Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Mont-Royal, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	20,953	...
Population, 2016¹	20,276	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.3	3.3
Total private dwellings²	8,192	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,732	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,776.7	2,776.7
Land area in square kilometres	7.55	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	20,955	100.0
0 to 14 years	4,260	20.3
0 to 4 years	935	4.5
5 to 9 years	1,545	7.4
10 to 14 years	1,780	8.5
15 to 64 years	12,770	60.9
15 to 19 years	1,560	7.4
20 to 24 years	1,235	5.9
25 to 29 years	805	3.8
30 to 34 years	780	3.7
35 to 39 years	1,235	5.9
40 to 44 years	1,565	7.5
45 to 49 years	1,600	7.6
50 to 54 years	1,450	6.9
55 to 59 years	1,395	6.7
60 to 64 years	1,135	5.4
65 years and over	3,925	18.7
65 to 69 years	990	4.7
70 to 74 years	890	4.2
75 to 79 years	755	3.6
80 to 84 years	550	2.6
85 years and over	740	3.5
85 to 89 years	420	2.0
90 to 94 years	255	1.2
95 to 99 years	60	0.3
100 years and over	10	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.3	20.3
15 to 64 years	60.9	60.9
65 years and over	18.7	18.7
85 years and over	3.5	3.5
Average age of the population	40.9	40.9
Median age of the population	42.0	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,730	100.0
Single-detached house	2,500	32.3
Semi-detached house	1,355	17.5
Row house	215	2.8
Apartment or flat in a duplex	500	6.5
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,090	27.0
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,065	13.8
Other single-attached house	5	0.1
Movable dwelling⁴	10	0.1
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,730	100.0
1 person	1,905	24.6
2 persons	2,145	27.7
3 persons	1,280	16.6
4 persons	1,610	20.8
5 or more persons	795	10.3
Number of persons in private households	20,690	100.0
Average household size	2.7	2.7
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	16,695	100.0
Married or living common-law	10,065	60.3
Married	8,605	51.5
Living common-law	1,455	8.7
Living common law - Never married	1,080	6.5
Living common law - Separated	25	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	330	2.0
Living common law - Widowed	25	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	6,635	39.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,740	28.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	300	1.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	865	5.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	730	4.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,765	100.0
2 persons	2,175	37.7
3 persons	1,285	22.3
4 persons	1,610	27.9
5 or more persons	695	12.1
Average size of census families	3.2	3.2
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	1.9
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,765	100.0
Total couple families	4,880	84.6
Married couples	4,150	72.0
With children⁶	2,795	48.5
Without children	1,355	23.5
Common-law couples	730	12.7
With children⁶	405	7.0
Without children	325	5.6
Total one-parent families	885	15.4
in which the parent is a woman+	710	12.3
in which the parent is a man+	180	3.1
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	20,690	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	18,290	88.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,755	47.1
Parents in one-parent families	885	4.3
Children⁶	7,650	37.0
In a two-parent family	6,255	30.2
In a one-parent family	1,390	6.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,400	11.6
Living alone	1,900	9.2
Living with other relatives⁷	290	1.4
Living with non-relatives only	210	1.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,730	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,445	70.4
Couple-family households	4,645	60.1
With children⁶	3,055	39.5
Without children	1,585	20.5
One-parent-family households	805	10.4
Multigenerational households⁸	145	1.9
Multiple-census-family households⁹	10	0.1
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	95	1.2
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	135	1.7
One-person households	1,900	24.6
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	16,430	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,660	95.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,000	52,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,660	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	44,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,530	88.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,400	48,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,290	68.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	46,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,820	71.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	900	5.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,460	27.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	16,430	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,660	95.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	105,700	105,700
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,670	95.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	71,800	71,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,605	88.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	104,400	104,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,290	68.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	97,500	97,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,695	71.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,140	11,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	910	5.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,560	7,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,360	26.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,810	8,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	16,430	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,230	31.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	101,000	101,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	164,800	164,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,755	28.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,500	14,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,400	43,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	92.2	92.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.4	66.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	7.9	7.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	0.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.6	2.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.3	2.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	16,435	100.0
Without total income	775	4.7
With total income	15,660	95.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,735	11.1
$10,000 to $19,999	1,595	10.2
$20,000 to $29,999	1,860	11.9
$30,000 to $39,999	1,320	8.4
$40,000 to $49,999	1,100	7.0
$50,000 to $59,999	990	6.3
$60,000 to $69,999	820	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	720	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	605	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	520	3.3
$100,000 and over	4,400	28.1
$100,000 to $149,999	1,610	10.3
$150,000 and over	2,790	17.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	16,435	100.0
Without after-tax income	770	4.7
With after-tax income	15,665	95.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,860	11.9
$10,000 to $19,999	1,705	10.9
$20,000 to $29,999	2,060	13.2
$30,000 to $39,999	1,580	10.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,385	8.8
$50,000 to $59,999	1,160	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	930	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	750	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	585	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	525	3.4
$100,000 and over	3,120	19.9
$100,000 to $124,999	895	5.7
$125,000 and over	2,225	14.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	16,435	100.0
Without employment income	5,145	31.3
With employment income	11,290	68.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,870	16.6
$5,000 to $9,999	1,050	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	1,105	9.8
$20,000 to $29,999	690	6.1
$30,000 to $39,999	590	5.2
$40,000 to $49,999	585	5.2
$50,000 to $59,999	575	5.1
$60,000 to $69,999	460	4.1
$70,000 to $79,999	450	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	400	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	325	2.9
$100,000 and over	3,190	28.3
$100,000 to $124,999	635	5.6
$125,000 and over	2,560	22.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	16,430	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,010	91.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,800	52,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,015	91.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	44,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,140	86.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	50,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,075	67.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	48,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,360	63.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680	4,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	645	3.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,040	6,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	16,430	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,025	91.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	103,000	103,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,025	91.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,000	70,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,200	86.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	103,000	103,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,095	67.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	95,900	95,900
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,370	63.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,210	8,210
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	675	4.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,780	10,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	16,430	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,130	31.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	95,000	95,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	154,600	154,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,315	26.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	52,200	52,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	94.4	94.4
Employment income (%)	68.8	68.8
Government transfers (%)	5.5	5.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	0.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,730	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	123,000	123,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	99,000	99,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,900	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,200	51,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	43,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,830	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	162,000	162,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	126,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,730	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	214,000	214,000
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	145,400	145,400
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,915	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	86,000
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	63,900	63,900
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,815	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	256,400	256,400
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	172,400	172,400
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,730	100.0
Under $5,000	135	1.7
$5,000 to $9,999	60	0.8
$10,000 to $14,999	70	0.9
$15,000 to $19,999	95	1.2
$20,000 to $24,999	235	3.0
$25,000 to $29,999	205	2.7
$30,000 to $34,999	190	2.5
$35,000 to $39,999	175	2.3
$40,000 to $44,999	200	2.6
$45,000 to $49,999	195	2.5
$50,000 to $59,999	395	5.1
$60,000 to $69,999	390	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	340	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	300	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	295	3.8
$100,000 and over	4,455	57.6
$100,000 to $124,999	635	8.2
$125,000 to $149,999	485	6.3
$150,000 to $199,999	805	10.4
$200,000 and over	2,525	32.7
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,730	100.0
Under $5,000	170	2.2
$5,000 to $9,999	65	0.8
$10,000 to $14,999	75	1.0
$15,000 to $19,999	110	1.4
$20,000 to $24,999	240	3.1
$25,000 to $29,999	235	3.0
$30,000 to $34,999	215	2.8
$35,000 to $39,999	215	2.8
$40,000 to $44,999	265	3.4
$45,000 to $49,999	240	3.1
$50,000 to $59,999	500	6.5
$60,000 to $69,999	435	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	410	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	375	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	335	4.3
$100,000 and over	3,845	49.7
$100,000 to $124,999	730	9.4
$125,000 to $149,999	560	7.2
$150,000 and over	2,560	33.1
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,760	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	164,000	164,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,000	127,000
Average family size of economic families	3.2	3.2
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,595	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	152,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	117,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,215	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	210,000	210,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	160,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	855	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	79,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	69,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,115	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,800	48,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	42,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,740	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	258,400	258,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	173,600	173,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,620	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	237,400	237,400
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	161,000	161,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,215	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	309,600	309,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	203,600	203,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	840	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	114,600	114,600
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200	89,200
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,125	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	80,800	80,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	60,450	60,450
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	20,695	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,245	25.3
0 to 5 years	1,225	5.9
18 to 64 years	11,770	56.9
65 years and over	3,675	17.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,215	...
0 to 17 years	635	...
0 to 5 years	140	...
18 to 64 years	1,210	...
65 years and over	370	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.7	10.7
0 to 17 years (%)	12.2	12.2
0 to 5 years (%)	11.6	11.6
18 to 64 years (%)	10.3	10.3
65 years and over (%)	10.0	10.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	20,690	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,240	25.3
0 to 5 years	1,225	5.9
18 to 64 years	11,775	56.9
65 years and over	3,675	17.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,380	...
0 to 17 years	395	...
0 to 5 years	80	...
18 to 64 years	820	...
65 years and over	165	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.7	6.7
0 to 17 years (%)	7.4	7.4
0 to 5 years (%)	6.5	6.5
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	7.0
65 years and over (%)	4.5	4.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	20,695	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	7,355	35.5
In bottom decile	1,895	9.2
In second decile	1,485	7.2
In third decile	1,405	6.8
In fourth decile	1,320	6.4
In fifth decile	1,250	6.0
In top half of the distribution	13,340	64.5
In sixth decile	1,115	5.4
In seventh decile	1,355	6.5
In eighth decile	1,610	7.8
In ninth decile	2,185	10.6
In top decile	7,065	34.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	20,690	20,690
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.518	0.518
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.574	0.574
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.457	0.457
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	7.4	7.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	20,695	100.0
English only	2,150	10.4
French only	2,070	10.0
English and French	16,120	77.9
Neither English nor French	350	1.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	20,695	100.0
English	6,905	33.4
French	10,700	51.7
English and French	2,755	13.3
Neither English nor French	335	1.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	20,695	100.0
Single responses	18,955	91.6
Official languages	11,715	56.6
English	3,595	17.4
French	8,120	39.2
Non-official languages	7,235	35.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,235	35.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,630	7.9
Berber languages	15	0.1
Kabyle	10	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,605	7.8
Amharic	5	0.0
Arabic	1,555	7.5
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	40	0.2
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	560	2.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0.0
Vietnamese	550	2.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	85	0.4
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0.0
Ilocano	5	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	45	0.2
Haitian Creole	35	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	0.1
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	10	0.0
Tamil	20	0.1
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,255	15.7
Albanian	30	0.1
Armenian	200	1.0
Balto-Slavic languages	510	2.5
Baltic languages	5	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0.0
Slavic languages	500	2.4
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	0.2
Czech	5	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	70	0.3
Russian	300	1.4
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	0.2
Bosnian	5	0.0
Croatian	20	0.1
Serbian	30	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	5	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	100	0.5
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	75	0.4
German	65	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0.0
Yiddish	10	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	10	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	480	2.3
Indo-Iranian languages	550	2.7
Indo-Aryan languages	265	1.3
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	60	0.3
Gujarati	40	0.2
Hindi	25	0.1
Kacchi	15	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	0.2
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	70	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	285	1.4
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	280	1.4
Dari	5	0.0
Iranian Persian	260	1.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,390	6.7
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	505	2.4
Portuguese	145	0.7
Romanian	325	1.6
Spanish	415	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	25	0.1
Korean	110	0.5
Mongolian	40	0.2
Niger-Congo languages	35	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	5	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	5	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,280	6.2
Chinese languages	1,275	6.2
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	1,075	5.2
Min Dong	5	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	155	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	0.3
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	55	0.3
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	70	0.3
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	5	0.0
Hungarian	65	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Multiple responses	1,740	8.4
English and French	645	3.1
English and non-official language(s)	335	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	465	2.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	230	1.1
Multiple non-official languages	65	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	20,695	100.0
English	3,895	18.8
French	6,820	33.0
Non-official language	2,265	10.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,265	10.9
English and French	2,425	11.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,415	6.8
French and non-official language(s)	1,340	6.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,395	11.6
Multiple non-official languages	135	0.7
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	20,695	100.0
Single responses	18,760	90.6
Official languages	14,645	70.8
English	5,720	27.6
French	8,930	43.2
Non-official languages	4,110	19.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,110	19.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	760	3.7
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	750	3.6
Amharic	5	0.0
Arabic	730	3.5
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	15	0.1
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	380	1.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	380	1.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	0.2
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	0.1
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	10	0.0
Tamil	20	0.1
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,605	7.8
Albanian	15	0.1
Armenian	110	0.5
Balto-Slavic languages	310	1.5
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	305	1.5
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	0.1
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	15	0.1
Russian	230	1.1
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	0.1
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	5	0.0
Serbian	20	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	0.1
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	15	0.1
German	10	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	160	0.8
Indo-Iranian languages	395	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages	155	0.7
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	35	0.2
Gujarati	30	0.1
Hindi	10	0.0
Kacchi	10	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	0.1
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	45	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	240	1.2
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	235	1.1
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	230	1.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	600	2.9
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	50	0.2
Portuguese	95	0.5
Romanian	195	0.9
Spanish	255	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	5	0.0
Korean	90	0.4
Mongolian	40	0.2
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,070	5.2
Chinese languages	1,065	5.1
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	935	4.5
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	30	0.1
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	0.1
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	30	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,935	9.4
English and French	775	3.7
English and non-official language(s)	380	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	470	2.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	285	1.4
Multiple non-official languages	25	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	20,695	100.0
None	14,385	69.5
English	1,755	8.5
French	1,335	6.5
Non-official language	1,390	6.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,390	6.7
English and French	620	3.0
English and non-official language(s)	540	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	510	2.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	100	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	20,690	100.0
Official languages	20,340	98.3
English	18,295	88.4
French	18,190	87.9
Non-official languages	11,240	54.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,240	54.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,960	14.3
Berber languages	10	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,960	14.3
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	2,730	13.2
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	245	1.2
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	695	3.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0.0
Vietnamese	685	3.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	145	0.7
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0.1
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	165	0.8
Haitian Creole	145	0.7
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	0.2
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	30	0.1
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,130	29.6
Albanian	50	0.2
Armenian	370	1.8
Balto-Slavic languages	715	3.5
Baltic languages	25	0.1
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0.1
Slavic languages	700	3.4
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	0.2
Czech	20	0.1
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	115	0.6
Russian	495	2.4
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	0.2
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	20	0.1
Serbian	15	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	10	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	345	1.7
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	330	1.6
German	275	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0.0
Yiddish	50	0.2
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	10	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	745	3.6
Indo-Iranian languages	955	4.6
Indo-Aryan languages	495	2.4
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	50	0.2
Gujarati	65	0.3
Hindi	165	0.8
Kacchi	25	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	0.4
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	275	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	455	2.2
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	15	0.1
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	440	2.1
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	435	2.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,455	16.7
Catalan	15	0.1
Italian	1,245	6.0
Portuguese	245	1.2
Romanian	445	2.2
Spanish	1,890	9.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	95	0.5
Korean	105	0.5
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	0.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	0.1
Lingala	20	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	15	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,415	6.8
Chinese languages	1,415	6.8
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	1,295	6.3
Min Dong	10	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	165	0.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	130	0.6
Azerbaijani	15	0.1
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	115	0.6
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	75	0.4
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	60	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	20,690	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	40	0.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	30	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	30	0.1
Métis	0	0.0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	20,650	99.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	20,690	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	35	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	20,655	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,735	100.0
Owner	5,030	65.0
Renter	2,700	34.9
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,735	100.0
Condominium	1,710	22.1
Not condominium	6,025	77.9
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,735	100.0
No bedrooms	35	0.5
1 bedroom	1,260	16.3
2 bedrooms	1,800	23.3
3 bedrooms	2,020	26.1
4 or more bedrooms	2,620	33.9
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,735	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	2,585	33.4
5 rooms	785	10.1
6 rooms	560	7.2
7 rooms	730	9.4
8 or more rooms	3,065	39.6
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	6.5
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,735	100.0
One person or fewer per room	7,470	96.6
More than one person per room	260	3.4
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,735	100.0
Suitable	7,110	91.9
Not suitable	615	8.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,735	100.0
1960 or before	4,905	63.4
1961 to 1980	1,455	18.8
1981 to 1990	245	3.2
1991 to 2000	225	2.9
2001 to 2005	125	1.6
2006 to 2010	95	1.2
2011 to 2015	360	4.7
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	320	4.1
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,735	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,190	93.0
Major repairs needed	540	7.0
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,735	100.0
One-maintainer household	4,215	54.5
Two-maintainer household	3,410	44.1
Three-or-more-maintainer household	115	1.5
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,735	100.0
15 to 24 years	115	1.5
25 to 34 years	530	6.9
35 to 44 years	1,490	19.3
45 to 54 years	1,725	22.3
55 to 64 years	1,500	19.4
65 to 74 years	1,165	15.1
75 to 84 years	825	10.7
85 years and over	390	5.0
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,685	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,015	78.3
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,670	21.7
30% to less than 100%	1,360	17.7
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,735	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,495	32.3
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,385	17.9
Not suitable only	435	5.6
Major repairs needed only	355	4.6
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	135	1.7
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	140	1.8
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	0.5
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	0.1
Acceptable housing	5,235	67.7
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,375	100.0
In core need	430	5.8
Not in core need	6,940	94.1
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,030	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	47.4	47.4
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.7	14.7
% in core housing need⁶³	2.1	2.1
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,570	1,570
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,286	2,286
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,390,000	1,390,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,480,000	1,480,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,705	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	2.6	2.6
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.8	34.8
% in core housing need⁶³	13.3	13.3
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,130	1,130
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,324	1,324
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	20,695	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	20	0.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	20	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	20	0.1
Métis single ancestry	0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	155	0.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	155	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	150	0.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	20,520	99.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	20,695	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	17,780	85.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,405	21.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,380	64.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,915	14.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	20,695	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	12,360	59.7
Immigrants⁸¹	7,190	34.7
Before 1980	1,685	8.1
1980 to 1990	865	4.2
1991 to 2000	850	4.1
2001 to 2010	1,370	6.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,425	11.7
2011 to 2015	1,125	5.4
2016 to 2021	1,295	6.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,140	5.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,190	100.0
Under 5 years	645	9.0
5 to 14 years	1,400	19.5
15 to 24 years	1,190	16.6
25 to 44 years	3,310	46.0
45 years and over	645	9.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,190	100.0
Americas	685	9.5
Brazil	70	1.0
Colombia	80	1.1
El Salvador	10	0.1
Guyana	0	0.0
Haiti	125	1.7
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	35	0.5
Peru	35	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0.0
United States of America	185	2.6
Other places of birth in Americas	150	2.1
Europe	2,020	28.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Croatia	0	0.0
France	665	9.2
Germany	55	0.8
Greece	150	2.1
Hungary	15	0.2
Italy	120	1.7
Netherlands	0	0.0
Poland	70	1.0
Portugal	20	0.3
Romania	270	3.8
Russian Federation	105	1.5
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Ukraine	45	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	0.8
Other places of birth in Europe	430	6.0
Africa	1,145	15.9
Algeria	135	1.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0.1
Egypt	340	4.7
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	235	3.3
Nigeria	20	0.3
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	385	5.4
Asia	3,340	46.5
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	245	3.4
Iraq	85	1.2
Lebanon	770	10.7
Syria⁸⁹	380	5.3
Turkey	40	0.6
China⁹⁰	670	9.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	0.4
Taiwan	20	0.3
Philippines	110	1.5
Viet Nam	450	6.3
Bangladesh	25	0.3
India	60	0.8
Pakistan	155	2.2
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	275	3.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,295	100.0
Americas	80	6.2
Brazil	0	0.0
Colombia	15	1.2
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	0	0.0
United States of America	25	1.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	1.2
Europe	305	23.6
France	100	7.7
Germany	15	1.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
Italy	10	0.8
Russian Federation	15	1.2
Ukraine	15	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	140	10.8
Africa	180	13.9
Algeria	30	2.3
Burundi	0	0.0
Cameroon	10	0.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0.0
Egypt	0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	15	1.2
Nigeria	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0
Tunisia	70	5.4
Other places of birth in Africa	15	1.2
Asia	735	56.8
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0.8
China⁹⁰	330	25.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
India	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	60	4.6
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Jordan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Lebanon	25	1.9
Nepal	0	0.0
Pakistan	35	2.7
Philippines	0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	130	10.0
Turkey	0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	15	1.2
Viet Nam	60	4.6
Other places of birth in Asia	55	4.2
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	20,690	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,700	42.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,410	26.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	6,580	31.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,505	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,035	73.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,625	29.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,410	43.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	975	17.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	420	7.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	70	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,505	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	170	3.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	435	7.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	195	3.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	225	4.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	40	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,440	80.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	20,690	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,695	32.4
South Asian	610	2.9
Chinese	1,540	7.4
Black	570	2.8
Filipino	150	0.7
Arab	1,770	8.6
Latin American	355	1.7
Southeast Asian	820	4.0
West Asian	445	2.2
Korean	110	0.5
Japanese	40	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	65	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	215	1.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	14,000	67.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	20,690	100.0
Canadian	1,890	9.1
English	495	2.4
Irish	925	4.5
Scottish	550	2.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,805	18.4
German	370	1.8
Chinese	1,585	7.7
Italian	1,620	7.8
Indian (India)	295	1.4
Ukrainian	240	1.2
Dutch	60	0.3
Polish	455	2.2
Québécois	660	3.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	175	0.8
Filipino	165	0.8
French Canadian	600	2.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	220	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	95	0.5
Métis	0	0.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	440	2.1
Russian	440	2.1
Norwegian	40	0.2
Welsh	60	0.3
Portuguese	235	1.1
American	155	0.7
Spanish	305	1.5
Swedish	25	0.1
Hungarian	140	0.7
Acadian	80	0.4
Pakistani	190	0.9
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	250	1.2
Jewish	725	3.5
Punjabi	25	0.1
Vietnamese	770	3.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	600	2.9
Greek	1,020	4.9
Jamaican	20	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	170	0.8
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0.0
Korean	110	0.5
Romanian	490	2.4
Lebanese	1,990	9.6
Iranian	315	1.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	195	0.9
Danish	15	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	25	0.1
Sikh	10	0.0
Austrian	55	0.3
Belgian	165	0.8
Haitian	205	1.0
Hindu	30	0.1
Mexican	105	0.5
Mennonite	0	0.0
Swiss	50	0.2
Finnish	0	0.0
Sri Lankan	30	0.1
Croatian	35	0.2
Japanese	45	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0.0
Muslim	65	0.3
Egyptian	385	1.9
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	85	0.4
Tamil	0	0.0
Icelandic	15	0.1
Colombian	145	0.7
Moroccan	210	1.0
Czech	60	0.3
Syrian	735	3.6
Guyanese	0	0.0
Afghan	15	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	0.1
Serbian	25	0.1
Ojibway	0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0.0
Ontarian	10	0.0
Persian	125	0.6
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	0.1
Turkish	100	0.5
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0.0
Bangladeshi	20	0.1
Algerian	210	1.0
Brazilian	115	0.6
Nigerian	0	0.0
Armenian	595	2.9
Slovak	35	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	45	0.2
Somali	0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	0.1
Iraqi	85	0.4
Salvadorean	20	0.1
African Caribbean	40	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	105	0.5
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	0.1
Algonquin	0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0.0
Lithuanian	60	0.3
South African	0	0.0
Australian	15	0.1
Palestinian	65	0.3
Chilean	15	0.1
Congolese	15	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0.0
Peruvian	80	0.4
Yoruba	0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0.0
Berber	75	0.4
Albanian	45	0.2
Maltese	10	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Slovenian	25	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0.0
Gujarati	20	0.1
Eritrean	0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0.0
Israeli	110	0.5
Mohawk	0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0.0
Bulgarian	55	0.3
Albertan	0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0.0
Barbadian	15	0.1
African American	10	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0.0
Tunisian	235	1.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0.0
Cuban	45	0.2
Bosnian	0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0.0
Latvian	20	0.1
Bengali	0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Laotian	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0.1
British Columbian	0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0.0
Argentinian	20	0.1
Estonian	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Jatt	0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0.0
Coptic	15	0.1
Thai	0	0.0
Dominican	60	0.3
Nepali	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Assyrian	20	0.1
Igbo	0	0.0
Byelorussian	25	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0.0
Moldovan	95	0.5
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0.0
Sudanese	20	0.1
Breton	0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	125	0.6
Huron (Wendat)	0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0.0
Norman	0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0.0
Burundian	0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0.0
Mauritian	10	0.0
Kenyan	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0
Rwandan	40	0.2
Grenadian	0	0.0
Malayali	0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0.0
Mayan	0	0.0
Honduran	30	0.1
Cherokee	0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0.0
Flemish	0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	50	0.2
Sicilian	0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Goan	0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Mongolian	40	0.2
Azorean	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Bamileke	20	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0.0
Central African	0	0.0
Libyan	0	0.0
Basque	20	0.1
Uruguayan	30	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0.0
Igorot	0	0.0
Fulani	0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0
Guinean	0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0.0
Beninese	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Roma	0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Malagasy	20	0.1
Kashmiri	25	0.1
Singaporean	0	0.0
Karen	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Tajik	0	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	20,690	100.0
Buddhist	520	2.5
Christian	12,050	58.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,260	6.1
Anabaptist	0	0.0
Anglican	160	0.8
Baptist	90	0.4
Catholic	7,815	37.8
Christian Orthodox	2,285	11.0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0.0
Latter Day Saints	0	0.0
Lutheran	35	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	35	0.2
Presbyterian	50	0.2
Reformed	0	0.0
United Church	85	0.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	220	1.1
Hindu	145	0.7
Jewish	1,330	6.4
Muslim	1,960	9.5
Sikh	10	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	25	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	4,645	22.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	20,520	100.0
Non-movers	18,540	90.4
Movers	1,985	9.7
Non-migrants	1,395	6.8
Migrants	595	2.9
Internal migrants	340	1.7
Intraprovincial migrants	280	1.4
Interprovincial migrants	60	0.3
External migrants	255	1.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	19,765	100.0
Non-movers	11,840	59.9
Movers	7,925	40.1
Non-migrants	1,905	9.6
Migrants	6,020	30.5
Internal migrants	3,685	18.6
Intraprovincial migrants	3,460	17.5
Interprovincial migrants	225	1.1
External migrants	2,335	11.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,430	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,325	8.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	15,105	91.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,920	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	220	2.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,700	97.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,430	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,250	7.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,120	12.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,060	79.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,205	19.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	450	2.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	285	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	165	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,050	12.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	705	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,855	60.0
Bachelor's degree	4,695	28.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	940	5.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	890	5.4
Master's degree	2,710	16.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	615	3.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,925	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	175	1.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	715	7.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,030	91.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,775	17.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	295	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	190	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	100	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	960	9.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	520	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,255	73.1
Bachelor's degree	3,430	34.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	660	6.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	595	6.0
Master's degree	2,115	21.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	450	4.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,435	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,375	20.5
Education	545	3.3
13. Education	545	3.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	415	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	400	2.4
Humanities	865	5.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	175	1.1
23. English language and literature/letters	80	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	335	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0.1
54. History	50	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	165	1.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,175	13.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	190	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	80	0.5
22. Legal professions and studies	765	4.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	0.3
42. Psychology	260	1.6
45. Social sciences	825	5.0
Business, management and public administration	3,770	22.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	80	0.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,670	22.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	750	4.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	315	1.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	165	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	0.3
40. Physical sciences	205	1.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	655	4.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	480	2.9
25. Library science	35	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	0.9
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,595	9.7
04. Architecture and related services	115	0.7
14. Engineering	1,150	7.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	190	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	60	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	50	0.3
48. Precision production	25	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	75	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	55	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	20	0.1
Health and related fields	2,040	12.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	55	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,595	9.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	375	2.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	180	1.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	120	0.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	10	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	45	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,920	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	895	9.0
Education	270	2.7
13. Education	270	2.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	305	3.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	290	2.9
Humanities	425	4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	1.1
23. English language and literature/letters	40	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	0.5
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0.0
54. History	35	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	0.9
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,575	15.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	145	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	60	0.6
22. Legal professions and studies	585	5.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	0.3
42. Psychology	180	1.8
45. Social sciences	570	5.7
Business, management and public administration	2,890	29.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0.2
44. Public administration and social service professions	45	0.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,820	28.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	415	4.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	230	2.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0.1
40. Physical sciences	120	1.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	515	5.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	400	4.0
25. Library science	0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	1.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,155	11.6
04. Architecture and related services	85	0.9
14. Engineering	850	8.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	140	1.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	40	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	30	0.3
48. Precision production	15	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	70	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	55	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	20	0.2
Health and related fields	1,285	13.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	30	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	995	10.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0.2
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	250	2.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	125	1.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	85	0.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	10	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	30	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	9,920	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	895	9.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	9,030	91.0
Location of study inside Canada	6,200	62.5
Same as province or territory of residence	5,805	58.5
Different than province or territory of residence	400	4.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,830	28.5
Americas	395	4.0
United States of America	220	2.2
Mexico	20	0.2
Cuba	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Brazil	50	0.5
Colombia	40	0.4
Peru	0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	45	0.5
Europe	920	9.3
Belgium	25	0.3
France	390	3.9
Germany	20	0.2
Netherlands	0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0.2
Hungary	0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	90	0.9
Poland	0	0.0
Romania	65	0.7
Russian Federation	40	0.4
Ukraine	30	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	125	1.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Italy	30	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	80	0.8
Africa	220	2.2
Nigeria	0	0.0
Algeria	40	0.4
Morocco	25	0.3
Tunisia	85	0.9
Egypt	45	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	0.2
Asia	1,285	13.0
Iran⁸⁸	110	1.1
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Lebanon	200	2.0
Syria⁸⁹	110	1.1
Turkey	15	0.2
China⁹⁰	450	4.5
Taiwan	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	0.4
Philippines	60	0.6
Viet Nam	70	0.7
Bangladesh	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
India	80	0.8
Pakistan	80	0.8
Other locations of study in Asia	60	0.6
Oceania	10	0.1
Australia	10	0.1
New Zealand	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	16,430	...
In the labour force	10,210	...
Employed	9,410	...
Unemployed	805	...
Not in the labour force	6,220	...
Participation rate	62.1	62.1
Employment rate	57.3	57.3
Unemployment rate	7.9	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	16,435	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,740	34.9
Worked	10,685	65.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,450	33.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,235	31.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.4	39.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,210	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	10,005	98.0
Employee	7,150	70.0
Permanent position	5,765	56.5
Temporary position	1,380	13.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	595	5.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	790	7.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,855	28.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,210	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	10,005	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	570	5.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,330	22.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,110	10.9
3 Health occupations	1,330	13.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,515	14.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	370	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	1,945	19.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	610	6.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	40	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	170	1.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,210	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	10,005	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	40	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30	0.3
22 Utilities	75	0.7
23 Construction	270	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	535	5.2
41 Wholesale trade	580	5.7
44-45 Retail trade	915	9.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	390	3.8
51 Information and cultural industries	230	2.3
52 Finance and insurance	855	8.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	370	3.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,765	17.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	0.5
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	280	2.7
61 Educational services	855	8.4
62 Health care and social assistance	1,595	15.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	180	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	360	3.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	295	2.9
91 Public administration	325	3.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	11,295	100.0
English	1,745	15.4
French	2,795	24.7
Non-official language	115	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	115	1.0
English and French	6,130	54.3
English and non-official language(s)	105	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	50	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	370	3.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	11,295	100.0
Single responses	9,655	85.5
Official languages	9,495	84.1
English	4,015	35.5
French	5,480	48.5
Non-official languages	155	1.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	155	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0.1
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0.1
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	10	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	0.5
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0
Russian	10	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	0.2
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0.1
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	10	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	0.8
Chinese languages	90	0.8
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	80	0.7
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,640	14.5
English and French	1,500	13.3
English and non-official language(s)	60	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	35	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	11,295	100.0
None	6,185	54.8
English	2,600	23.0
French	2,155	19.1
Non-official language	120	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	120	1.1
English and French	15	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	105	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	100	0.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,410	100.0
Worked at home	3,690	39.2
Worked outside Canada	85	0.9
No fixed workplace address	435	4.6
Usual place of work	5,195	55.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,190	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,025	19.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,640	70.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	515	9.9
Commute to a different province or territory	25	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	5,630	100.0
Car, truck or van	4,100	72.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	3,840	68.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	260	4.6
Public transit	865	15.4
Walked	375	6.7
Bicycle	150	2.7
Other method	150	2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	5,630	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	1,105	19.6
15 to 29 minutes	2,720	48.3
30 to 44 minutes	1,325	23.5
45 to 59 minutes	320	5.7
60 minutes and over	160	2.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	5,630	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	95	1.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	420	7.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,430	25.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,890	33.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,285	22.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	510	9.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,350	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,690	31.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,660	68.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,300	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,380	32.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	955	22.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	425	9.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,920	67.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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