Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Longueuil, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove		QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts	Rates	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	254,483	...	8,501,833	...
Population, 2016¹	239,897^r	...	8,164,361	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.1	6.1	4.1	4.1
Total private dwellings²	117,006	...	4,050,164	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	113,086	...	3,749,035	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,198.2	2,198.2	6.5	6.5
Land area in square kilometres	115.77	...	1,298,599.75	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	254,480	100.0	8,501,835	100.0
0 to 14 years	42,645	16.8	1,391,360	16.4
0 to 4 years	13,740	5.4	422,980	5.0
5 to 9 years	14,755	5.8	478,955	5.6
10 to 14 years	14,150	5.6	489,425	5.8
15 to 64 years	163,570	64.3	5,356,945	63.0
15 to 19 years	12,475	4.9	429,400	5.1
20 to 24 years	13,995	5.5	460,660	5.4
25 to 29 years	16,690	6.6	527,150	6.2
30 to 34 years	17,350	6.8	536,040	6.3
35 to 39 years	18,170	7.1	550,425	6.5
40 to 44 years	18,450	7.3	572,565	6.7
45 to 49 years	16,165	6.4	516,465	6.1
50 to 54 years	15,145	6.0	522,935	6.2
55 to 59 years	17,610	6.9	615,690	7.2
60 to 64 years	17,525	6.9	625,610	7.4
65 years and over	48,270	19.0	1,753,530	20.6
65 to 69 years	15,250	6.0	541,970	6.4
70 to 74 years	12,780	5.0	455,900	5.4
75 to 79 years	9,440	3.7	330,840	3.9
80 to 84 years	5,820	2.3	210,405	2.5
85 years and over	4,980	2.0	214,415	2.5
85 to 89 years	3,235	1.3	131,755	1.5
90 to 94 years	1,355	0.5	65,020	0.8
95 to 99 years	340	0.1	15,665	0.2
100 years and over	55	0.0	1,975	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	16.8	16.4	16.4
15 to 64 years	64.3	64.3	63.0	63.0
65 years and over	19.0	19.0	20.6	20.6
85 years and over	2.0	2.0	2.5	2.5
Average age of the population	41.7	41.7	42.8	42.8
Median age of the population	41.6	41.6	43.2	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	113,085	100.0	3,749,035	100.0
Single-detached house	36,095	31.9	1,671,920	44.6
Semi-detached house	5,790	5.1	199,080	5.3
Row house	3,490	3.1	98,625	2.6
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,210	5.5	271,245	7.2
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	55,555	49.1	1,242,910	33.2
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,840	4.3	225,745	6.0
Other single-attached house	555	0.5	15,745	0.4
Movable dwelling⁴	555	0.5	23,760	0.6
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	113,085	100.0	3,749,035	100.0
1 person	40,730	36.0	1,317,505	35.1
2 persons	37,340	33.0	1,295,730	34.6
3 persons	15,250	13.5	480,135	12.8
4 persons	12,750	11.3	427,605	11.4
5 or more persons	7,020	6.2	228,060	6.1
Number of persons in private households	250,425	100.0	8,308,480	100.0
Average household size	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	211,840	100.0	7,110,470	100.0
Married or living common-law	112,640	53.2	3,967,915	55.8
Married	68,655	32.4	2,310,860	32.5
Living common-law	43,985	20.8	1,657,050	23.3
Living common law - Never married	36,060	17.0	1,345,765	18.9
Living common law - Separated	510	0.2	17,505	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	6,710	3.2	261,885	3.7
Living common law - Widowed	705	0.3	31,900	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	99,195	46.8	3,142,560	44.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	68,015	32.1	2,161,975	30.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,735	1.8	106,275	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	16,775	7.9	494,210	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10,670	5.0	380,100	5.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	68,760	100.0	2,323,410	100.0
2 persons	36,470	53.0	1,267,980	54.6
3 persons	14,440	21.0	454,980	19.6
4 persons	12,200	17.7	412,850	17.8
5 or more persons	5,655	8.2	187,600	8.1
Average size of census families	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	68,765	100.0	2,323,410	100.0
Total couple families	55,090	80.1	1,939,635	83.5
Married couples	33,110	48.1	1,111,625	47.8
With children⁶	17,055	24.8	502,020	21.6
Without children	16,055	23.3	609,605	26.2
Common-law couples	21,980	32.0	828,005	35.6
With children⁶	10,095	14.7	401,885	17.3
Without children	11,885	17.3	426,120	18.3
Total one-parent families	13,670	19.9	383,775	16.5
in which the parent is a woman+	10,460	15.2	284,025	12.2
in which the parent is a man+	3,215	4.7	99,755	4.3
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	250,425	100.0	8,308,480	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	195,245	78.0	6,557,095	78.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	110,180	44.0	3,879,265	46.7
Parents in one-parent families	13,675	5.5	383,780	4.6
Children⁶	71,390	28.5	2,294,055	27.6
In a two-parent family	50,865	20.3	1,708,235	20.6
In a one-parent family	20,525	8.2	585,820	7.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	55,185	22.0	1,751,380	21.1
Living alone	40,730	16.3	1,317,505	15.9
Living with other relatives⁷	5,955	2.4	165,070	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	8,500	3.4	268,810	3.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	113,085	100.0	3,749,035	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	63,140	55.8	2,165,490	57.8
Couple-family households	51,550	45.6	1,834,095	48.9
With children⁶	25,375	22.4	851,835	22.7
Without children	26,180	23.2	982,260	26.2
One-parent-family households	11,590	10.2	331,395	8.8
Multigenerational households⁸	1,755	1.6	50,790	1.4
Multiple-census-family households⁹	320	0.3	9,225	0.2
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,510	2.2	66,750	1.8
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,630	4.1	139,280	3.7
One-person households	40,735	36.0	1,317,505	35.1
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	207,820	100.0	6,918,720	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	201,875	97.1	6,738,760	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	41,200	40,800	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	201,960	97.2	6,740,755	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	36,400	36,400	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	180,125	86.7	6,054,780	87.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	34,000	33,600	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	147,805	71.1	4,874,570	70.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	36,400	36,000	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	167,965	80.8	5,596,585	80.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300	11,300	11,500	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,895	11.5	837,635	12.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,680	28.7	1,971,440	28.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	7,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	207,820	100.0	6,918,730	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	201,855	97.1	6,738,410	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,160	49,160	51,160	51,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	201,905	97.2	6,740,360	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,600	40,600	41,840	41,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	180,240	86.7	6,053,525	87.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	43,600	45,480	45,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	147,805	71.1	4,874,615	70.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,520	44,520	46,240	46,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	168,115	80.9	5,593,790	80.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,300	12,300	12,410	12,410
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,845	11.5	837,180	12.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,850	6,850	7,040	7,040
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,045	28.4	1,966,120	28.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,390	8,390	8,130	8,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	207,820	100.0	6,918,730	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	69,945	33.7	2,305,655	33.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	58,000	58,400	58,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,200	67,200	69,700	69,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	60,855	29.3	2,014,360	29.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	19,000	18,600	18,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,040	27,040	28,160	28,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.2	79.2	79.8	79.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.4	66.4	65.4	65.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.8	20.8	20.1	20.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8	5.8	5.4	5.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.0	5.0	4.6	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	207,820	100.0	6,918,715	100.0
Without total income	5,945	2.9	179,955	2.6
With total income	201,875	97.1	6,738,765	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,810	6.8	462,400	6.9
$10,000 to $19,999	23,330	11.6	809,375	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	33,235	16.5	1,124,265	16.7
$30,000 to $39,999	27,725	13.7	896,520	13.3
$40,000 to $49,999	26,765	13.3	849,005	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	21,610	10.7	687,020	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	15,435	7.6	503,110	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	11,030	5.5	367,455	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	8,485	4.2	284,690	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	5,745	2.8	198,140	2.9
$100,000 and over	14,705	7.3	556,780	8.3
$100,000 to $149,999	10,880	5.4	385,890	5.7
$150,000 and over	3,825	1.9	170,890	2.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	207,820	100.0	6,918,715	100.0
Without after-tax income	5,860	2.8	177,960	2.6
With after-tax income	201,960	97.2	6,740,760	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,700	7.3	495,035	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	24,600	12.2	853,250	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	39,445	19.5	1,316,685	19.5
$30,000 to $39,999	34,905	17.3	1,127,905	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	31,390	15.5	994,235	14.7
$50,000 to $59,999	21,150	10.5	691,015	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	13,915	6.9	459,665	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	8,520	4.2	292,135	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,940	2.4	174,905	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,910	1.4	106,165	1.6
$100,000 and over	5,490	2.7	229,765	3.4
$100,000 to $124,999	3,205	1.6	119,125	1.8
$125,000 and over	2,285	1.1	110,635	1.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	207,820	100.0	6,918,715	100.0
Without employment income	60,010	28.9	2,044,155	29.5
With employment income	147,810	71.1	4,874,565	70.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	19,240	13.0	644,075	13.2
$5,000 to $9,999	11,980	8.1	401,185	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	17,800	12.0	603,350	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	15,020	10.2	495,105	10.2
$30,000 to $39,999	15,095	10.2	488,000	10.0
$40,000 to $49,999	15,540	10.5	485,845	10.0
$50,000 to $59,999	13,155	8.9	403,980	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	9,895	6.7	320,700	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	7,750	5.2	250,635	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	6,455	4.4	218,100	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	4,255	2.9	141,540	2.9
$100,000 and over	11,625	7.9	422,055	8.7
$100,000 to $124,999	6,075	4.1	205,085	4.2
$125,000 and over	5,555	3.8	216,965	4.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	207,820	100.0	6,918,720	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	197,930	95.2	6,612,685	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	38,000	38,400	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	198,010	95.3	6,615,985	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	34,000	34,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	177,265	85.3	5,956,320	86.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	34,800	34,800	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	146,920	70.7	4,872,155	70.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	36,800	36,400	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	153,165	73.7	5,078,320	73.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,200	7,200	7,800	7,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	19,295	9.3	727,165	10.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,760	4,760	5,000	5,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	207,820	100.0	6,918,730	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	197,935	95.2	6,612,430	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,120	46,120	48,600	48,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	198,030	95.3	6,615,755	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,120	38,120	39,600	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	177,180	85.3	5,954,375	86.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	43,600	45,920	45,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	146,745	70.6	4,871,600	70.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,560	44,560	46,240	46,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	153,375	73.8	5,076,255	73.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,150	9,150	9,450	9,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,235	9.3	727,815	10.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,840	6,840	7,020	7,020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	207,820	100.0	6,918,730	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	69,530	33.5	2,290,755	33.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	53,600	54,800	54,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,350	62,350	65,400	65,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	56,715	27.3	1,894,930	27.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	24,400	23,600	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,280	32,280	33,000	33,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.6	84.6	85.0	85.0
Employment income (%)	71.6	71.6	70.0	70.0
Government transfers (%)	15.4	15.4	14.9	14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.4	1.6	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	113,085	...	3,749,035	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	71,500	72,500	72,500
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,000	62,000	63,200	63,200
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	40,735	...	1,317,505	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	40,800	38,800	38,800
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	35,600	34,400	34,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	72,355	...	2,431,530	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	96,000	97,000	97,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	82,000	83,000	83,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	113,085	...	3,749,035	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,800	87,800	92,000	92,000
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	72,500	75,200	75,200
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	40,720	...	1,317,070	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,360	47,360	47,680	47,680
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	39,600	39,640	39,640
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	72,365	...	2,431,965	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,500	110,500	116,000	116,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	91,000	94,500	94,500
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	113,085	100.0	3,749,035	100.0
Under $5,000	900	0.8	35,920	1.0
$5,000 to $9,999	675	0.6	23,880	0.6
$10,000 to $14,999	1,515	1.3	52,080	1.4
$15,000 to $19,999	2,610	2.3	82,470	2.2
$20,000 to $24,999	6,200	5.5	218,185	5.8
$25,000 to $29,999	4,215	3.7	144,420	3.9
$30,000 to $34,999	4,405	3.9	143,285	3.8
$35,000 to $39,999	4,815	4.3	172,005	4.6
$40,000 to $44,999	5,420	4.8	174,790	4.7
$45,000 to $49,999	5,450	4.8	166,990	4.5
$50,000 to $59,999	10,045	8.9	310,880	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	8,955	7.9	280,505	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	8,045	7.1	255,770	6.8
$80,000 to $89,999	7,390	6.5	235,235	6.3
$90,000 to $99,999	6,510	5.8	208,320	5.6
$100,000 and over	35,930	31.8	1,244,285	33.2
$100,000 to $124,999	12,625	11.2	414,805	11.1
$125,000 to $149,999	8,605	7.6	282,590	7.5
$150,000 to $199,999	8,795	7.8	307,835	8.2
$200,000 and over	5,910	5.2	239,060	6.4
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	113,085	100.0	3,749,035	100.0
Under $5,000	1,015	0.9	40,590	1.1
$5,000 to $9,999	715	0.6	24,960	0.7
$10,000 to $14,999	1,550	1.4	53,600	1.4
$15,000 to $19,999	2,725	2.4	87,695	2.3
$20,000 to $24,999	6,740	6.0	234,875	6.3
$25,000 to $29,999	5,330	4.7	177,135	4.7
$30,000 to $34,999	5,470	4.8	180,150	4.8
$35,000 to $39,999	6,390	5.7	213,760	5.7
$40,000 to $44,999	6,675	5.9	210,280	5.6
$45,000 to $49,999	6,290	5.6	193,530	5.2
$50,000 to $59,999	11,350	10.0	356,325	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	10,065	8.9	322,530	8.6
$70,000 to $79,999	8,995	8.0	289,580	7.7
$80,000 to $89,999	7,820	6.9	254,885	6.8
$90,000 to $99,999	6,590	5.8	216,370	5.8
$100,000 and over	25,345	22.4	892,775	23.8
$100,000 to $124,999	11,700	10.3	387,835	10.3
$125,000 to $149,999	6,515	5.8	225,830	6.0
$150,000 and over	7,135	6.3	279,105	7.4
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	69,125	...	2,331,170	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	96,000	98,000	98,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	83,000	84,000	84,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	26,440	...	991,710	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	86,000	84,000	84,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	73,500	72,500	72,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	27,260	...	907,765	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	125,000	130,000	130,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	106,000	110,000	110,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	13,150	...	368,845	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	67,500	69,000	69,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	61,200	61,600	61,600
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	49,235	...	1,586,315	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	38,800	36,800	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	34,400	33,200	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	69,230	...	2,330,645	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,100	111,100	117,000	117,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,300	91,300	95,100	95,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	26,550	...	992,110	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,400	101,400	101,100	101,100
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,800	82,800	82,200	82,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	27,225	...	909,160	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,400	138,400	151,200	151,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,500	113,500	121,300	121,300
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,180	...	367,155	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,300	77,300	78,700	78,700
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,300	64,300	67,500	67,500
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	49,035	...	1,585,705	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,560	45,560	45,480	45,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,240	38,240	38,040	38,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	250,430	100.0	8,308,480	100.0
0 to 17 years	50,180	20.0	1,648,330	19.8
0 to 5 years	16,670	6.7	515,725	6.2
18 to 64 years	155,385	62.0	5,060,160	60.9
65 years and over	44,860	17.9	1,599,990	19.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	29,755	...	992,235	...
0 to 17 years	5,825	...	159,530	...
0 to 5 years	1,985	...	53,105	...
18 to 64 years	15,625	...	515,470	...
65 years and over	8,305	...	317,235	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9
0 to 17 years (%)	11.6	11.6	9.7	9.7
0 to 5 years (%)	11.9	11.9	10.3	10.3
18 to 64 years (%)	10.1	10.1	10.2	10.2
65 years and over (%)	18.5	18.5	19.8	19.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	250,430	100.0	8,268,130	100.0
0 to 17 years	50,180	20.0	1,634,715	19.8
0 to 5 years	16,670	6.7	511,400	6.2
18 to 64 years	155,385	62.0	5,037,010	60.9
65 years and over	44,865	17.9	1,596,400	19.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	17,200	...	439,850	...
0 to 17 years	3,090	...	61,665	...
0 to 5 years	1,040	...	19,815	...
18 to 64 years	11,170	...	313,970	...
65 years and over	2,940	...	64,210	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.9	6.9	5.3	5.3
0 to 17 years (%)	6.2	6.2	3.8	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	6.2	6.2	3.9	3.9
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	7.2	6.2	6.2
65 years and over (%)	6.6	6.6	4.0	4.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	250,430	100.0	8,308,480	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	145,435	58.1	4,667,030	56.2
In bottom decile	26,010	10.4	851,840	10.3
In second decile	27,585	11.0	920,490	11.1
In third decile	31,335	12.5	969,255	11.7
In fourth decile	31,165	12.4	978,345	11.8
In fifth decile	29,335	11.7	947,090	11.4
In top half of the distribution	104,995	41.9	3,641,455	43.8
In sixth decile	27,380	10.9	899,660	10.8
In seventh decile	25,620	10.2	837,225	10.1
In eighth decile	21,820	8.7	752,410	9.1
In ninth decile	17,785	7.1	634,425	7.6
In top decile	12,390	4.9	517,725	6.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	250,430	250,430	8,308,480	8,308,480
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.307	0.307	0.328	0.328
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.437	0.437	0.456	0.456
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.263	0.263	0.280	0.280
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	251,825	100.0	8,406,905	100.0
English only	8,635	3.4	445,575	5.3
French only	108,890	43.2	3,980,275	47.3
English and French	131,555	52.2	3,898,980	46.4
Neither English nor French	2,750	1.1	82,075	1.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	251,825	100.0	8,406,905	100.0
English	23,575	9.4	1,088,820	13.0
French	211,740	84.1	6,909,570	82.2
English and French	13,860	5.5	329,515	3.9
Neither English nor French	2,650	1.1	79,000	0.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	251,825	100.0	8,406,905	100.0
Single responses	240,445	95.5	8,098,360	96.3
Official languages	195,640	77.7	6,930,810	82.4
English	14,565	5.8	639,365	7.6
French	181,075	71.9	6,291,440	74.8
Non-official languages	44,810	17.8	1,167,550	13.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0.0	41,820	0.5
Algonquian languages	15	0.0	28,925	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0.0	27,870	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0.0	5,490	0.1
Cree languages	5	0.0	14,905	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	20	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	565	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	3,235	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	70	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	90	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	60	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	10,870	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0.0	6,870	0.1
Naskapi	0	0.0	610	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	190	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	190	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	5	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	860	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	820	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	10	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	30	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	20	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	5	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	10	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	15	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	15	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	5	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	10	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0.0	12,775	0.2
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0.0	12,770	0.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	65	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	60	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	15	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	15	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	44,790	17.8	1,125,730	13.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,695	3.5	233,220	2.8
Berber languages	1,225	0.5	25,990	0.3
Kabyle	1,115	0.4	23,735	0.3
Tamazight	100	0.0	1,975	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0	285	0.0
Chadic languages	65	0.0	980	0.0
Hausa	25	0.0	425	0.0
Mina	35	0.0	555	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	320	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	0.0	1,330	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	20	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	5	0.0
Somali	25	0.0	1,275	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	25	0.0
Semitic languages	7,380	2.9	204,600	2.4
Amharic	15	0.0	735	0.0
Arabic	7,340	2.9	198,785	2.4
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	525	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	170	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	45	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	300	0.0
Harari	0	0.0	10	0.0
Hebrew	20	0.0	3,680	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	20	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0.0	810	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	40	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,365	0.5	37,425	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	295	0.1	8,730	0.1
Vietnamese	1,065	0.4	28,630	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0	60	0.0
Austronesian languages	605	0.2	25,580	0.3
Bikol	5	0.0	140	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0.0	465	0.0
Cebuano	25	0.0	1,050	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	5	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	0.0	590	0.0
Ilocano	25	0.0	2,125	0.0
Indonesian	30	0.0	730	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	20	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0	25	0.0
Malagasy languages	195	0.1	1,810	0.0
Merina	135	0.1	1,180	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	60	0.0	630	0.0
Malay	5	0.0	75	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	225	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	120	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	275	0.1	17,710	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0.0	65	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0	410	0.0
Creole languages	3,120	1.2	62,640	0.7
Haitian Creole	2,195	0.9	46,475	0.6
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	20	0.0
Krio	0	0.0	10	0.0
Morisyen	395	0.2	3,115	0.0
Sango	20	0.0	490	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	490	0.2	11,980	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	0.0	555	0.0
Dravidian languages	290	0.1	18,350	0.2
Kannada	30	0.0	375	0.0
Malayalam	45	0.0	1,800	0.0
Tamil	105	0.0	14,235	0.2
Telugu	120	0.0	1,895	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0	25	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	20	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	150	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Indo-European languages	24,225	9.6	595,790	7.1
Albanian	80	0.0	3,310	0.0
Armenian	80	0.0	16,890	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	3,100	1.2	68,295	0.8
Baltic languages	20	0.0	725	0.0
Latvian	5	0.0	235	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0.0	490	0.0
Slavic languages	3,080	1.2	67,565	0.8
Belarusian	10	0.0	75	0.0
Bulgarian	375	0.1	6,735	0.1
Czech	30	0.0	1,345	0.0
Macedonian	10	0.0	220	0.0
Polish	350	0.1	12,495	0.1
Russian	1,800	0.7	31,700	0.4
Rusyn	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	170	0.1	8,415	0.1
Bosnian	10	0.0	2,065	0.0
Croatian	65	0.0	2,380	0.0
Serbian	90	0.0	3,720	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0.0	250	0.0
Slovak	20	0.0	855	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	75	0.0	600	0.0
Ukrainian	235	0.1	5,065	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	50	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0.0	130	0.0
Irish	0	0.0	25	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	20	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0	40	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	55	0.0
Germanic languages	410	0.2	25,580	0.3
Frisian	0	0.0	15	0.0
High German languages	315	0.1	21,145	0.3
German	300	0.1	11,055	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0.0	1,110	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	8,980	0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	0.0	3,175	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0	170	0.0
Dutch	60	0.0	2,590	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	5	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	10	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0.0	400	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	0.0	1,140	0.0
Danish	5	0.0	360	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	60	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	190	0.0
Swedish	10	0.0	530	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	105	0.0
Greek	485	0.2	34,080	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	3,580	1.4	101,450	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,005	0.4	63,025	0.7
Assamese	0	0.0	30	0.0
Bengali	220	0.1	12,140	0.1
Gujarati	70	0.0	7,070	0.1
Hindi	195	0.1	5,445	0.1
Kacchi	0	0.0	170	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0	40	0.0
Konkani	5	0.0	80	0.0
Marathi	40	0.0	520	0.0
Nepali	5	0.0	1,105	0.0
Oriya languages	5	0.0	65	0.0
Odia	5	0.0	40	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	25	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	175	0.1	23,825	0.3
Rohingya	0	0.0	115	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	100	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0.0	725	0.0
Urdu	260	0.1	11,320	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0	265	0.0
Iranian languages	2,570	1.0	38,400	0.5
Baluchi	0	0.0	10	0.0
Kurdish	30	0.0	1,120	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0	35	0.0
Pashto	65	0.0	1,490	0.0
Persian languages	2,470	1.0	35,615	0.4
Dari	1,660	0.7	10,665	0.1
Iranian Persian	640	0.3	22,130	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	175	0.1	2,820	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0	125	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	30	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	16,485	6.5	346,000	4.1
Catalan	5	0.0	330	0.0
Italian	985	0.4	90,940	1.1
Portuguese	1,950	0.8	41,545	0.5
Romanian	2,235	0.9	35,810	0.4
Spanish	11,300	4.5	177,155	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0	225	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	55	0.0
Japanese	60	0.0	2,760	0.0
Korean	230	0.1	6,670	0.1
Mongolian	5	0.0	225	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,175	0.9	33,495	0.4
Akan (Twi)	10	0.0	985	0.0
Bamanankan	115	0.0	1,490	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	90	0.0
Éwé	50	0.0	995	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	215	0.1	2,665	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	70	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	50	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0	10	0.0
Igbo	5	0.0	145	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	160	0.1	3,420	0.0
Lingala	195	0.1	2,975	0.0
Luba-Kasai	20	0.0	285	0.0
Mòoré	50	0.0	405	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0	40	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0	60	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	340	0.1	4,585	0.1
Shona	0	0.0	125	0.0
Soninke	5	0.0	270	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0	25	0.0
Swahili	145	0.1	3,975	0.0
Wojenaka	35	0.0	910	0.0
Wolof	430	0.2	3,940	0.0
Yoruba	35	0.0	875	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	360	0.1	5,105	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	0.0	1,010	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	10	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	0.0	845	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0.0	155	0.0
Sign languages	65	0.0	1,280	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0.0	120	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	55	0.0	930	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0	225	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,195	1.3	87,540	1.0
Chinese languages	3,150	1.3	87,155	1.0
Hakka	20	0.0	470	0.0
Mandarin	1,910	0.8	57,445	0.7
Min Dong	5	0.0	35	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	105	0.0	2,670	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	0.0	790	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,005	0.4	24,235	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	75	0.0	1,425	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	80	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	0.0	310	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	80	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	20	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	15	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	45	0.0	130	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	75	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	80	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	370	0.1	4,855	0.1
Lao	335	0.1	3,815	0.0
Thai	30	0.0	1,015	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	25	0.0
Turkic languages	190	0.1	9,230	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0.0	410	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0	50	0.0
Turkish	155	0.1	8,220	0.1
Uyghur	20	0.0	235	0.0
Uzbek	5	0.0	170	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0	140	0.0
Uralic languages	135	0.1	5,335	0.1
Estonian	0	0.0	160	0.0
Finnish	5	0.0	305	0.0
Hungarian	130	0.1	4,865	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0	170	0.0
Multiple responses	11,375	4.5	308,550	3.7
English and French	4,460	1.8	126,405	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,025	0.4	49,485	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	4,585	1.8	94,205	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	975	0.4	28,685	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	340	0.1	9,765	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	251,825	100.0	8,406,905	100.0
English	13,075	5.2	623,305	7.4
French	172,310	68.4	6,032,885	71.8
Non-official language	13,795	5.5	366,730	4.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0	23,080	0.3
Non-Indigenous	13,795	5.5	343,650	4.1
English and French	17,190	6.8	497,380	5.9
English and non-official language(s)	3,940	1.6	205,755	2.4
French and non-official language(s)	19,950	7.9	375,795	4.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10,900	4.3	284,940	3.4
Multiple non-official languages	670	0.3	20,125	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	251,825	100.0	8,406,905	100.0
Single responses	237,735	94.4	8,049,665	95.8
Official languages	212,080	84.2	7,387,055	87.9
English	18,875	7.5	874,185	10.4
French	193,210	76.7	6,512,870	77.5
Non-official languages	25,650	10.2	662,615	7.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0	34,245	0.4
Algonquian languages	0	0.0	22,430	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0	22,115	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0.0	4,330	0.1
Cree languages	0	0.0	11,895	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	20	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	560	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	2,495	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	35	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	65	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	45	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	8,680	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0	5,400	0.1
Naskapi	0	0.0	490	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	80	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	75	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	5	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	230	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	215	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	5	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	5	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	5	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	11,755	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	11,750	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	5	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	5	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	35	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,645	10.2	628,365	7.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,760	1.5	116,685	1.4
Berber languages	480	0.2	10,635	0.1
Kabyle	425	0.2	9,765	0.1
Tamazight	45	0.0	670	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0	195	0.0
Chadic languages	25	0.0	335	0.0
Hausa	10	0.0	180	0.0
Mina	15	0.0	155	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	225	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	0.0	605	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	10	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	5	0.0
Somali	10	0.0	580	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	10	0.0
Semitic languages	3,245	1.3	104,890	1.2
Amharic	0	0.0	330	0.0
Arabic	3,230	1.3	102,120	1.2
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	380	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	130	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	50	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	200	0.0
Harari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0.0	1,515	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	5	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	490	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	40	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	770	0.3	24,500	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	0.1	4,875	0.1
Vietnamese	630	0.3	19,595	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0	30	0.0
Austronesian languages	205	0.1	13,845	0.2
Bikol	0	0.0	45	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	225	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	560	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	320	0.0
Ilocano	10	0.0	1,175	0.0
Indonesian	15	0.0	255	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	10	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0	20	0.0
Malagasy languages	65	0.0	610	0.0
Merina	30	0.0	305	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	0.0	300	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	20	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	125	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	35	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	0.0	10,260	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0.0	20	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	185	0.0
Creole languages	1,340	0.5	26,985	0.3
Haitian Creole	890	0.4	19,535	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	10	0.0
Krio	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	210	0.1	1,590	0.0
Sango	15	0.0	230	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	220	0.1	5,390	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0	220	0.0
Dravidian languages	180	0.1	13,800	0.2
Kannada	10	0.0	190	0.0
Malayalam	20	0.0	1,225	0.0
Tamil	70	0.0	11,215	0.1
Telugu	70	0.0	1,140	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0	15	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	20	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	60	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15,630	6.2	336,635	4.0
Albanian	50	0.0	1,910	0.0
Armenian	35	0.0	12,325	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,130	0.8	39,725	0.5
Baltic languages	5	0.0	150	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	60	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0.0	95	0.0
Slavic languages	2,125	0.8	39,575	0.5
Belarusian	10	0.0	30	0.0
Bulgarian	285	0.1	4,535	0.1
Czech	10	0.0	375	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	125	0.0
Polish	115	0.0	4,795	0.1
Russian	1,455	0.6	22,770	0.3
Rusyn	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	0.0	4,205	0.1
Bosnian	0	0.0	1,075	0.0
Croatian	25	0.0	945	0.0
Serbian	30	0.0	2,090	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	100	0.0
Slovak	5	0.0	200	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	0.0	150	0.0
Ukrainian	155	0.1	2,375	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	5	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	45	0.0
Irish	0	0.0	10	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	15	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0	5	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	10	0.0
Germanic languages	50	0.0	10,320	0.1
Frisian	0	0.0	110	0.0
High German languages	35	0.0	9,600	0.1
German	35	0.0	1,685	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0	235	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	7,680	0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0.0	420	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0	65	0.0
Dutch	10	0.0	300	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	40	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0.0	175	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	35	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	25	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	15	0.0
Swedish	5	0.0	100	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	20	0.0
Greek	215	0.1	15,235	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	2,505	1.0	74,455	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	605	0.2	46,420	0.6
Assamese	0	0.0	5	0.0
Bengali	135	0.1	8,760	0.1
Gujarati	25	0.0	4,630	0.1
Hindi	115	0.0	3,525	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	95	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0	10	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0	20	0.0
Marathi	30	0.0	255	0.0
Nepali	5	0.0	880	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Odia	0	0.0	5	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	0.0	19,290	0.2
Rohingya	0	0.0	80	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	35	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0.0	425	0.0
Urdu	170	0.1	8,250	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	150	0.0
Iranian languages	1,895	0.8	28,020	0.3
Baluchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	20	0.0	625	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0	15	0.0
Pashto	40	0.0	1,110	0.0
Persian languages	1,835	0.7	26,205	0.3
Dari	1,175	0.5	7,595	0.1
Iranian Persian	535	0.2	16,660	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	120	0.0	1,950	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0	65	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	20	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,645	4.2	182,585	2.2
Catalan	0	0.0	135	0.0
Italian	215	0.1	26,290	0.3
Portuguese	1,105	0.4	20,885	0.2
Romanian	1,500	0.6	22,255	0.3
Spanish	7,820	3.1	112,915	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	105	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	35	0.0
Japanese	20	0.0	1,155	0.0
Korean	170	0.1	4,760	0.1
Mongolian	0	0.0	145	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	645	0.3	10,160	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	485	0.0
Bamanankan	35	0.0	385	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	25	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0	225	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	0.0	850	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	30	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	5	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	20	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	0.0	965	0.0
Lingala	65	0.0	930	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0.0	20	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0	35	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0	10	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0	10	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	150	0.1	1,655	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	45	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0	105	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Swahili	50	0.0	1,665	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0	245	0.0
Wolof	175	0.1	1,470	0.0
Yoruba	10	0.0	240	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	0.0	720	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	0.0	395	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0	5	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0	365	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0	25	0.0
Sign languages	95	0.0	2,235	0.0
American Sign Language	15	0.0	300	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	60	0.0	1,385	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0.0	550	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,465	1.0	67,120	0.8
Chinese languages	2,435	1.0	66,880	0.8
Hakka	10	0.0	150	0.0
Mandarin	1,565	0.6	46,925	0.6
Min Dong	0	0.0	15	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	65	0.0	1,510	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	0.0	535	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	715	0.3	16,860	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	0.0	870	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	20	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	0.0	190	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	40	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	10	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	25	0.0	75	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	60	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	40	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	200	0.1	2,325	0.0
Lao	195	0.1	2,060	0.0
Thai	5	0.0	255	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	10	0.0
Turkic languages	110	0.0	6,005	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0.0	175	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0	10	0.0
Turkish	95	0.0	5,540	0.1
Uyghur	10	0.0	145	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	95	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	35	0.0
Uralic languages	50	0.0	1,505	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	15	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	45	0.0
Hungarian	50	0.0	1,445	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	55	0.0
Multiple responses	14,090	5.6	357,245	4.2
English and French	5,060	2.0	137,120	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,375	0.5	60,495	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	6,075	2.4	116,595	1.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,460	0.6	39,875	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	110	0.0	3,160	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	251,825	100.0	8,406,905	100.0
None	210,225	83.5	7,302,915	86.9
English	12,185	4.8	353,690	4.2
French	10,275	4.1	259,425	3.1
Non-official language	10,835	4.3	269,715	3.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0	5,315	0.1
Non-Indigenous	10,830	4.3	264,405	3.1
English and French	2,500	1.0	61,955	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	3,360	1.3	76,755	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	1,485	0.6	55,860	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	275	0.1	7,295	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	685	0.3	19,290	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	250,430	100.0	8,308,475	100.0
Official languages	247,625	98.9	8,227,220	99.0
English	139,450	55.7	4,317,180	52.0
French	239,190	95.5	7,786,735	93.7
Non-official languages	69,775	27.9	1,853,710	22.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	0.0	50,165	0.6
Algonquian languages	30	0.0	35,985	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	0.0	33,860	0.4
Atikamekw	0	0.0	6,770	0.1
Cree languages	10	0.0	17,930	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	50	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	855	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	0.0	4,230	0.1
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	75	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	265	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	90	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	12,650	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0.0	8,710	0.1
Naskapi	0	0.0	1,000	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	370	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	370	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	1,945	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	1,750	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	25	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	210	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	155	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	10	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	60	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	55	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	95	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	90	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	10	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	65	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	20	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	35	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0	10	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	10	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0.0	13,900	0.2
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	15	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	15	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	0.0	13,880	0.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	10	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	240	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	215	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	20	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	35	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	30	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	20	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	10	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	10	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	65	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	95	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	69,730	27.8	1,804,195	21.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	13,900	5.6	385,210	4.6
Berber languages	2,180	0.9	39,965	0.5
Kabyle	1,915	0.8	35,660	0.4
Tamazight	230	0.1	3,840	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	45	0.0	1,000	0.0
Chadic languages	190	0.1	2,900	0.0
Hausa	60	0.0	1,250	0.0
Mina	130	0.1	1,650	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	1,150	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	0.0	2,145	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	25	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	55	0.0
Somali	25	0.0	2,025	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	100	0.0
Semitic languages	12,750	5.1	363,875	4.4
Amharic	15	0.0	1,225	0.0
Arabic	12,535	5.0	343,675	4.1
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	935	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	205	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	80	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	660	0.0
Harari	0	0.0	15	0.0
Hebrew	200	0.1	19,210	0.2
Maltese	0	0.0	40	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0.0	1,010	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	0.0	165	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,705	0.7	49,720	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	410	0.2	12,785	0.2
Vietnamese	1,340	0.5	37,655	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0	105	0.0
Austronesian languages	965	0.4	40,880	0.5
Bikol	0	0.0	340	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0.0	655	0.0
Cebuano	20	0.0	1,940	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	10	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	0.0	1,215	0.0
Ilocano	40	0.0	3,845	0.0
Indonesian	55	0.0	1,510	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	85	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0	85	0.0
Malagasy languages	325	0.1	3,265	0.0
Merina	225	0.1	2,215	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	105	0.0	1,085	0.0
Malay	25	0.0	595	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	460	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	200	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	530	0.2	33,810	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0.0	215	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	0.0	1,645	0.0
Creole languages	7,175	2.9	135,275	1.6
Haitian Creole	5,975	2.4	118,010	1.4
Jamaican English Creole	25	0.0	340	0.0
Krio	0	0.0	75	0.0
Morisyen	685	0.3	6,810	0.1
Sango	40	0.0	1,070	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	785	0.3	17,995	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	125	0.0	3,010	0.0
Dravidian languages	460	0.2	25,390	0.3
Kannada	50	0.0	925	0.0
Malayalam	80	0.0	2,530	0.0
Tamil	215	0.1	20,050	0.2
Telugu	160	0.1	3,260	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0	80	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	95	0.0
Georgian	10	0.0	245	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Indo-European languages	37,910	15.1	1,014,365	12.2
Albanian	95	0.0	4,545	0.1
Armenian	140	0.1	22,100	0.3
Balto-Slavic languages	4,395	1.8	95,385	1.1
Baltic languages	30	0.0	1,105	0.0
Latvian	10	0.0	440	0.0
Lithuanian	25	0.0	660	0.0
Slavic languages	4,380	1.7	94,580	1.1
Belarusian	40	0.0	410	0.0
Bulgarian	505	0.2	8,110	0.1
Czech	50	0.0	2,165	0.0
Macedonian	40	0.0	455	0.0
Polish	385	0.2	16,790	0.2
Russian	3,225	1.3	55,485	0.7
Rusyn	0	0.0	15	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	255	0.1	11,145	0.1
Bosnian	0	0.0	3,060	0.0
Croatian	145	0.1	4,710	0.1
Serbian	130	0.1	5,285	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	0.0	315	0.0
Slovak	20	0.0	1,380	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	0.0	810	0.0
Ukrainian	470	0.2	10,185	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	110	0.0
Celtic languages	30	0.0	665	0.0
Irish	20	0.0	300	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	135	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0	85	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	165	0.0
Germanic languages	1,225	0.5	65,625	0.8
Frisian	0	0.0	65	0.0
High German languages	1,030	0.4	57,640	0.7
German	1,015	0.4	44,170	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0.0	1,615	0.0
Yiddish	10	0.0	12,825	0.2
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	160	0.1	6,410	0.1
Afrikaans	35	0.0	580	0.0
Dutch	105	0.0	5,170	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	10	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	40	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	0.0	735	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	0.0	3,335	0.0
Danish	15	0.0	860	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	90	0.0
Norwegian	20	0.0	735	0.0
Swedish	55	0.0	1,905	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	215	0.0
Greek	740	0.3	50,375	0.6
Indo-Iranian languages	4,760	1.9	136,020	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,900	0.8	90,745	1.1
Assamese	0	0.0	75	0.0
Bengali	200	0.1	16,170	0.2
Gujarati	115	0.0	10,640	0.1
Hindi	950	0.4	35,765	0.4
Kacchi	0	0.0	375	0.0
Kashmiri	25	0.0	115	0.0
Konkani	10	0.0	235	0.0
Marathi	45	0.0	1,160	0.0
Nepali	25	0.0	1,375	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0	105	0.0
Odia	0	0.0	45	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	60	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	385	0.2	34,290	0.4
Rohingya	0	0.0	250	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	230	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	0.0	1,610	0.0
Urdu	700	0.3	21,180	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	50	0.0	770	0.0
Iranian languages	3,225	1.3	48,105	0.6
Baluchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	65	0.0	1,805	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0	135	0.0
Pashto	155	0.1	2,210	0.0
Persian languages	3,065	1.2	44,745	0.5
Dari	1,960	0.8	13,235	0.2
Iranian Persian	850	0.3	27,430	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	315	0.1	4,595	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	0.0	290	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	170	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	27,890	11.1	684,830	8.2
Catalan	25	0.0	1,250	0.0
Italian	2,485	1.0	168,040	2.0
Portuguese	3,075	1.2	65,605	0.8
Romanian	2,760	1.1	44,510	0.5
Spanish	21,015	8.4	453,905	5.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	0.0	1,105	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0	285	0.0
Japanese	295	0.1	9,305	0.1
Korean	420	0.2	9,265	0.1
Mongolian	0	0.0	320	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	4,770	1.9	75,835	0.9
Akan (Twi)	70	0.0	2,385	0.0
Bamanankan	295	0.1	3,525	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	365	0.0
Éwé	120	0.0	2,365	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	300	0.1	5,820	0.1
Ga	0	0.0	375	0.0
Ganda	25	0.0	280	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0	80	0.0
Igbo	25	0.0	745	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	320	0.1	5,740	0.1
Lingala	835	0.3	14,985	0.2
Luba-Kasai	90	0.0	1,205	0.0
Mòoré	180	0.1	1,615	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0	80	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0	180	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	490	0.2	7,310	0.1
Shona	0	0.0	345	0.0
Soninke	10	0.0	570	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0	85	0.0
Swahili	540	0.2	12,270	0.1
Wojenaka	135	0.1	2,195	0.0
Wolof	875	0.3	9,930	0.1
Yoruba	205	0.1	3,100	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,240	0.5	17,915	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	85	0.0	1,865	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	10	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0	10	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	85	0.0	1,845	0.0
African, n.o.s.	70	0.0	995	0.0
Sign languages	260	0.1	8,070	0.1
American Sign Language	45	0.0	1,310	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	215	0.1	5,740	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	0.0	1,555	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,960	1.6	107,415	1.3
Chinese languages	3,905	1.6	106,915	1.3
Hakka	20	0.0	810	0.0
Mandarin	2,625	1.0	80,520	1.0
Min Dong	10	0.0	70	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	195	0.1	4,310	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	0.0	1,255	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,455	0.6	34,030	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	0.0	1,500	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	245	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	0.0	465	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	135	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	35	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	20	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	15	0.0
Tibetan	55	0.0	190	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	130	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0	100	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	355	0.1	7,330	0.1
Lao	325	0.1	5,485	0.1
Thai	60	0.0	2,720	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	40	0.0
Turkic languages	430	0.2	17,795	0.2
Azerbaijani	15	0.0	995	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0	125	0.0
Turkish	340	0.1	16,195	0.2
Uyghur	0	0.0	350	0.0
Uzbek	15	0.0	320	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	0.0	350	0.0
Uralic languages	195	0.1	7,595	0.1
Estonian	0	0.0	230	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	525	0.0
Hungarian	190	0.1	6,850	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	0.0	835	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	250,430	100.0	8,308,480	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,255	1.3	205,010	2.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,100	1.2	193,365	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,780	0.7	116,550	1.4
Métis	1,250	0.5	61,010	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	70	0.0	15,800	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	0.0	3,135	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	120	0.0	8,515	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	247,175	98.7	8,103,470	97.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	250,430	100.0	8,308,480	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	505	0.2	76,775	0.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	249,925	99.8	8,231,705	99.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	113,085	100.0	3,749,035	100.0
Owner	59,155	52.3	2,245,605	59.9
Renter	53,925	47.7	1,497,010	39.9
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0	6,425	0.2
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	113,085	100.0	3,749,035	100.0
Condominium	21,540	19.0	515,590	13.8
Not condominium	91,545	81.0	3,233,445	86.2
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	113,085	100.0	3,749,035	100.0
No bedrooms	640	0.6	32,020	0.9
1 bedroom	20,290	17.9	623,295	16.6
2 bedrooms	39,105	34.6	1,173,600	31.3
3 bedrooms	35,395	31.3	1,189,790	31.7
4 or more bedrooms	17,655	15.6	730,330	19.5
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	113,085	100.0	3,749,035	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	49,205	43.5	1,378,765	36.8
5 rooms	20,885	18.5	645,635	17.2
6 rooms	10,825	9.6	435,225	11.6
7 rooms	10,800	9.6	403,225	10.8
8 or more rooms	21,370	18.9	886,180	23.6
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.4	5.4	5.8	5.8
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	113,085	100.0	3,749,035	100.0
One person or fewer per room	111,425	98.5	3,700,720	98.7
More than one person per room	1,660	1.5	48,315	1.3
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	113,085	100.0	3,749,035	100.0
Suitable	108,045	95.5	3,606,260	96.2
Not suitable	5,040	4.5	142,775	3.8
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	113,085	100.0	3,749,035	100.0
1960 or before	18,450	16.3	879,375	23.5
1961 to 1980	44,100	39.0	1,114,690	29.7
1981 to 1990	18,275	16.2	509,120	13.6
1991 to 2000	10,130	9.0	385,315	10.3
2001 to 2005	4,065	3.6	198,595	5.3
2006 to 2010	4,945	4.4	231,930	6.2
2011 to 2015	5,540	4.9	212,290	5.7
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	7,575	6.7	217,715	5.8
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	113,085	100.0	3,749,035	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	105,425	93.2	3,512,925	93.7
Major repairs needed	7,655	6.8	236,110	6.3
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	113,085	100.0	3,749,035	100.0
One-maintainer household	63,700	56.3	2,097,670	56.0
Two-maintainer household	46,440	41.1	1,561,495	41.7
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,945	2.6	89,875	2.4
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	113,085	100.0	3,749,035	100.0
15 to 24 years	3,190	2.8	117,525	3.1
25 to 34 years	16,720	14.8	525,540	14.0
35 to 44 years	21,240	18.8	647,165	17.3
45 to 54 years	19,460	17.2	628,630	16.8
55 to 64 years	22,160	19.6	760,395	20.3
65 to 74 years	17,850	15.8	629,965	16.8
75 to 84 years	9,760	8.6	336,170	9.0
85 years and over	2,700	2.4	103,640	2.8
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	112,735	100.0	3,706,605	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	93,215	82.7	3,110,920	83.9
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	19,520	17.3	595,690	16.1
30% to less than 100%	18,150	16.1	542,060	14.6
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	113,090	100.0	3,749,035	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	29,880	26.4	901,440	24.0
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	17,745	15.7	537,090	14.3
Not suitable only	4,025	3.6	112,775	3.0
Major repairs needed only	5,800	5.1	179,840	4.8
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	455	0.4	15,470	0.4
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,295	1.1	41,740	1.1
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	540	0.5	13,135	0.4
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	0.0	1,395	0.0
Acceptable housing	83,205	73.6	2,847,590	76.0
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	111,365	100.0	3,652,985	100.0
In core need	9,170	8.2	218,275	6.0
Not in core need	102,190	91.8	3,434,710	94.0
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	59,160	...	2,227,470	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.4	65.4	62.2	62.2
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.5	10.5	10.0	10.0
% in core housing need⁶³	2.3	2.3	2.1	2.1
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	1,210	1,070	1,070
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,261	1,261	1,195	1,195
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	376,000	376,000	300,000	300,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	399,200	399,200	376,800	376,800
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	53,930	...	1,493,510	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.6	7.6	8.6	8.6
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.9	24.9	25.2	25.2
% in core housing need⁶³	14.9	14.9	11.9	11.9
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	840	810	810
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	907	907	886	886
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	6,425	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	4.2	4.2
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	440	440
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	449	449
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	250,430	100.0	8,308,480	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,725	1.1	177,300	2.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,700	1.1	174,610	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,365	0.9	140,690	1.7
Métis single ancestry	305	0.1	20,510	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	30	0.0	13,410	0.2
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	0.0	2,685	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	0.0	1,830	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0	760	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0	55	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0	45	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,795	2.3	203,425	2.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,755	2.3	200,985	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,340	2.1	177,925	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	365	0.1	19,935	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	0.0	3,120	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	0.0	2,435	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	0.0	1,800	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	535	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	45	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	60	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	241,905	96.6	7,927,760	95.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	250,425	100.0	8,308,480	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	228,950	91.4	7,790,215	93.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	45,700	18.2	1,570,720	18.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	183,245	73.2	6,219,495	74.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	21,480	8.6	518,265	6.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	250,425	100.0	8,308,480	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	190,085	75.9	6,892,110	83.0
Immigrants⁸¹	53,070	21.2	1,210,600	14.6
Before 1980	5,620	2.2	187,200	2.3
1980 to 1990	4,445	1.8	124,610	1.5
1991 to 2000	6,560	2.6	190,495	2.3
2001 to 2010	15,360	6.1	312,210	3.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	21,085	8.4	396,090	4.8
2011 to 2015	11,000	4.4	193,345	2.3
2016 to 2021	10,085	4.0	202,740	2.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	7,275	2.9	205,770	2.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	53,070	100.0	1,210,600	100.0
Under 5 years	5,490	10.3	112,295	9.3
5 to 14 years	9,120	17.2	201,385	16.6
15 to 24 years	8,040	15.1	213,035	17.6
25 to 44 years	26,920	50.7	594,845	49.1
45 years and over	3,500	6.6	89,045	7.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	53,070	100.0	1,210,600	100.0
Americas	14,025	26.4	264,885	21.9
Brazil	640	1.2	9,705	0.8
Colombia	2,340	4.4	29,670	2.5
El Salvador	390	0.7	11,515	1.0
Guyana	135	0.3	2,350	0.2
Haiti	4,465	8.4	86,105	7.1
Jamaica	100	0.2	4,485	0.4
Mexico	960	1.8	17,390	1.4
Peru	1,020	1.9	13,885	1.1
Trinidad and Tobago	165	0.3	3,820	0.3
United States of America	540	1.0	24,945	2.1
Other places of birth in Americas	3,270	6.2	61,020	5.0
Europe	11,005	20.7	309,015	25.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	0.1	4,015	0.3
Croatia	80	0.2	2,015	0.2
France	3,725	7.0	93,160	7.7
Germany	215	0.4	8,385	0.7
Greece	275	0.5	16,130	1.3
Hungary	70	0.1	2,930	0.2
Italy	525	1.0	43,975	3.6
Netherlands	40	0.1	1,655	0.1
Poland	210	0.4	9,670	0.8
Portugal	680	1.3	17,000	1.4
Romania	1,720	3.2	27,515	2.3
Russian Federation	575	1.1	11,690	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	55	0.1	1,610	0.1
Ukraine	565	1.1	9,660	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	295	0.6	12,290	1.0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,930	3.6	47,310	3.9
Africa	18,100	34.1	302,010	24.9
Algeria	3,800	7.2	72,835	6.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	865	1.6	15,595	1.3
Egypt	535	1.0	20,325	1.7
Eritrea	0	0.0	600	0.0
Ethiopia	25	0.0	1,045	0.1
Morocco	3,760	7.1	68,865	5.7
Nigeria	60	0.1	2,210	0.2
Somalia	10	0.0	675	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	15	0.0	1,025	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	9,035	17.0	118,820	9.8
Asia	9,875	18.6	332,925	27.5
Afghanistan	1,410	2.7	9,545	0.8
Iran⁸⁸	645	1.2	20,235	1.7
Iraq	80	0.2	4,085	0.3
Lebanon	640	1.2	42,280	3.5
Syria⁸⁹	265	0.5	26,845	2.2
Turkey	155	0.3	7,450	0.6
China⁹⁰	1,835	3.5	52,500	4.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	220	0.4	4,900	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	210	0.4	5,180	0.4
Taiwan	110	0.2	2,500	0.2
Philippines	505	1.0	31,350	2.6
Viet Nam	1,000	1.9	25,485	2.1
Bangladesh	115	0.2	8,965	0.7
India	635	1.2	24,990	2.1
Pakistan	380	0.7	11,250	0.9
Sri Lanka	115	0.2	10,910	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	1,555	2.9	44,455	3.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60	0.1	1,765	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	10,085	100.0	202,740	100.0
Americas	1,705	16.9	30,910	15.2
Brazil	120	1.2	2,575	1.3
Colombia	465	4.6	4,295	2.1
Haiti	370	3.7	8,600	4.2
Jamaica	0	0.0	215	0.1
Mexico	135	1.3	2,520	1.2
United States of America	35	0.3	4,140	2.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	175	1.7	1,690	0.8
Other places of birth in Americas	390	3.9	6,860	3.4
Europe	1,300	12.9	33,705	16.6
France	765	7.6	20,980	10.3
Germany	20	0.2	530	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0	100	0.0
Italy	10	0.1	700	0.3
Russian Federation	95	0.9	1,365	0.7
Ukraine	90	0.9	1,660	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0.1	975	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	295	2.9	7,395	3.6
Africa	5,005	49.6	70,310	34.7
Algeria	675	6.7	13,975	6.9
Burundi	215	2.1	2,290	1.1
Cameroon	1,040	10.3	8,830	4.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	180	1.8	4,055	2.0
Côte d'Ivoire	830	8.2	6,305	3.1
Egypt	55	0.5	2,385	1.2
Eritrea	0	0.0	300	0.1
Ethiopia	10	0.1	155	0.1
Morocco	575	5.7	9,515	4.7
Nigeria	25	0.2	995	0.5
Somalia	0	0.0	75	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0	190	0.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0	100	0.0
Tunisia	305	3.0	6,640	3.3
Other places of birth in Africa	1,090	10.8	14,505	7.2
Asia	2,065	20.5	67,305	33.2
Afghanistan	370	3.7	2,515	1.2
Bangladesh	0	0.0	1,190	0.6
China⁹⁰	370	3.7	10,735	5.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0	150	0.1
India	320	3.2	8,460	4.2
Iran⁸⁸	120	1.2	4,135	2.0
Iraq	25	0.2	715	0.4
Israel	20	0.2	395	0.2
Japan	20	0.2	325	0.2
Jordan	0	0.0	565	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	85	0.8	1,355	0.7
Lebanon	60	0.6	3,620	1.8
Nepal	0	0.0	245	0.1
Pakistan	115	1.1	2,160	1.1
Philippines	50	0.5	8,480	4.2
Saudi Arabia	20	0.2	1,390	0.7
Sri Lanka	10	0.1	710	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	170	1.7	13,390	6.6
Turkey	0	0.0	800	0.4
United Arab Emirates	10	0.1	975	0.5
Viet Nam	80	0.8	1,620	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	205	2.0	3,390	1.7
Oceania and other⁹³	20	0.2	510	0.3
Australia	0	0.0	295	0.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	0.2	220	0.1
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	250,430	100.0	8,308,480	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	61,990	24.8	1,471,845	17.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	32,690	13.1	883,485	10.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	155,750	62.2	5,953,145	71.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	47,450	100.0	1,023,400	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	28,485	60.0	559,935	54.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	12,850	27.1	267,870	26.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	15,635	33.0	292,070	28.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10,825	22.8	272,255	26.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	7,495	15.8	175,740	17.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	640	1.3	15,470	1.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	47,450	100.0	1,023,400	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	4,060	8.6	89,850	8.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,225	6.8	94,185	9.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,065	2.2	25,505	2.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,170	4.6	48,805	4.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	480	1.0	8,935	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	36,445	76.8	756,120	73.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	250,430	100.0	8,308,480	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	63,240	25.3	1,340,735	16.1
South Asian	2,605	1.0	127,990	1.5
Chinese	4,300	1.7	115,240	1.4
Black	24,910	9.9	422,405	5.1
Filipino	820	0.3	44,885	0.5
Arab	11,025	4.4	280,075	3.4
Latin American	11,400	4.6	172,925	2.1
Southeast Asian	2,730	1.1	70,455	0.8
West Asian	2,855	1.1	43,985	0.5
Korean	425	0.2	10,360	0.1
Japanese	145	0.1	5,305	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	605	0.2	12,150	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	1,430	0.6	34,960	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	187,190	74.7	6,967,745	83.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	250,430	100.0	8,308,475	100.0
Canadian	60,585	24.2	2,412,040	29.0
English	4,825	1.9	177,710	2.1
Irish	11,950	4.8	404,190	4.9
Scottish	5,380	2.1	192,685	2.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	54,350	21.7	1,778,900	21.4
German	3,585	1.4	124,305	1.5
Chinese	4,710	1.9	123,985	1.5
Italian	7,930	3.2	316,315	3.8
Indian (India)	1,995	0.8	65,790	0.8
Ukrainian	1,530	0.6	38,685	0.5
Dutch	595	0.2	22,385	0.3
Polish	1,700	0.7	63,505	0.8
Québécois	27,500	11.0	931,940	11.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	990	0.4	38,655	0.5
Filipino	780	0.3	43,580	0.5
French Canadian	14,095	5.6	588,805	7.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,580	1.4	149,955	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,830	1.5	138,030	1.7
Métis	740	0.3	44,275	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,675	1.1	99,420	1.2
Russian	1,925	0.8	47,195	0.6
Norwegian	185	0.1	8,215	0.1
Welsh	315	0.1	11,260	0.1
Portuguese	2,550	1.0	64,385	0.8
American	1,260	0.5	46,600	0.6
Spanish	2,940	1.2	77,735	0.9
Swedish	155	0.1	6,965	0.1
Hungarian	640	0.3	23,360	0.3
Acadian	2,435	1.0	83,945	1.0
Pakistani	445	0.2	16,645	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	4,245	1.7	73,930	0.9
Jewish	455	0.2	57,320	0.7
Punjabi	20	0.0	8,765	0.1
Vietnamese	1,720	0.7	45,570	0.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	4,805	1.9	104,735	1.3
Greek	1,285	0.5	69,705	0.8
Jamaican	445	0.2	11,395	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	505	0.2	15,820	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	190	0.1	21,540	0.3
Korean	395	0.2	10,655	0.1
Romanian	2,465	1.0	46,765	0.6
Lebanese	1,310	0.5	78,210	0.9
Iranian	745	0.3	25,825	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,575	0.6	81,820	1.0
Danish	130	0.1	5,260	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	910	0.4	35,315	0.4
Sikh	40	0.0	5,175	0.1
Austrian	255	0.1	11,030	0.1
Belgian	1,935	0.8	48,380	0.6
Haitian	8,780	3.5	156,065	1.9
Hindu	285	0.1	8,930	0.1
Mexican	1,865	0.7	34,305	0.4
Mennonite	0	0.0	695	0.0
Swiss	650	0.3	22,980	0.3
Finnish	45	0.0	3,120	0.0
Sri Lankan	100	0.0	12,400	0.1
Croatian	250	0.1	6,790	0.1
Japanese	250	0.1	7,460	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	50	0.0	3,020	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	420	0.2	20,235	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	120	0.0	4,075	0.0
Muslim	825	0.3	16,665	0.2
Egyptian	935	0.4	30,240	0.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	1,630	0.7	27,170	0.3
Tamil	125	0.0	7,615	0.1
Icelandic	45	0.0	1,135	0.0
Colombian	3,280	1.3	39,485	0.5
Moroccan	3,595	1.4	81,230	1.0
Czech	140	0.1	5,705	0.1
Syrian	350	0.1	31,590	0.4
Guyanese	150	0.1	3,410	0.0
Afghan	1,910	0.8	13,095	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	725	0.3	14,505	0.2
Serbian	185	0.1	5,355	0.1
Ojibway	30	0.0	1,120	0.0
Newfoundlander	50	0.0	1,830	0.0
Hong Konger	45	0.0	1,920	0.0
Ontarian	90	0.0	5,890	0.1
Persian	280	0.1	8,185	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	245	0.1	5,670	0.1
Turkish	250	0.1	15,620	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	75	0.0	17,970	0.2
Bangladeshi	105	0.0	11,075	0.1
Algerian	2,955	1.2	65,860	0.8
Brazilian	1,100	0.4	15,775	0.2
Nigerian	170	0.1	3,200	0.0
Armenian	335	0.1	30,720	0.4
Slovak	105	0.0	4,070	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	190	0.1	7,205	0.1
Somali	10	0.0	2,090	0.0
Taiwanese	125	0.0	3,605	0.0
Iraqi	115	0.0	4,385	0.1
Salvadorean	675	0.3	17,265	0.2
African Caribbean	390	0.2	9,305	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	115	0.0	3,425	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	0.0	5,955	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	335	0.1	9,190	0.1
Algonquin	405	0.2	29,880	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	115	0.0	3,140	0.0
Lithuanian	165	0.1	5,455	0.1
South African	25	0.0	1,045	0.0
Australian	30	0.0	1,820	0.0
Palestinian	60	0.0	6,500	0.1
Chilean	1,350	0.5	14,420	0.2
Congolese	1,340	0.5	24,070	0.3
Nova Scotian	50	0.0	1,430	0.0
Ethiopian	60	0.0	1,440	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	350	0.1	6,335	0.1
Peruvian	1,440	0.6	19,055	0.2
Yoruba	165	0.1	2,820	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	585	0.2	17,600	0.2
Berber	2,225	0.9	36,540	0.4
Albanian	90	0.0	4,650	0.1
Maltese	20	0.0	1,095	0.0
Macedonian	50	0.0	680	0.0
Slovenian	140	0.1	2,395	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	200	0.1	7,000	0.1
New Brunswicker	160	0.1	4,900	0.1
Gujarati	20	0.0	1,340	0.0
Eritrean	0	0.0	800	0.0
African Canadian	135	0.1	3,715	0.0
Israeli	75	0.0	6,750	0.1
Mohawk	155	0.1	6,635	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	0.0	1,620	0.0
Bulgarian	555	0.2	9,500	0.1
Albertan	10	0.0	410	0.0
Ghanaian	100	0.0	3,385	0.0
Barbadian	220	0.1	4,840	0.1
African American	165	0.1	3,255	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	65	0.0	2,310	0.0
Tunisian	965	0.4	26,015	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	160	0.1	2,885	0.0
Cuban	715	0.3	10,280	0.1
Bosnian	0	0.0	2,415	0.0
Venezuelan	770	0.3	8,690	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	440	0.2	23,940	0.3
Latvian	30	0.0	1,640	0.0
Bengali	80	0.0	4,560	0.1
Cameroonian	1,600	0.6	18,610	0.2
Guatemalan	400	0.2	10,375	0.1
Indonesian	30	0.0	1,970	0.0
Laotian	490	0.2	7,485	0.1
Ilocano	0	0.0	1,445	0.0
Northern Irish	55	0.0	1,200	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70	0.0	1,695	0.0
British Columbian	0	0.0	280	0.0
Ecuadorian	70	0.0	2,550	0.0
Franco Ontarian	170	0.1	4,245	0.1
Argentinian	215	0.1	5,890	0.1
Estonian	10	0.0	885	0.0
Kurdish	110	0.0	2,805	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	50	0.0
Jatt	0	0.0	605	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	170	0.1	6,565	0.1
Coptic	110	0.0	4,750	0.1
Thai	85	0.0	3,230	0.0
Dominican	735	0.3	10,875	0.1
Nepali	30	0.0	980	0.0
Kabyle	1,015	0.4	19,520	0.2
Assyrian	0	0.0	835	0.0
Igbo	30	0.0	880	0.0
Byelorussian	185	0.1	2,825	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0	70	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	0.0	430	0.0
Abenaki	475	0.2	16,400	0.2
Moldovan	625	0.2	9,595	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	355	0.1	8,890	0.1
New Zealander	15	0.0	625	0.0
Sudanese	45	0.0	500	0.0
Breton	585	0.2	15,500	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0.0	140	0.0
Malaysian	75	0.0	840	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0.0	180	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	580	0.2	10,290	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	415	0.2	12,745	0.2
Saskatchewanian	10	0.0	245	0.0
Buddhist	25	0.0	1,365	0.0
Gaspesian	470	0.2	14,470	0.2
Norman	285	0.1	11,125	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0.0	475	0.0
Ivorian	955	0.4	11,565	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0.0	155	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0.0	1,485	0.0
Burundian	420	0.2	7,640	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0.0	410	0.0
Nicaraguan	140	0.1	2,845	0.0
Mauritian	520	0.2	5,770	0.1
Kenyan	0	0.0	525	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	65	0.0
Vincentian	55	0.0	3,135	0.0
Jordanian	50	0.0	1,455	0.0
Manitoban	10	0.0	480	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0	205	0.0
Rwandan	340	0.1	6,315	0.1
Grenadian	30	0.0	1,445	0.0
Malayali	0	0.0	450	0.0
Chaldean	0	0.0	265	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0.0	520	0.0
Mayan	90	0.0	3,420	0.0
Honduran	110	0.0	4,025	0.0
Cherokee	0	0.0	640	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	55	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0.0	500	0.0
Flemish	40	0.0	1,595	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0.0	340	0.0
Senegalese	510	0.2	8,040	0.1
Azerbaijani	40	0.0	990	0.0
Sicilian	100	0.0	2,155	0.0
Pashtun	65	0.0	750	0.0
Malay	10	0.0	495	0.0
Goan	0	0.0	300	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	250	0.1	4,405	0.1
Tibetan	55	0.0	260	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	0.0	425	0.0
Burmese	20	0.0	580	0.0
Mongolian	55	0.0	1,165	0.0
Azorean	70	0.0	2,010	0.0
Atikamekw	115	0.0	8,265	0.1
Bamileke	790	0.3	6,515	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0	180	0.0
Ugandan	0	0.0	240	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	90	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0.0	485	0.0
Yemeni	10	0.0	795	0.0
Central African	375	0.1	5,620	0.1
Libyan	70	0.0	980	0.0
Basque	125	0.0	3,800	0.0
Uruguayan	115	0.0	1,995	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	235	0.1	1,870	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	95	0.0	1,975	0.0
Igorot	0	0.0	340	0.0
Fulani	415	0.2	5,445	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0.0	50	0.0
Guinean	300	0.1	5,530	0.1
St. Lucian	20	0.0	520	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0	115	0.0
Maliseet	115	0.0	3,070	0.0
Beninese	385	0.2	4,790	0.1
Telugu	30	0.0	320	0.0
Roma	25	0.0	525	0.0
Costa Rican	45	0.0	1,815	0.0
African Nova Scotian	30	0.0	365	0.0
Malagasy	410	0.2	5,215	0.1
Kashmiri	25	0.0	280	0.0
Singaporean	0	0.0	160	0.0
Karen	0	0.0	55	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	425	0.0
Tajik	50	0.0	635	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0	160	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0	315	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	250,430	100.0	8,308,480	100.0
Buddhist	1,710	0.7	48,365	0.6
Christian	151,155	60.4	5,385,240	64.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	16,035	6.4	464,020	5.6
Anabaptist	0	0.0	800	0.0
Anglican	1,040	0.4	55,290	0.7
Baptist	1,345	0.5	33,755	0.4
Catholic	118,865	47.5	4,472,555	53.8
Christian Orthodox	5,060	2.0	145,805	1.8
Jehovah's Witness	1,275	0.5	27,970	0.3
Latter Day Saints	595	0.2	4,600	0.1
Lutheran	125	0.0	4,875	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	75	0.0	2,255	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,620	0.6	39,700	0.5
Presbyterian	300	0.1	8,010	0.1
Reformed	40	0.0	1,220	0.0
United Church	390	0.2	19,595	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,395	1.8	104,790	1.3
Hindu	1,180	0.5	47,390	0.6
Jewish	320	0.1	84,530	1.0
Muslim	20,530	8.2	421,710	5.1
Sikh	135	0.1	23,345	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0.0	3,790	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	940	0.4	26,385	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	74,445	29.7	2,267,720	27.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	247,845	100.0	8,228,540	100.0
Non-movers	218,125	88.0	7,283,250	88.5
Movers	29,725	12.0	945,290	11.5
Non-migrants	15,865	6.4	543,670	6.6
Migrants	13,860	5.6	401,625	4.9
Internal migrants	12,330	5.0	349,095	4.2
Intraprovincial migrants	11,580	4.7	321,005	3.9
Interprovincial migrants	745	0.3	28,085	0.3
External migrants	1,535	0.6	52,530	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	236,765	100.0	7,886,185	100.0
Non-movers	133,085	56.2	4,810,540	61.0
Movers	103,680	43.8	3,075,650	39.0
Non-migrants	42,590	18.0	1,312,590	16.6
Migrants	61,090	25.8	1,763,060	22.4
Internal migrants	47,500	20.1	1,442,970	18.3
Intraprovincial migrants	45,655	19.3	1,359,165	17.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,845	0.8	83,805	1.1
External migrants	13,595	5.7	320,090	4.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	207,820	100.0	6,918,730	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	42,340	20.4	1,426,055	20.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	165,485	79.6	5,492,670	79.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	136,620	100.0	4,434,525	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,705	14.4	642,800	14.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	116,915	85.6	3,791,730	85.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	207,820	100.0	6,918,730	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	37,150	17.9	1,256,550	18.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	44,825	21.6	1,482,020	21.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	125,850	60.6	4,180,150	60.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	74,245	35.7	2,551,215	36.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	29,680	14.3	1,096,360	15.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	21,710	10.4	793,030	11.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,975	3.8	303,330	4.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	35,405	17.0	1,202,040	17.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,160	4.4	252,815	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	51,610	24.8	1,628,940	23.5
Bachelor's degree	32,000	15.4	1,011,695	14.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,570	2.7	149,425	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	885	0.4	43,755	0.6
Master's degree	11,490	5.5	360,795	5.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,660	0.8	63,270	0.9
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	136,620	100.0	4,434,525	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,015	11.7	525,155	11.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,295	17.1	752,855	17.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	97,305	71.2	3,156,515	71.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	54,135	39.6	1,849,290	41.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	22,620	16.6	836,455	18.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,635	12.2	609,895	13.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,990	4.4	226,565	5.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,770	18.1	838,140	18.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,750	4.9	174,695	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	43,165	31.6	1,307,225	29.5
Bachelor's degree	26,255	19.2	802,755	18.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,795	3.5	119,460	2.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	700	0.5	33,445	0.8
Master's degree	10,060	7.4	302,065	6.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,350	1.0	49,500	1.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	207,825	100.0	6,918,725	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	81,965	39.4	2,738,575	39.6
Education	7,445	3.6	292,470	4.2
13. Education	7,445	3.6	292,470	4.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,720	2.8	166,900	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,025	0.5	23,530	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	4,700	2.3	143,365	2.1
Humanities	7,275	3.5	228,770	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,240	0.6	35,440	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	395	0.2	14,855	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,400	1.6	107,105	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	0.0	2,195	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	325	0.2	11,135	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	390	0.2	9,385	0.1
54. History	500	0.2	17,420	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	995	0.5	31,240	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	13,435	6.5	430,845	6.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	205	0.1	4,980	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,155	1.0	57,080	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,460	1.2	79,155	1.1
22. Legal professions and studies	2,600	1.3	77,880	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	345	0.2	12,015	0.2
42. Psychology	1,860	0.9	65,230	0.9
45. Social sciences	3,810	1.8	134,510	1.9
Business, management and public administration	30,475	14.7	950,820	13.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0.0	780	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,375	0.7	55,355	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	29,075	14.0	894,690	12.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,610	2.2	158,655	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,530	0.7	57,680	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	770	0.4	25,605	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	450	0.2	24,115	0.3
40. Physical sciences	1,560	0.8	42,530	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	300	0.1	8,730	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	6,965	3.4	177,780	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	6,020	2.9	147,845	2.1
25. Library science	315	0.2	11,610	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	520	0.3	15,160	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	100	0.0	3,170	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25,145	12.1	866,885	12.5
04. Architecture and related services	1,155	0.6	33,975	0.5
14. Engineering	7,060	3.4	181,290	2.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,825	2.3	161,440	2.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0	180	0.0
46. Construction trades	5,185	2.5	189,550	2.7
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,100	2.0	179,610	2.6
48. Precision production	2,815	1.4	120,835	1.7
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,630	0.8	99,230	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,160	0.6	64,510	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	470	0.2	34,715	0.5
Health and related fields	15,370	7.4	515,215	7.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	840	0.4	29,140	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	14,210	6.8	470,150	6.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0.0	845	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	295	0.1	15,080	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,770	3.7	291,295	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,455	2.1	154,335	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	0.0	355	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	0.0	1,450	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,375	0.7	57,625	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,910	0.9	77,545	1.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0.0	1,280	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	136,620	100.0	4,434,525	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,315	28.8	1,278,015	28.8
Education	5,020	3.7	195,595	4.4
13. Education	5,020	3.7	195,595	4.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,480	3.3	129,065	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	790	0.6	18,205	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	3,695	2.7	110,860	2.5
Humanities	4,780	3.5	144,140	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	935	0.7	26,015	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	305	0.2	10,825	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,025	1.5	61,125	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0.0	1,415	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	185	0.1	7,300	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	0.2	4,765	0.1
54. History	370	0.3	12,190	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	710	0.5	20,500	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,740	7.9	334,475	7.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	160	0.1	3,905	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,785	1.3	47,510	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,085	1.5	64,690	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	2,075	1.5	59,965	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	240	0.2	8,380	0.2
42. Psychology	1,390	1.0	48,920	1.1
45. Social sciences	3,000	2.2	101,105	2.3
Business, management and public administration	24,345	17.8	741,390	16.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0.0	545	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,080	0.8	43,070	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	23,245	17.0	697,775	15.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,215	2.4	102,055	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,265	0.9	46,430	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	375	0.3	13,010	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	150	0.1	5,205	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,180	0.9	31,410	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	250	0.2	6,010	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,945	4.4	147,350	3.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	5,300	3.9	126,845	2.9
25. Library science	210	0.2	7,990	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	355	0.3	10,365	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80	0.1	2,145	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	19,690	14.4	665,365	15.0
04. Architecture and related services	940	0.7	27,250	0.6
14. Engineering	6,295	4.6	152,450	3.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,575	2.6	121,270	2.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0	170	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,850	2.8	142,000	3.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,055	2.2	133,660	3.0
48. Precision production	1,980	1.4	88,560	2.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,420	1.0	79,190	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	990	0.7	51,620	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	430	0.3	27,565	0.6
Health and related fields	11,595	8.5	387,725	8.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	705	0.5	22,615	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,630	7.8	352,905	8.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0.0	730	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	235	0.2	11,475	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,060	4.4	229,120	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,390	2.5	120,395	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0	280	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	0.0	900	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,095	0.8	45,820	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,555	1.1	61,730	1.4
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0.0	1,040	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	136,620	100.0	4,434,525	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,315	28.8	1,278,015	28.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	97,310	71.2	3,156,515	71.2
Location of study inside Canada	79,390	58.1	2,742,030	61.8
Same as province or territory of residence	77,610	56.8	2,625,165	59.2
Different than province or territory of residence	1,775	1.3	116,855	2.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	17,920	13.1	414,490	9.3
Americas	4,635	3.4	81,780	1.8
United States of America	530	0.4	22,720	0.5
Mexico	440	0.3	9,685	0.2
Cuba	240	0.2	3,325	0.1
Haiti	565	0.4	9,100	0.2
Jamaica	0	0.0	215	0.0
Brazil	560	0.4	8,640	0.2
Colombia	1,205	0.9	11,880	0.3
Peru	330	0.2	3,210	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	295	0.2	3,615	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	465	0.3	9,395	0.2
Europe	5,410	4.0	138,260	3.1
Belgium	195	0.1	4,415	0.1
France	2,640	1.9	77,225	1.7
Germany	65	0.0	2,410	0.1
Netherlands	30	0.0	935	0.0
Switzerland	40	0.0	2,520	0.1
Hungary	15	0.0	370	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	315	0.2	5,245	0.1
Poland	35	0.0	1,700	0.0
Romania	735	0.5	10,370	0.2
Russian Federation	340	0.2	5,330	0.1
Ukraine	255	0.2	4,615	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0	465	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	215	0.2	8,955	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0	715	0.0
Italy	50	0.0	2,330	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0.0	345	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	440	0.3	10,325	0.2
Africa	5,310	3.9	95,260	2.1
Nigeria	65	0.0	1,835	0.0
Algeria	1,475	1.1	30,560	0.7
Morocco	1,070	0.8	19,240	0.4
Tunisia	355	0.3	10,865	0.2
Egypt	190	0.1	6,245	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	20	0.0	585	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	2,135	1.6	25,925	0.6
Asia	2,510	1.8	96,865	2.2
Iran⁸⁸	290	0.2	9,440	0.2
Iraq	0	0.0	795	0.0
Israel	40	0.0	1,315	0.0
Lebanon	140	0.1	9,840	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	30	0.0	5,960	0.1
Turkey	10	0.0	1,210	0.0
China⁹⁰	755	0.6	20,740	0.5
Taiwan	25	0.0	665	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0	405	0.0
Japan	45	0.0	1,395	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	110	0.1	2,275	0.1
Philippines	155	0.1	14,170	0.3
Viet Nam	45	0.0	1,730	0.0
Bangladesh	15	0.0	2,530	0.1
Sri Lanka	20	0.0	970	0.0
India	395	0.3	13,730	0.3
Pakistan	60	0.0	2,210	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	385	0.3	7,490	0.2
Oceania	45	0.0	2,325	0.1
Australia	30	0.0	1,795	0.0
New Zealand	15	0.0	400	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0.0	130	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	207,820	...	6,918,730	...
In the labour force	135,540	...	4,435,465	...
Employed	125,030	...	4,100,450	...
Unemployed	10,510	...	335,015	...
Not in the labour force	72,280	...	2,483,265	...
Participation rate	65.2	65.2	64.1	64.1
Employment rate	60.2	60.2	59.3	59.3
Unemployment rate	7.8	7.8	7.6	7.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	207,825	100.0	6,918,725	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	72,585	34.9	2,442,685	35.3
Worked	135,240	65.1	4,476,045	64.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	71,450	34.4	2,360,025	34.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	63,790	30.7	2,116,020	30.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.2	41.3	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	135,545	100.0	4,435,460	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,225	2.4	90,550	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	132,315	97.6	4,344,910	98.0
Employee	119,350	88.1	3,814,195	86.0
Permanent position	101,580	74.9	3,190,685	71.9
Temporary position	17,765	13.1	623,510	14.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	6,755	5.0	217,905	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	11,005	8.1	405,605	9.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,965	9.6	530,720	12.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	135,545	100.0	4,435,460	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,225	2.4	90,550	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	132,315	97.6	4,344,910	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,795	1.3	79,745	1.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	27,075	20.0	778,905	17.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	13,115	9.7	360,495	8.1
3 Health occupations	10,935	8.1	359,665	8.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15,385	11.4	558,725	12.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,785	3.5	146,560	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	33,460	24.7	1,064,155	24.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	19,830	14.6	702,290	15.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	845	0.6	86,625	2.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,080	3.7	207,740	4.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	135,545	100.0	4,435,460	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,225	2.4	90,550	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	132,315	97.6	4,344,910	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	330	0.2	79,050	1.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	210	0.2	24,890	0.6
22 Utilities	1,280	0.9	31,005	0.7
23 Construction	7,750	5.7	296,035	6.7
31-33 Manufacturing	11,635	8.6	449,115	10.1
41 Wholesale trade	4,605	3.4	147,340	3.3
44-45 Retail trade	16,750	12.4	514,090	11.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,215	5.3	209,445	4.7
51 Information and cultural industries	4,525	3.3	94,130	2.1
52 Finance and insurance	6,930	5.1	169,985	3.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,955	1.4	63,030	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	12,045	8.9	345,345	7.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	235	0.2	5,605	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	6,510	4.8	171,345	3.9
61 Educational services	9,405	6.9	340,885	7.7
62 Health care and social assistance	19,315	14.2	617,200	13.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,155	1.6	72,700	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	6,745	5.0	232,480	5.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,205	3.8	190,470	4.3
91 Public administration	7,505	5.5	290,765	6.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	143,715	100.0	4,747,110	100.0
English	6,845	4.8	350,525	7.4
French	88,475	61.6	3,032,290	63.9
Non-official language	440	0.3	18,820	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0	4,175	0.1
Non-Indigenous	440	0.3	14,650	0.3
English and French	45,165	31.4	1,245,535	26.2
English and non-official language(s)	385	0.3	25,875	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	705	0.5	20,370	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,680	1.2	52,970	1.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	0.0	725	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	143,715	100.0	4,747,110	100.0
Single responses	134,875	93.8	4,477,745	94.3
Official languages	134,120	93.3	4,441,500	93.6
English	14,900	10.4	668,485	14.1
French	119,220	83.0	3,773,015	79.5
Non-official languages	755	0.5	36,245	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0	10,220	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0.0	6,520	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0	6,480	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0.0	1,015	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0	3,730	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	110	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	760	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	10	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	20	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	2,830	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0	1,570	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	155	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	20	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	20	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	20	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	20	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	3,690	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	3,690	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	755	0.5	26,030	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	0.0	2,465	0.1
Berber languages	0	0.0	35	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0	30	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	0.0	2,425	0.1
Amharic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arabic	25	0.0	2,235	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0	160	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	0.0	1,640	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0.0	315	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0.0	1,325	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0	150	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	10	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0	120	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	15	0.0
Creole languages	10	0.0	330	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0.0	325	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0	160	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	10	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	150	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	420	0.3	13,485	0.3
Albanian	0	0.0	15	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	310	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	0.0	1,025	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	0.0	1,025	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	55	0.0
Czech	0	0.0	15	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0	135	0.0
Russian	35	0.0	735	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0	30	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0	10	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0	20	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0	55	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0	1,420	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0	1,345	0.0
German	0	0.0	300	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0	35	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	1,000	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0	35	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0	35	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	10	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0	40	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	15	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	15	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	15	0.0	420	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	0.0	2,550	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0	1,950	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	115	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	35	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0	145	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	1,480	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0	160	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	10	0.0
Iranian languages	50	0.0	600	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	25	0.0
Persian languages	50	0.0	570	0.0
Dari	45	0.0	185	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0	365	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0	25	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	300	0.2	7,725	0.2
Catalan	0	0.0	10	0.0
Italian	0	0.0	445	0.0
Portuguese	10	0.0	485	0.0
Romanian	30	0.0	230	0.0
Spanish	255	0.2	6,530	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	35	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0	220	0.0
Korean	15	0.0	370	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0	90	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0	15	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0	15	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0	10	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0	35	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	10	0.0
Sign languages	10	0.0	325	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0	30	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0.0	265	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	20	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	230	0.2	6,580	0.1
Chinese languages	230	0.2	6,580	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mandarin	150	0.1	4,285	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	75	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	0.1	2,195	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	25	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0	50	0.0
Lao	0	0.0	10	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	40	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0	140	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0	135	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0	20	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	10	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0	15	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,845	6.2	269,365	5.7
English and French	8,305	5.8	249,945	5.3
English and non-official language(s)	140	0.1	7,150	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	240	0.2	6,010	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	0.1	6,165	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	90	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	143,715	100.0	4,747,110	100.0
None	104,070	72.4	3,655,520	77.0
English	29,750	20.7	720,960	15.2
French	7,815	5.4	302,145	6.4
Non-official language	985	0.7	32,245	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0	3,025	0.1
Non-Indigenous	985	0.7	29,220	0.6
English and French	55	0.0	2,520	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	755	0.5	19,400	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	225	0.2	11,070	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0.0	280	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	0.0	2,965	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	125,030	100.0	4,100,450	100.0
Worked at home	30,435	24.3	897,770	21.9
Worked outside Canada	195	0.2	8,355	0.2
No fixed workplace address	13,010	10.4	442,035	10.8
Usual place of work	81,390	65.1	2,752,285	67.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	81,390	100.0	2,752,285	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	33,810	41.5	1,475,055	53.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	16,195	19.9	419,210	15.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	31,295	38.5	823,150	29.9
Commute to a different province or territory	90	0.1	34,875	1.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	94,400	100.0	3,194,325	100.0
Car, truck or van	72,765	77.1	2,633,265	82.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	68,115	72.2	2,482,735	77.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,655	4.9	150,535	4.7
Public transit	14,695	15.6	287,345	9.0
Walked	4,320	4.6	178,645	5.6
Bicycle	1,305	1.4	40,420	1.3
Other method	1,315	1.4	54,645	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	94,400	100.0	3,194,325	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,755	23.0	1,005,850	31.5
15 to 29 minutes	37,075	39.3	1,110,975	34.8
30 to 44 minutes	20,810	22.0	635,870	19.9
45 to 59 minutes	8,325	8.8	235,140	7.4
60 minutes and over	6,430	6.8	206,480	6.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	94,400	100.0	3,194,325	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,160	7.6	241,420	7.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	16,430	17.4	569,745	17.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	25,330	26.8	935,640	29.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	17,690	18.7	626,895	19.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	11,025	11.7	330,930	10.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	16,765	17.8	489,685	15.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	50,995	100.0	1,677,585	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,885	15.5	303,835	18.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	43,110	84.5	1,373,745	81.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	36,290	100.0	1,222,970	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,880	16.2	230,080	18.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	4,635	12.8	175,305	14.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,245	3.4	54,775	4.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30,405	83.8	992,895	81.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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