Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Mont-Royal, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	20,953	...	...
Population, 2016¹	20,276	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	8,192	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,732	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,776.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7.55	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	20,955	10,050	10,900
0 to 14 years	4,260	2,200	2,060
0 to 4 years	935	470	465
5 to 9 years	1,545	785	760
10 to 14 years	1,780	940	840
15 to 64 years	12,770	6,130	6,640
15 to 19 years	1,560	815	750
20 to 24 years	1,235	640	590
25 to 29 years	805	400	410
30 to 34 years	780	355	430
35 to 39 years	1,235	525	715
40 to 44 years	1,565	695	875
45 to 49 years	1,600	750	850
50 to 54 years	1,450	700	750
55 to 59 years	1,395	700	695
60 to 64 years	1,135	560	575
65 years and over	3,925	1,725	2,200
65 to 69 years	990	470	520
70 to 74 years	890	405	485
75 to 79 years	755	340	410
80 to 84 years	550	225	325
85 years and over	740	280	455
85 to 89 years	420	180	240
90 to 94 years	255	85	165
95 to 99 years	60	15	45
100 years and over	10	0	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.3	21.9	18.9
15 to 64 years	60.9	61.0	60.9
65 years and over	18.7	17.2	20.2
85 years and over	3.5	2.8	4.2
Average age of the population	40.9	39.6	42.1
Median age of the population	42.0	40.8	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,730	...	...
Single-detached house	2,500	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,355	...	...
Row house	215	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	500	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,090	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,065	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,730	...	...
1 person	1,905	...	...
2 persons	2,145	...	...
3 persons	1,280	...	...
4 persons	1,610	...	...
5 or more persons	795	...	...
Number of persons in private households	20,690	9,990	10,705
Average household size	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	16,695	7,855	8,845
Married or living common-law	10,065	4,990	5,070
Married	8,605	4,260	4,345
Living common-law	1,455	730	725
Living common law - Never married	1,080	530	550
Living common law - Separated	25	10	10
Living common law - Divorced	330	175	155
Living common law - Widowed	25	10	10
Not married and not living common-law	6,635	2,860	3,770
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,740	2,380	2,355
Not married and not living common law - Separated	300	95	205
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	865	255	615
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	730	135	600
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,765	...	...
2 persons	2,175	...	...
3 persons	1,285	...	...
4 persons	1,610	...	...
5 or more persons	695	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,765	...	...
Total couple families	4,880	...	...
Married couples	4,150	...	...
With children⁶	2,795	...	...
Without children	1,355	...	...
Common-law couples	730	...	...
With children⁶	405	...	...
Without children	325	...	...
Total one-parent families	885	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	710	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	180	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	20,690	9,990	10,705
Total - Persons in census families	18,290	9,030	9,265
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,755	4,880	4,880
Parents in one-parent families	885	180	705
Children⁶	7,650	3,970	3,675
In a two-parent family	6,255	3,240	3,015
In a one-parent family	1,390	730	660
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,400	955	1,445
Living alone	1,900	745	1,155
Living with other relatives⁷	290	105	180
Living with non-relatives only	210	105	105
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,730	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,445	...	...
Couple-family households	4,645	...	...
With children⁶	3,055	...	...
Without children	1,585	...	...
One-parent-family households	805	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	145	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	10	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	95	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	135	...	...
One-person households	1,900	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	16,430	7,790	8,640
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,660	7,400	8,255
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,000	61,600	46,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,660	7,400	8,260
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,400	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,530	6,945	7,585
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,400	60,000	39,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,290	5,660	5,625
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	55,200	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,820	5,005	6,815
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	9,000	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	900	355	540
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	5,160	6,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,460	2,245	2,215
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	16,430	7,790	8,640
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,660	7,370	8,295
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	105,700	137,400	77,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,670	7,375	8,290
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	71,800	89,300	56,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,605	6,970	7,640
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	104,400	137,800	73,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,290	5,710	5,585
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	97,500	122,500	71,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,695	4,970	6,720
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,140	10,530	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	910	345	560
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,560	5,800	8,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,360	2,210	2,150
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,810	8,500	9,140
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	16,430	7,790	8,640
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,230	2,840	2,390
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	101,000	120,000	86,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	164,800	202,000	120,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,755	2,245	2,505
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,500	14,600	14,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,400	49,640	37,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	92.2	94.8	87.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.4	69.0	62.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	7.9	5.2	12.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	0.2	0.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.6	2.0	3.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.3	1.9	3.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	16,435	7,795	8,640
Without total income	775	390	380
With total income	15,660	7,400	8,260
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,735	760	975
$10,000 to $19,999	1,595	720	875
$20,000 to $29,999	1,860	780	1,075
$30,000 to $39,999	1,320	545	770
$40,000 to $49,999	1,100	445	650
$50,000 to $59,999	990	395	595
$60,000 to $69,999	820	345	470
$70,000 to $79,999	720	315	410
$80,000 to $89,999	605	270	335
$90,000 to $99,999	520	235	285
$100,000 and over	4,400	2,590	1,815
$100,000 to $149,999	1,610	820	795
$150,000 and over	2,790	1,765	1,020
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	16,435	7,795	8,640
Without after-tax income	770	390	380
With after-tax income	15,665	7,405	8,260
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,860	810	1,055
$10,000 to $19,999	1,705	775	935
$20,000 to $29,999	2,060	865	1,200
$30,000 to $39,999	1,580	675	905
$40,000 to $49,999	1,385	560	825
$50,000 to $59,999	1,160	495	665
$60,000 to $69,999	930	405	520
$70,000 to $79,999	750	320	430
$80,000 to $89,999	585	295	285
$90,000 to $99,999	525	280	250
$100,000 and over	3,120	1,930	1,195
$100,000 to $124,999	895	485	410
$125,000 and over	2,225	1,445	780
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	16,435	7,795	8,640
Without employment income	5,145	2,130	3,015
With employment income	11,290	5,660	5,625
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,870	890	975
$5,000 to $9,999	1,050	480	565
$10,000 to $19,999	1,105	495	610
$20,000 to $29,999	690	290	400
$30,000 to $39,999	590	270	320
$40,000 to $49,999	585	265	325
$50,000 to $59,999	575	255	320
$60,000 to $69,999	460	235	230
$70,000 to $79,999	450	205	245
$80,000 to $89,999	400	160	240
$90,000 to $99,999	325	155	170
$100,000 and over	3,190	1,965	1,230
$100,000 to $124,999	635	340	295
$125,000 and over	2,560	1,620	935
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	16,430	7,790	8,640
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,010	7,080	7,925
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,800	64,000	46,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,015	7,085	7,935
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	52,800	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,140	6,790	7,350
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	62,800	41,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,075	5,580	5,495
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	57,600	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,360	4,205	6,155
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680	2,860	6,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	645	260	385
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,040	5,200	8,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	16,430	7,790	8,640
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,025	7,090	7,935
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	103,000	134,400	75,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,025	7,090	7,935
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,000	88,000	53,950
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,200	6,780	7,420
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	103,000	136,200	72,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,095	5,575	5,520
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	95,900	121,400	70,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,370	4,215	6,155
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,210	7,160	8,930
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	675	295	380
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,780	6,240	14,350
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	16,430	7,790	8,640
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,130	2,765	2,365
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	95,000	115,000	79,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	154,600	188,800	114,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,315	2,065	2,245
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	24,200	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	52,200	64,100	41,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	94.4	96.8	90.8
Employment income (%)	68.8	71.0	65.0
Government transfers (%)	5.5	3.2	9.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	0.2	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,730	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,900	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,830	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	162,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,730	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	214,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	145,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,915	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	63,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,815	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	256,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	172,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,730	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	70	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	95	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	235	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	205	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	190	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	175	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	200	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	395	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	390	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	340	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	300	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	295	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,455	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	635	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	485	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	805	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,525	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,730	...	...
Under $5,000	170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	65	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	75	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	110	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	240	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	235	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	215	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	215	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	265	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	240	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	500	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	435	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	410	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	375	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	335	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,845	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	730	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	560	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,560	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,760	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,595	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,215	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	210,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	855	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,115	855	1,260
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,800	48,800	48,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	42,000	42,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,740	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	258,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	173,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,620	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	237,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	161,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,215	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	309,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	203,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	840	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	114,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,125	885	1,245
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	80,800	93,200	72,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	60,450	64,200	57,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	20,695	9,990	10,700
0 to 17 years	5,245	2,710	2,540
0 to 5 years	1,225	620	600
18 to 64 years	11,770	5,615	6,160
65 years and over	3,675	1,670	2,005
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,215	990	1,225
0 to 17 years	635	320	320
0 to 5 years	140	60	80
18 to 64 years	1,210	545	660
65 years and over	370	125	245
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.7	9.9	11.5
0 to 17 years (%)	12.2	11.8	12.6
0 to 5 years (%)	11.6	10.0	12.8
18 to 64 years (%)	10.3	9.8	10.7
65 years and over (%)	10.0	7.4	12.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	20,690	9,990	10,705
0 to 17 years	5,240	2,705	2,540
0 to 5 years	1,225	620	605
18 to 64 years	11,775	5,610	6,160
65 years and over	3,675	1,670	2,005
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,380	645	735
0 to 17 years	395	195	195
0 to 5 years	80	35	45
18 to 64 years	820	395	425
65 years and over	165	50	110
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.7	6.4	6.9
0 to 17 years (%)	7.4	7.2	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	6.5	6.4	6.8
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	7.0	6.9
65 years and over (%)	4.5	3.1	5.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	20,695	9,990	10,700
In bottom half of the distribution	7,355	3,385	3,970
In bottom decile	1,895	855	1,040
In second decile	1,485	655	825
In third decile	1,405	660	740
In fourth decile	1,320	605	715
In fifth decile	1,250	600	645
In top half of the distribution	13,340	6,605	6,735
In sixth decile	1,115	545	565
In seventh decile	1,355	655	705
In eighth decile	1,610	775	835
In ninth decile	2,185	1,085	1,100
In top decile	7,065	3,540	3,530
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	20,690	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.518	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.574	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.457	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	7.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	20,695	9,990	10,705
English only	2,150	1,070	1,075
French only	2,070	895	1,175
English and French	16,120	7,865	8,255
Neither English nor French	350	155	200
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	20,695	9,990	10,705
English	6,905	3,420	3,485
French	10,700	5,125	5,575
English and French	2,755	1,300	1,455
Neither English nor French	335	145	190
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	20,695	9,990	10,705
Single responses	18,955	9,140	9,810
Official languages	11,715	5,730	5,980
English	3,595	1,785	1,810
French	8,120	3,945	4,175
Non-official languages	7,235	3,415	3,825
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,235	3,415	3,825
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,630	810	825
Berber languages	15	10	5
Kabyle	10	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,605	800	810
Amharic	5	0	0
Arabic	1,555	775	780
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	40	20	25
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	560	270	290
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0
Vietnamese	550	265	280
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	85	25	60
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	5
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	20	50
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	45	15	30
Haitian Creole	35	10	25
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Dravidian languages	30	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	5
Tamil	20	10	5
Telugu	0	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,255	1,540	1,715
Albanian	30	15	15
Armenian	200	95	105
Balto-Slavic languages	510	210	295
Baltic languages	5	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	5
Slavic languages	500	210	290
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	40	15	25
Czech	5	5	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	70	25	45
Russian	300	125	175
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	30
Bosnian	5	5	0
Croatian	20	10	15
Serbian	30	15	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	100	40	55
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	75	30	50
German	65	20	45
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	5	0
Yiddish	10	5	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	10	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	480	240	240
Indo-Iranian languages	550	280	270
Indo-Aryan languages	265	135	125
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	60	35	25
Gujarati	40	15	25
Hindi	25	15	15
Kacchi	15	5	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	30	20
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	70	35	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	285	145	145
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	5
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	280	140	140
Dari	5	5	5
Iranian Persian	260	130	130
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,390	655	735
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	505	240	265
Portuguese	145	75	70
Romanian	325	140	185
Spanish	415	195	220
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	25	5	15
Korean	110	45	65
Mongolian	40	20	20
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	0	5
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	5	5	5
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,280	580	700
Chinese languages	1,275	575	700
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,075	475	600
Min Dong	5	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	5
Yue (Cantonese)	155	80	70
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	60	30	30
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	55	25	30
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	70	35	30
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	5
Hungarian	65	35	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Multiple responses	1,740	850	895
English and French	645	320	325
English and non-official language(s)	335	175	155
French and non-official language(s)	465	220	245
English, French and non-official language(s)	230	105	130
Multiple non-official languages	65	35	35
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	20,695	9,990	10,705
English	3,895	1,910	1,985
French	6,820	3,320	3,500
Non-official language	2,265	1,060	1,210
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	2,265	1,060	1,210
English and French	2,425	1,205	1,225
English and non-official language(s)	1,415	695	720
French and non-official language(s)	1,340	600	740
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,395	1,135	1,255
Multiple non-official languages	135	65	70
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	20,695	9,990	10,705
Single responses	18,760	9,080	9,680
Official languages	14,645	7,160	7,490
English	5,720	2,830	2,890
French	8,930	4,330	4,595
Non-official languages	4,110	1,920	2,195
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,110	1,920	2,195
Afro-Asiatic languages	760	370	385
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	750	365	385
Amharic	5	0	0
Arabic	730	360	370
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	5	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	380	195	190
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	380	195	185
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	10	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	15	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	10	0	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	5
Tamil	20	10	5
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,605	740	865
Albanian	15	5	5
Armenian	110	55	55
Balto-Slavic languages	310	135	180
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	305	135	175
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	25	10	15
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	5	10
Russian	230	100	130
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	5	5	5
Serbian	20	5	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	5	5
German	10	5	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	160	75	90
Indo-Iranian languages	395	195	205
Indo-Aryan languages	155	70	85
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	35	20	15
Gujarati	30	15	20
Hindi	10	5	5
Kacchi	10	5	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	20
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	45	25	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	240	120	120
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	235	120	120
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	230	115	115
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	600	275	325
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	50	15	40
Portuguese	95	55	40
Romanian	195	85	110
Spanish	255	115	140
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0
Korean	90	40	55
Mongolian	40	20	20
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	5
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5
American Sign Language	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,070	490	580
Chinese languages	1,065	485	580
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	935	420	510
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5
Yue (Cantonese)	100	50	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	30	15	20
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	15	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	15	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,935	915	1,025
English and French	775	365	410
English and non-official language(s)	380	190	190
French and non-official language(s)	470	205	265
English, French and non-official language(s)	285	140	145
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	20,695	9,990	10,705
None	14,385	6,955	7,430
English	1,755	840	915
French	1,335	650	685
Non-official language	1,390	655	735
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,390	655	735
English and French	620	300	325
English and non-official language(s)	540	265	280
French and non-official language(s)	510	250	265
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	25	30
Multiple non-official languages	100	50	50
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	20,690	9,990	10,700
Official languages	20,340	9,835	10,510
English	18,295	8,960	9,330
French	18,190	8,775	9,415
Non-official languages	11,240	5,365	5,880
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,240	5,365	5,880
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,960	1,465	1,490
Berber languages	10	10	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	2,960	1,465	1,490
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	2,730	1,360	1,370
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	245	120	125
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	695	375	315
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10
Vietnamese	685	375	310
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	145	55	90
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	0	10
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	50	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	165	65	100
Haitian Creole	145	60	90
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	10	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	35	20	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	30	15	15
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,130	2,990	3,140
Albanian	50	30	25
Armenian	370	175	190
Balto-Slavic languages	715	325	390
Baltic languages	25	15	15
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	10	10
Slavic languages	700	320	380
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	45	10	30
Czech	20	15	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	115	50	65
Russian	495	215	275
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	20	15	15
Serbian	15	15	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	55	25	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	345	185	155
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	330	180	150
German	275	150	125
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	0	10
Yiddish	50	30	20
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	745	395	340
Indo-Iranian languages	955	520	440
Indo-Aryan languages	495	285	210
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	50	30	20
Gujarati	65	35	30
Hindi	165	115	50
Kacchi	25	10	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	70	20
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	275	140	135
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	455	235	225
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	0	10
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	440	230	205
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	435	225	200
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,455	1,610	1,845
Catalan	15	15	0
Italian	1,245	615	635
Portuguese	245	125	130
Romanian	445	205	235
Spanish	1,890	845	1,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	95	35	60
Korean	105	50	65
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	105	50	55
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	10
Lingala	20	15	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	10	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,415	625	790
Chinese languages	1,415	625	790
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,295	560	730
Min Dong	10	10	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	10	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	20	15
Yue (Cantonese)	165	75	90
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	130	70	60
Azerbaijani	15	10	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	115	65	50
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	75	30	45
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	60	25	35
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	20,690	9,990	10,705
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	40	10	35
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	30	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian)	30	0	25
Métis	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous identity	20,650	9,985	10,670
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	20,690	9,990	10,705
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	35	10	25
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	20,655	9,985	10,680
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,735	...	...
Owner	5,030	...	...
Renter	2,700	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,735	...	...
Condominium	1,710	...	...
Not condominium	6,025	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,735	...	...
No bedrooms	35	...	...
1 bedroom	1,260	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,800	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,020	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,735	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,585	...	...
5 rooms	785	...	...
6 rooms	560	...	...
7 rooms	730	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,065	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,735	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,470	...	...
More than one person per room	260	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,735	...	...
Suitable	7,110	...	...
Not suitable	615	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,735	...	...
1960 or before	4,905	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,455	...	...
1981 to 1990	245	...	...
1991 to 2000	225	...	...
2001 to 2005	125	...	...
2006 to 2010	95	...	...
2011 to 2015	360	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	320	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,735	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,190	...	...
Major repairs needed	540	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,735	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,215	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,410	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	115	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,735	...	...
15 to 24 years	115	...	...
25 to 34 years	530	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,490	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,725	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,500	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,165	...	...
75 to 84 years	825	...	...
85 years and over	390	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,685	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,015	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,670	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,360	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,735	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,495	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,385	...	...
Not suitable only	435	...	...
Major repairs needed only	355	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	135	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	140	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,235	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,375	...	...
In core need	430	...	...
Not in core need	6,940	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,030	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	47.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,570	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,286	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,390,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,480,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,705	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	2.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,324	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	20,695	9,990	10,705
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	20	0	15
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	20	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	20	0	15
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	155	75	80
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	155	75	80
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	150	75	75
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	20,520	9,910	10,610
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	20,695	9,985	10,705
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	17,780	8,600	9,175
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,405	2,265	2,130
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,380	6,335	7,045
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,915	1,390	1,520
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	20,695	9,985	10,705
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	12,360	6,110	6,250
Immigrants⁸¹	7,190	3,305	3,885
Before 1980	1,685	780	905
1980 to 1990	865	470	395
1991 to 2000	850	375	470
2001 to 2010	1,370	570	795
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,425	1,110	1,315
2011 to 2015	1,125	510	615
2016 to 2021	1,295	600	700
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,140	575	570
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,190	3,305	3,885
Under 5 years	645	265	380
5 to 14 years	1,400	675	725
15 to 24 years	1,190	540	650
25 to 44 years	3,310	1,510	1,800
45 years and over	645	310	335
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,190	3,305	3,885
Americas	685	295	390
Brazil	70	35	30
Colombia	80	30	50
El Salvador	10	10	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	125	40	80
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	35	0	25
Peru	35	15	20
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	185	90	95
Other places of birth in Americas	150	60	85
Europe	2,020	890	1,130
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	665	305	360
Germany	55	10	45
Greece	150	85	70
Hungary	15	0	10
Italy	120	55	65
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	70	35	30
Portugal	20	0	15
Romania	270	130	145
Russian Federation	105	30	75
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	45	15	30
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	35	20
Other places of birth in Europe	430	175	255
Africa	1,145	580	560
Algeria	135	70	60
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0
Egypt	340	165	175
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	235	115	120
Nigeria	20	15	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	385	190	195
Asia	3,340	1,535	1,800
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	245	120	120
Iraq	85	35	50
Lebanon	770	360	405
Syria⁸⁹	380	175	205
Turkey	40	25	15
China⁹⁰	670	305	360
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	0	20
Taiwan	20	0	10
Philippines	110	45	70
Viet Nam	450	225	225
Bangladesh	25	20	10
India	60	30	30
Pakistan	155	70	80
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	275	105	170
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,295	600	700
Americas	80	40	40
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	15	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	25	20	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10
Europe	305	140	165
France	100	55	45
Germany	15	0	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	10
Russian Federation	15	10	10
Ukraine	15	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	140	60	80
Africa	180	90	90
Algeria	30	20	10
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	10	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	15	0	15
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	70	25	45
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	0
Asia	735	330	405
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	0
China⁹⁰	330	155	180
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	60	25	30
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	25	10	10
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	35	15	20
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	130	60	65
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	15	10	15
Viet Nam	60	30	30
Other places of birth in Asia	55	15	35
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	20,690	9,990	10,700
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,700	4,095	4,605
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,410	2,695	2,710
Third generation or more¹⁰²	6,580	3,195	3,385
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,505	2,525	2,980
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,035	1,980	2,050
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,625	910	720
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,410	1,070	1,340
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	975	315	660
Refugees¹⁰⁸	420	210	205
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	70	15	55
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,505	2,525	2,980
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	170	75	90
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	435	185	245
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	195	110	85
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	225	105	125
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	40	15	25
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,440	2,030	2,410
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	20,690	9,990	10,705
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,695	3,240	3,455
South Asian	610	330	285
Chinese	1,540	685	850
Black	570	270	305
Filipino	150	65	90
Arab	1,770	880	895
Latin American	355	175	185
Southeast Asian	820	430	385
West Asian	445	230	215
Korean	110	45	65
Japanese	40	0	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	65	20	45
Multiple visible minorities	215	105	115
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	14,000	6,750	7,250
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	20,690	9,990	10,700
Canadian	1,890	930	965
English	495	220	275
Irish	925	480	445
Scottish	550	230	320
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,805	1,810	1,995
German	370	195	180
Chinese	1,585	730	855
Italian	1,620	805	810
Indian (India)	295	155	140
Ukrainian	240	130	110
Dutch	60	25	35
Polish	455	205	250
Québécois	660	340	325
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	175	95	80
Filipino	165	75	90
French Canadian	600	315	285
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	220	110	110
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	95	45	55
Métis	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	440	215	225
Russian	440	190	250
Norwegian	40	20	20
Welsh	60	40	20
Portuguese	235	85	150
American	155	85	70
Spanish	305	150	160
Swedish	25	10	15
Hungarian	140	80	60
Acadian	80	35	50
Pakistani	190	100	90
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	250	100	150
Jewish	725	380	350
Punjabi	25	25	0
Vietnamese	770	425	345
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	600	270	335
Greek	1,020	535	485
Jamaican	20	0	15
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	170	65	105
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	110	45	65
Romanian	490	240	250
Lebanese	1,990	975	1,015
Iranian	315	175	140
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	195	85	115
Danish	15	0	15
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	25	20	10
Sikh	10	10	0
Austrian	55	15	40
Belgian	165	70	90
Haitian	205	100	110
Hindu	30	30	0
Mexican	105	30	70
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	50	25	20
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	30	20	10
Croatian	35	25	15
Japanese	45	10	35
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	0	15
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0
Muslim	65	45	20
Egyptian	385	225	155
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	85	55	20
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	15	10	10
Colombian	145	60	85
Moroccan	210	95	110
Czech	60	30	30
Syrian	735	325	410
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	15	0	10
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	15	15
Serbian	25	10	15
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	0	0
Persian	125	65	55
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	10	0
Turkish	100	50	50
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	20	15	0
Algerian	210	110	100
Brazilian	115	70	45
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	595	265	325
Slovak	35	15	20
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	45	30	15
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	20	0	15
Iraqi	85	45	40
Salvadorean	20	10	15
African Caribbean	40	15	20
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	0	10
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	105	45	65
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	0	20
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	60	35	25
South African	0	0	0
Australian	15	10	0
Palestinian	65	25	40
Chilean	15	10	0
Congolese	15	10	10
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	80	50	35
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0
Berber	75	45	30
Albanian	45	25	20
Maltese	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	25	20	10
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	10	10
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	10	10
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	110	45	60
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	0
Bulgarian	55	15	30
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	15	10	0
African American	10	0	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	235	145	95
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	45	30	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	20	15	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	10
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	20	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	15	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	60	35	30
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	20	10	15
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	25	10	20
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	95	40	60
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	20	15	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	125	75	50
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	10	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	40	15	20
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	30	15	10
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	50	25	30
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	40	15	25
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	20	10	10
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	20	15	0
Uruguayan	30	20	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	20	10	15
Kashmiri	25	10	15
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	20,690	9,990	10,705
Buddhist	520	280	235
Christian	12,050	5,535	6,515
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,260	600	660
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	160	85	75
Baptist	90	40	50
Catholic	7,815	3,580	4,240
Christian Orthodox	2,285	1,050	1,235
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	35	0	30
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	35	10	25
Presbyterian	50	15	35
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	85	20	60
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	220	120	105
Hindu	145	90	60
Jewish	1,330	645	680
Muslim	1,960	1,020	940
Sikh	10	10	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	25	15	15
No religion and secular perspectives	4,645	2,385	2,255
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	20,520	9,900	10,620
Non-movers	18,540	8,885	9,650
Movers	1,985	1,015	970
Non-migrants	1,395	695	700
Migrants	595	320	275
Internal migrants	340	175	165
Intraprovincial migrants	280	135	140
Interprovincial migrants	60	35	30
External migrants	255	145	110
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	19,765	9,535	10,235
Non-movers	11,840	5,720	6,120
Movers	7,925	3,805	4,120
Non-migrants	1,905	895	1,010
Migrants	6,020	2,915	3,110
Internal migrants	3,685	1,805	1,885
Intraprovincial migrants	3,460	1,675	1,785
Interprovincial migrants	225	130	95
External migrants	2,335	1,110	1,225
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,430	7,790	8,640
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,325	665	660
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	15,105	7,125	7,985
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,920	4,625	5,295
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	220	135	85
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,700	4,490	5,210
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,430	7,795	8,640
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,250	630	620
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,120	975	1,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,060	6,180	6,875
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,205	1,300	1,900
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	450	190	260
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	285	120	165
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	165	75	95
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,050	875	1,175
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	705	235	465
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,855	4,880	4,975
Bachelor's degree	4,695	2,190	2,505
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	940	445	500
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	890	505	385
Master's degree	2,710	1,385	1,325
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	615	360	255
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,925	4,630	5,300
No certificate, diploma or degree	175	110	65
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	715	345	370
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,030	4,175	4,860
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,775	710	1,065
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	295	120	175
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	190	70	115
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	100	50	55
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	960	405	555
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	520	185	335
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,255	3,465	3,795
Bachelor's degree	3,430	1,590	1,840
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	660	275	385
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	595	290	305
Master's degree	2,115	1,075	1,045
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	450	235	220
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,435	7,795	8,640
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,375	1,610	1,765
Education	545	85	460
13. Education	545	85	460
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	415	125	290
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	400	105	290
Humanities	865	285	580
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	175	15	165
23. English language and literature/letters	80	15	65
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	335	145	190
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	30	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	15	0
54. History	50	20	30
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	165	45	120
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,175	915	1,260
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	190	45	145
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	80	10	75
22. Legal professions and studies	765	370	405
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	15	30
42. Psychology	260	70	185
45. Social sciences	825	405	425
Business, management and public administration	3,770	1,900	1,875
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	80	10	75
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,670	1,880	1,795
Physical and life sciences and technologies	750	365	380
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	315	135	175
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	165	65	90
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	30	30
40. Physical sciences	205	130	75
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	655	410	240
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	480	305	175
25. Library science	35	10	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	95	50
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,595	1,215	375
04. Architecture and related services	115	50	70
14. Engineering	1,150	905	250
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	190	135	55
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	60	60	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	50	50	0
48. Precision production	25	25	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	75	30	45
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	55	15	40
03. Natural resources and conservation	20	20	0
Health and related fields	2,040	780	1,260
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	55	25	25
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,595	515	1,080
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	15	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	375	225	150
Personal, protective and transportation services	180	75	105
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	120	25	95
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	45	35	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,920	4,625	5,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	895	455	440
Education	270	25	245
13. Education	270	25	245
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	305	95	210
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	290	85	210
Humanities	425	110	310
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	0	100
23. English language and literature/letters	40	0	40
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105	35	70
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	35	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	35	15	20
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	10	75
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,575	595	985
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	145	25	115
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	60	10	50
22. Legal professions and studies	585	230	355
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	0	25
42. Psychology	180	45	130
45. Social sciences	570	260	310
Business, management and public administration	2,890	1,435	1,450
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	45	10	40
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,820	1,420	1,400
Physical and life sciences and technologies	415	200	215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	230	105	130
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	10	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10	0
40. Physical sciences	120	75	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	515	310	205
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	400	245	155
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	65	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,155	855	300
04. Architecture and related services	85	35	55
14. Engineering	850	650	200
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	140	90	50
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	40	40	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	30	30	0
48. Precision production	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	70	30	40
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	55	15	40
03. Natural resources and conservation	20	20	0
Health and related fields	1,285	470	820
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	30	20	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	995	315	675
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	10	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	250	120	125
Personal, protective and transportation services	125	45	80
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	85	10	80
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	30	25	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	9,920	4,625	5,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	895	455	440
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	9,030	4,175	4,855
Location of study inside Canada	6,200	2,830	3,370
Same as province or territory of residence	5,805	2,625	3,180
Different than province or territory of residence	400	215	185
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,830	1,335	1,490
Americas	395	210	185
United States of America	220	135	85
Mexico	20	0	15
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	50	25	25
Colombia	40	15	20
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	20	30
Europe	920	505	415
Belgium	25	15	10
France	390	220	165
Germany	20	10	15
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	15	0	15
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	90	40	55
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	65	40	25
Russian Federation	40	15	25
Ukraine	30	15	15
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	125	80	45
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	30	15	15
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	80	50	35
Africa	220	105	120
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	40	25	15
Morocco	25	0	20
Tunisia	85	50	35
Egypt	45	10	35
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	10
Asia	1,285	515	775
Iran⁸⁸	110	45	60
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	200	80	120
Syria⁸⁹	110	35	75
Turkey	15	15	0
China⁹⁰	450	165	280
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	25
Philippines	60	15	40
Viet Nam	70	15	55
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	80	55	25
Pakistan	80	35	45
Other locations of study in Asia	60	25	35
Oceania	10	10	0
Australia	10	10	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	16,430	7,795	8,640
In the labour force	10,210	5,290	4,920
Employed	9,410	4,915	4,500
Unemployed	805	375	425
Not in the labour force	6,220	2,500	3,720
Participation rate	62.1	67.9	56.9
Employment rate	57.3	63.1	52.1
Unemployment rate	7.9	7.1	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	16,435	7,795	8,640
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,740	2,290	3,455
Worked	10,685	5,500	5,185
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,450	2,980	2,470
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,235	2,520	2,710
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.4	40.2	38.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,210	5,295	4,920
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	100	110
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	10,005	5,190	4,810
Employee	7,150	3,475	3,675
Permanent position	5,765	2,815	2,950
Temporary position	1,380	655	730
Fixed term (1 year or more)	595	275	320
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	790	380	405
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,855	1,715	1,135
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,210	5,295	4,920
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	100	110
All occupations¹⁹¹	10,005	5,190	4,810
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	570	425	140
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,330	985	1,345
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,110	795	315
3 Health occupations	1,330	535	800
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,515	590	925
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	370	125	245
6 Sales and service occupations	1,945	1,020	930
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	610	535	75
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	40	40	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	170	140	35
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,210	5,295	4,920
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	100	110
All industries¹⁹¹	10,005	5,190	4,810
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	40	25	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30	20	10
22 Utilities	75	25	50
23 Construction	270	205	65
31-33 Manufacturing	535	325	215
41 Wholesale trade	580	325	255
44-45 Retail trade	915	515	405
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	390	270	120
51 Information and cultural industries	230	155	75
52 Finance and insurance	855	455	395
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	370	205	165
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,765	1,005	765
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	30	25
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	280	165	110
61 Educational services	855	295	555
62 Health care and social assistance	1,595	615	975
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	180	75	105
72 Accommodation and food services	360	205	160
81 Other services (except public administration)	295	110	185
91 Public administration	325	155	165
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	11,295	5,815	5,485
English	1,745	920	820
French	2,795	1,265	1,525
Non-official language	115	55	65
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	115	55	65
English and French	6,130	3,270	2,855
English and non-official language(s)	105	70	35
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	370	225	140
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	11,295	5,815	5,485
Single responses	9,655	4,925	4,730
Official languages	9,495	4,850	4,650
English	4,015	2,150	1,870
French	5,480	2,700	2,780
Non-official languages	155	80	80
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	155	80	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	10	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	20	30
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	0	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	40	45
Chinese languages	90	40	45
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	80	40	40
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,640	885	755
English and French	1,500	805	685
English and non-official language(s)	60	40	15
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	11,295	5,815	5,485
None	6,185	3,080	3,105
English	2,600	1,370	1,235
French	2,155	1,145	1,005
Non-official language	120	55	65
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	120	55	65
English and French	15	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	105	75	25
French and non-official language(s)	100	70	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,410	4,915	4,495
Worked at home	3,690	1,925	1,765
Worked outside Canada	85	60	30
No fixed workplace address	435	300	135
Usual place of work	5,195	2,620	2,570
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,190	2,625	2,570
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,025	430	590
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,640	1,880	1,755
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	515	290	225
Commute to a different province or territory	25	25	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	5,630	2,925	2,705
Car, truck or van	4,100	2,210	1,895
Car, truck or van - as a driver	3,840	2,120	1,715
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	260	85	175
Public transit	865	395	465
Walked	375	140	230
Bicycle	150	115	35
Other method	150	70	80
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	5,630	2,925	2,705
Less than 15 minutes	1,105	520	580
15 to 29 minutes	2,720	1,450	1,270
30 to 44 minutes	1,325	735	595
45 to 59 minutes	320	155	170
60 minutes and over	160	70	95
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	5,630	2,925	2,705
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	95	75	15
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	420	270	155
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,430	770	660
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,890	935	955
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,285	605	680
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	510	270	240
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,350	2,760	2,590
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,690	865	820
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,660	1,890	1,765
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,300	2,230	2,070
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,380	710	675
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	955	485	470
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	425	220	205
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,920	1,525	1,400

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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