Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Longueuil, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	254,483	...	...
Population, 2016¹	239,897^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	117,006	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	113,086	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,198.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	115.77	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	254,480	124,610	129,875
0 to 14 years	42,645	21,785	20,865
0 to 4 years	13,740	6,990	6,755
5 to 9 years	14,755	7,545	7,210
10 to 14 years	14,150	7,250	6,900
15 to 64 years	163,570	81,650	81,920
15 to 19 years	12,475	6,350	6,125
20 to 24 years	13,995	6,975	7,025
25 to 29 years	16,690	8,480	8,210
30 to 34 years	17,350	8,685	8,660
35 to 39 years	18,170	8,895	9,270
40 to 44 years	18,450	9,415	9,035
45 to 49 years	16,165	8,170	7,995
50 to 54 years	15,145	7,555	7,585
55 to 59 years	17,610	8,690	8,925
60 to 64 years	17,525	8,425	9,100
65 years and over	48,270	21,175	27,090
65 to 69 years	15,250	7,225	8,025
70 to 74 years	12,780	5,560	7,220
75 to 79 years	9,440	4,310	5,125
80 to 84 years	5,820	2,350	3,470
85 years and over	4,980	1,730	3,250
85 to 89 years	3,235	1,260	1,975
90 to 94 years	1,355	420	940
95 to 99 years	340	50	290
100 years and over	55	10	40
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.5	16.1
15 to 64 years	64.3	65.5	63.1
65 years and over	19.0	17.0	20.9
85 years and over	2.0	1.4	2.5
Average age of the population	41.7	40.6	42.8
Median age of the population	41.6	40.4	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	113,085	...	...
Single-detached house	36,095	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,790	...	...
Row house	3,490	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,210	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	55,555	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,840	...	...
Other single-attached house	555	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	555	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	113,085	...	...
1 person	40,730	...	...
2 persons	37,340	...	...
3 persons	15,250	...	...
4 persons	12,750	...	...
5 or more persons	7,020	...	...
Number of persons in private households	250,425	123,195	127,230
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	211,840	102,825	109,015
Married or living common-law	112,640	56,470	56,175
Married	68,655	34,410	34,240
Living common-law	43,985	22,060	21,930
Living common law - Never married	36,060	18,100	17,960
Living common law - Separated	510	255	255
Living common law - Divorced	6,710	3,390	3,315
Living common law - Widowed	705	305	400
Not married and not living common-law	99,195	46,355	52,845
Not married and not living common law - Never married	68,015	36,320	31,695
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,735	1,610	2,130
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	16,775	5,880	10,900
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10,670	2,540	8,125
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	68,760	...	...
2 persons	36,470	...	...
3 persons	14,440	...	...
4 persons	12,200	...	...
5 or more persons	5,655	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	68,765	...	...
Total couple families	55,090	...	...
Married couples	33,110	...	...
With children⁶	17,055	...	...
Without children	16,055	...	...
Common-law couples	21,980	...	...
With children⁶	10,095	...	...
Without children	11,885	...	...
Total one-parent families	13,670	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	10,460	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	3,215	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	250,425	123,195	127,235
Total - Persons in census families	195,245	96,095	99,150
Married spouses or common-law partners	110,180	55,210	54,970
Parents in one-parent families	13,675	3,215	10,455
Children⁶	71,390	37,670	33,720
In a two-parent family	50,865	26,655	24,210
In a one-parent family	20,525	11,015	9,510
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	55,185	27,105	28,085
Living alone	40,730	19,265	21,470
Living with other relatives⁷	5,955	2,630	3,325
Living with non-relatives only	8,500	5,210	3,295
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	113,085	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	63,140	...	...
Couple-family households	51,550	...	...
With children⁶	25,375	...	...
Without children	26,180	...	...
One-parent-family households	11,590	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,755	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	320	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,510	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,630	...	...
One-person households	40,735	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	207,820	101,440	106,380
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	201,875	98,500	103,375
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	201,960	98,540	103,420
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	38,800	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	180,125	89,820	90,310
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,600	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	147,805	76,245	71,570
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,800	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	167,965	77,760	90,200
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300	9,800	12,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,895	12,140	11,755
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,680	31,170	28,510
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	207,820	101,445	106,380
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	201,855	98,495	103,365
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,160	54,700	43,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	201,905	98,505	103,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,600	44,160	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	180,240	89,930	90,305
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,360	36,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	147,805	76,350	71,455
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,520	49,640	39,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	168,115	77,785	90,325
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,300	11,030	13,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,845	11,995	11,850
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,850	6,000	7,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,045	30,795	28,250
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,390	8,280	8,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	207,820	101,440	106,380
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	69,945	37,695	32,250
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	62,400	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,200	73,000	60,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	60,855	29,690	31,170
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	21,600	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,040	30,560	23,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.2	84.0	73.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.4	70.4	61.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.8	15.9	26.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8	5.3	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.0	4.7	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	207,820	101,440	106,380
Without total income	5,945	2,940	3,005
With total income	201,875	98,500	103,375
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,810	6,270	7,540
$10,000 to $19,999	23,330	9,775	13,560
$20,000 to $29,999	33,235	14,140	19,090
$30,000 to $39,999	27,725	12,920	14,805
$40,000 to $49,999	26,765	12,970	13,795
$50,000 to $59,999	21,610	10,640	10,975
$60,000 to $69,999	15,435	8,040	7,395
$70,000 to $79,999	11,030	6,115	4,915
$80,000 to $89,999	8,485	4,775	3,705
$90,000 to $99,999	5,745	3,255	2,490
$100,000 and over	14,705	9,595	5,110
$100,000 to $149,999	10,880	6,920	3,955
$150,000 and over	3,825	2,670	1,155
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	207,820	101,440	106,380
Without after-tax income	5,860	2,900	2,965
With after-tax income	201,960	98,545	103,420
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,700	6,555	8,140
$10,000 to $19,999	24,600	10,380	14,220
$20,000 to $29,999	39,445	17,225	22,215
$30,000 to $39,999	34,905	16,965	17,940
$40,000 to $49,999	31,390	15,760	15,625
$50,000 to $59,999	21,150	10,990	10,160
$60,000 to $69,999	13,915	7,440	6,470
$70,000 to $79,999	8,520	4,700	3,825
$80,000 to $89,999	4,940	2,980	1,965
$90,000 to $99,999	2,910	1,825	1,085
$100,000 and over	5,490	3,725	1,765
$100,000 to $124,999	3,205	2,110	1,090
$125,000 and over	2,285	1,610	675
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	207,820	101,440	106,380
Without employment income	60,010	25,200	34,815
With employment income	147,810	76,240	71,565
Under $5,000 (including loss)	19,240	9,690	9,555
$5,000 to $9,999	11,980	5,395	6,585
$10,000 to $19,999	17,800	7,885	9,910
$20,000 to $29,999	15,020	6,980	8,040
$30,000 to $39,999	15,095	7,420	7,675
$40,000 to $49,999	15,540	7,735	7,805
$50,000 to $59,999	13,155	6,980	6,175
$60,000 to $69,999	9,895	5,550	4,340
$70,000 to $79,999	7,750	4,525	3,225
$80,000 to $89,999	6,455	3,630	2,820
$90,000 to $99,999	4,255	2,625	1,630
$100,000 and over	11,625	7,820	3,805
$100,000 to $124,999	6,075	3,925	2,145
$125,000 and over	5,555	3,895	1,660
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	207,820	101,440	106,380
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	197,930	96,460	101,475
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,400	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	198,010	96,470	101,540
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,200	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	177,265	88,430	88,835
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,400	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	146,920	75,655	71,270
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,200	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	153,165	69,450	83,715
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,200	4,280	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	19,295	10,005	9,290
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,760	4,360	5,360
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	207,820	101,445	106,380
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	197,935	96,345	101,590
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,120	52,000	40,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	198,030	96,365	101,670
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,120	41,880	34,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	177,180	88,305	88,870
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,640	36,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	146,745	75,635	71,115
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,560	50,120	38,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	153,375	69,305	84,075
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,150	7,740	10,310
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,235	9,825	9,415
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,840	5,620	8,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	207,820	101,440	106,380
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	69,530	37,430	32,100
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	58,800	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,350	68,800	54,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	56,715	27,705	29,010
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	28,000	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,280	36,760	28,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.6	89.2	79.0
Employment income (%)	71.6	75.6	66.6
Government transfers (%)	15.4	10.7	21.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	113,085	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	40,735	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	72,355	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	113,085	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	40,720	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,360	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	72,365	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	113,085	...	...
Under $5,000	900	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	675	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,515	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,610	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	6,200	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,215	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,405	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,815	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5,420	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5,450	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10,045	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	8,955	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	8,045	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,390	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,510	...	...
$100,000 and over	35,930	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	12,625	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,605	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	8,795	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,910	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	113,085	...	...
Under $5,000	1,015	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	715	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,550	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,725	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	6,740	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5,330	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5,470	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	6,390	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	6,675	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	6,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	11,350	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10,065	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	8,995	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,820	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,590	...	...
$100,000 and over	25,345	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,700	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,515	...	...
$150,000 and over	7,135	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	69,125	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	26,440	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	27,260	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	13,150	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	49,235	24,475	24,760
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	41,600	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	36,400	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	69,230	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	26,550	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	27,225	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,180	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	49,035	24,365	24,665
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,560	48,600	42,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,240	40,080	36,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	250,430	123,195	127,235
0 to 17 years	50,180	25,615	24,570
0 to 5 years	16,670	8,495	8,180
18 to 64 years	155,385	77,410	77,975
65 years and over	44,860	20,165	24,695
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	29,755	13,605	16,155
0 to 17 years	5,825	2,960	2,860
0 to 5 years	1,985	990	995
18 to 64 years	15,625	7,760	7,870
65 years and over	8,305	2,885	5,420
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.9	11.0	12.7
0 to 17 years (%)	11.6	11.6	11.7
0 to 5 years (%)	11.9	11.7	12.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.1	10.0	10.1
65 years and over (%)	18.5	14.3	21.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	250,430	123,195	127,235
0 to 17 years	50,180	25,610	24,565
0 to 5 years	16,670	8,495	8,180
18 to 64 years	155,385	77,415	77,970
65 years and over	44,865	20,170	24,695
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	17,200	8,475	8,725
0 to 17 years	3,090	1,545	1,545
0 to 5 years	1,040	510	530
18 to 64 years	11,170	5,880	5,285
65 years and over	2,940	1,050	1,890
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.9	6.9	6.9
0 to 17 years (%)	6.2	6.0	6.3
0 to 5 years (%)	6.2	6.0	6.5
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	7.6	6.8
65 years and over (%)	6.6	5.2	7.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	250,430	123,195	127,235
In bottom half of the distribution	145,435	69,740	75,695
In bottom decile	26,010	12,220	13,790
In second decile	27,585	12,810	14,770
In third decile	31,335	14,985	16,350
In fourth decile	31,165	15,215	15,945
In fifth decile	29,335	14,510	14,825
In top half of the distribution	104,995	53,450	51,545
In sixth decile	27,380	13,775	13,610
In seventh decile	25,620	13,005	12,615
In eighth decile	21,820	11,125	10,695
In ninth decile	17,785	9,095	8,685
In top decile	12,390	6,455	5,930
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	250,430	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.307	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.437	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.263	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	251,825	123,715	128,105
English only	8,635	4,485	4,145
French only	108,890	49,215	59,675
English and French	131,555	68,880	62,670
Neither English nor French	2,750	1,130	1,620
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	251,825	123,715	128,105
English	23,575	12,015	11,565
French	211,740	103,405	108,335
English and French	13,860	7,225	6,640
Neither English nor French	2,650	1,075	1,575
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	251,825	123,715	128,105
Single responses	240,445	117,990	122,460
Official languages	195,640	96,195	99,440
English	14,565	7,420	7,140
French	181,075	88,780	92,295
Non-official languages	44,810	21,790	23,020
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10
Algonquian languages	15	5	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	15	5	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	5	5
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	44,790	21,785	23,005
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,695	4,570	4,125
Berber languages	1,225	620	610
Kabyle	1,115	565	550
Tamazight	100	50	50
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10
Chadic languages	65	30	30
Hausa	25	15	10
Mina	35	15	15
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	25	15	15
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	25	15	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,380	3,900	3,480
Amharic	15	10	5
Arabic	7,340	3,880	3,465
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	5
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,365	630	730
Khmer (Cambodian)	295	125	165
Vietnamese	1,065	500	565
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	605	235	365
Bikol	5	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Cebuano	25	5	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	5	15
Ilocano	25	10	15
Indonesian	30	10	20
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	195	90	100
Merina	135	65	70
Malagasy, n.o.s.	60	30	30
Malay	5	5	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	275	105	175
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10
Creole languages	3,120	1,405	1,710
Haitian Creole	2,195	965	1,230
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	395	190	205
Sango	20	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	490	230	255
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10
Dravidian languages	290	150	145
Kannada	30	15	15
Malayalam	45	25	20
Tamil	105	50	55
Telugu	120	60	60
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	24,225	11,725	12,500
Albanian	80	45	35
Armenian	80	35	45
Balto-Slavic languages	3,100	1,435	1,665
Baltic languages	20	5	15
Latvian	5	0	5
Lithuanian	15	5	15
Slavic languages	3,080	1,430	1,650
Belarusian	10	5	5
Bulgarian	375	205	175
Czech	30	10	20
Macedonian	10	5	5
Polish	350	135	210
Russian	1,800	835	970
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	170	80	85
Bosnian	10	0	10
Croatian	65	30	40
Serbian	90	45	40
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Slovak	20	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	75	30	45
Ukrainian	235	110	120
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	410	205	200
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	315	155	160
German	300	155	150
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	35	35
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	60	35	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5
Scandinavian languages	20	10	5
Danish	5	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	485	265	215
Indo-Iranian languages	3,580	1,825	1,750
Indo-Aryan languages	1,005	520	490
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	220	120	105
Gujarati	70	30	35
Hindi	195	105	95
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	0
Marathi	40	20	25
Nepali	5	0	10
Oriya languages	5	5	5
Odia	5	5	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	175	90	80
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0
Urdu	260	130	135
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Iranian languages	2,570	1,305	1,265
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	30	20	10
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	65	40	25
Persian languages	2,470	1,250	1,225
Dari	1,660	835	825
Iranian Persian	640	320	315
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	175	90	80
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	16,485	7,905	8,575
Catalan	5	5	0
Italian	985	485	495
Portuguese	1,950	940	1,015
Romanian	2,235	1,085	1,155
Spanish	11,300	5,395	5,910
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	60	15	45
Korean	230	100	125
Mongolian	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	2,175	1,090	1,085
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5
Bamanankan	115	65	55
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	50	25	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	215	105	110
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	160	85	75
Lingala	195	85	110
Luba-Kasai	20	10	10
Mòoré	50	30	25
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	340	165	170
Shona	0	5	0
Soninke	5	5	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	145	60	85
Wojenaka	35	15	20
Wolof	430	235	190
Yoruba	35	15	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	360	185	175
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	25	30
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Sign languages	65	25	35
American Sign Language	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	55	25	30
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,195	1,465	1,725
Chinese languages	3,150	1,445	1,705
Hakka	20	5	15
Mandarin	1,910	865	1,040
Min Dong	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	105	45	60
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	15	20
Yue (Cantonese)	1,005	465	540
Chinese, n.o.s.	75	50	30
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	25	25
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	45	25	25
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	370	165	205
Lao	335	155	180
Thai	30	5	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	190	95	95
Azerbaijani	5	5	5
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	155	80	80
Uyghur	20	10	10
Uzbek	5	0	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Uralic languages	135	70	65
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	5
Hungarian	130	65	60
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Multiple responses	11,375	5,735	5,645
English and French	4,460	2,280	2,175
English and non-official language(s)	1,025	505	515
French and non-official language(s)	4,585	2,290	2,300
English, French and non-official language(s)	975	495	475
Multiple non-official languages	340	160	185
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	251,825	123,715	128,105
English	13,075	6,635	6,440
French	172,310	84,170	88,140
Non-official language	13,795	6,665	7,130
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	13,795	6,665	7,130
English and French	17,190	9,035	8,155
English and non-official language(s)	3,940	1,985	1,955
French and non-official language(s)	19,950	9,490	10,465
English, French and non-official language(s)	10,900	5,440	5,460
Multiple non-official languages	670	300	370
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	251,825	123,715	128,105
Single responses	237,735	116,810	120,925
Official languages	212,080	104,400	107,685
English	18,875	9,555	9,320
French	193,210	94,840	98,365
Non-official languages	25,650	12,415	13,240
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,645	12,415	13,235
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,760	1,905	1,855
Berber languages	480	235	250
Kabyle	425	205	220
Tamazight	45	20	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Chadic languages	25	10	15
Hausa	10	5	5
Mina	15	5	5
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	5	10
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	10	5	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	3,245	1,660	1,590
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	3,230	1,655	1,575
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	770	370	395
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	60	75
Vietnamese	630	310	320
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	205	100	110
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	5	10
Indonesian	15	5	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	65	30	35
Merina	30	15	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	20
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	55	55
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	1,340	585	760
Haitian Creole	890	370	520
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	210	100	110
Sango	15	10	5
Creole, n.o.s.	220	95	120
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5
Dravidian languages	180	95	85
Kannada	10	5	10
Malayalam	20	15	10
Tamil	70	35	35
Telugu	70	35	35
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15,630	7,575	8,055
Albanian	50	25	25
Armenian	35	15	20
Balto-Slavic languages	2,130	1,040	1,085
Baltic languages	5	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	0
Slavic languages	2,125	1,040	1,085
Belarusian	10	5	5
Bulgarian	285	150	135
Czech	10	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	115	45	70
Russian	1,455	720	740
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	55	20	35
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	25	5	15
Serbian	30	15	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	5	15
Ukrainian	155	80	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	50	30	20
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	35	25	10
German	35	25	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	215	95	115
Indo-Iranian languages	2,505	1,240	1,270
Indo-Aryan languages	605	290	315
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	135	70	65
Gujarati	25	15	15
Hindi	115	55	60
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	10
Nepali	5	0	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	50	65
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5
Urdu	170	80	90
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	1,895	945	955
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	20	5	10
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	40	20	20
Persian languages	1,835	915	920
Dari	1,175	590	590
Iranian Persian	535	265	275
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	120	65	55
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,645	5,125	5,520
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	215	90	125
Portuguese	1,105	530	580
Romanian	1,500	740	760
Spanish	7,820	3,765	4,055
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	5	15
Korean	170	80	90
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	645	310	330
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	35	15	20
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	30	25
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	25	35
Lingala	65	25	35
Luba-Kasai	5	0	5
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	150	80	75
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	50	20	30
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	175	105	75
Yoruba	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	5
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	95	50	45
American Sign Language	15	5	10
Quebec Sign Language	60	35	25
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,465	1,170	1,300
Chinese languages	2,435	1,155	1,285
Hakka	10	5	5
Mandarin	1,565	745	825
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	65	30	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	10	15
Yue (Cantonese)	715	335	380
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	40	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	15
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	25	10	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	200	95	110
Lao	195	95	105
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	110	50	60
Azerbaijani	5	5	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	95	50	55
Uyghur	10	0	5
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	25	30
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	50	25	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	14,090	6,905	7,180
English and French	5,060	2,555	2,505
English and non-official language(s)	1,375	680	695
French and non-official language(s)	6,075	2,905	3,175
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,460	710	755
Multiple non-official languages	110	55	55
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	251,825	123,715	128,110
None	210,225	102,895	107,330
English	12,185	6,450	5,730
French	10,275	4,975	5,300
Non-official language	10,835	5,190	5,645
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10,830	5,190	5,645
English and French	2,500	1,290	1,210
English and non-official language(s)	3,360	1,705	1,660
French and non-official language(s)	1,485	715	770
English, French and non-official language(s)	275	140	135
Multiple non-official languages	685	355	325
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	250,430	123,195	127,230
Official languages	247,625	121,965	125,660
English	139,450	72,860	66,590
French	239,190	117,595	121,595
Non-official languages	69,775	33,865	35,905
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	20	35
Algonquian languages	30	15	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	30	10	20
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	10	10	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	10	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	0	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	69,730	33,850	35,885
Afro-Asiatic languages	13,900	7,240	6,660
Berber languages	2,180	1,085	1,095
Kabyle	1,915	960	960
Tamazight	230	115	115
Berber languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25
Chadic languages	190	85	105
Hausa	60	35	30
Mina	130	50	80
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	20	10
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	25	20	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	12,750	6,695	6,065
Amharic	15	10	10
Arabic	12,535	6,610	5,925
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	200	75	125
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	10	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,705	795	910
Khmer (Cambodian)	410	185	225
Vietnamese	1,340	635	710
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	965	395	565
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10
Cebuano	20	0	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10
Ilocano	40	15	25
Indonesian	55	15	40
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	325	180	140
Merina	225	115	110
Malagasy, n.o.s.	105	65	35
Malay	25	15	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	530	180	355
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	20	35
Creole languages	7,175	3,250	3,920
Haitian Creole	5,975	2,675	3,300
Jamaican English Creole	25	10	10
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	685	330	360
Sango	40	15	20
Creole, n.o.s.	785	365	420
Creole languages, n.i.e.	125	60	75
Dravidian languages	460	260	210
Kannada	50	25	30
Malayalam	80	50	25
Tamil	215	110	100
Telugu	160	90	70
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	37,910	18,435	19,475
Albanian	95	50	45
Armenian	140	50	90
Balto-Slavic languages	4,395	2,130	2,270
Baltic languages	30	10	20
Latvian	10	0	0
Lithuanian	25	10	15
Slavic languages	4,380	2,120	2,260
Belarusian	40	20	20
Bulgarian	505	275	240
Czech	50	25	25
Macedonian	40	20	15
Polish	385	195	190
Russian	3,225	1,555	1,670
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	255	120	135
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	145	55	90
Serbian	130	75	55
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Slovak	20	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	20	35
Ukrainian	470	215	250
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	30	10	20
Irish	20	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,225	620	605
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	1,030	550	480
German	1,015	550	465
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	15	0	10
Yiddish	10	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	160	75	90
Afrikaans	35	10	30
Dutch	105	60	45
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	15
Scandinavian languages	80	30	40
Danish	15	15	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	10	10
Swedish	55	20	35
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	740	390	350
Indo-Iranian languages	4,760	2,425	2,335
Indo-Aryan languages	1,900	1,005	890
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	200	110	95
Gujarati	115	65	50
Hindi	950	465	485
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	25	15	0
Konkani	10	0	10
Marathi	45	25	25
Nepali	25	0	20
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	385	220	165
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	0
Urdu	700	395	300
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30
Iranian languages	3,225	1,615	1,605
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	65	40	30
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	155	95	60
Persian languages	3,065	1,520	1,545
Dari	1,960	975	985
Iranian Persian	850	420	430
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	315	160	150
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	27,890	13,455	14,435
Catalan	25	20	0
Italian	2,485	1,270	1,215
Portuguese	3,075	1,565	1,520
Romanian	2,760	1,380	1,380
Spanish	21,015	10,010	11,010
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Japanese	295	120	175
Korean	420	160	260
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	4,770	2,305	2,470
Akan (Twi)	70	15	50
Bamanankan	295	160	135
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	120	75	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	300	135	165
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	25	10	15
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	25	15	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	320	145	175
Lingala	835	420	410
Luba-Kasai	90	50	40
Mòoré	180	100	90
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	490	175	315
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	10	10	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	540	200	335
Wojenaka	135	60	75
Wolof	875	480	395
Yoruba	205	105	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,240	615	625
Nilo-Saharan languages	85	35	50
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50
African, n.o.s.	70	45	25
Sign languages	260	115	145
American Sign Language	45	25	15
Quebec Sign Language	215	100	120
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,960	1,805	2,160
Chinese languages	3,905	1,785	2,120
Hakka	20	0	15
Mandarin	2,625	1,185	1,440
Min Dong	10	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	195	65	130
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	20	30
Yue (Cantonese)	1,455	690	770
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	35
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	25	40
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	55	25	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages	355	170	185
Lao	325	165	160
Thai	60	20	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	430	200	230
Azerbaijani	15	0	10
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	340	155	185
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15
Uralic languages	195	105	85
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	190	105	85
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	45	30
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	250,430	123,195	127,235
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,255	1,495	1,760
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,100	1,430	1,670
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,780	785	995
Métis	1,250	615	630
Inuk (Inuit)	70	20	40
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	20	15
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	120	50	80
Non-Indigenous identity	247,175	121,700	125,475
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	250,430	123,195	127,235
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	505	235	265
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	249,925	122,960	126,970
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	113,085	...	...
Owner	59,155	...	...
Renter	53,925	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	113,085	...	...
Condominium	21,540	...	...
Not condominium	91,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	113,085	...	...
No bedrooms	640	...	...
1 bedroom	20,290	...	...
2 bedrooms	39,105	...	...
3 bedrooms	35,395	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,655	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	113,085	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	49,205	...	...
5 rooms	20,885	...	...
6 rooms	10,825	...	...
7 rooms	10,800	...	...
8 or more rooms	21,370	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	113,085	...	...
One person or fewer per room	111,425	...	...
More than one person per room	1,660	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	113,085	...	...
Suitable	108,045	...	...
Not suitable	5,040	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	113,085	...	...
1960 or before	18,450	...	...
1961 to 1980	44,100	...	...
1981 to 1990	18,275	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,130	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,065	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,945	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,540	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	7,575	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	113,085	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	105,425	...	...
Major repairs needed	7,655	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	113,085	...	...
One-maintainer household	63,700	...	...
Two-maintainer household	46,440	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,945	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	113,085	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,190	...	...
25 to 34 years	16,720	...	...
35 to 44 years	21,240	...	...
45 to 54 years	19,460	...	...
55 to 64 years	22,160	...	...
65 to 74 years	17,850	...	...
75 to 84 years	9,760	...	...
85 years and over	2,700	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	112,735	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	93,215	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	19,520	...	...
30% to less than 100%	18,150	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	113,090	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	29,880	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	17,745	...	...
Not suitable only	4,025	...	...
Major repairs needed only	5,800	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	455	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,295	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	540	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...
Acceptable housing	83,205	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	111,365	...	...
In core need	9,170	...	...
Not in core need	102,190	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	59,160	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,261	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	376,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	399,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	53,930	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	907	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	250,430	123,195	127,235
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,725	1,270	1,460
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,700	1,250	1,445
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,365	1,115	1,250
Métis single ancestry	305	130	175
Inuit single ancestry	30	0	25
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	15	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	15	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,795	2,590	3,205
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,755	2,575	3,180
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,340	2,385	2,960
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	365	175	195
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	15	30
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	15	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	15	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	241,905	119,335	122,565
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	250,425	123,195	127,235
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	228,950	112,600	116,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	45,700	23,455	22,250
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	183,245	89,145	94,095
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	21,480	10,595	10,885
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	250,425	123,195	127,235
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	190,085	93,520	96,565
Immigrants⁸¹	53,070	25,875	27,190
Before 1980	5,620	2,795	2,820
1980 to 1990	4,445	2,145	2,300
1991 to 2000	6,560	3,220	3,340
2001 to 2010	15,360	7,505	7,860
2011 to 2021⁸²	21,085	10,205	10,880
2011 to 2015	11,000	5,350	5,650
2016 to 2021	10,085	4,860	5,230
Non-permanent residents⁸³	7,275	3,800	3,480
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	53,070	25,875	27,190
Under 5 years	5,490	2,780	2,710
5 to 14 years	9,120	4,590	4,530
15 to 24 years	8,040	3,500	4,540
25 to 44 years	26,920	13,235	13,680
45 years and over	3,500	1,765	1,730
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	53,070	25,875	27,190
Americas	14,025	6,500	7,530
Brazil	640	300	345
Colombia	2,340	1,085	1,250
El Salvador	390	200	190
Guyana	135	55	80
Haiti	4,465	1,960	2,510
Jamaica	100	45	50
Mexico	960	445	520
Peru	1,020	460	560
Trinidad and Tobago	165	80	85
United States of America	540	220	320
Other places of birth in Americas	3,270	1,655	1,615
Europe	11,005	5,560	5,440
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	20	20
Croatia	80	35	40
France	3,725	1,905	1,825
Germany	215	110	100
Greece	275	155	120
Hungary	70	40	30
Italy	525	270	250
Netherlands	40	20	20
Poland	210	105	105
Portugal	680	350	330
Romania	1,720	855	865
Russian Federation	575	250	330
Serbia⁸⁶	55	35	25
Ukraine	565	305	260
United Kingdom⁸⁷	295	135	155
Other places of birth in Europe	1,930	975	955
Africa	18,100	9,170	8,935
Algeria	3,800	1,905	1,895
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	865	400	465
Egypt	535	325	210
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	25	15	10
Morocco	3,760	1,995	1,770
Nigeria	60	35	25
Somalia	10	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	9,035	4,480	4,550
Asia	9,875	4,610	5,260
Afghanistan	1,410	715	700
Iran⁸⁸	645	310	340
Iraq	80	50	30
Lebanon	640	340	295
Syria⁸⁹	265	135	135
Turkey	155	90	65
China⁹⁰	1,835	820	1,015
Hong Kong⁹¹	220	85	140
Korea, South⁹²	210	75	130
Taiwan	110	55	55
Philippines	505	160	345
Viet Nam	1,000	480	520
Bangladesh	115	55	55
India	635	325	305
Pakistan	380	200	180
Sri Lanka	115	65	55
Other places of birth in Asia	1,555	655	895
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60	30	30
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	10,085	4,855	5,230
Americas	1,705	855	850
Brazil	120	55	70
Colombia	465	240	220
Haiti	370	195	175
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	135	70	60
United States of America	35	20	20
Venezuela⁹⁵	175	75	100
Other places of birth in Americas	390	195	190
Europe	1,300	645	650
France	765	400	365
Germany	20	0	15
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	10
Russian Federation	95	50	45
Ukraine	90	35	55
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	295	135	155
Africa	5,005	2,385	2,620
Algeria	675	290	390
Burundi	215	90	120
Cameroon	1,040	480	560
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	180	100	80
Côte d'Ivoire	830	400	430
Egypt	55	35	25
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0
Morocco	575	290	290
Nigeria	25	15	10
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	305	155	155
Other places of birth in Africa	1,090	540	550
Asia	2,065	955	1,110
Afghanistan	370	180	190
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	370	165	200
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	320	175	150
Iran⁸⁸	120	50	75
Iraq	25	10	10
Israel	20	10	20
Japan	20	0	20
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	85	25	55
Lebanon	60	30	25
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	115	65	50
Philippines	50	10	45
Saudi Arabia	20	10	10
Sri Lanka	10	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	170	80	90
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0
Viet Nam	80	40	40
Other places of birth in Asia	205	80	130
Oceania and other⁹³	20	20	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	20	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	250,430	123,195	127,235
First generation¹⁰⁰	61,990	30,415	31,575
Second generation¹⁰¹	32,690	16,915	15,780
Third generation or more¹⁰²	155,750	75,865	79,885
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	47,450	23,075	24,370
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	28,485	14,935	13,550
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	12,850	7,815	5,030
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	15,635	7,120	8,520
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10,825	4,270	6,560
Refugees¹⁰⁸	7,495	3,615	3,885
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	640	260	380
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	47,450	23,075	24,370
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	4,060	1,965	2,095
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,225	1,710	1,515
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,065	615	450
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,170	1,310	865
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	480	165	315
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	36,445	17,305	19,140
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	250,430	123,195	127,235
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	63,240	31,105	32,130
South Asian	2,605	1,410	1,195
Chinese	4,300	1,945	2,355
Black	24,910	12,130	12,775
Filipino	820	330	485
Arab	11,025	5,890	5,130
Latin American	11,400	5,420	5,985
Southeast Asian	2,730	1,300	1,430
West Asian	2,855	1,450	1,405
Korean	425	190	235
Japanese	145	35	110
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	605	325	275
Multiple visible minorities	1,430	680	755
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	187,190	92,085	95,105
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	250,430	123,195	127,230
Canadian	60,585	29,305	31,275
English	4,825	2,375	2,455
Irish	11,950	5,555	6,390
Scottish	5,380	2,460	2,920
French, n.o.s.¹²²	54,350	27,170	27,180
German	3,585	1,650	1,945
Chinese	4,710	2,095	2,615
Italian	7,930	3,995	3,935
Indian (India)	1,995	1,020	970
Ukrainian	1,530	720	810
Dutch	595	260	335
Polish	1,700	820	885
Québécois	27,500	13,620	13,885
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	990	500	490
Filipino	780	265	520
French Canadian	14,095	6,920	7,180
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,580	1,690	1,890
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,830	1,730	2,100
Métis	740	335	400
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,675	1,385	1,295
Russian	1,925	850	1,075
Norwegian	185	85	95
Welsh	315	185	130
Portuguese	2,550	1,300	1,250
American	1,260	505	755
Spanish	2,940	1,485	1,450
Swedish	155	75	80
Hungarian	640	335	305
Acadian	2,435	1,125	1,310
Pakistani	445	245	195
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	4,245	2,065	2,180
Jewish	455	235	220
Punjabi	20	15	0
Vietnamese	1,720	815	900
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	4,805	2,570	2,235
Greek	1,285	700	585
Jamaican	445	220	225
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	505	230	270
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	190	75	115
Korean	395	160	240
Romanian	2,465	1,245	1,220
Lebanese	1,310	660	650
Iranian	745	380	360
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,575	855	715
Danish	130	65	60
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	910	355	550
Sikh	40	30	15
Austrian	255	120	125
Belgian	1,935	935	1,000
Haitian	8,780	4,185	4,595
Hindu	285	125	160
Mexican	1,865	955	905
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	650	350	300
Finnish	45	30	15
Sri Lankan	100	60	40
Croatian	250	90	160
Japanese	250	90	160
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	50	15	35
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	420	190	230
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	120	60	60
Muslim	825	435	395
Egyptian	935	510	425
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	1,630	760	870
Tamil	125	65	65
Icelandic	45	25	20
Colombian	3,280	1,600	1,675
Moroccan	3,595	1,895	1,700
Czech	140	65	75
Syrian	350	185	160
Guyanese	150	75	75
Afghan	1,910	975	930
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	725	340	390
Serbian	185	95	90
Ojibway	30	20	15
Newfoundlander	50	20	30
Hong Konger	45	20	30
Ontarian	90	60	35
Persian	280	125	155
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	245	125	115
Turkish	250	115	135
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	75	20	60
Bangladeshi	105	55	45
Algerian	2,955	1,560	1,390
Brazilian	1,100	475	625
Nigerian	170	90	80
Armenian	335	135	205
Slovak	105	45	60
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	190	100	95
Somali	10	10	0
Taiwanese	125	65	55
Iraqi	115	65	45
Salvadorean	675	340	330
African Caribbean	390	180	210
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	115	55	65
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	0	35
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	335	150	185
Algonquin	405	215	190
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	115	75	45
Lithuanian	165	55	110
South African	25	15	10
Australian	30	15	15
Palestinian	60	35	25
Chilean	1,350	630	715
Congolese	1,340	635	705
Nova Scotian	50	25	25
Ethiopian	60	30	30
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	350	160	195
Peruvian	1,440	685	760
Yoruba	165	90	75
Cambodian (Khmer)	585	270	320
Berber	2,225	1,200	1,025
Albanian	90	50	40
Maltese	20	0	10
Macedonian	50	20	30
Slovenian	140	70	70
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	200	105	100
New Brunswicker	160	75	85
Gujarati	20	10	10
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	135	70	70
Israeli	75	40	30
Mohawk	155	70	85
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	20	20
Bulgarian	555	300	260
Albertan	10	0	0
Ghanaian	100	35	65
Barbadian	220	105	115
African American	165	85	80
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	65	40	25
Tunisian	965	540	420
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	160	100	60
Cuban	715	385	325
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	770	350	420
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	440	185	255
Latvian	30	20	10
Bengali	80	40	40
Cameroonian	1,600	755	840
Guatemalan	400	210	195
Indonesian	30	15	15
Laotian	490	250	235
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	55	30	30
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70	30	40
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	70	25	50
Franco Ontarian	170	105	65
Argentinian	215	120	95
Estonian	10	0	10
Kurdish	110	65	50
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	170	60	110
Coptic	110	60	50
Thai	85	30	60
Dominican	735	345	390
Nepali	30	15	15
Kabyle	1,015	490	530
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	30	20	15
Byelorussian	185	85	105
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	15	0
Abenaki	475	240	230
Moldovan	625	300	325
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	355	200	155
New Zealander	15	10	0
Sudanese	45	15	25
Breton	585	270	315
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	75	20	50
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	580	290	290
Huron (Wendat)	415	205	205
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10
Buddhist	25	10	20
Gaspesian	470	210	260
Norman	285	155	130
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	955	435	515
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	420	170	250
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	140	90	50
Mauritian	520	255	265
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	55	20	35
Jordanian	50	30	25
Manitoban	10	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	340	180	160
Grenadian	30	20	15
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	90	70	20
Honduran	110	60	50
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	10	10	0
Flemish	40	25	15
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	10
Senegalese	510	280	225
Azerbaijani	40	25	15
Sicilian	100	40	65
Pashtun	65	40	25
Malay	10	0	10
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	250	115	130
Tibetan	55	20	30
Zimbabwean	10	0	0
Burmese	20	0	10
Mongolian	55	25	35
Azorean	70	35	35
Atikamekw	115	45	70
Bamileke	790	390	405
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	10	0	0
Central African	375	150	220
Libyan	70	40	30
Basque	125	65	60
Uruguayan	115	60	50
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	235	115	120
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	95	45	45
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	415	200	210
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	300	150	150
St. Lucian	20	20	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	115	25	90
Beninese	385	190	200
Telugu	30	15	10
Roma	25	20	0
Costa Rican	45	30	15
African Nova Scotian	30	15	20
Malagasy	410	220	190
Kashmiri	25	10	10
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	50	25	30
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	250,430	123,195	127,235
Buddhist	1,710	750	965
Christian	151,155	70,985	80,170
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	16,035	7,925	8,115
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	1,040	470	570
Baptist	1,345	625	725
Catholic	118,865	55,565	63,300
Christian Orthodox	5,060	2,530	2,525
Jehovah's Witness	1,275	535	745
Latter Day Saints	595	255	340
Lutheran	125	70	55
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	75	45	30
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,620	705	915
Presbyterian	300	105	190
Reformed	40	15	25
United Church	390	180	200
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,395	1,960	2,435
Hindu	1,180	590	590
Jewish	320	175	145
Muslim	20,530	10,695	9,835
Sikh	135	85	55
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	940	455	485
No religion and secular perspectives	74,445	39,460	34,985
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	247,845	121,925	125,920
Non-movers	218,125	107,220	110,905
Movers	29,725	14,710	15,015
Non-migrants	15,865	7,965	7,900
Migrants	13,860	6,745	7,115
Internal migrants	12,330	6,020	6,305
Intraprovincial migrants	11,580	5,665	5,920
Interprovincial migrants	745	360	390
External migrants	1,535	725	810
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	236,765	116,220	120,545
Non-movers	133,085	64,955	68,130
Movers	103,680	51,265	52,415
Non-migrants	42,590	20,885	21,705
Migrants	61,090	30,385	30,710
Internal migrants	47,500	23,700	23,795
Intraprovincial migrants	45,655	22,785	22,870
Interprovincial migrants	1,845	915	930
External migrants	13,595	6,680	6,910
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	207,820	101,440	106,380
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	42,340	22,060	20,275
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	165,485	79,380	86,105
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	136,620	68,070	68,550
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,705	11,175	8,525
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	116,915	56,895	60,020
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	207,820	101,440	106,380
No certificate, diploma or degree	37,150	18,760	18,385
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	44,825	21,845	22,975
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	125,850	60,835	65,020
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	74,245	36,800	37,445
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	29,680	17,040	12,640
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	21,710	10,930	10,780
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,975	6,105	1,865
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	35,405	16,015	19,385
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,160	3,745	5,410
Bachelor's degree or higher	51,610	24,030	27,575
Bachelor's degree	32,000	14,485	17,515
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,570	2,500	3,070
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	885	410	480
Master's degree	11,490	5,660	5,835
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,660	980	680
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	136,620	68,075	68,545
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,015	8,975	7,045
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,295	12,195	11,100
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	97,305	46,900	50,400
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	54,135	27,065	27,075
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	22,620	12,750	9,870
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,635	8,200	8,435
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,990	4,555	1,440
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,770	11,445	13,330
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,750	2,875	3,875
Bachelor's degree or higher	43,165	19,835	23,330
Bachelor's degree	26,255	11,910	14,350
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,795	2,065	2,730
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	700	285	415
Master's degree	10,060	4,825	5,240
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,350	755	595
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	207,825	101,440	106,380
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	81,965	40,605	41,360
Education	7,445	1,655	5,780
13. Education	7,445	1,655	5,780
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,720	2,825	2,900
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,025	730	295
50. Visual and performing arts	4,700	2,095	2,605
Humanities	7,275	2,805	4,470
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,240	275	965
23. English language and literature/letters	395	150	250
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,400	1,355	2,045
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	325	210	120
39. Theology and religious vocations	390	195	195
54. History	500	300	200
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	995	325	670
Social and behavioural sciences and law	13,435	4,345	9,085
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	205	35	165
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,155	735	1,425
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,460	245	2,215
22. Legal professions and studies	2,600	905	1,690
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	345	105	240
42. Psychology	1,860	525	1,340
45. Social sciences	3,810	1,800	2,015
Business, management and public administration	30,475	11,710	18,765
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0	25
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,375	365	1,010
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	29,075	11,340	17,730
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,610	2,435	2,175
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,530	565	965
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	770	435	335
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	450	215	235
40. Physical sciences	1,560	1,050	510
41. Science technologies/technicians	300	160	135
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	6,965	5,040	1,925
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	6,020	4,575	1,450
25. Library science	315	80	235
27. Mathematics and statistics	520	315	200
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	100	70	35
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25,145	21,940	3,200
04. Architecture and related services	1,155	630	525
14. Engineering	7,060	5,705	1,360
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,825	4,090	735
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	5,185	4,920	270
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,100	3,945	150
48. Precision production	2,815	2,655	155
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,630	865	765
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,160	595	560
03. Natural resources and conservation	470	265	200
Health and related fields	15,370	2,950	12,420
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	840	390	455
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	14,210	2,420	11,790
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	295	140	160
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,770	4,260	3,515
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,455	1,470	2,985
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0
43. Security and protective services	1,375	1,005	365
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,910	1,755	155
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	136,620	68,070	68,545
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,315	21,170	18,145
Education	5,020	1,065	3,960
13. Education	5,020	1,065	3,960
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,480	2,200	2,280
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	790	540	245
50. Visual and performing arts	3,695	1,660	2,035
Humanities	4,780	1,905	2,870
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	935	225	710
23. English language and literature/letters	305	100	205
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,025	845	1,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	185	130	55
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	135	90
54. History	370	240	135
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	710	225	480
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,740	3,380	7,360
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	160	20	140
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,785	590	1,195
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,085	200	1,885
22. Legal professions and studies	2,075	690	1,385
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	240	75	165
42. Psychology	1,390	375	1,010
45. Social sciences	3,000	1,425	1,580
Business, management and public administration	24,345	9,190	15,155
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,080	270	810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	23,245	8,920	14,325
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,215	1,695	1,520
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,265	470	790
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	375	210	165
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	150	110	35
40. Physical sciences	1,180	775	405
41. Science technologies/technicians	250	130	115
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,945	4,335	1,610
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	5,300	4,020	1,280
25. Library science	210	55	150
27. Mathematics and statistics	355	210	150
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80	50	25
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	19,690	16,860	2,830
04. Architecture and related services	940	515	425
14. Engineering	6,295	5,000	1,290
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,575	2,940	630
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,850	3,625	220
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,055	2,935	120
48. Precision production	1,980	1,840	140
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,420	725	695
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	990	490	505
03. Natural resources and conservation	430	235	190
Health and related fields	11,595	2,235	9,360
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	705	300	400
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,630	1,830	8,805
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	235	105	135
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,060	3,315	2,745
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,390	1,080	2,310
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0
43. Security and protective services	1,095	795	305
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,555	1,425	130
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	136,620	68,070	68,545
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,315	21,170	18,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	97,310	46,905	50,405
Location of study inside Canada	79,390	38,025	41,360
Same as province or territory of residence	77,610	37,125	40,485
Different than province or territory of residence	1,775	900	870
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	17,920	8,875	9,045
Americas	4,635	2,210	2,420
United States of America	530	270	260
Mexico	440	175	265
Cuba	240	145	95
Haiti	565	305	265
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	560	270	290
Colombia	1,205	545	665
Peru	330	155	180
Venezuela⁹⁵	295	140	155
Other locations of study in Americas	465	215	250
Europe	5,410	2,870	2,535
Belgium	195	90	105
France	2,640	1,425	1,215
Germany	65	60	10
Netherlands	30	20	10
Switzerland	40	30	15
Hungary	15	10	10
Moldova¹⁸³	315	165	160
Poland	35	15	15
Romania	735	405	335
Russian Federation	340	170	170
Ukraine	255	110	145
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	215	130	85
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	50	30	20
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	10
Other locations of study in Europe	440	215	225
Africa	5,310	2,670	2,640
Nigeria	65	30	40
Algeria	1,475	720	755
Morocco	1,070	545	525
Tunisia	355	180	180
Egypt	190	105	90
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10
Other locations of study in Africa	2,135	1,095	1,035
Asia	2,510	1,090	1,420
Iran⁸⁸	290	125	160
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	40	15	25
Lebanon	140	75	65
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	20
Turkey	10	0	10
China⁹⁰	755	355	395
Taiwan	25	10	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	45	0	35
Korea, South⁹²	110	40	70
Philippines	155	45	105
Viet Nam	45	15	30
Bangladesh	15	10	10
Sri Lanka	20	10	10
India	395	185	210
Pakistan	60	35	25
Other locations of study in Asia	385	160	230
Oceania	45	25	25
Australia	30	20	10
New Zealand	15	0	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	207,820	101,440	106,380
In the labour force	135,540	69,795	65,750
Employed	125,030	64,455	60,575
Unemployed	10,510	5,340	5,175
Not in the labour force	72,280	31,645	40,635
Participation rate	65.2	68.8	61.8
Employment rate	60.2	63.5	56.9
Unemployment rate	7.8	7.7	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	207,825	101,440	106,380
Did not work¹⁸⁶	72,585	31,515	41,070
Worked	135,240	69,925	65,310
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	71,450	38,590	32,855
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	63,790	31,335	32,455
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.7	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	135,545	69,795	65,745
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,225	1,445	1,780
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	132,315	68,345	63,965
Employee	119,350	60,485	58,870
Permanent position	101,580	52,195	49,385
Temporary position	17,765	8,280	9,485
Fixed term (1 year or more)	6,755	2,930	3,825
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	11,005	5,350	5,660
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,965	7,870	5,095
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	135,545	69,795	65,745
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,225	1,445	1,780
All occupations¹⁹¹	132,315	68,345	63,965
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,795	1,170	625
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	27,075	9,610	17,470
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	13,115	10,095	3,015
3 Health occupations	10,935	2,050	8,885
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15,385	4,385	11,000
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,785	2,505	2,275
6 Sales and service occupations	33,460	16,210	17,255
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	19,830	17,955	1,875
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	845	670	180
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,080	3,700	1,375
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	135,545	69,795	65,745
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,225	1,445	1,780
All industries¹⁹¹	132,315	68,345	63,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	330	225	100
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	210	140	70
22 Utilities	1,280	855	425
23 Construction	7,750	6,615	1,140
31-33 Manufacturing	11,635	8,190	3,445
41 Wholesale trade	4,605	3,045	1,560
44-45 Retail trade	16,750	8,325	8,430
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,215	5,815	1,395
51 Information and cultural industries	4,525	2,730	1,790
52 Finance and insurance	6,930	3,045	3,890
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,955	1,020	935
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	12,045	6,765	5,280
55 Management of companies and enterprises	235	125	110
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	6,510	3,810	2,700
61 Educational services	9,405	2,935	6,475
62 Health care and social assistance	19,315	4,010	15,305
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,155	1,165	990
72 Accommodation and food services	6,745	3,395	3,350
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,205	2,410	2,790
91 Public administration	7,505	3,725	3,775
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	143,715	74,185	69,535
English	6,845	3,905	2,940
French	88,475	44,390	44,085
Non-official language	440	190	245
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	440	190	245
English and French	45,165	24,305	20,855
English and non-official language(s)	385	215	175
French and non-official language(s)	705	300	405
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,680	870	810
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	10
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	143,715	74,185	69,535
Single responses	134,875	69,450	65,425
Official languages	134,120	69,090	65,025
English	14,900	8,455	6,440
French	119,220	60,635	58,585
Non-official languages	755	360	395
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	755	360	395
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	10	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	10	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	25	10	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10
Vietnamese	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	10	0	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	420	195	230
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	10	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40	10	30
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	35	10	25
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	60	35	20
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	50	35	20
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	50	35	20
Dari	45	25	20
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	300	135	160
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	10
Romanian	30	15	15
Spanish	255	115	135
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	15	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	230	125	105
Chinese languages	230	125	105
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	150	75	75
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	50	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	8,845	4,735	4,110
English and French	8,305	4,485	3,820
English and non-official language(s)	140	60	75
French and non-official language(s)	240	85	150
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	95	65
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	143,715	74,185	69,535
None	104,070	52,955	51,110
English	29,750	15,810	13,940
French	7,815	4,360	3,455
Non-official language	985	480	505
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	985	480	505
English and French	55	40	15
English and non-official language(s)	755	340	415
French and non-official language(s)	225	170	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	25
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	125,030	64,455	60,575
Worked at home	30,435	14,800	15,635
Worked outside Canada	195	125	70
No fixed workplace address	13,010	9,615	3,400
Usual place of work	81,390	39,920	41,470
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	81,390	39,920	41,475
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	33,810	14,305	19,505
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	16,195	8,270	7,925
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	31,295	17,270	14,020
Commute to a different province or territory	90	65	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	94,400	49,530	44,870
Car, truck or van	72,765	40,140	32,625
Car, truck or van - as a driver	68,115	38,450	29,665
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,655	1,695	2,965
Public transit	14,695	6,000	8,690
Walked	4,320	1,780	2,540
Bicycle	1,305	945	360
Other method	1,315	665	650
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	94,400	49,530	44,870
Less than 15 minutes	21,755	9,645	12,110
15 to 29 minutes	37,075	19,395	17,680
30 to 44 minutes	20,810	12,450	8,360
45 to 59 minutes	8,325	4,680	3,645
60 minutes and over	6,430	3,360	3,070
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	94,400	49,530	44,870
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,160	5,570	1,595
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	16,430	10,075	6,355
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	25,330	11,735	13,595
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	17,690	7,300	10,390
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	11,025	5,025	6,000
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	16,765	9,825	6,940
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	50,995	26,020	24,975
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,885	3,935	3,950
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	43,110	22,080	21,030
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	36,290	18,545	17,745
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,880	2,955	2,930
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	4,635	2,345	2,290
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,245	605	640
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30,405	15,595	14,815

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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