Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saint-Lin--Laurentides, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	24,030	...	...
Population, 2016¹	20,786	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	15.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	9,615	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	9,289	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	203.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	118.29	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	24,030	12,250	11,780
0 to 14 years	5,630	2,900	2,735
0 to 4 years	2,150	1,070	1,085
5 to 9 years	1,900	1,020	885
10 to 14 years	1,575	810	765
15 to 64 years	15,545	7,940	7,605
15 to 19 years	1,120	590	530
20 to 24 years	1,175	565	615
25 to 29 years	1,935	930	1,005
30 to 34 years	2,255	1,160	1,095
35 to 39 years	1,740	905	835
40 to 44 years	1,605	830	775
45 to 49 years	1,240	655	590
50 to 54 years	1,360	710	645
55 to 59 years	1,645	865	780
60 to 64 years	1,470	740	730
65 years and over	2,855	1,415	1,440
65 to 69 years	1,055	540	510
70 to 74 years	795	400	390
75 to 79 years	485	245	245
80 to 84 years	280	145	135
85 years and over	245	80	160
85 to 89 years	150	60	85
90 to 94 years	90	20	70
95 to 99 years	5	0	10
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.4	23.7	23.2
15 to 64 years	64.7	64.8	64.6
65 years and over	11.9	11.6	12.2
85 years and over	1.0	0.7	1.4
Average age of the population	36.3	36.2	36.4
Median age of the population	34.8	34.8	34.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	9,285	...	...
Single-detached house	6,520	...	...
Semi-detached house	510	...	...
Row house	35	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	660	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,355	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	175	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	9,290	...	...
1 person	2,250	...	...
2 persons	3,145	...	...
3 persons	1,640	...	...
4 persons	1,350	...	...
5 or more persons	905	...	...
Number of persons in private households	23,865	12,180	11,685
Average household size	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	18,400	9,355	9,045
Married or living common-law	11,250	5,610	5,640
Married	4,290	2,150	2,140
Living common-law	6,960	3,460	3,500
Living common law - Never married	6,050	3,025	3,030
Living common law - Separated	65	35	35
Living common law - Divorced	735	365	370
Living common law - Widowed	110	40	70
Not married and not living common-law	7,150	3,745	3,405
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,200	2,920	2,280
Not married and not living common law - Separated	250	115	135
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,025	495	535
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	670	215	455
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,840	...	...
2 persons	3,280	...	...
3 persons	1,575	...	...
4 persons	1,295	...	...
5 or more persons	685	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,845	...	...
Total couple families	5,560	...	...
Married couples	2,080	...	...
With children⁶	950	...	...
Without children	1,130	...	...
Common-law couples	3,480	...	...
With children⁶	2,060	...	...
Without children	1,420	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,280	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	885	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	390	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	23,865	12,180	11,685
Total - Persons in census families	20,180	10,095	10,090
Married spouses or common-law partners	11,125	5,540	5,580
Parents in one-parent families	1,280	395	890
Children⁶	7,785	4,160	3,620
In a two-parent family	5,750	3,050	2,695
In a one-parent family	2,030	1,110	925
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,685	2,090	1,600
Living alone	2,245	1,315	935
Living with other relatives⁷	630	290	340
Living with non-relatives only	805	485	325
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	9,290	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	6,010	...	...
Couple-family households	5,000	...	...
With children⁶	2,735	...	...
Without children	2,265	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,010	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	285	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	60	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	335	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	355	...	...
One-person households	2,250	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	18,245	9,285	8,955
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,760	9,055	8,710
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,000	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,785	9,065	8,720
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,600	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,710	8,295	7,410
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	39,200	23,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,795	7,415	6,385
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	41,200	25,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,615	7,710	7,910
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,600	9,600	14,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,785	2,190	1,595
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,960	6,000	5,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,705	3,605	3,105
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	18,245	9,285	8,960
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,770	9,060	8,705
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,480	50,480	38,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,780	9,075	8,705
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	41,800	34,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,655	8,210	7,445
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,000	44,600	28,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,800	7,360	6,440
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,760	30,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,595	7,710	7,885
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,560	11,860	15,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,785	2,275	1,515
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,960	6,630	7,450
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,655	3,540	3,115
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,780	7,350	8,270
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	18,245	9,290	8,960
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,430	3,640	2,795
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	54,800	41,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	52,250	58,250	44,440
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,990	3,030	2,955
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	29,200	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,640	34,160	20,940
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.2	80.0	64.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.4	72.0	58.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.7	20.0	36.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.3	3.3	3.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.5	6.3	9.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.5	5.7	7.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	18,240	9,285	8,960
Without total income	485	235	250
With total income	17,760	9,050	8,705
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,100	490	615
$10,000 to $19,999	1,885	705	1,185
$20,000 to $29,999	3,010	1,315	1,695
$30,000 to $39,999	2,775	1,225	1,550
$40,000 to $49,999	2,675	1,305	1,375
$50,000 to $59,999	2,100	1,120	980
$60,000 to $69,999	1,545	1,000	550
$70,000 to $79,999	1,050	720	330
$80,000 to $89,999	610	425	185
$90,000 to $99,999	405	300	110
$100,000 and over	600	455	145
$100,000 to $149,999	505	375	130
$150,000 and over	100	80	20
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	18,240	9,285	8,960
Without after-tax income	455	220	235
With after-tax income	17,790	9,070	8,720
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,170	515	655
$10,000 to $19,999	1,995	750	1,240
$20,000 to $29,999	3,605	1,620	1,990
$30,000 to $39,999	3,560	1,690	1,870
$40,000 to $49,999	3,035	1,670	1,365
$50,000 to $59,999	2,185	1,340	845
$60,000 to $69,999	1,160	735	420
$70,000 to $79,999	560	380	180
$80,000 to $89,999	260	180	80
$90,000 to $99,999	125	85	45
$100,000 and over	140	110	25
$100,000 to $124,999	95	75	20
$125,000 and over	40	35	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	18,240	9,285	8,960
Without employment income	4,445	1,875	2,570
With employment income	13,800	7,415	6,385
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,520	725	795
$5,000 to $9,999	1,000	390	615
$10,000 to $19,999	1,930	775	1,150
$20,000 to $29,999	1,840	810	1,030
$30,000 to $39,999	1,775	895	875
$40,000 to $49,999	1,640	910	725
$50,000 to $59,999	1,310	835	470
$60,000 to $69,999	1,005	725	280
$70,000 to $79,999	655	495	155
$80,000 to $89,999	425	310	115
$90,000 to $99,999	285	215	75
$100,000 and over	405	315	85
$100,000 to $124,999	260	195	60
$125,000 and over	145	120	30
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	18,245	9,285	8,955
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,485	8,905	8,580
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,800	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,495	8,905	8,590
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,800	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,465	8,205	7,260
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	42,000	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,790	7,400	6,390
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	43,200	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,135	6,810	7,330
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,100	5,200	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,640	2,140	1,500
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,840	4,400	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	18,245	9,285	8,960
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,505	8,925	8,580
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,840	48,880	34,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,510	8,925	8,585
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,680	40,320	30,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,390	8,150	7,240
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,280	46,520	29,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,785	7,380	6,400
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,920	46,440	30,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,035	6,795	7,245
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,180	8,450	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,690	2,185	1,505
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,185	5,495	7,190
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	18,245	9,290	8,960
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,355	3,590	2,760
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	45,600	53,200	38,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	50,280	57,350	41,120
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,685	2,935	2,755
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	35,600	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,120	40,000	23,700
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.4	86.8	71.0
Employment income (%)	73.2	78.6	65.6
Government transfers (%)	19.5	13.2	28.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.1	2.8	3.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	9,290	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,250	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	7,040	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	9,290	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,250	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	7,040	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	9,290	...	...
Under $5,000	65	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	80	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	130	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	390	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	285	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	300	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	410	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	395	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	405	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	770	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	755	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	755	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	760	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	680	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,090	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,440	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	795	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	655	...	...
$200,000 and over	195	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	9,290	...	...
Under $5,000	70	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	80	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	145	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	425	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	340	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	380	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	490	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	450	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	515	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	950	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	920	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	930	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	840	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	755	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,965	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,190	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	465	...	...
$150,000 and over	315	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,770	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,305	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,030	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,205	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,055	1,800	1,255
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	41,200	31,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	36,400	28,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,785	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,305	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,045	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,210	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,105	1,850	1,255
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,240	47,080	35,100
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,680	38,800	31,100
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	23,865	12,180	11,685
0 to 17 years	6,315	3,270	3,050
0 to 5 years	2,555	1,290	1,270
18 to 64 years	14,785	7,525	7,265
65 years and over	2,765	1,395	1,370
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,390	1,170	1,220
0 to 17 years	615	330	280
0 to 5 years	225	105	115
18 to 64 years	1,150	555	590
65 years and over	630	285	345
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.0	9.6	10.4
0 to 17 years (%)	9.7	10.1	9.3
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	8.4	9.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.4	8.2
65 years and over (%)	22.8	20.4	25.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	23,865	12,180	11,685
0 to 17 years	6,320	3,270	3,045
0 to 5 years	2,560	1,290	1,265
18 to 64 years	14,790	7,520	7,265
65 years and over	2,760	1,390	1,370
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	475	260	215
0 to 17 years	80	45	40
0 to 5 years	40	20	25
18 to 64 years	355	200	150
65 years and over	40	15	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.0	2.1	1.8
0 to 17 years (%)	1.3	1.4	1.3
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	1.4	1.7
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4	2.7	2.1
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.0	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	23,865	12,185	11,685
In bottom half of the distribution	15,675	7,875	7,800
In bottom decile	1,990	990	1,005
In second decile	3,030	1,460	1,570
In third decile	3,455	1,705	1,750
In fourth decile	3,645	1,880	1,770
In fifth decile	3,550	1,845	1,710
In top half of the distribution	8,185	4,300	3,885
In sixth decile	3,050	1,620	1,435
In seventh decile	2,310	1,195	1,115
In eighth decile	1,555	805	750
In ninth decile	965	515	455
In top decile	305	170	130
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	23,865	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.240	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.385	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.209	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	23,925	12,225	11,700
English only	50	25	25
French only	16,555	8,205	8,345
English and French	7,280	3,960	3,320
Neither English nor French	40	25	15
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	23,925	12,225	11,700
English	455	215	240
French	23,270	11,900	11,370
English and French	160	80	80
Neither English nor French	45	30	15
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	23,925	12,225	11,700
Single responses	23,520	12,020	11,505
Official languages	22,915	11,715	11,205
English	370	180	195
French	22,545	11,535	11,010
Non-official languages	605	310	300
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	605	305	295
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	45	45
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	95	45	45
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	95	45	45
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5
Vietnamese	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	65	30	35
Haitian Creole	55	30	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	5	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	375	195	180
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	20	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35	20	20
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5
Russian	20	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Germanic languages	15	5	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	5
German	10	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	310	165	150
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	70	40	30
Portuguese	55	30	20
Romanian	10	10	5
Spanish	170	80	90
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5
Chinese languages	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5
Lao	0	5	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	405	200	200
English and French	265	130	135
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	100	55	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	23,925	12,225	11,700
English	185	90	90
French	22,300	11,405	10,890
Non-official language	115	65	45
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	115	65	45
English and French	795	395	400
English and non-official language(s)	20	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	345	170	175
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	80	80
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	23,925	12,225	11,700
Single responses	23,585	12,050	11,535
Official languages	23,350	11,930	11,420
English	290	130	160
French	23,060	11,795	11,265
Non-official languages	235	125	110
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	235	125	110
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	25	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	45	25	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5
Vietnamese	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	5
Haitian Creole	5	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	145	80	65
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	5
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	15	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	65	55
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	5
Portuguese	15	10	10
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	85	45	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	335	170	170
English and French	195	95	100
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	110	55	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	23,925	12,220	11,705
None	22,900	11,715	11,190
English	540	280	260
French	165	70	90
Non-official language	190	90	95
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	185	90	100
English and French	25	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	35
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	23,870	12,180	11,685
Official languages	23,825	12,160	11,665
English	7,315	3,935	3,375
French	23,750	12,130	11,620
Non-official languages	1,320	680	640
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,315	680	635
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	120	115
Berber languages	10	10	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	10	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	235	120	115
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	235	120	115
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	140	60	80
Haitian Creole	120	55	65
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	810	440	370
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	65	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	100	65	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	35	25	10
Russian	85	55	35
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	15	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	25	15	10
German	25	15	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	20	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	675	355	325
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	140	85	45
Portuguese	130	70	55
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	420	200	220
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	10
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	50	30	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	55	25	30
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	50	25	30
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,865	12,180	11,685
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	525	235	295
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	470	215	260
First Nations (North American Indian)	285	115	170
Métis	185	100	85
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	10	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40	15	25
Non-Indigenous identity	23,340	11,945	11,395
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,865	12,180	11,685
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	95	35	55
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	23,775	12,145	11,630
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	9,290	...	...
Owner	6,565	...	...
Renter	2,720	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	9,290	...	...
Condominium	450	...	...
Not condominium	8,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	9,290	...	...
No bedrooms	15	...	...
1 bedroom	825	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,130	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,310	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,010	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	9,290	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,595	...	...
5 rooms	1,675	...	...
6 rooms	1,425	...	...
7 rooms	1,365	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,225	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	9,290	...	...
One person or fewer per room	9,205	...	...
More than one person per room	90	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	9,290	...	...
Suitable	9,010	...	...
Not suitable	275	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	9,290	...	...
1960 or before	675	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,815	...	...
1981 to 1990	810	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,170	...	...
2001 to 2005	750	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,355	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,475	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,245	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	9,290	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	8,825	...	...
Major repairs needed	465	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	9,290	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,550	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,470	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	265	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	9,290	...	...
15 to 24 years	295	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,135	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,885	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,565	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,730	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,070	...	...
75 to 84 years	490	...	...
85 years and over	125	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	9,235	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,935	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,300	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,205	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	9,290	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,935	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,215	...	...
Not suitable only	250	...	...
Major repairs needed only	365	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	7,350	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	9,140	...	...
In core need	535	...	...
Not in core need	8,600	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,540	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	80.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,177	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	280,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	290,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,720	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	843	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	23,865	12,185	11,685
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	555	280	275
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	545	270	275
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	460	225	230
Métis single ancestry	80	40	35
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	740	310	430
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	740	310	430
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	655	265	390
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	50	30
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	22,570	11,595	10,975
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	23,865	12,180	11,685
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	23,585	12,010	11,570
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,270	3,195	3,080
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	17,310	8,820	8,490
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	280	165	115
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	23,865	12,180	11,685
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	23,010	11,725	11,280
Immigrants⁸¹	825	425	405
Before 1980	110	60	50
1980 to 1990	125	65	60
1991 to 2000	115	60	55
2001 to 2010	180	75	105
2011 to 2021⁸²	295	165	130
2011 to 2015	200	100	100
2016 to 2021	100	65	35
Non-permanent residents⁸³	35	35	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	825	425	405
Under 5 years	125	75	45
5 to 14 years	195	75	120
15 to 24 years	140	65	70
25 to 44 years	345	195	155
45 years and over	20	10	15
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	825	425	405
Americas	250	105	150
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	10
El Salvador	15	0	15
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	90	45	50
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	20	0	15
Peru	25	0	20
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	40	20	20
Other places of birth in Americas	45	20	25
Europe	265	150	110
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	140	85	55
Germany	15	10	0
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	25	10	15
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	10	0	0
Portugal	55	25	25
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	10	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	10
Africa	250	135	115
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	115	65	55
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	125	70	60
Asia	65	35	30
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	15	15
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	100	65	30
Americas	35	25	10
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	15	10	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	15	10	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	15	10	0
France	15	10	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	55	30	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	35	25	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	23,870	12,180	11,685
First generation¹⁰⁰	890	480	415
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,145	575	570
Third generation or more¹⁰²	21,830	11,125	10,700
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	715	365	350
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	405	220	185
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	145	110	35
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	260	115	145
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	230	90	140
Refugees¹⁰⁸	60	30	25
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	20	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	715	365	350
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	60	35	15
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	40	20	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	15	10	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	585	290	295
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	23,865	12,180	11,685
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	950	465	485
South Asian	25	10	15
Chinese	10	0	10
Black	490	260	230
Filipino	15	0	15
Arab	205	100	110
Latin American	155	65	95
Southeast Asian	25	10	15
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	10	0
Multiple visible minorities	10	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	22,915	11,720	11,205
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	23,865	12,180	11,685
Canadian	9,895	5,005	4,895
English	260	150	115
Irish	1,100	525	575
Scottish	275	105	165
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,855	1,950	1,905
German	220	125	100
Chinese	25	0	25
Italian	805	425	380
Indian (India)	60	25	35
Ukrainian	95	45	55
Dutch	40	20	20
Polish	150	85	60
Québécois	4,470	2,270	2,200
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	20	10	10
Filipino	15	0	15
French Canadian	1,360	710	650
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,255	685	565
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	695	310	385
Métis	170	100	80
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	100	60	40
Russian	70	50	10
Norwegian	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Portuguese	240	115	125
American	140	60	75
Spanish	160	90	75
Swedish	0	0	0
Hungarian	25	10	15
Acadian	175	95	85
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	65	30	40
Jewish	15	10	0
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	90	35	55
Greek	90	55	40
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15	0	15
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	10	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Lebanese	10	10	0
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	305	170	135
Danish	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	145	70	75
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	10	0	0
Belgian	120	65	55
Haitian	340	175	160
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	50	10	35
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	55	25	30
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	10
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	50	25	25
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	15	25
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	30	15	10
Moroccan	125	55	70
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	15	0	10
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	0	15
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	10	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	10
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	35	15	20
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	15	10	10
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	80	35	45
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	10
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	15	0	15
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	30	0	25
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	35	10	25
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	30	20	15
Guatemalan	35	10	25
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10	10	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	55	20	35
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	25	15	15
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	15	25
Huron (Wendat)	55	20	35
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	85	45	35
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	10	10	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	25	10	10
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	23,865	12,180	11,685
Buddhist	0	0	0
Christian	14,790	7,580	7,215
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,025	525	500
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	10	0	0
Baptist	75	45	35
Catholic	13,425	6,880	6,540
Christian Orthodox	70	40	30
Jehovah's Witness	65	25	35
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	115	50	65
Hindu	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0
Muslim	290	135	150
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	35	15	30
No religion and secular perspectives	8,735	4,455	4,290
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	23,475	12,030	11,445
Non-movers	20,150	10,330	9,820
Movers	3,325	1,695	1,625
Non-migrants	1,275	665	610
Migrants	2,045	1,030	1,015
Internal migrants	2,015	1,015	1,000
Intraprovincial migrants	1,995	1,000	995
Interprovincial migrants	20	15	0
External migrants	35	15	20
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	21,715	11,125	10,590
Non-movers	11,620	6,140	5,480
Movers	10,095	4,985	5,110
Non-migrants	2,840	1,410	1,430
Migrants	7,255	3,570	3,675
Internal migrants	7,135	3,505	3,635
Intraprovincial migrants	7,070	3,450	3,615
Interprovincial migrants	65	50	15
External migrants	120	70	45
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,245	9,290	8,960
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,250	3,720	2,535
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	11,990	5,570	6,420
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,200	6,745	6,455
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,875	2,405	1,470
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,325	4,340	4,985
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,245	9,285	8,955
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,035	2,875	2,160
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,305	2,030	2,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,905	4,380	4,525
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,005	4,060	3,940
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,185	3,175	2,010
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,500	1,785	1,720
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,680	1,390	290
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,425	765	1,660
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	395	120	275
Bachelor's degree or higher	905	320	580
Bachelor's degree	680	225	460
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	95	45	50
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	20	0	20
Master's degree	100	55	55
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,200	6,745	6,455
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,855	1,700	1,155
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,790	1,380	1,410
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,550	3,670	3,885
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,815	3,425	3,390
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,535	2,705	1,825
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,050	1,490	1,555
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,480	1,210	275
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,975	635	1,345
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	305	80	220
Bachelor's degree or higher	735	240	495
Bachelor's degree	560	180	380
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	75	30	45
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	20	0	20
Master's degree	80	35	50
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	18,245	9,285	8,955
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,335	4,905	4,430
Education	410	75	330
13. Education	410	75	330
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	225	120	105
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	45	10
50. Visual and performing arts	175	75	100
Humanities	260	100	160
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	185	65	115
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	15	10	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	615	90	530
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	10	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	315	0	315
22. Legal professions and studies	115	30	80
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	80	25	55
45. Social sciences	70	20	50
Business, management and public administration	1,665	315	1,345
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	105	0	100
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,565	315	1,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	130	70	65
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	45	20	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20
40. Physical sciences	25	20	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	20	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	185	110	70
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	165	105	60
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,930	2,670	260
04. Architecture and related services	35	20	10
14. Engineering	95	75	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	365	290	75
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,075	1,030	50
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	795	755	45
48. Precision production	560	505	55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	160	85	70
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	135	70	70
03. Natural resources and conservation	20	20	0
Health and related fields	1,185	95	1,090
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,170	95	1,070
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,140	650	490
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	475	95	380
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	205	155	50
49. Transportation and materials moving	465	400	60
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	13,200	6,745	6,455
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,650	3,080	2,565
Education	325	45	280
13. Education	325	45	280
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	190	95	100
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	40	10
50. Visual and performing arts	145	55	90
Humanities	145	60	85
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	100	40	55
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	10	10	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	545	70	475
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	10	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	285	0	285
22. Legal professions and studies	85	20	65
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	70	15	55
45. Social sciences	75	15	50
Business, management and public administration	1,420	250	1,165
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	80	0	75
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,345	250	1,090
Physical and life sciences and technologies	100	65	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40	20	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	25	20	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	20	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	155	90	60
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	140	90	55
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,515	2,275	240
04. Architecture and related services	35	20	10
14. Engineering	70	45	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	330	255	70
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	905	860	45
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	700	665	35
48. Precision production	480	425	55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	115	60	55
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95	45	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	20	15	0
Health and related fields	1,050	95	955
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,025	95	935
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,005	565	440
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	410	70	340
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	175	135	45
49. Transportation and materials moving	420	365	60
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	13,200	6,745	6,455
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,650	3,080	2,565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,555	3,665	3,890
Location of study inside Canada	7,360	3,555	3,800
Same as province or territory of residence	7,330	3,535	3,800
Different than province or territory of residence	25	25	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	195	110	85
Americas	30	10	25
United States of America	10	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	70	60	10
Belgium	0	0	0
France	50	50	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	10	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	70	25	40
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	25	10	15
Tunisia	10	0	10
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	30	15	20
Asia	25	15	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	18,245	9,285	8,955
In the labour force	12,715	6,810	5,905
Employed	11,920	6,405	5,515
Unemployed	800	405	390
Not in the labour force	5,525	2,475	3,050
Participation rate	69.7	73.3	65.9
Employment rate	65.3	69.0	61.6
Unemployment rate	6.3	5.9	6.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	18,245	9,285	8,955
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,460	2,405	3,055
Worked	12,785	6,880	5,900
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,575	3,710	2,865
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	6,210	3,175	3,035
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.3	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	12,715	6,810	5,905
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	215	100	115
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	12,505	6,710	5,795
Employee	10,980	5,785	5,195
Permanent position	9,815	5,265	4,550
Temporary position	1,165	515	645
Fixed term (1 year or more)	290	105	185
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	875	415	460
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,525	925	595
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	12,715	6,810	5,905
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	215	100	115
All occupations¹⁹¹	12,505	6,710	5,795
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	165	135	25
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,735	445	1,295
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	405	290	115
3 Health occupations	920	90	835
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,250	185	1,065
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	210	105	105
6 Sales and service occupations	2,755	1,040	1,710
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,010	3,675	335
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	240	180	60
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	815	570	250
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	12,715	6,810	5,905
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	215	100	115
All industries¹⁹¹	12,505	6,710	5,795
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	225	135	90
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	50	30	20
22 Utilities	45	35	10
23 Construction	2,265	1,945	315
31-33 Manufacturing	1,550	1,115	435
41 Wholesale trade	430	290	140
44-45 Retail trade	1,610	680	930
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	735	590	145
51 Information and cultural industries	95	45	45
52 Finance and insurance	240	65	175
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	135	65	70
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	490	210	275
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	565	370	195
61 Educational services	630	110	525
62 Health care and social assistance	1,740	190	1,555
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	85	55	35
72 Accommodation and food services	635	255	380
81 Other services (except public administration)	630	335	295
91 Public administration	355	205	155
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	13,500	7,215	6,290
English	115	70	45
French	11,635	6,185	5,455
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	1,655	905	750
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	50	35	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	13,500	7,215	6,290
Single responses	13,265	7,070	6,190
Official languages	13,260	7,065	6,190
English	300	180	110
French	12,960	6,880	6,080
Non-official languages	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	240	145	95
English and French	230	145	90
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	13,500	7,215	6,290
None	11,980	6,395	5,585
English	1,260	655	595
French	185	115	70
Non-official language	50	25	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	50	25	25
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	11,920	6,405	5,515
Worked at home	1,295	505	795
Worked outside Canada	30	30	0
No fixed workplace address	2,535	2,025	515
Usual place of work	8,055	3,850	4,210
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,055	3,850	4,205
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,980	770	1,210
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	450	195	260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,605	2,875	2,730
Commute to a different province or territory	20	10	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	10,595	5,875	4,720
Car, truck or van	10,065	5,630	4,435
Car, truck or van - as a driver	9,640	5,430	4,215
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	425	200	225
Public transit	90	25	65
Walked	240	105	135
Bicycle	40	30	10
Other method	155	85	80
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	10,595	5,875	4,720
Less than 15 minutes	1,935	835	1,100
15 to 29 minutes	2,055	930	1,125
30 to 44 minutes	3,230	1,785	1,445
45 to 59 minutes	1,920	1,245	675
60 minutes and over	1,455	1,075	380
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	10,595	5,875	4,720
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,805	1,440	365
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,270	1,405	865
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,300	930	1,375
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,240	425	815
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	680	185	495
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,305	1,505	805
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	6,380	3,305	3,075
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	630	335	300
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,750	2,975	2,780
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,105	2,160	1,940
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	440	240	200
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	255	125	125
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	185	110	75
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,665	1,925	1,745

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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