Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	26,273	...
Population, 2016¹	26,197^r	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.3	0.3
Total private dwellings²	10,629	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	10,446	...
Population density per square kilometre	613.2	613.2
Land area in square kilometres	42.85	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	26,270	100.0
0 to 14 years	4,640	17.7
0 to 4 years	1,205	4.6
5 to 9 years	1,645	6.3
10 to 14 years	1,790	6.8
15 to 64 years	15,570	59.3
15 to 19 years	1,630	6.2
20 to 24 years	1,220	4.6
25 to 29 years	860	3.3
30 to 34 years	1,060	4.0
35 to 39 years	1,450	5.5
40 to 44 years	1,855	7.1
45 to 49 years	1,905	7.3
50 to 54 years	1,795	6.8
55 to 59 years	1,970	7.5
60 to 64 years	1,830	7.0
65 years and over	6,060	23.1
65 to 69 years	1,640	6.2
70 to 74 years	1,580	6.0
75 to 79 years	1,405	5.3
80 to 84 years	790	3.0
85 years and over	645	2.5
85 to 89 years	420	1.6
90 to 94 years	180	0.7
95 to 99 years	45	0.2
100 years and over	5	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.7	17.7
15 to 64 years	59.3	59.3
65 years and over	23.1	23.1
85 years and over	2.5	2.5
Average age of the population	43.9	43.9
Median age of the population	46.0	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	10,450	100.0
Single-detached house	7,385	70.7
Semi-detached house	500	4.8
Row house	215	2.1
Apartment or flat in a duplex	85	0.8
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,090	20.0
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	150	1.4
Other single-attached house	20	0.2
Movable dwelling⁴	0	0.0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	10,445	100.0
1 person	2,450	23.5
2 persons	3,915	37.5
3 persons	1,580	15.1
4 persons	1,800	17.2
5 or more persons	705	6.7
Number of persons in private households	25,925	100.0
Average household size	2.5	2.5
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	21,630	100.0
Married or living common-law	14,125	65.3
Married	8,580	39.7
Living common-law	5,540	25.6
Living common law - Never married	4,360	20.2
Living common law - Separated	40	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,030	4.8
Living common law - Widowed	110	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	7,510	34.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,115	23.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	210	1.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,180	5.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,010	4.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	7,935	100.0
2 persons	3,995	50.3
3 persons	1,545	19.5
4 persons	1,775	22.4
5 or more persons	615	7.8
Average size of census families	2.9	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	7,935	100.0
Total couple families	6,970	87.8
Married couples	4,205	53.0
With children⁶	1,835	23.1
Without children	2,360	29.7
Common-law couples	2,770	34.9
With children⁶	1,665	21.0
Without children	1,110	14.0
Total one-parent families	965	12.2
in which the parent is a woman+	675	8.5
in which the parent is a man+	290	3.7
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	25,925	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	22,950	88.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	13,940	53.8
Parents in one-parent families	960	3.7
Children⁶	8,040	31.0
In a two-parent family	6,535	25.2
In a one-parent family	1,510	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,975	11.5
Living alone	2,450	9.5
Living with other relatives⁷	300	1.2
Living with non-relatives only	220	0.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	10,445	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	7,605	72.8
Couple-family households	6,710	64.2
With children⁶	3,395	32.5
Without children	3,320	31.8
One-parent-family households	895	8.6
Multigenerational households⁸	115	1.1
Multiple-census-family households⁹	30	0.3
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	110	1.1
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	130	1.2
One-person households	2,450	23.5
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	21,285	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,750	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,200	55,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,765	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	46,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,825	93.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	46,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,185	71.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200	51,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,370	72.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,490	7.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,535	21.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	21,285	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,745	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	74,600	74,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,745	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,400	56,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,870	93.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	68,700	68,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,185	71.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	69,500	69,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,350	72.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,840	11,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,485	7.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,620	9,620
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,490	21.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,910	7,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	21,285	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,910	37.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	85,000	85,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	107,100	107,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,695	26.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,400	32,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	88.2	88.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.2	68.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	11.8	11.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.7	2.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.3	2.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	21,290	100.0
Without total income	535	2.5
With total income	20,755	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,420	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	1,975	9.5
$20,000 to $29,999	2,355	11.3
$30,000 to $39,999	1,820	8.8
$40,000 to $49,999	1,880	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	1,750	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,590	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,335	6.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,295	6.2
$90,000 to $99,999	975	4.7
$100,000 and over	4,360	21.0
$100,000 to $149,999	2,545	12.3
$150,000 and over	1,810	8.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	21,290	100.0
Without after-tax income	520	2.4
With after-tax income	20,765	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,675	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	2,100	10.1
$20,000 to $29,999	2,695	13.0
$30,000 to $39,999	2,330	11.2
$40,000 to $49,999	2,390	11.5
$50,000 to $59,999	2,170	10.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,860	9.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,445	7.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,010	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	790	3.8
$100,000 and over	2,300	11.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,025	4.9
$125,000 and over	1,275	6.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	21,290	100.0
Without employment income	6,105	28.7
With employment income	15,185	71.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,200	14.5
$5,000 to $9,999	1,145	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	1,380	9.1
$20,000 to $29,999	970	6.4
$30,000 to $39,999	855	5.6
$40,000 to $49,999	920	6.1
$50,000 to $59,999	915	6.0
$60,000 to $69,999	875	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	860	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	975	6.4
$90,000 to $99,999	660	4.3
$100,000 and over	3,425	22.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,215	8.0
$125,000 and over	2,215	14.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	21,285	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,390	95.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,800	54,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,400	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	46,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,515	91.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800	48,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,150	71.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,000	52,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,855	65.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,400	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,420	6.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,160	5,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	21,285	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,365	95.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	73,900	73,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,380	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,500	55,500
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,505	91.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,300	70,300
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,135	71.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,400	70,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,810	64.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,660	9,660
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,540	7.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,560	8,560
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	21,285	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,860	36.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	81,000	81,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	101,200	101,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,335	25.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,720	39,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.2	91.2
Employment income (%)	70.8	70.8
Government transfers (%)	8.9	8.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	10,445	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	116,000	116,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	94,000	94,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,450	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,200	51,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	43,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	7,995	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	140,000	140,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	113,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	10,445	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	148,200	148,200
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	112,000	112,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,450	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	63,500	63,500
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,840	49,840
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	7,995	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	174,000	174,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	131,000	131,000
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	10,445	100.0
Under $5,000	45	0.4
$5,000 to $9,999	20	0.2
$10,000 to $14,999	60	0.6
$15,000 to $19,999	75	0.7
$20,000 to $24,999	255	2.4
$25,000 to $29,999	185	1.8
$30,000 to $34,999	175	1.7
$35,000 to $39,999	215	2.1
$40,000 to $44,999	295	2.8
$45,000 to $49,999	265	2.5
$50,000 to $59,999	545	5.2
$60,000 to $69,999	575	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	595	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	570	5.5
$90,000 to $99,999	555	5.3
$100,000 and over	6,020	57.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,205	11.5
$125,000 to $149,999	1,050	10.1
$150,000 to $199,999	1,535	14.7
$200,000 and over	2,230	21.3
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	10,445	100.0
Under $5,000	65	0.6
$5,000 to $9,999	30	0.3
$10,000 to $14,999	65	0.6
$15,000 to $19,999	75	0.7
$20,000 to $24,999	285	2.7
$25,000 to $29,999	235	2.2
$30,000 to $34,999	230	2.2
$35,000 to $39,999	330	3.2
$40,000 to $44,999	340	3.3
$45,000 to $49,999	340	3.3
$50,000 to $59,999	710	6.8
$60,000 to $69,999	755	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	755	7.2
$80,000 to $89,999	675	6.5
$90,000 to $99,999	705	6.7
$100,000 and over	4,845	46.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,370	13.1
$125,000 to $149,999	1,100	10.5
$150,000 and over	2,375	22.7
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	7,910	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	140,000	140,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	113,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,330	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	109,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	89,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,520	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	186,000	186,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,000	146,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	935	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	98,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	81,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,675	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,000	50,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,400	42,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	7,900	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	174,800	174,800
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,400	131,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,305	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	138,200	138,200
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,800	106,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,500	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	224,400	224,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,600	164,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	945	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	118,400	118,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,800	92,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,695	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	61,850	61,850
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,800	48,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	25,925	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,650	21.8
0 to 5 years	1,515	5.8
18 to 64 years	14,525	56.0
65 years and over	5,740	22.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,105	...
0 to 17 years	205	...
0 to 5 years	55	...
18 to 64 years	485	...
65 years and over	410	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.3	4.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.6	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	3.7	3.7
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.4
65 years and over (%)	7.2	7.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	25,925	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,655	21.8
0 to 5 years	1,515	5.8
18 to 64 years	14,530	56.0
65 years and over	5,745	22.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	585	...
0 to 17 years	120	...
0 to 5 years	45	...
18 to 64 years	330	...
65 years and over	135	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.3	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1	2.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.3	2.3
65 years and over (%)	2.4	2.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	25,925	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	7,490	28.9
In bottom decile	900	3.5
In second decile	1,145	4.4
In third decile	1,445	5.6
In fourth decile	1,810	7.0
In fifth decile	2,185	8.4
In top half of the distribution	18,435	71.1
In sixth decile	2,790	10.8
In seventh decile	3,115	12.0
In eighth decile	3,380	13.0
In ninth decile	4,040	15.6
In top decile	5,110	19.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	25,925	25,925
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.344	0.344
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.415	0.415
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.289	0.289
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	3.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	25,945	100.0
English only	540	2.1
French only	7,695	29.7
English and French	17,645	68.0
Neither English nor French	65	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	25,945	100.0
English	2,660	10.3
French	22,500	86.7
English and French	725	2.8
Neither English nor French	60	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	25,945	100.0
Single responses	25,055	96.6
Official languages	23,305	89.8
English	2,045	7.9
French	21,265	82.0
Non-official languages	1,745	6.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,745	6.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	250	1.0
Berber languages	15	0.1
Kabyle	10	0.0
Tamazight	5	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	235	0.9
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	235	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0.0
Vietnamese	30	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	0.1
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	40	0.2
Haitian Creole	20	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	15	0.1
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	5	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,180	4.5
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	5	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	220	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	220	0.8
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0.0
Czech	5	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	50	0.2
Russian	105	0.4
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	5	0.0
Serbian	5	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	10	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	115	0.4
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	80	0.3
German	70	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	25	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0.0
Danish	5	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	5	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	25	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	75	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	25	0.1
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	0.1
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	5	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	0.2
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	45	0.2
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	740	2.9
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	90	0.3
Portuguese	145	0.6
Romanian	100	0.4
Spanish	405	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	5	0.0
Korean	5	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	165	0.6
Chinese languages	165	0.6
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	140	0.5
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	10	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	885	3.4
English and French	615	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	35	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	180	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	15	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	25,945	100.0
English	1,775	6.8
French	19,940	76.9
Non-official language	435	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	435	1.7
English and French	2,445	9.4
English and non-official language(s)	180	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	655	2.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	495	1.9
Multiple non-official languages	20	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	25,945	100.0
Single responses	25,030	96.5
Official languages	24,225	93.4
English	2,515	9.7
French	21,705	83.7
Non-official languages	805	3.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	805	3.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	0.3
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	80	0.3
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	80	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	560	2.2
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	0.4
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	15	0.1
Russian	75	0.3
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0.1
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	10	0.0
German	10	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	0.1
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	35	0.1
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	375	1.4
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	5	0.0
Portuguese	95	0.4
Romanian	65	0.3
Spanish	210	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	5	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	0.4
Chinese languages	115	0.4
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	110	0.4
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	5	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	915	3.5
English and French	615	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	45	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	180	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	5	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	25,940	100.0
None	22,940	88.4
English	1,400	5.4
French	770	3.0
Non-official language	475	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	475	1.8
English and French	110	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	130	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	85	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	25,925	100.0
Official languages	25,890	99.9
English	18,235	70.3
French	25,295	97.6
Non-official languages	3,795	14.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,795	14.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	420	1.6
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	420	1.6
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	415	1.6
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0.0
Vietnamese	60	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	0.2
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	125	0.5
Haitian Creole	110	0.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,895	11.2
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	270	1.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	270	1.0
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	0.1
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	90	0.3
Russian	125	0.5
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	0.1
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	25	0.1
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	30	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	280	1.1
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	200	0.8
German	195	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0.1
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	0.3
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	65	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0.1
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	15	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	45	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	60	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	20	0.1
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	10	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	10	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	0.2
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	40	0.2
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,350	9.1
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	375	1.4
Portuguese	335	1.3
Romanian	130	0.5
Spanish	1,690	6.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	10	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	0.1
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	10	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	255	1.0
Chinese languages	255	1.0
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	210	0.8
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	10	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	0.1
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	20	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	25,925	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	290	1.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	290	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	170	0.7
Métis	120	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	25,640	98.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	25,925	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	35	0.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	25,895	99.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	10,445	100.0
Owner	8,990	86.1
Renter	1,455	13.9
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	10,445	100.0
Condominium	1,440	13.8
Not condominium	9,005	86.2
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	10,445	100.0
No bedrooms	20	0.2
1 bedroom	495	4.7
2 bedrooms	2,005	19.2
3 bedrooms	3,735	35.8
4 or more bedrooms	4,185	40.1
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	10,445	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	1,675	16.0
5 rooms	895	8.6
6 rooms	1,015	9.7
7 rooms	1,340	12.8
8 or more rooms	5,520	52.8
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.7	7.7
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	10,445	100.0
One person or fewer per room	10,425	99.8
More than one person per room	20	0.2
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	10,445	100.0
Suitable	10,330	98.9
Not suitable	115	1.1
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	10,445	100.0
1960 or before	1,235	11.8
1961 to 1980	5,045	48.3
1981 to 1990	1,380	13.2
1991 to 2000	945	9.0
2001 to 2005	450	4.3
2006 to 2010	625	6.0
2011 to 2015	465	4.5
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	300	2.9
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	10,445	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	9,845	94.3
Major repairs needed	600	5.7
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	10,445	100.0
One-maintainer household	4,765	45.6
Two-maintainer household	5,540	53.0
Three-or-more-maintainer household	140	1.3
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	10,445	100.0
15 to 24 years	60	0.6
25 to 34 years	750	7.2
35 to 44 years	1,795	17.2
45 to 54 years	2,100	20.1
55 to 64 years	2,150	20.6
65 to 74 years	1,875	18.0
75 to 84 years	1,405	13.5
85 years and over	315	3.0
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	10,435	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	9,340	89.5
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,095	10.5
30% to less than 100%	1,005	9.6
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	10,445	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,745	16.7
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,040	10.0
Not suitable only	105	1.0
Major repairs needed only	535	5.1
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	0.0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	50	0.5
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	0.1
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	0.0
Acceptable housing	8,695	83.2
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	10,345	100.0
In core need	340	3.3
Not in core need	10,000	96.7
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,990	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.3	57.3
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.0	8.0
% in core housing need⁶³	1.8	1.8
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,260	1,260
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,412	1,412
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	500,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	579,000	579,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,455	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.9	7.9
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.1	26.1
% in core housing need⁶³	12.6	12.6
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930	930
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,027	1,027
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	25,925	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	225	0.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	220	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	175	0.7
Métis single ancestry	45	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	515	2.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	510	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	435	1.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	25,180	97.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	25,925	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	25,105	96.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,520	21.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	19,590	75.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	820	3.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	25,925	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	22,985	88.7
Immigrants⁸¹	2,685	10.4
Before 1980	675	2.6
1980 to 1990	265	1.0
1991 to 2000	335	1.3
2001 to 2010	625	2.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	780	3.0
2011 to 2015	395	1.5
2016 to 2021	385	1.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	255	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,685	100.0
Under 5 years	270	10.1
5 to 14 years	445	16.6
15 to 24 years	450	16.8
25 to 44 years	1,345	50.1
45 years and over	170	6.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,685	100.0
Americas	610	22.7
Brazil	100	3.7
Colombia	80	3.0
El Salvador	0	0.0
Guyana	0	0.0
Haiti	60	2.2
Jamaica	15	0.6
Mexico	75	2.8
Peru	60	2.2
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0.0
United States of America	90	3.4
Other places of birth in Americas	125	4.7
Europe	1,355	50.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Croatia	15	0.6
France	660	24.6
Germany	40	1.5
Greece	0	0.0
Hungary	10	0.4
Italy	55	2.0
Netherlands	15	0.6
Poland	50	1.9
Portugal	60	2.2
Romania	60	2.2
Russian Federation	20	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Ukraine	25	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	4.8
Other places of birth in Europe	215	8.0
Africa	320	11.9
Algeria	105	3.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Egypt	70	2.6
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	35	1.3
Nigeria	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0.4
Other places of birth in Africa	100	3.7
Asia	390	14.5
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	0.7
Iraq	0	0.0
Lebanon	65	2.4
Syria⁸⁹	30	1.1
Turkey	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	140	5.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	10	0.4
Taiwan	0	0.0
Philippines	10	0.4
Viet Nam	20	0.7
Bangladesh	0	0.0
India	10	0.4
Pakistan	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	1.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	390	100.0
Americas	170	43.6
Brazil	75	19.2
Colombia	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	30	7.7
United States of America	35	9.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	6.4
Europe	125	32.1
France	105	26.9
Germany	0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0.0
Africa	30	7.7
Algeria	0	0.0
Burundi	0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0.0
Egypt	0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	2.6
Asia	60	15.4
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	9.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
India	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Jordan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0
Nepal	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0
Philippines	0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	25,925	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,210	12.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,760	10.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	19,955	77.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,010	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,405	69.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	620	30.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	785	39.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	480	23.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	105	5.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,010	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	90	4.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	320	15.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	4.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	150	7.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,335	66.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	25,925	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,915	7.4
South Asian	85	0.3
Chinese	320	1.2
Black	450	1.7
Filipino	35	0.1
Arab	275	1.1
Latin American	430	1.7
Southeast Asian	115	0.4
West Asian	75	0.3
Korean	35	0.1
Japanese	0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	50	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	24,010	92.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	25,925	100.0
Canadian	6,935	26.8
English	1,040	4.0
Irish	1,760	6.8
Scottish	925	3.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,345	36.0
German	545	2.1
Chinese	320	1.2
Italian	965	3.7
Indian (India)	70	0.3
Ukrainian	135	0.5
Dutch	135	0.5
Polish	320	1.2
Québécois	2,825	10.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	255	1.0
Filipino	40	0.2
French Canadian	2,205	8.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	375	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	280	1.1
Métis	125	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	450	1.7
Russian	100	0.4
Norwegian	50	0.2
Welsh	65	0.3
Portuguese	255	1.0
American	250	1.0
Spanish	290	1.1
Swedish	15	0.1
Hungarian	80	0.3
Acadian	250	1.0
Pakistani	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	75	0.3
Jewish	45	0.2
Punjabi	0	0.0
Vietnamese	175	0.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	120	0.5
Greek	145	0.6
Jamaican	55	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40	0.2
Korean	40	0.2
Romanian	130	0.5
Lebanese	170	0.7
Iranian	50	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	175	0.7
Danish	10	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	75	0.3
Sikh	0	0.0
Austrian	120	0.5
Belgian	430	1.7
Haitian	215	0.8
Hindu	10	0.0
Mexican	105	0.4
Mennonite	0	0.0
Swiss	175	0.7
Finnish	0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0.0
Croatian	30	0.1
Japanese	0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	20	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	35	0.1
Muslim	0	0.0
Egyptian	135	0.5
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	0.1
Tamil	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Colombian	155	0.6
Moroccan	60	0.2
Czech	50	0.2
Syrian	45	0.2
Guyanese	0	0.0
Afghan	0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0.0
Newfoundlander	25	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0.0
Ontarian	10	0.0
Persian	25	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0.0
Turkish	10	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0.0
Algerian	95	0.4
Brazilian	110	0.4
Nigerian	0	0.0
Armenian	35	0.1
Slovak	50	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Taiwanese	25	0.1
Iraqi	0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45	0.2
Algonquin	35	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	0.1
South African	0	0.0
Australian	25	0.1
Palestinian	0	0.0
Chilean	10	0.0
Congolese	0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0.0
Peruvian	110	0.4
Yoruba	0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	35	0.1
Berber	25	0.1
Albanian	10	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	10	0.0
New Brunswicker	40	0.2
Gujarati	0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0.0
African Canadian	25	0.1
Israeli	0	0.0
Mohawk	30	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	0.1
Albertan	0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0.0
African American	10	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0.0
Tunisian	65	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0.0
Cuban	20	0.1
Bosnian	0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	55	0.2
Latvian	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Cameroonian	10	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Laotian	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	45	0.2
Argentinian	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Jatt	0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0.0
Coptic	20	0.1
Thai	0	0.0
Dominican	20	0.1
Nepali	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0.0
Moldovan	45	0.2
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	0.1
New Zealander	0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0.0
Breton	20	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	30	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0.0
Gaspesian	35	0.1
Norman	55	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0.0
Ivorian	30	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0.0
Burundian	0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0.0
Malayali	0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0.0
Mayan	0	0.0
Honduran	0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0.0
Flemish	15	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0.0
Senegalese	10	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Goan	0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Azorean	0	0.0
Atikamekw	15	0.1
Bamileke	0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0.0
Central African	0	0.0
Libyan	0	0.0
Basque	10	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0.0
Igorot	0	0.0
Fulani	0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0
Guinean	0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0.0
Beninese	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Roma	0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Malagasy	25	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0.0
Karen	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Tajik	0	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	25,925	100.0
Buddhist	45	0.2
Christian	17,205	66.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,245	4.8
Anabaptist	0	0.0
Anglican	150	0.6
Baptist	50	0.2
Catholic	14,970	57.7
Christian Orthodox	280	1.1
Jehovah's Witness	35	0.1
Latter Day Saints	0	0.0
Lutheran	15	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0.0
Presbyterian	0	0.0
Reformed	0	0.0
United Church	125	0.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	320	1.2
Hindu	0	0.0
Jewish	15	0.1
Muslim	250	1.0
Sikh	0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	50	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	8,350	32.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	25,720	100.0
Non-movers	23,770	92.4
Movers	1,950	7.6
Non-migrants	695	2.7
Migrants	1,255	4.9
Internal migrants	1,170	4.5
Intraprovincial migrants	1,160	4.5
Interprovincial migrants	0	0.0
External migrants	85	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	24,700	100.0
Non-movers	17,405	70.5
Movers	7,300	29.6
Non-migrants	1,660	6.7
Migrants	5,640	22.8
Internal migrants	5,070	20.5
Intraprovincial migrants	4,940	20.0
Interprovincial migrants	125	0.5
External migrants	570	2.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	21,285	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,995	9.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,295	90.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,670	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	460	3.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,210	96.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	21,285	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,795	8.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,600	16.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,895	74.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,895	32.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,780	8.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,280	6.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	495	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,950	18.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,165	5.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,005	42.3
Bachelor's degree	5,585	26.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	755	3.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	230	1.1
Master's degree	2,125	10.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	315	1.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,670	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	375	3.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,295	10.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,000	86.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,035	31.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,105	8.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	790	6.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	315	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,270	17.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	660	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,965	55.0
Bachelor's degree	4,295	33.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	555	4.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	180	1.4
Master's degree	1,710	13.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	225	1.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	21,290	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,395	25.3
Education	1,165	5.5
13. Education	1,165	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	635	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	550	2.6
Humanities	980	4.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	170	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	40	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	525	2.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	0.2
54. History	60	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,900	8.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	375	1.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	150	0.7
22. Legal professions and studies	500	2.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	0.2
42. Psychology	235	1.1
45. Social sciences	560	2.6
Business, management and public administration	4,550	21.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	170	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,385	20.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	770	3.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	190	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	125	0.6
40. Physical sciences	270	1.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	700	3.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	545	2.6
25. Library science	55	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,685	12.6
04. Architecture and related services	165	0.8
14. Engineering	1,170	5.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	570	2.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	350	1.6
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	255	1.2
48. Precision production	175	0.8
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	190	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	110	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	85	0.4
Health and related fields	1,700	8.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	165	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,470	6.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	615	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	270	1.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	0.1
43. Security and protective services	190	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	145	0.7
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	12,670	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,670	13.2
Education	635	5.0
13. Education	635	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	460	3.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	0.6
50. Visual and performing arts	390	3.1
Humanities	575	4.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	265	2.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	0.2
54. History	50	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,390	11.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	290	2.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	105	0.8
22. Legal professions and studies	390	3.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	0.2
42. Psychology	170	1.3
45. Social sciences	400	3.2
Business, management and public administration	3,355	26.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	135	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,220	25.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	405	3.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	155	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0.1
40. Physical sciences	150	1.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	565	4.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	475	3.7
25. Library science	35	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,890	14.9
04. Architecture and related services	125	1.0
14. Engineering	895	7.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	365	2.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	240	1.9
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	175	1.4
48. Precision production	95	0.7
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	150	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	100	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	50	0.4
Health and related fields	1,165	9.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	120	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	985	7.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	405	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	165	1.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	140	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	105	0.8
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	12,670	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,670	13.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	11,000	86.8
Location of study inside Canada	9,900	78.1
Same as province or territory of residence	9,595	75.7
Different than province or territory of residence	300	2.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,100	8.7
Americas	305	2.4
United States of America	105	0.8
Mexico	35	0.3
Cuba	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Brazil	65	0.5
Colombia	20	0.2
Peru	25	0.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0.2
Other locations of study in Americas	25	0.2
Europe	600	4.7
Belgium	30	0.2
France	390	3.1
Germany	15	0.1
Netherlands	10	0.1
Switzerland	10	0.1
Hungary	0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0.1
Poland	0	0.0
Romania	35	0.3
Russian Federation	0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	0.3
Africa	75	0.6
Nigeria	0	0.0
Algeria	30	0.2
Morocco	15	0.1
Tunisia	20	0.2
Egypt	15	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0.0
Asia	115	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	10	0.1
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	70	0.6
Taiwan	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Philippines	10	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
India	10	0.1
Pakistan	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0.1
Oceania	10	0.1
Australia	10	0.1
New Zealand	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	21,285	...
In the labour force	13,540	...
Employed	12,880	...
Unemployed	655	...
Not in the labour force	7,750	...
Participation rate	63.6	63.6
Employment rate	60.5	60.5
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	21,290	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	7,120	33.4
Worked	14,170	66.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,100	38.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	6,065	28.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	13,535	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	130	1.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	13,405	99.0
Employee	11,355	83.9
Permanent position	9,595	70.9
Temporary position	1,760	13.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	565	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,190	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,050	15.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	13,535	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	130	1.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	13,405	99.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	680	5.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,985	22.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,710	12.6
3 Health occupations	1,090	8.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,935	14.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	590	4.4
6 Sales and service occupations	2,805	20.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,200	8.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	140	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	270	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	13,535	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	130	1.0
All industries¹⁹¹	13,405	99.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	115	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45	0.3
22 Utilities	195	1.4
23 Construction	680	5.0
31-33 Manufacturing	1,185	8.8
41 Wholesale trade	465	3.4
44-45 Retail trade	1,485	11.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	435	3.2
51 Information and cultural industries	455	3.4
52 Finance and insurance	1,005	7.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	295	2.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,730	12.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	355	2.6
61 Educational services	1,310	9.7
62 Health care and social assistance	1,545	11.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	295	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	530	3.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	355	2.6
91 Public administration	865	6.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	14,725	100.0
English	725	4.9
French	8,435	57.3
Non-official language	0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0.0
English and French	5,440	36.9
English and non-official language(s)	10	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	100	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	14,725	100.0
Single responses	13,865	94.2
Official languages	13,850	94.1
English	1,945	13.2
French	11,915	80.9
Non-official languages	15	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	0.1
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0
Russian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0.1
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0.1
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	860	5.8
English and French	845	5.7
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	14,725	100.0
None	10,000	67.9
English	3,435	23.3
French	1,180	8.0
Non-official language	20	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	20	0.1
English and French	0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	35	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	12,880	100.0
Worked at home	4,535	35.2
Worked outside Canada	30	0.2
No fixed workplace address	910	7.1
Usual place of work	7,405	57.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,410	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,165	29.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,945	26.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,290	44.4
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	8,320	100.0
Car, truck or van	7,085	85.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,695	80.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	395	4.7
Public transit	530	6.4
Walked	385	4.6
Bicycle	185	2.2
Other method	135	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	8,320	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	2,340	28.1
15 to 29 minutes	3,140	37.7
30 to 44 minutes	1,790	21.5
45 to 59 minutes	580	7.0
60 minutes and over	465	5.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	8,320	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	500	6.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,100	13.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,445	29.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,225	26.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,065	12.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	985	11.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,745	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,060	18.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,685	81.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,445	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	840	18.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	690	15.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	150	3.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,605	81.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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