Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Côte-Saint-Luc, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	34,504	...	...
Population, 2016¹	32,448	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	15,548	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	14,603	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,903.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7.04	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	34,505	16,010	18,495
0 to 14 years	6,030	3,115	2,915
0 to 4 years	1,870	960	915
5 to 9 years	2,085	1,070	1,015
10 to 14 years	2,070	1,080	990
15 to 64 years	18,565	8,855	9,705
15 to 19 years	1,850	945	900
20 to 24 years	1,845	945	905
25 to 29 years	1,635	815	820
30 to 34 years	1,780	835	940
35 to 39 years	2,040	920	1,120
40 to 44 years	2,195	1,020	1,170
45 to 49 years	1,915	910	1,005
50 to 54 years	1,845	855	990
55 to 59 years	1,705	795	915
60 to 64 years	1,760	815	945
65 years and over	9,910	4,040	5,870
65 to 69 years	1,980	860	1,115
70 to 74 years	2,290	990	1,300
75 to 79 years	1,945	810	1,130
80 to 84 years	1,535	605	925
85 years and over	2,165	770	1,395
85 to 89 years	1,135	435	705
90 to 94 years	695	255	440
95 to 99 years	290	65	220
100 years and over	50	20	35
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.5	19.5	15.8
15 to 64 years	53.8	55.3	52.5
65 years and over	28.7	25.2	31.7
85 years and over	6.3	4.8	7.5
Average age of the population	45.2	42.9	47.3
Median age of the population	44.8	42.0	47.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	14,605	...	...
Single-detached house	1,990	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,510	...	...
Row house	700	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	750	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,475	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	8,180	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	14,605	...	...
1 person	5,305	...	...
2 persons	4,470	...	...
3 persons	1,955	...	...
4 persons	1,655	...	...
5 or more persons	1,220	...	...
Number of persons in private households	33,710	15,740	17,970
Average household size	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	28,475	12,900	15,575
Married or living common-law	15,555	7,725	7,830
Married	14,385	7,145	7,240
Living common-law	1,170	575	590
Living common law - Never married	760	370	390
Living common law - Separated	35	20	15
Living common law - Divorced	310	155	150
Living common law - Widowed	70	35	35
Not married and not living common-law	12,915	5,175	7,740
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,280	3,710	3,575
Not married and not living common law - Separated	550	195	360
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,485	845	1,640
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,590	420	2,175
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	8,985	...	...
2 persons	4,390	...	...
3 persons	1,895	...	...
4 persons	1,615	...	...
5 or more persons	1,085	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	8,985	...	...
Total couple families	7,510	...	...
Married couples	6,920	...	...
With children⁶	3,805	...	...
Without children	3,120	...	...
Common-law couples	585	...	...
With children⁶	210	...	...
Without children	375	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,480	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,245	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	235	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	33,710	15,745	17,970
Total - Persons in census families	27,070	13,280	13,790
Married spouses or common-law partners	15,015	7,500	7,515
Parents in one-parent families	1,480	235	1,240
Children⁶	10,580	5,550	5,030
In a two-parent family	8,340	4,340	3,995
In a one-parent family	2,235	1,210	1,030
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,645	2,460	4,185
Living alone	5,310	1,870	3,435
Living with other relatives⁷	660	260	405
Living with non-relatives only	675	325	350
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	14,600	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,430	...	...
Couple-family households	7,125	...	...
With children⁶	3,785	...	...
Without children	3,340	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,305	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	210	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	220	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	415	...	...
One-person households	5,305	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	27,680	12,625	15,055
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,740	12,165	14,580
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	39,600	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,750	12,165	14,580
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	35,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,855	10,920	12,935
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,200	33,600	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,100	8,425	8,675
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,600	32,800	24,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,175	9,945	13,235
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,100	13,100	14,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,310	935	1,375
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,480	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,160	4,575	4,585
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,500	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	27,715	12,660	15,055
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,730	12,175	14,560
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,600	71,000	50,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,745	12,175	14,565
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,720	53,600	41,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,785	10,920	12,865
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,400	67,700	41,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,100	8,490	8,610
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,480	62,200	36,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,190	9,995	13,190
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,960	12,500	15,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,150	890	1,265
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,060	5,790	7,940
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,135	4,630	4,505
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,590	9,590	9,580
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	27,710	12,660	15,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,965	3,870	3,090
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	62,800	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	84,400	99,400	65,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,635	3,540	4,095
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,700	16,200	13,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,480	34,400	23,340
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.6	85.6	72.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	53.1	61.1	43.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.3	14.4	27.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.6	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2	5.6	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.5	5.1	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	27,685	12,630	15,050
Without total income	940	460	475
With total income	26,745	12,165	14,575
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,500	1,145	1,355
$10,000 to $19,999	3,210	1,430	1,775
$20,000 to $29,999	4,775	2,055	2,720
$30,000 to $39,999	3,480	1,490	1,990
$40,000 to $49,999	2,920	1,225	1,695
$50,000 to $59,999	2,130	875	1,255
$60,000 to $69,999	1,600	645	950
$70,000 to $79,999	1,180	505	670
$80,000 to $89,999	875	405	470
$90,000 to $99,999	755	375	380
$100,000 and over	3,325	2,010	1,315
$100,000 to $149,999	1,700	900	805
$150,000 and over	1,625	1,110	515
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	27,685	12,630	15,050
Without after-tax income	935	460	475
With after-tax income	26,750	12,170	14,580
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,615	1,190	1,430
$10,000 to $19,999	3,410	1,545	1,870
$20,000 to $29,999	5,365	2,310	3,055
$30,000 to $39,999	4,175	1,790	2,380
$40,000 to $49,999	3,225	1,340	1,880
$50,000 to $59,999	2,225	925	1,295
$60,000 to $69,999	1,460	645	820
$70,000 to $79,999	1,035	495	540
$80,000 to $89,999	730	345	385
$90,000 to $99,999	510	270	240
$100,000 and over	1,995	1,310	685
$100,000 to $124,999	750	440	310
$125,000 and over	1,245	870	370
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	27,685	12,630	15,050
Without employment income	10,580	4,205	6,380
With employment income	17,095	8,420	8,675
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,020	1,395	1,625
$5,000 to $9,999	1,905	855	1,055
$10,000 to $19,999	2,300	1,050	1,250
$20,000 to $29,999	1,700	740	955
$30,000 to $39,999	1,475	670	800
$40,000 to $49,999	1,405	670	735
$50,000 to $59,999	980	470	510
$60,000 to $69,999	775	385	395
$70,000 to $79,999	600	320	285
$80,000 to $89,999	540	270	270
$90,000 to $99,999	435	270	165
$100,000 and over	1,965	1,330	630
$100,000 to $124,999	645	365	275
$125,000 and over	1,315	965	350
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	27,680	12,625	15,055
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,795	11,695	14,100
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	37,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,800	11,695	14,100
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	33,600	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,310	10,700	12,615
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	34,800	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,985	8,380	8,605
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	33,200	26,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,015	8,770	12,250
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,500	4,920	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,575	605	970
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	3,960	6,850
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	27,715	12,660	15,055
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,740	11,700	14,040
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,100	65,500	46,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,745	11,705	14,040
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,480	49,520	38,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,185	10,715	12,465
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,950	64,700	40,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,840	8,435	8,410
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,920	59,550	38,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,965	8,735	12,225
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,180	8,270	11,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,530	605	920
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,960	5,360	9,680
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	27,710	12,660	15,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,825	3,800	3,030
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	59,200	47,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,500	87,900	59,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,945	3,265	3,675
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	22,200	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,560	41,760	30,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	90.6	78.4
Employment income (%)	58.1	65.6	49.3
Government transfers (%)	15.0	9.4	21.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.4	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	14,605	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,305	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,295	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	14,605	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	109,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,295	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,250	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,305	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	14,605	...	...
Under $5,000	190	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	125	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	215	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	280	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	935	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	670	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	600	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	660	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	600	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,095	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,040	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	925	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	790	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	695	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,130	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,365	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	945	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,125	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,700	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	14,605	...	...
Under $5,000	215	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	125	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	225	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	305	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	985	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	760	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	735	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	775	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	795	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	680	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,270	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,145	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	990	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	850	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	735	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,010	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,345	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	835	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,840	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,055	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,355	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,025	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,435	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,980	2,200	3,780
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	35,200	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	32,000	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,085	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	137,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,365	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,080	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	168,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,375	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,885	2,110	3,775
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	58,600	65,900	54,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,280	49,760	42,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	33,715	15,740	17,970
0 to 17 years	7,180	3,685	3,495
0 to 5 years	2,280	1,180	1,095
18 to 64 years	17,385	8,260	9,120
65 years and over	9,150	3,795	5,360
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,765	2,100	2,660
0 to 17 years	900	465	435
0 to 5 years	300	155	140
18 to 64 years	2,380	1,135	1,245
65 years and over	1,480	500	980
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.1	13.4	14.8
0 to 17 years (%)	12.6	12.6	12.5
0 to 5 years (%)	13.1	13.2	13.0
18 to 64 years (%)	13.7	13.8	13.6
65 years and over (%)	16.2	13.3	18.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	33,710	15,745	17,975
0 to 17 years	7,180	3,690	3,490
0 to 5 years	2,285	1,185	1,095
18 to 64 years	17,380	8,260	9,125
65 years and over	9,155	3,795	5,355
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,740	1,275	1,465
0 to 17 years	550	295	260
0 to 5 years	185	100	85
18 to 64 years	1,620	790	835
65 years and over	565	190	375
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.1	8.1	8.2
0 to 17 years (%)	7.7	8.0	7.4
0 to 5 years (%)	8.1	8.4	7.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.3	9.6	9.1
65 years and over (%)	6.2	5.0	7.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	33,710	15,740	17,970
In bottom half of the distribution	18,610	8,410	10,200
In bottom decile	4,085	1,850	2,230
In second decile	3,915	1,670	2,240
In third decile	3,675	1,675	2,000
In fourth decile	3,640	1,675	1,965
In fifth decile	3,300	1,535	1,765
In top half of the distribution	15,105	7,330	7,775
In sixth decile	3,050	1,465	1,580
In seventh decile	2,750	1,320	1,425
In eighth decile	2,505	1,200	1,305
In ninth decile	2,750	1,330	1,420
In top decile	4,050	2,020	2,035
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	33,710	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.424	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.556	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.359	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	33,975	15,835	18,140
English only	9,740	4,085	5,660
French only	2,065	920	1,145
English and French	21,590	10,555	11,030
Neither English nor French	580	275	305
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	33,975	15,835	18,140
English	21,320	9,795	11,530
French	8,340	3,965	4,375
English and French	3,760	1,815	1,945
Neither English nor French	545	260	290
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	33,975	15,835	18,140
Single responses	31,370	14,625	16,750
Official languages	19,980	9,300	10,680
English	13,515	6,190	7,325
French	6,465	3,110	3,350
Non-official languages	11,390	5,320	6,070
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,390	5,320	6,065
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,655	845	820
Berber languages	15	5	5
Kabyle	10	10	5
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,650	835	810
Amharic	30	10	20
Arabic	660	335	320
Aramaic languages	10	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	950	480	465
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	25	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5
Vietnamese	60	25	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	790	285	505
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Cebuano	50	30	25
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	30	15	20
Ilocano	65	25	40
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	5	5	5
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	590	200	390
Waray-Waray	5	5	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5
Creole languages	45	15	35
Haitian Creole	30	10	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Dravidian languages	130	70	60
Kannada	5	5	0
Malayalam	50	25	25
Tamil	40	20	15
Telugu	40	20	15
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	5	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,205	3,395	3,815
Albanian	5	5	0
Armenian	30	15	15
Balto-Slavic languages	2,180	1,000	1,180
Baltic languages	10	5	5
Latvian	5	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	5
Slavic languages	2,170	990	1,175
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	185	90	95
Czech	15	5	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	170	65	105
Russian	1,655	765	890
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	5
Serbian	25	10	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	20	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0
Ukrainian	85	40	45
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	615	260	355
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	585	250	335
German	90	30	60
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	495	215	280
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	20	10	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	80	40	45
Indo-Iranian languages	2,085	1,050	1,035
Indo-Aryan languages	290	155	140
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	60	30	35
Gujarati	35	15	15
Hindi	55	30	20
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	5
Nepali	10	5	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	45	35
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	35	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	1,790	900	895
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	5	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	0
Persian languages	1,775	890	890
Dari	5	5	0
Iranian Persian	1,650	825	825
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	120	65	55
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,210	1,020	1,190
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	565	265	300
Portuguese	160	65	95
Romanian	680	315	360
Spanish	810	380	430
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	305	140	165
Mongolian	40	15	20
Niger-Congo languages	130	60	70
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5
Bamanankan	0	5	0
Edo	5	0	5
Éwé	5	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	10	5	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	5	10
Lingala	5	5	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	20	10	10
Yoruba	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	5	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	555	275	285
Chinese languages	550	270	275
Hakka	0	0	5
Mandarin	405	205	205
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	50	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5
Burmese	10	5	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	90	45	45
Azerbaijani	15	10	5
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	65	25	35
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	5	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	345	135	205
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	340	135	205
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,600	1,205	1,395
English and French	1,050	520	525
English and non-official language(s)	815	350	465
French and non-official language(s)	350	155	200
English, French and non-official language(s)	250	115	135
Multiple non-official languages	140	70	70
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	33,975	15,835	18,140
English	14,910	6,745	8,170
French	3,845	1,865	1,980
Non-official language	4,090	2,005	2,085
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	4,090	2,005	2,080
English and French	3,620	1,795	1,825
English and non-official language(s)	3,775	1,685	2,090
French and non-official language(s)	955	425	525
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,505	1,175	1,325
Multiple non-official languages	265	130	140
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	33,975	15,835	18,140
Single responses	31,145	14,520	16,625
Official languages	24,260	11,230	13,025
English	18,815	8,600	10,210
French	5,445	2,630	2,810
Non-official languages	6,885	3,285	3,600
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,880	3,285	3,600
Afro-Asiatic languages	710	335	370
Berber languages	5	0	5
Kabyle	5	0	5
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	700	330	365
Amharic	20	10	10
Arabic	310	150	160
Aramaic languages	5	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	365	170	195
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	50	25	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	455	185	265
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Cebuano	40	20	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10
Ilocano	20	10	10
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	360	140	220
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0
Creole languages	20	5	10
Haitian Creole	10	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	85	40	45
Kannada	0	0	5
Malayalam	25	10	15
Tamil	30	15	15
Telugu	30	15	15
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	5	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,660	2,250	2,410
Albanian	5	0	0
Armenian	15	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	1,585	760	830
Baltic languages	5	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,585	760	830
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	155	75	75
Czech	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	40	20	25
Russian	1,295	620	675
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	20	10	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	55	25	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	180	90	90
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	175	90	90
German	5	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	175	85	85
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	10	15
Indo-Iranian languages	1,710	845	860
Indo-Aryan languages	185	95	90
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	45	20	25
Gujarati	20	5	10
Hindi	25	15	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	35	35
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	1,520	750	770
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	5	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	1,520	750	770
Dari	5	0	5
Iranian Persian	1,410	705	705
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	95	45	55
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,135	530	610
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	145	60	85
Portuguese	100	40	55
Romanian	420	210	205
Spanish	480	215	260
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	280	130	150
Mongolian	30	15	15
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	20
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	5	5	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	10	5	5
Yoruba	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	5
American Sign Language	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	435	220	210
Chinese languages	435	220	210
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	340	170	170
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	40	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	35	15	15
Azerbaijani	5	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	25	10	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	75	30	45
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	75	30	45
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,830	1,315	1,515
English and French	1,205	580	625
English and non-official language(s)	1,015	460	555
French and non-official language(s)	260	115	145
English, French and non-official language(s)	320	145	170
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	33,975	15,835	18,140
None	24,980	11,615	13,365
English	2,270	1,045	1,225
French	2,240	1,110	1,135
Non-official language	2,260	1,025	1,235
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	2,255	1,025	1,235
English and French	635	295	340
English and non-official language(s)	470	230	245
French and non-official language(s)	735	345	390
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	45	40
Multiple non-official languages	295	130	170
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	33,715	15,760	17,955
Official languages	33,080	15,485	17,595
English	30,965	14,520	16,450
French	23,580	11,485	12,095
Non-official languages	18,770	8,710	10,050
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,770	8,710	10,050
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,260	3,085	3,175
Berber languages	30	15	20
Kabyle	30	15	15
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	6,255	3,075	3,175
Amharic	50	25	20
Arabic	1,520	760	765
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5,010	2,475	2,535
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	65	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	100	65	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,400	495	910
Bikol	30	10	25
Bisaya, n.o.s.	40	20	25
Cebuano	120	50	70
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	10	20
Ilocano	115	40	80
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	10	0	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,340	460	885
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30
Creole languages	150	45	105
Haitian Creole	85	25	60
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	30	10	25
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	10	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	145	65	80
Kannada	20	10	10
Malayalam	75	35	45
Tamil	65	35	30
Telugu	30	10	20
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	25	0	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,605	4,990	5,620
Albanian	15	0	10
Armenian	75	40	35
Balto-Slavic languages	2,790	1,280	1,505
Baltic languages	10	10	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,780	1,280	1,500
Belarusian	25	15	10
Bulgarian	310	125	185
Czech	30	10	20
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	255	75	170
Russian	2,265	1,065	1,205
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	55	25	25
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	35	15	25
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	265	120	145
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,555	705	850
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	1,540	705	835
German	315	140	175
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	1,270	590	675
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	10	20
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	25	0	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	125	55	70
Indo-Iranian languages	2,545	1,250	1,295
Indo-Aryan languages	505	265	240
Assamese	10	0	0
Bengali	75	30	40
Gujarati	105	65	40
Hindi	300	150	150
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	25	10	10
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	70	50
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	10	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	75	40	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	2,040	985	1,055
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	20	20	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	2,035	980	1,055
Dari	40	15	20
Iranian Persian	1,800	870	930
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	200	95	105
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,230	1,945	2,275
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	1,215	610	610
Portuguese	270	115	155
Romanian	940	445	495
Spanish	2,190	950	1,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	30	25	0
Korean	285	120	160
Mongolian	35	25	10
Niger-Congo languages	455	215	240
Akan (Twi)	55	25	30
Bamanankan	20	0	20
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	0	15
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	10	0	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	10
Lingala	65	25	40
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	10	0	10
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	0	20
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	40	20	20
Yoruba	105	40	60
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	45	40
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	10
American Sign Language	20	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	665	345	320
Chinese languages	665	345	320
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	575	290	280
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	130	70	60
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	220	115	105
Azerbaijani	45	30	15
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	165	85	80
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10
Uralic languages	480	215	270
Estonian	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	470	210	260
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	33,715	15,755	17,955
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	95	40	55
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	80	35	45
First Nations (North American Indian)	50	15	40
Métis	25	20	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous identity	33,620	15,720	17,900
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	33,715	15,755	17,955
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	20	10	15
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,690	15,750	17,940
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	14,600	...	...
Owner	6,770	...	...
Renter	7,835	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	14,600	...	...
Condominium	3,340	...	...
Not condominium	11,260	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	14,600	...	...
No bedrooms	205	...	...
1 bedroom	4,105	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,300	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,690	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	14,600	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,780	...	...
5 rooms	2,170	...	...
6 rooms	1,145	...	...
7 rooms	1,185	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,325	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	14,600	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,940	...	...
More than one person per room	660	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	14,600	...	...
Suitable	13,120	...	...
Not suitable	1,480	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	14,600	...	...
1960 or before	3,640	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,070	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,215	...	...
1991 to 2000	790	...	...
2001 to 2005	615	...	...
2006 to 2010	330	...	...
2011 to 2015	250	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	695	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	14,600	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	13,440	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,160	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	14,600	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,685	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,545	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	380	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	14,600	...	...
15 to 24 years	260	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,410	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,230	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,220	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,100	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,755	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,195	...	...
85 years and over	1,430	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	14,540	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	9,800	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,735	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,280	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	14,600	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,545	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,070	...	...
Not suitable only	975	...	...
Major repairs needed only	680	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	340	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	315	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	155	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...
Acceptable housing	8,055	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	14,080	...	...
In core need	1,610	...	...
Not in core need	12,475	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,770	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	48.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,540	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,834	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	685,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	733,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,835	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,213	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	33,715	15,760	17,955
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	30	10	25
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	30	10	25
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	30	10	25
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	70	30	35
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	70	30	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	35
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	33,615	15,720	17,895
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	33,710	15,760	17,955
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	28,555	13,270	15,280
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,245	3,200	3,050
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	22,310	10,075	12,235
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,160	2,490	2,675
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	33,710	15,760	17,955
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	17,510	8,410	9,105
Immigrants⁸¹	14,485	6,550	7,935
Before 1980	4,255	1,860	2,400
1980 to 1990	1,700	815	885
1991 to 2000	1,650	715	935
2001 to 2010	2,625	1,160	1,465
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,255	2,000	2,255
2011 to 2015	1,995	880	1,120
2016 to 2021	2,255	1,120	1,130
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,710	805	910
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	14,485	6,550	7,935
Under 5 years	1,275	625	645
5 to 14 years	2,530	1,200	1,325
15 to 24 years	2,600	1,180	1,415
25 to 44 years	6,760	2,955	3,800
45 years and over	1,325	580	745
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	14,485	6,550	7,935
Americas	1,370	550	815
Brazil	100	40	55
Colombia	130	65	65
El Salvador	10	0	10
Guyana	25	15	15
Haiti	55	10	45
Jamaica	140	35	100
Mexico	55	25	25
Peru	45	10	40
Trinidad and Tobago	50	20	30
United States of America	320	150	165
Other places of birth in Americas	440	170	270
Europe	4,470	1,950	2,515
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	440	230	205
Germany	140	50	85
Greece	25	10	15
Hungary	320	150	170
Italy	395	205	190
Netherlands	10	0	10
Poland	290	100	190
Portugal	20	0	15
Romania	530	215	315
Russian Federation	695	305	385
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	440	175	270
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	45	75
Other places of birth in Europe	1,040	455	585
Africa	3,330	1,625	1,705
Algeria	145	80	70
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	15	15
Egypt	215	120	95
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	20	15	10
Morocco	2,295	1,065	1,230
Nigeria	75	45	35
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	525	280	240
Asia	5,305	2,415	2,890
Afghanistan	25	15	15
Iran⁸⁸	1,350	630	725
Iraq	115	45	75
Lebanon	130	60	70
Syria⁸⁹	90	45	45
Turkey	50	25	20
China⁹⁰	430	205	225
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	30	20
Korea, South⁹²	150	70	85
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	1,320	490	825
Viet Nam	70	40	30
Bangladesh	30	10	25
India	255	135	120
Pakistan	65	35	30
Sri Lanka	20	10	15
Other places of birth in Asia	1,135	575	560
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	10	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,255	1,120	1,130
Americas	210	95	115
Brazil	20	0	10
Colombia	40	15	25
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	20	10	15
United States of America	40	30	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	65	25	45
Europe	390	170	220
France	80	40	40
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	85	35	50
Ukraine	45	15	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	170	85	90
Africa	410	255	155
Algeria	40	25	20
Burundi	10	10	0
Cameroon	40	30	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	15	10	0
Egypt	15	10	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	50	30	20
Nigeria	50	30	15
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	30	10	20
Other places of birth in Africa	150	85	70
Asia	1,235	600	640
Afghanistan	25	10	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	105	60	45
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	95	50	50
Iran⁸⁸	385	170	210
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	50	20	25
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	40	10	25
Lebanon	10	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	415	200	210
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	50	30	15
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	0
Viet Nam	25	10	15
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	10
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	33,715	15,760	17,955
First generation¹⁰⁰	16,710	7,610	9,100
Second generation¹⁰¹	10,375	4,990	5,385
Third generation or more¹⁰²	6,630	3,160	3,465
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,230	4,690	5,540
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	7,120	3,315	3,805
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,960	1,410	1,545
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,160	1,900	2,255
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,000	815	1,185
Refugees¹⁰⁸	980	515	465
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	130	50	85
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,230	4,690	5,540
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	700	355	350
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,185	360	825
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	285	160	125
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	300	180	125
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	10	40
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,710	3,630	4,080
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	33,715	15,755	17,955
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,130	4,130	5,000
South Asian	750	380	370
Chinese	705	350	350
Black	2,020	860	1,165
Filipino	1,685	645	1,040
Arab	835	430	405
Latin American	495	225	270
Southeast Asian	205	125	75
West Asian	1,720	825	895
Korean	290	125	170
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	200	85	110
Multiple visible minorities	240	85	155
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	24,580	11,630	12,955
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	33,710	15,760	17,955
Canadian	2,285	1,120	1,165
English	580	220	365
Irish	625	265	360
Scottish	455	195	255
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,200	585	610
German	520	255	270
Chinese	755	375	380
Italian	1,525	765	760
Indian (India)	635	310	325
Ukrainian	615	325	290
Dutch	90	20	70
Polish	2,035	945	1,090
Québécois	280	135	145
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	245	80	165
Filipino	1,525	580	955
French Canadian	195	70	115
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	300	150	155
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	25	15	15
Métis	15	10	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	875	335	545
Russian	2,745	1,240	1,505
Norwegian	0	0	0
Welsh	50	25	20
Portuguese	160	60	100
American	300	145	155
Spanish	760	340	420
Swedish	0	0	0
Hungarian	775	370	405
Acadian	25	10	20
Pakistani	95	50	50
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	365	150	210
Jewish	9,500	4,630	4,865
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	85	55	35
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	310	195	110
Greek	170	80	95
Jamaican	180	55	125
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	220	95	130
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	290	120	165
Romanian	1,410	675	735
Lebanese	220	125	95
Iranian	1,730	830	900
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	150	70	80
Danish	10	0	10
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	10	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	355	150	205
Belgian	80	40	40
Haitian	125	40	75
Hindu	20	10	15
Mexican	100	50	50
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	65	30	35
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	25	10	15
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	25	0	25
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	0	25
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	35	15	20
Muslim	80	50	35
Egyptian	335	165	175
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	105	40	65
Tamil	15	15	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	175	80	95
Moroccan	4,130	1,970	2,155
Czech	125	45	80
Syrian	100	45	50
Guyanese	25	10	20
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	120	40	80
Serbian	35	15	15
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	10	0	10
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	410	215	200
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	20	20
Turkish	220	85	130
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	25	10	15
Algerian	120	40	80
Brazilian	110	55	60
Nigerian	110	50	60
Armenian	100	45	55
Slovak	30	20	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	665	330	335
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	10	0
Iraqi	260	125	135
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	100	30	70
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35	15	20
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	205	100	105
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	90	50	45
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	15	10
Lithuanian	155	70	85
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	35	15	15
Chilean	35	25	10
Congolese	80	35	45
Nova Scotian	10	0	0
Ethiopian	35	20	15
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	55	35	25
Peruvian	40	10	30
Yoruba	160	75	80
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0
Berber	105	40	70
Albanian	25	15	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	20
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	35	20	15
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	1,355	685	665
Mohawk	10	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	10	0
Bulgarian	345	150	195
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	35	25	15
Barbadian	100	15	80
African American	25	10	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	10	0
Tunisian	250	115	130
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	55	30	30
Cuban	40	15	25
Bosnian	15	15	0
Venezuelan	20	10	15
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0
Latvian	30	10	20
Bengali	30	10	20
Cameroonian	60	30	30
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	60	25	35
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	15	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	15	0	10
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	60	25	35
Estonian	25	10	15
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	15	0	15
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	110	50	60
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	210	95	110
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	25	10	15
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	210	115	100
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	25	10	20
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	20	10	15
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	15	10	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	70	20	50
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	20	10	10
Grenadian	65	15	45
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	20	10	15
Azerbaijani	40	20	20
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	20	10	15
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	35	25	10
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	30	25	10
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	50	20	30
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	25	10	15
Fulani	15	0	15
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	30	15	15
St. Lucian	20	0	15
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	30	25	10
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	35	15	20
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	15	10	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	33,715	15,755	17,955
Buddhist	95	50	50
Christian	8,755	3,790	4,970
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,475	640	835
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	145	25	120
Baptist	195	100	95
Catholic	4,580	2,000	2,580
Christian Orthodox	1,415	660	755
Jehovah's Witness	35	10	35
Latter Day Saints	25	0	20
Lutheran	30	10	25
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	40	15	30
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	220	75	145
Presbyterian	65	30	40
Reformed	15	0	0
United Church	70	10	65
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	435	215	220
Hindu	370	190	180
Jewish	17,845	8,310	9,535
Muslim	2,360	1,135	1,230
Sikh	75	35	35
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	115	65	50
No religion and secular perspectives	4,100	2,190	1,910
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	33,340	15,590	17,745
Non-movers	29,715	13,925	15,795
Movers	3,620	1,670	1,955
Non-migrants	2,530	1,170	1,360
Migrants	1,090	495	595
Internal migrants	650	290	355
Intraprovincial migrants	490	225	270
Interprovincial migrants	160	70	90
External migrants	445	205	240
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	31,785	14,720	17,060
Non-movers	18,285	8,260	10,030
Movers	13,505	6,470	7,035
Non-migrants	4,080	1,910	2,175
Migrants	9,415	4,555	4,860
Internal migrants	6,315	3,065	3,245
Intraprovincial migrants	5,895	2,875	3,025
Interprovincial migrants	415	195	220
External migrants	3,105	1,485	1,615
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,710	12,660	15,055
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,330	1,585	1,740
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	24,380	11,070	13,310
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,825	6,920	7,905
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	760	440	315
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,065	6,480	7,585
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,715	12,660	15,055
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,915	1,400	1,515
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,800	2,655	3,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,000	8,605	10,390
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,230	3,145	4,085
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,650	825	825
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,160	535	625
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	495	285	210
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,520	1,920	2,605
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,060	405	655
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,770	5,460	6,305
Bachelor's degree	6,850	3,010	3,845
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,265	660	605
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	555	370	185
Master's degree	2,580	1,135	1,445
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	520	285	225
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,825	6,920	7,905
No certificate, diploma or degree	575	350	225
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,020	1,070	955
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,230	5,505	6,725
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,055	1,855	2,200
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	935	475	460
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	650	320	335
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	285	155	130
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,475	1,095	1,380
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	650	285	360
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,170	3,645	4,530
Bachelor's degree	4,795	2,060	2,735
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	810	410	400
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	300	170	130
Master's degree	1,930	850	1,085
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	330	155	175
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	27,715	12,660	15,055
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,715	4,050	4,660
Education	1,480	170	1,310
13. Education	1,480	170	1,310
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	760	285	470
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	745	275	470
Humanities	1,365	395	970
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	295	45	245
23. English language and literature/letters	245	65	175
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	415	115	305
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	45	65
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	20	55
54. History	80	60	20
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	135	35	100
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,255	1,345	1,910
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270	105	160
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	355	50	300
22. Legal professions and studies	615	360	260
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	35	10
42. Psychology	610	115	490
45. Social sciences	1,310	670	645
Business, management and public administration	4,645	2,300	2,340
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	230	40	190
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,405	2,260	2,145
Physical and life sciences and technologies	950	440	510
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	345	105	245
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	200	120	85
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	15	10
40. Physical sciences	340	185	155
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,005	665	340
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	720	525	190
25. Library science	110	20	85
27. Mathematics and statistics	155	100	55
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,465	1,950	510
04. Architecture and related services	140	95	50
14. Engineering	1,390	1,025	365
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	365	270	95
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	185	180	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	285	285	0
48. Precision production	100	100	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	125	70	50
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95	55	35
03. Natural resources and conservation	30	15	20
Health and related fields	2,450	765	1,680
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	100	35	65
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,165	605	1,560
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	185	130	55
Personal, protective and transportation services	510	210	295
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	395	120	275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	45	25	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	70	65	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	14,825	6,920	7,905
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,600	1,420	1,180
Education	740	105	635
13. Education	740	105	635
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	500	195	305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	485	185	300
Humanities	715	230	490
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	165	30	135
23. English language and literature/letters	125	40	85
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	190	50	140
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	25	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	20	40
54. History	50	45	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	15	45
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,230	870	1,360
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	10	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	215	65	145
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	265	30	230
22. Legal professions and studies	460	225	230
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	20	0
42. Psychology	375	70	305
45. Social sciences	845	440	405
Business, management and public administration	3,160	1,490	1,665
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	165	40	130
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,990	1,455	1,535
Physical and life sciences and technologies	545	205	340
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	250	60	190
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85	45	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	185	90	100
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	15	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	785	565	225
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	630	480	150
25. Library science	45	15	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	60	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,670	1,290	385
04. Architecture and related services	100	65	35
14. Engineering	995	715	280
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	230	160	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	100	95	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	205	205	0
48. Precision production	45	45	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	80	40	40
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	65	40	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	0	15
Health and related fields	1,490	400	1,095
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	80	25	55
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,310	315	995
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	55	45
Personal, protective and transportation services	310	120	190
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	225	60	165
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	30	15	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	55	50	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	14,825	6,920	7,905
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,600	1,420	1,180
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	12,225	5,500	6,725
Location of study inside Canada	7,715	3,490	4,225
Same as province or territory of residence	7,340	3,320	4,020
Different than province or territory of residence	375	165	205
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,510	2,015	2,500
Americas	670	340	335
United States of America	345	205	140
Mexico	35	20	20
Cuba	20	10	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	65	25	40
Colombia	100	45	55
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10
Other locations of study in Americas	80	35	50
Europe	1,080	485	595
Belgium	0	0	0
France	200	95	105
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	10	10	0
Moldova¹⁸³	150	75	75
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	115	55	60
Russian Federation	215	90	125
Ukraine	150	65	85
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	20	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	175	65	110
Africa	470	230	240
Nigeria	90	30	55
Algeria	40	25	15
Morocco	80	40	45
Tunisia	30	15	20
Egypt	35	15	20
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Africa	185	100	85
Asia	2,265	955	1,310
Iran⁸⁸	800	370	425
Iraq	35	15	15
Israel	220	110	110
Lebanon	25	15	15
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	15
Turkey	15	10	0
China⁹⁰	210	95	115
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	80	25	55
Philippines	580	160	420
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	180	80	95
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	75	40	40
Oceania	25	0	20
Australia	20	0	15
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	27,715	12,660	15,055
In the labour force	15,980	8,175	7,805
Employed	14,110	7,265	6,845
Unemployed	1,870	910	955
Not in the labour force	11,730	4,480	7,250
Participation rate	57.7	64.6	51.8
Employment rate	50.9	57.4	45.5
Unemployment rate	11.7	11.1	12.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	27,715	12,660	15,055
Did not work¹⁸⁶	12,290	4,755	7,540
Worked	15,420	7,910	7,520
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,230	4,050	3,175
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	8,195	3,855	4,335
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.1	40.5	37.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	15,980	8,175	7,805
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	595	260	340
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	15,385	7,920	7,460
Employee	12,055	5,595	6,460
Permanent position	9,770	4,655	5,115
Temporary position	2,280	940	1,345
Fixed term (1 year or more)	985	420	570
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,295	520	775
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,325	2,320	1,005
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	15,980	8,175	7,805
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	595	260	340
All occupations¹⁹¹	15,385	7,920	7,460
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	500	415	90
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,420	1,470	1,950
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,415	1,065	350
3 Health occupations	1,505	420	1,085
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,335	705	1,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	585	290	290
6 Sales and service occupations	3,650	1,930	1,720
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,415	1,265	155
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	85	50	35
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	475	305	170
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	15,980	8,175	7,805
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	595	260	340
All industries¹⁹¹	15,385	7,920	7,460
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	30	10	20
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0
22 Utilities	30	15	20
23 Construction	470	375	95
31-33 Manufacturing	1,115	780	335
41 Wholesale trade	845	505	340
44-45 Retail trade	1,935	1,045	895
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	750	555	190
51 Information and cultural industries	335	230	105
52 Finance and insurance	760	425	340
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	550	350	195
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,180	1,370	815
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	625	340	280
61 Educational services	1,470	430	1,040
62 Health care and social assistance	2,335	625	1,710
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	285	150	135
72 Accommodation and food services	580	285	295
81 Other services (except public administration)	760	250	510
91 Public administration	325	165	155
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	17,130	8,740	8,385
English	6,205	3,080	3,125
French	2,005	1,025	980
Non-official language	125	70	50
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	125	70	50
English and French	8,030	4,195	3,835
English and non-official language(s)	300	125	175
French and non-official language(s)	75	30	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	385	210	175
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	17,130	8,740	8,385
Single responses	14,755	7,515	7,235
Official languages	14,505	7,390	7,110
English	10,465	5,320	5,150
French	4,040	2,080	1,960
Non-official languages	250	120	130
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	250	120	130
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	10	35
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	10	35
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	40	10	30
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	125	60	65
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	20	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	50	20	35
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	50	15	35
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	25	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	25	15
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	35	25	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	30	25	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	20	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	20	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	35	25
Chinese languages	65	35	25
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	65	35	25
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,380	1,230	1,145
English and French	2,275	1,185	1,095
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	20
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	25
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	17,130	8,740	8,385
None	10,540	5,320	5,220
English	2,005	1,020	990
French	4,010	2,115	1,890
Non-official language	330	145	185
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	330	145	185
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	75	50	25
French and non-official language(s)	110	60	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	45	30	20
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	14,110	7,265	6,850
Worked at home	4,150	2,135	2,010
Worked outside Canada	55	40	15
No fixed workplace address	1,165	845	325
Usual place of work	8,740	4,245	4,490
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,740	4,245	4,490
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,845	730	1,115
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,340	3,175	3,165
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	530	325	205
Commute to a different province or territory	25	15	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	9,905	5,085	4,815
Car, truck or van	7,370	4,190	3,185
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,825	4,010	2,815
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	545	180	370
Public transit	1,745	595	1,155
Walked	475	150	325
Bicycle	40	30	10
Other method	275	125	145
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	9,905	5,085	4,815
Less than 15 minutes	1,940	795	1,140
15 to 29 minutes	3,855	2,070	1,780
30 to 44 minutes	2,655	1,480	1,175
45 to 59 minutes	720	360	365
60 minutes and over	740	380	360
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	9,905	5,085	4,815
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	330	220	105
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	900	535	365
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,515	1,205	1,310
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,715	1,355	1,360
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,135	1,015	1,120
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,315	755	560
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	7,310	3,755	3,550
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,205	2,145	2,060
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,105	1,610	1,495
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,290	2,705	2,585
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,145	1,600	1,545
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,745	1,390	1,355
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	400	205	195
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,150	1,115	1,040

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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