
2 bedrooms	2,700	26.6	5,810	26.7
3 bedrooms	3,680	36.3	8,060	37.0
4 or more bedrooms	2,835	28.0	6,225	28.6
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	10,140	100.0	21,800	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	2,625	25.9	4,915	22.5
5 rooms	1,315	13.0	2,915	13.4
6 rooms	990	9.8	2,170	10.0
7 rooms	1,290	12.7	2,860	13.1
8 or more rooms	3,915	38.6	8,940	41.0
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	6.7	6.9	6.9
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	10,140	100.0	21,800	100.0
One person or fewer per room	10,110	99.7	21,745	99.7
More than one person per room	30	0.3	55	0.3
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	10,140	100.0	21,800	100.0
Suitable	9,990	98.5	21,505	98.6
Not suitable	145	1.4	295	1.4
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	10,140	100.0	21,800	100.0
1960 or before	1,330	13.1	2,960	13.6
1961 to 1980	3,820	37.7	7,020	32.2
1981 to 1990	1,175	11.6	2,835	13.0
1991 to 2000	745	7.3	2,500	11.5
2001 to 2005	320	3.2	1,630	7.5
2006 to 2010	975	9.6	2,200	10.1
2011 to 2015	765	7.5	1,475	6.8
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,015	10.0	1,180	5.4
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	10,140	100.0	21,800	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	9,635	95.0	20,800	95.4
Major repairs needed	505	5.0	1,000	4.6
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	10,140	100.0	21,800	100.0
One-maintainer household	4,995	49.3	10,525	48.3
Two-maintainer household	4,935	48.7	10,865	49.8
Three-or-more-maintainer household	205	2.0	410	1.9
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	10,140	100.0	21,800	100.0
15 to 24 years	150	1.5	290	1.3
25 to 34 years	1,295	12.8	2,495	11.4
35 to 44 years	2,070	20.4	4,360	20.0
45 to 54 years	1,635	16.1	3,955	18.1
55 to 64 years	1,890	18.6	4,490	20.6
65 to 74 years	1,675	16.5	3,715	17.0
75 to 84 years	1,145	11.3	2,090	9.6
85 years and over	285	2.8	405	1.9
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	10,135	100.0	21,780	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	8,670	85.5	19,165	88.0
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,470	14.5	2,620	12.0
30% to less than 100%	1,395	13.8	2,475	11.4
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	10,140	100.0	21,800	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,035	20.1	3,710	17.0
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,390	13.7	2,435	11.2
Not suitable only	120	1.2	250	1.1
Major repairs needed only	435	4.3	820	3.8
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	0.1	25	0.1
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	60	0.6	160	0.7
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	0.1	20	0.1
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	0.0	0	0.0
Acceptable housing	8,105	79.9	18,090	83.0
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	10,065	100.0	21,640	100.0
In core need	540	5.4	970	4.5
Not in core need	9,520	94.6	20,675	95.5
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,295	...	16,540	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	69.0	69.0	68.2	68.2
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.7	7.7	8.5	8.5
% in core housing need⁶³	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.9
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330	1,330	1,330	1,330
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330	1,330	1,344	1,344
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	388,000	388,000	400,000	400,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	408,000	408,000	421,200	421,200
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,845	...	5,260	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.0	9.0	9.1	9.1
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.0	32.0	23.1	23.1
% in core housing need⁶³	14.9	14.9	12.6	12.6
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	900	890	890
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,073	1,073	958	958
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	23,745	100.0	51,685	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	220	0.9	495	1.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	220	0.9	495	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	200	0.8	465	0.9
Métis single ancestry	25	0.1	30	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0.0	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	780	3.3	1,580	3.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	780	3.3	1,575	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	715	3.0	1,450	2.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	0.3	115	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	10	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0.0	10	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	10	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	22,745	95.8	49,605	96.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	23,745	100.0	51,685	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	23,350	98.3	50,825	98.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,325	22.4	11,580	22.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	18,025	75.9	39,245	75.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	395	1.7	855	1.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	23,745	100.0	51,685	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	22,320	94.0	48,710	94.2
Immigrants⁸¹	1,320	5.6	2,770	5.4
Before 1980	235	1.0	575	1.1
1980 to 1990	135	0.6	305	0.6
1991 to 2000	125	0.5	300	0.6
2001 to 2010	400	1.7	790	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	430	1.8	800	1.5
2011 to 2015	315	1.3	505	1.0
2016 to 2021	115	0.5	295	0.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	100	0.4	205	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,320	100.0	2,770	100.0
Under 5 years	150	11.4	355	12.8
5 to 14 years	325	24.6	540	19.5
15 to 24 years	185	14.0	395	14.3
25 to 44 years	600	45.5	1,315	47.5
45 years and over	60	4.5	160	5.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,320	100.0	2,770	100.0
Americas	345	26.1	665	24.0
Brazil	0	0.0	0	0.0
Colombia	75	5.7	115	4.2
El Salvador	0	0.0	0	0.0
Guyana	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haiti	55	4.2	130	4.7
Jamaica	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mexico	0	0.0	45	1.6
Peru	30	2.3	55	2.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0.0	0	0.0
United States of America	55	4.2	95	3.4
Other places of birth in Americas	120	9.1	205	7.4
Europe	445	33.7	1,255	45.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0	20	0.7
Croatia	0	0.0	0	0.0
France	215	16.3	660	23.8
Germany	0	0.0	30	1.1
Greece	0	0.0	20	0.7
Hungary	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italy	20	1.5	40	1.4
Netherlands	0	0.0	0	0.0
Poland	10	0.8	10	0.4
Portugal	35	2.7	45	1.6
Romania	40	3.0	60	2.2
Russian Federation	0	0.0	40	1.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0.0	45	1.6
Other places of birth in Europe	95	7.2	275	9.9
Africa	400	30.3	560	20.2
Algeria	125	9.5	145	5.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0	0	0.0
Egypt	15	1.1	25	0.9
Eritrea	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morocco	35	2.7	75	2.7
Nigeria	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	225	17.0	305	11.0
Asia	135	10.2	290	10.5
Afghanistan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0	15	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0	20	0.7
Turkey	0	0.0	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	3.0	80	2.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0	10	0.4
Taiwan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Philippines	0	0.0	10	0.4
Viet Nam	10	0.8	50	1.8
Bangladesh	0	0.0	0	0.0
India	15	1.1	15	0.5
Pakistan	10	0.8	10	0.4
Sri Lanka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	45	3.4	80	2.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0.0	0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	110	100.0	295	100.0
Americas	35	31.8	55	18.6
Brazil	0	0.0	0	0.0
Colombia	25	22.7	25	8.5
Haiti	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mexico	0	0.0	10	3.4
United States of America	0	0.0	0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	9.1	10	3.4
Europe	20	18.2	150	50.8
France	15	13.6	70	23.7
Germany	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0	0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0.0	70	23.7
Africa	55	50.0	65	22.0
Algeria	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burundi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0	0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0.0	0	0.0
Egypt	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morocco	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	13.6	15	5.1
Asia	0	0.0	30	10.2
Afghanistan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0	0	0.0
India	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jordan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepal	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Philippines	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0.0	0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0.0	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	23,740	100.0	51,680	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,505	6.3	3,220	6.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,335	5.6	3,015	5.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	20,900	88.0	45,450	87.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,085	100.0	2,195	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	725	66.8	1,450	66.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	285	26.3	650	29.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	440	40.6	805	36.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	265	24.4	580	26.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	80	7.4	150	6.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0.9	10	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,085	100.0	2,195	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	60	5.5	80	3.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	80	7.4	220	10.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	30	2.8	105	4.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	55	5.1	125	5.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	1.4	20	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	845	77.9	1,650	75.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	23,745	100.0	51,680	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,070	4.5	2,045	4.0
South Asian	60	0.3	85	0.2
Chinese	70	0.3	220	0.4
Black	460	1.9	800	1.5
Filipino	0	0.0	10	0.0
Arab	115	0.5	185	0.4
Latin American	205	0.9	375	0.7
Southeast Asian	115	0.5	240	0.5
West Asian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0	25	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0	10	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	15	0.1	40	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	15	0.1	60	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	22,675	95.5	49,635	96.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	23,745	100.0	51,680	100.0
Canadian	8,625	36.3	18,030	34.9
English	400	1.7	1,110	2.1
Irish	1,295	5.5	3,215	6.2
Scottish	320	1.3	1,095	2.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,975	29.4	16,450	31.8
German	380	1.6	840	1.6
Chinese	100	0.4	265	0.5
Italian	590	2.5	1,395	2.7
Indian (India)	40	0.2	75	0.1
Ukrainian	25	0.1	110	0.2
Dutch	55	0.2	150	0.3
Polish	145	0.6	295	0.6
Québécois	3,140	13.2	6,330	12.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	20	0.1	155	0.3
Filipino	0	0.0	10	0.0
French Canadian	1,795	7.6	4,600	8.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	535	2.3	1,055	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	540	2.3	990	1.9
Métis	85	0.4	150	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	355	1.5	760	1.5
Russian	30	0.1	115	0.2
Norwegian	10	0.0	35	0.1
Welsh	0	0.0	25	0.0
Portuguese	85	0.4	285	0.6
American	120	0.5	340	0.7
Spanish	250	1.1	525	1.0
Swedish	0	0.0	30	0.1
Hungarian	55	0.2	100	0.2
Acadian	265	1.1	535	1.0
Pakistani	0	0.0	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	120	0.5	160	0.3
Jewish	0	0.0	50	0.1
Punjabi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	0.1	95	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	0.2	95	0.2
Greek	25	0.1	155	0.3
Jamaican	0	0.0	10	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	20	0.1	10	0.0
Korean	0	0.0	25	0.0
Romanian	105	0.4	155	0.3
Lebanese	35	0.1	110	0.2
Iranian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	155	0.7	270	0.5
Danish	0	0.0	10	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	55	0.2	180	0.3
Sikh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austrian	15	0.1	50	0.1
Belgian	275	1.2	615	1.2
Haitian	140	0.6	320	0.6
Hindu	10	0.0	10	0.0
Mexican	50	0.2	105	0.2
Mennonite	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss	130	0.5	230	0.4
Finnish	0	0.0	15	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	25	0.1	30	0.1
Japanese	0	0.0	25	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	0.3	170	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0.0	0	0.0
Muslim	0	0.0	0	0.0
Egyptian	65	0.3	95	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	0.1	60	0.1
Tamil	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Colombian	130	0.5	195	0.4
Moroccan	30	0.1	75	0.1
Czech	10	0.0	30	0.1
Syrian	0	0.0	40	0.1
Guyanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Afghan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0.0	0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0.0	15	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ontarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	20	0.1	35	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0.0	10	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algerian	60	0.3	70	0.1
Brazilian	0	0.0	25	0.0
Nigerian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	45	0.1
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0.0	0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0.0	0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0.0	0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0.0	15	0.0
Algonquin	60	0.3	150	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	20	0.0
South African	0	0.0	0	0.0
Australian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chilean	0	0.0	20	0.0
Congolese	0	0.0	10	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0.0	15	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0.0	0	0.0
Peruvian	60	0.3	85	0.2
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	80	0.3	130	0.3
Berber	80	0.3	90	0.2
Albanian	0	0.0	20	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovenian	25	0.1	30	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	0.1	65	0.1
New Brunswicker	25	0.1	40	0.1
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0.0	0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Israeli	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	30	0.1	50	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0.0	10	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	40	0.1
Albertan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0.0	25	0.0
African American	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tunisian	50	0.2	100	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0.0	30	0.1
Cuban	10	0.0	30	0.1
Bosnian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Venezuelan	20	0.1	35	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	0.1	80	0.2
Latvian	0	0.0	20	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cameroonian	60	0.3	80	0.2
Guatemalan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Laotian	0	0.0	35	0.1
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0.0	10	0.0
British Columbian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0.0	30	0.1
Franco Ontarian	0	0.0	15	0.0
Argentinian	15	0.1	35	0.1
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jatt	0	0.0	0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	0.1	60	0.1
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dominican	25	0.1	35	0.1
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kabyle	35	0.1	40	0.1
Assyrian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0.0	35	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0	0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0.0	0	0.0
Abenaki	65	0.3	145	0.3
Moldovan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	0.1	45	0.1
New Zealander	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Breton	65	0.3	170	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0.0	0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	0.1	75	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gaspesian	60	0.3	165	0.3
Norman	25	0.1	105	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0.0	15	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burundian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0.0	10	0.0
Kenyan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mayan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Honduran	10	0.0	10	0.0
Cherokee	0	0.0	10	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Flemish	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0.0	0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Goan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Azorean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Atikamekw	15	0.1	40	0.1
Bamileke	40	0.2	40	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0.0	0	0.0
Central African	0	0.0	0	0.0
Libyan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Basque	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0.0	25	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igorot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Guinean	0	0.0	0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0	0	0.0
Maliseet	20	0.1	35	0.1
Beninese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Roma	0	0.0	0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0.0	15	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0.0	55	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tajik	0	0.0	0	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0	0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	23,745	100.0	51,680	100.0
Buddhist	75	0.3	135	0.3
Christian	15,930	67.1	34,340	66.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,025	4.3	2,335	4.5
Anabaptist	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anglican	20	0.1	95	0.2
Baptist	70	0.3	145	0.3
Catholic	14,340	60.4	30,505	59.0
Christian Orthodox	75	0.3	305	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	55	0.2	120	0.2
Latter Day Saints	0	0.0	65	0.1
Lutheran	0	0.0	35	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	40	0.2	105	0.2
Presbyterian	0	0.0	15	0.0
Reformed	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Church	25	0.1	105	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	235	1.0	475	0.9
Hindu	0	0.0	10	0.0
Jewish	0	0.0	20	0.0
Muslim	225	0.9	345	0.7
Sikh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	25	0.1	130	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	7,475	31.5	16,705	32.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	23,485	100.0	51,145	100.0
Non-movers	21,135	90.0	46,370	90.7
Movers	2,345	10.0	4,775	9.3
Non-migrants	835	3.6	1,455	2.8
Migrants	1,515	6.5	3,315	6.5
Internal migrants	1,470	6.3	3,220	6.3
Intraprovincial migrants	1,455	6.2	3,190	6.2
Interprovincial migrants	10	0.0	30	0.1
External migrants	45	0.2	95	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	22,435	100.0	48,990	100.0
Non-movers	13,400	59.7	30,750	62.8
Movers	9,030	40.2	18,240	37.2
Non-migrants	2,355	10.5	4,140	8.5
Migrants	6,680	29.8	14,100	28.8
Internal migrants	6,495	29.0	13,670	27.9
Intraprovincial migrants	6,425	28.6	13,435	27.4
Interprovincial migrants	70	0.3	230	0.5
External migrants	185	0.8	430	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,165	100.0	41,835	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,130	16.3	5,965	14.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	16,040	83.7	35,870	85.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,145	100.0	27,025	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,265	10.4	2,360	8.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,885	89.6	24,665	91.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,165	100.0	41,835	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,650	13.8	5,125	12.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,175	21.8	8,690	20.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,340	64.4	28,020	67.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,030	41.9	17,120	40.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,260	17.0	6,430	15.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,235	11.7	4,555	10.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,030	5.4	1,875	4.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,795	19.8	8,565	20.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	975	5.1	2,120	5.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,310	22.5	10,895	26.0
Bachelor's degree	2,900	15.1	7,120	17.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	465	2.4	1,070	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	0.4	280	0.7
Master's degree	815	4.3	2,185	5.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	60	0.3	235	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,145	100.0	27,020	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	945	7.8	1,780	6.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,025	16.7	4,235	15.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,175	75.5	21,010	77.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,840	48.1	12,485	46.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,490	20.5	4,855	18.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,705	14.0	3,405	12.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	785	6.5	1,450	5.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,660	21.9	6,130	22.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	685	5.6	1,505	5.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,340	27.5	8,525	31.6
Bachelor's degree	2,270	18.7	5,590	20.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	360	3.0	805	3.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	60	0.5	220	0.8
Master's degree	625	5.1	1,745	6.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30	0.2	165	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	19,165	100.0	41,835	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,825	35.6	13,815	33.0
Education	1,040	5.4	2,320	5.5
13. Education	1,040	5.4	2,320	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	495	2.6	1,295	3.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	0.5	215	0.5
50. Visual and performing arts	385	2.0	1,075	2.6
Humanities	470	2.5	1,330	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	0.3	160	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0.0	35	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275	1.4	760	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0.0	10	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0.1	50	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0.1	50	0.1
54. History	50	0.3	100	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0.2	170	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,125	5.9	2,680	6.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0.1	20	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	200	1.0	470	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	240	1.3	560	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	240	1.3	485	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	0.1	105	0.3
42. Psychology	165	0.9	420	1.0
45. Social sciences	255	1.3	620	1.5
Business, management and public administration	3,310	17.3	7,220	17.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	185	1.0	365	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,125	16.3	6,860	16.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	305	1.6	845	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115	0.6	330	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	65	0.3	140	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0.2	115	0.3
40. Physical sciences	65	0.3	195	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0.1	70	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	360	1.9	1,020	2.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	295	1.5	825	2.0
25. Library science	25	0.1	60	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	0.2	115	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0.1	15	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,515	13.1	5,260	12.6
04. Architecture and related services	105	0.5	220	0.5
14. Engineering	385	2.0	1,035	2.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	525	2.7	1,050	2.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	725	3.8	1,390	3.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	475	2.5	935	2.2
48. Precision production	300	1.6	635	1.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	265	1.4	730	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	205	1.1	585	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	60	0.3	150	0.4
Health and related fields	1,505	7.9	3,405	8.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	105	0.5	255	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,385	7.2	3,055	7.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0.1	15	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	0.1	80	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	945	4.9	1,925	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	440	2.3	850	2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	290	1.5	655	1.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	210	1.1	410	1.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	12,145	100.0	27,025	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,970	24.5	6,015	22.3
Education	705	5.8	1,625	6.0
13. Education	705	5.8	1,625	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	400	3.3	1,030	3.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	0.7	180	0.7
50. Visual and performing arts	315	2.6	845	3.1
Humanities	280	2.3	815	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	0.4	135	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0.0	25	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	155	1.3	435	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0.0	0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0.0	20	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0.1	15	0.1
54. History	35	0.3	75	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0.2	100	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	885	7.3	2,105	7.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0.1	15	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	155	1.3	375	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	190	1.6	445	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	205	1.7	400	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0.1	80	0.3
42. Psychology	110	0.9	320	1.2
45. Social sciences	205	1.7	470	1.7
Business, management and public administration	2,430	20.0	5,405	20.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	165	1.4	285	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,260	18.6	5,130	19.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	210	1.7	540	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	95	0.8	265	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	0.3	70	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0.1	20	0.1
40. Physical sciences	50	0.4	145	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0.2	45	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	295	2.4	815	3.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	250	2.1	695	2.6
25. Library science	20	0.2	40	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	0.1	65	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0.0	10	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,950	16.1	4,115	15.2
04. Architecture and related services	90	0.7	175	0.6
14. Engineering	315	2.6	835	3.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	385	3.2	810	3.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	590	4.9	1,125	4.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	340	2.8	685	2.5
48. Precision production	230	1.9	495	1.8
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	195	1.6	585	2.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	145	1.2	455	1.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	50	0.4	125	0.5
Health and related fields	1,055	8.7	2,445	9.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	75	0.6	200	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	960	7.9	2,165	8.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0	20	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0	60	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	780	6.4	1,525	5.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	345	2.8	640	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	245	2.0	555	2.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	185	1.5	335	1.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	12,145	100.0	27,025	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,970	24.5	6,015	22.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	9,175	75.5	21,010	77.7
Location of study inside Canada	8,800	72.5	20,080	74.3
Same as province or territory of residence	8,700	71.6	19,775	73.2
Different than province or territory of residence	105	0.9	310	1.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	375	3.1	930	3.4
Americas	100	0.8	215	0.8
United States of America	30	0.2	70	0.3
Mexico	10	0.1	30	0.1
Cuba	0	0.0	10	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0	0	0.0
Brazil	0	0.0	20	0.1
Colombia	35	0.3	45	0.2
Peru	0	0.0	10	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0.1	25	0.1
Europe	145	1.2	510	1.9
Belgium	0	0.0	25	0.1
France	90	0.7	320	1.2
Germany	0	0.0	0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0.0	0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0.0	15	0.1
Hungary	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0.0	20	0.1
Poland	0	0.0	0	0.0
Romania	15	0.1	25	0.1
Russian Federation	0	0.0	15	0.1
Ukraine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0.1	25	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0.1	55	0.2
Africa	105	0.9	135	0.5
Nigeria	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algeria	60	0.5	70	0.3
Morocco	15	0.1	15	0.1
Tunisia	0	0.0	15	0.1
Egypt	0	0.0	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	0.2	25	0.1
Asia	20	0.2	60	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0	10	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0.1	40	0.1
Taiwan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0	0	0.0
Philippines	0	0.0	0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0	0	0.0
India	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0.0	15	0.1
Oceania	0	0.0	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0	0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	19,165	...	41,835	...
In the labour force	12,860	...	28,760	...
Employed	12,230	...	27,265	...
Unemployed	640	...	1,490	...
Not in the labour force	6,305	...	13,075	...
Participation rate	67.1	67.1	68.7	68.7
Employment rate	63.8	63.8	65.2	65.2
Unemployment rate	5.0	5.0	5.2	5.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	19,165	100.0	41,835	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,085	31.8	12,560	30.0
Worked	13,085	68.3	29,275	70.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,395	38.6	16,330	39.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,685	29.7	12,945	30.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.7	42.7	42.6	42.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	12,865	100.0	28,760	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	165	1.3	430	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	12,695	98.7	28,325	98.5
Employee	11,155	86.7	24,650	85.7
Permanent position	9,610	74.7	21,125	73.5
Temporary position	1,540	12.0	3,525	12.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	475	3.7	1,015	3.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,065	8.3	2,515	8.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,545	12.0	3,670	12.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	12,865	100.0	28,760	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	165	1.3	430	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	12,695	98.7	28,325	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	295	2.3	760	2.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,495	19.4	5,745	20.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,000	7.8	2,435	8.5
3 Health occupations	1,020	7.9	2,275	7.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,780	13.8	4,065	14.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	375	2.9	950	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	3,030	23.6	6,565	22.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,140	16.6	4,360	15.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	140	1.1	290	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	420	3.3	870	3.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	12,865	100.0	28,760	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	165	1.3	430	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	12,695	98.7	28,325	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	95	0.7	220	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30	0.2	75	0.3
22 Utilities	140	1.1	355	1.2
23 Construction	1,205	9.4	2,410	8.4
31-33 Manufacturing	1,270	9.9	2,695	9.4
41 Wholesale trade	490	3.8	950	3.3
44-45 Retail trade	1,650	12.8	3,615	12.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	455	3.5	1,040	3.6
51 Information and cultural industries	305	2.4	705	2.5
52 Finance and insurance	615	4.8	1,525	5.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	170	1.3	405	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	995	7.7	2,475	8.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0.1	45	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	390	3.0	750	2.6
61 Educational services	985	7.7	2,435	8.5
62 Health care and social assistance	1,750	13.6	3,680	12.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	210	1.6	520	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	570	4.4	1,240	4.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	560	4.4	1,290	4.5
91 Public administration	805	6.3	1,900	6.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	13,685	100.0	30,565	100.0
English	170	1.2	515	1.7
French	10,290	75.2	22,500	73.6
Non-official language	10	0.1	15	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0.1	15	0.0
English and French	3,105	22.7	7,345	24.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	10	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0.1	10	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	0.7	170	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	13,685	100.0	30,565	100.0
Single responses	13,315	97.3	29,695	97.2
Official languages	13,290	97.1	29,655	97.0
English	590	4.3	1,615	5.3
French	12,705	92.8	28,040	91.7
Non-official languages	25	0.2	35	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	0.2	35	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arabic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	0.1	20	0.1
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Russian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0.1	15	0.0
Catalan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Romanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Spanish	10	0.1	15	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0.0	10	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple responses	370	2.7	870	2.8
English and French	365	2.7	850	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	10	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0.1	10	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	13,685	100.0	30,565	100.0
None	10,830	79.1	23,860	78.1
English	2,355	17.2	5,470	17.9
French	410	3.0	1,080	3.5
Non-official language	15	0.1	40	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	0.1	40	0.1
English and French	10	0.1	10	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	0.4	75	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	0.1	35	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	12,230	100.0	27,265	100.0
Worked at home	2,655	21.7	6,445	23.6
Worked outside Canada	25	0.2	20	0.1
No fixed workplace address	1,490	12.2	3,025	11.1
Usual place of work	8,060	65.9	17,770	65.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,065	100.0	17,770	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,275	28.2	3,545	19.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,180	14.6	3,840	21.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,595	57.0	10,350	58.2
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0.1	30	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	9,550	100.0	20,800	100.0
Car, truck or van	8,580	89.8	18,800	90.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	8,180	85.7	17,880	86.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	405	4.2	925	4.4
Public transit	290	3.0	755	3.6
Walked	440	4.6	750	3.6
Bicycle	105	1.1	215	1.0
Other method	130	1.4	270	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	9,550	100.0	20,800	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	2,870	30.1	5,665	27.2
15 to 29 minutes	3,080	32.3	6,655	32.0
30 to 44 minutes	2,270	23.8	5,145	24.7
45 to 59 minutes	790	8.3	1,910	9.2
60 minutes and over	550	5.8	1,425	6.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	9,550	100.0	20,800	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	890	9.3	1,800	8.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,955	20.5	3,825	18.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,890	30.3	6,450	31.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,770	18.5	4,150	20.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	825	8.6	2,080	10.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,220	12.8	2,485	11.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,450	100.0	11,895	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	590	10.8	1,300	10.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,855	89.1	10,595	89.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,980	100.0	8,900	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	435	10.9	985	11.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	270	6.8	645	7.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	165	4.1	335	3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,545	89.1	7,915	88.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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