Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Pointe-Claire, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove			24662425More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	33,488	...	...	500	...	...	36,991,981	...	...
Population, 2016¹	31,380	...	...	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.7	...	...	...	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	13,823	...	...	186	...	...	16,284,235	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	13,313	...	...	184	...	...	14,978,941	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,770.9	...	...	2,521.4	...	...	4.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	18.91	...	...	0.20	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	33,485	15,790	17,700	500	250	250	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740
0 to 14 years	4,885	2,580	2,305	80	40	40	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285
0 to 4 years	1,285	680	605	20	10	10	1,831,195	938,790	892,405
5 to 9 years	1,730	900	830	25	15	15	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655
10 to 14 years	1,870	1,005	865	35	20	15	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225
15 to 64 years	19,295	9,390	9,905	320	160	165	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710
15 to 19 years	1,875	940	935	35	15	15	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240
20 to 24 years	1,685	925	760	30	15	10	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430
25 to 29 years	1,395	745	655	15	10	5	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370
30 to 34 years	1,435	695	740	20	10	10	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040
35 to 39 years	1,775	870	910	25	15	15	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835
40 to 44 years	2,070	920	1,140	35	15	15	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530
45 to 49 years	2,000	950	1,050	45	20	25	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985
50 to 54 years	2,125	990	1,140	25	20	10	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685
55 to 59 years	2,505	1,225	1,280	50	25	30	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350
60 to 64 years	2,430	1,130	1,295	45	20	20	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245
65 years and over	9,310	3,820	5,490	95	55	45	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750
65 to 69 years	2,105	960	1,145	45	25	20	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665
70 to 74 years	1,955	875	1,085	25	10	15	1,847,585	879,850	967,735
75 to 79 years	1,535	660	870	20	15	10	1,260,930	589,090	671,845
80 to 84 years	1,220	430	790	5	5	5	840,545	370,905	469,645
85 years and over	2,490	895	1,600	5	5	0	861,395	319,540	541,860
85 to 89 years	1,300	305	995	5	5	0	525,445	212,735	312,705
90 to 94 years	1,020	550	460	0	0	0	258,035	87,300	170,735
95 to 99 years	150	35	120	0	0	0	68,380	17,670	50,715
100 years and over	20	0	20	0	0	0	9,535	1,830	7,710
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.6	16.3	13.0	16.0	16.0	16.0	16.3	16.9	15.6
15 to 64 years	57.6	59.5	56.0	64.0	64.0	66.0	64.8	65.4	64.2
65 years and over	27.8	24.2	31.0	19.0	22.0	18.0	19.0	17.7	20.2
85 years and over	7.4	5.7	9.0	1.0	2.0	0.0	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	47.2	44.8	49.3	43.2	44.0	42.4	41.9	41.0	42.8
Median age of the population	49.2	46.0	51.6	46.0	48.4	45.6	41.6	40.4	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	13,310	...	...	185	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Single-detached house	6,645	...	...	150	...	...	7,872,310	...	...
Semi-detached house	910	...	...	35	...	...	746,560	...	...
Row house	1,350	...	...	0	...	...	980,110	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	110	...	...	0	...	...	821,490	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,515	...	...	0	...	...	2,738,020	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,780	...	...	0	...	...	1,596,155	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	0	...	...	34,880	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0	...	...	189,420	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	13,315	...	...	185	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
1 person	4,080	...	...	30	...	...	4,396,015	...	...
2 persons	4,285	...	...	70	...	...	5,124,800	...	...
3 persons	2,030	...	...	35	...	...	2,194,825	...	...
4 persons	2,085	...	...	45	...	...	2,002,455	...	...
5 or more persons	830	...	...	15	...	...	1,260,850	...	...
Number of persons in private households	31,560	15,180	16,380	500	255	250	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	28,605	13,205	15,395	415	210	205	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460
Married or living common-law	15,820	7,855	7,965	290	140	145	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595
Married	13,260	6,585	6,675	230	115	115	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875
Living common-law	2,560	1,265	1,290	60	30	30	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725
Living common law - Never married	1,810	895	915	45	20	25	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685
Living common law - Separated	40	20	20	0	0	0	123,830	65,045	58,785
Living common law - Divorced	650	325	330	15	5	5	721,715	365,760	355,950
Living common law - Widowed	60	30	35	0	0	0	87,165	36,860	50,300
Not married and not living common-law	12,785	5,355	7,430	130	70	60	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,030	3,665	3,365	95	55	45	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455
Not married and not living common law - Separated	505	230	275	5	5	0	741,135	319,045	422,090
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,205	845	1,360	15	5	15	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,050	615	2,435	15	5	5	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,105	...	...	155	...	...	10,262,925	...	...
2 persons	4,350	...	...	70	...	...	5,306,105	...	...
3 persons	2,015	...	...	35	...	...	2,147,825	...	...
4 persons	2,085	...	...	40	...	...	1,953,035	...	...
5 or more persons	645	...	...	15	...	...	855,960	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,100	...	...	155	...	...	10,262,925	...	...
Total couple families	7,725	...	...	145	...	...	8,576,585	...	...
Married couples	6,445	...	...	110	...	...	6,627,310	...	...
With children⁶	3,615	...	...	65	...	...	3,481,775	...	...
Without children	2,835	...	...	50	...	...	3,145,535	...	...
Common-law couples	1,280	...	...	30	...	...	1,949,275	...	...
With children⁶	595	...	...	20	...	...	808,645	...	...
Without children	685	...	...	10	...	...	1,140,630	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,380	...	...	10	...	...	1,686,340	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,075	...	...	10	...	...	1,302,670	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	305	...	...	5	...	...	383,670	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	31,560	15,180	16,380	500	250	250	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245
Total - Persons in census families	26,525	13,190	13,335	460	230	235	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625
Married spouses or common-law partners	15,450	7,690	7,760	285	140	145	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560
Parents in one-parent families	1,375	305	1,075	15	5	10	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670
Children⁶	9,700	5,195	4,500	170	85	85	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400
In a two-parent family	7,605	4,085	3,515	150	70	80	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805
In a one-parent family	2,090	1,105	985	20	15	0	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,035	1,985	3,045	35	20	15	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620
Living alone	4,080	1,535	2,540	25	15	10	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520
Living with other relatives⁷	515	185	330	0	0	0	927,345	393,085	534,260
Living with non-relatives only	445	265	180	5	5	0	1,526,645	878,800	647,840
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	13,315	...	...	185	...	...	14,978,945	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,520	...	...	150	...	...	8,932,695	...	...
Couple-family households	7,290	...	...	140	...	...	7,627,195	...	...
With children⁶	3,965	...	...	85	...	...	3,789,795	...	...
Without children	3,325	...	...	55	...	...	3,837,400	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,230	...	...	10	...	...	1,305,500	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	245	...	...	0	...	...	441,745	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25	...	...	0	...	...	94,235	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	185	...	...	0	...	...	450,415	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	260	...	...	5	...	...	663,835	...	...
One-person households	4,080	...	...	25	...	...	4,396,015	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	26,675	12,600	14,080	420	215	205	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,665	12,115	13,545	405	205	195	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	49,200	41,200	50,400	56,000	43,200	41,200	46,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,675	12,125	13,555	405	205	195	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	42,400	36,400	43,600	46,800	36,800	36,800	40,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,670	11,270	12,400	380	195	185	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,400	31,400	44,400	55,600	39,200	35,200	42,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,135	9,165	8,960	320	165	155	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,800	36,000	49,200	56,000	46,000	37,200	43,200	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,070	8,665	11,405	300	140	155	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	11,200	12,600	9,900	9,300	10,500	9,800	8,500	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,025	865	1,160	35	15	15	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,480	6,000	5,680	x	x	5,720	5,760	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,905	3,510	3,405	120	60	55	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	7,500	6,750	7,500	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	26,680	12,600	14,080	385	195	195	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,660	12,135	13,520	375	195	180	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,300	69,200	56,050	71,600	89,000	53,200	54,450	62,650	46,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,665	12,140	13,525	375	195	180	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,040	52,300	46,120	55,000	65,000	44,400	44,920	50,320	39,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,760	11,295	12,465	360	190	170	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,900	65,400	49,200	65,200	83,000	45,600	50,240	59,500	41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,130	9,120	9,015	295	165	130	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,950	63,650	48,160	69,000	85,000	49,000	50,280	58,050	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,885	8,595	11,285	270	130	140	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,350	11,790	12,780	13,500	11,600	15,000	11,170	10,180	12,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,045	890	1,155	40	15	20	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,770	6,280	8,920	13,000	6,000	20,000	7,050	6,710	7,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,830	3,535	3,295	85	60	25	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,710	8,470	8,960	7,700	8,400	6,400	8,920	8,740	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	26,675	12,595	14,080	385	195	195	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,905	4,750	4,155	140	85	55	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,000	80,000	66,000	82,000	88,000	74,000	63,600	69,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	89,500	99,200	78,400	112,000	132,000	84,000	77,200	85,400	67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,980	3,180	3,795	145	75	75	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,500	15,900	15,300	17,200	26,800	12,900	18,400	21,000	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,760	29,680	24,300	31,200	40,000	22,000	29,160	33,960	24,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.6	88.0	81.0	87.0	92.0	78.0	82.2	86.4	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.5	69.0	57.3	76.0	80.0	66.0	66.8	70.6	61.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.4	12.1	19.0	13.4	8.8	22.0	17.8	13.7	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.4	2.0	0.8	4.0	1.4	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.2	3.9	4.6	3.0	3.2	2.5	5.4	4.5	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.6	3.9	2.5	3.0	1.8	4.7	4.0	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	26,675	12,595	14,080	415	210	205	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without total income	1,010	480	530	15	5	5	1,094,320	545,400	548,915
With total income	25,665	12,120	13,550	405	210	200	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,210	990	1,220	40	15	25	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310
$10,000 to $19,999	2,785	1,200	1,585	40	25	20	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945
$20,000 to $29,999	3,665	1,530	2,140	50	25	25	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570
$30,000 to $39,999	2,885	1,235	1,645	40	15	25	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375
$40,000 to $49,999	2,670	1,185	1,485	30	15	15	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755
$50,000 to $59,999	2,245	960	1,290	25	15	15	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330
$60,000 to $69,999	1,800	805	995	25	10	20	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795
$70,000 to $79,999	1,450	710	740	30	15	20	1,592,465	887,985	704,480
$80,000 to $89,999	1,290	660	625	25	20	10	1,239,395	708,430	530,965
$90,000 to $99,999	965	490	470	20	10	10	965,950	553,435	412,510
$100,000 and over	3,700	2,355	1,345	65	45	20	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625
$100,000 to $149,999	2,315	1,380	935	45	25	15	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520
$150,000 and over	1,385	975	415	20	15	0	1,057,615	758,510	299,105
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	26,675	12,595	14,080	415	210	205	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without after-tax income	1,000	470	525	15	5	5	1,079,955	537,800	542,155
With after-tax income	25,675	12,125	13,550	405	210	200	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,370	1,030	1,335	40	15	25	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725
$10,000 to $19,999	3,000	1,295	1,705	45	30	20	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855
$20,000 to $29,999	4,210	1,800	2,410	55	25	30	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845
$30,000 to $39,999	3,625	1,570	2,055	50	20	30	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250
$40,000 to $49,999	3,175	1,420	1,750	45	25	20	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005
$50,000 to $59,999	2,530	1,150	1,375	40	15	25	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920
$60,000 to $69,999	1,900	950	950	45	25	20	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790
$70,000 to $79,999	1,425	715	705	30	10	15	1,428,520	814,645	613,875
$80,000 to $89,999	970	535	435	25	15	10	1,027,015	592,405	434,605
$90,000 to $99,999	635	390	245	10	10	0	643,700	402,325	241,380
$100,000 and over	1,830	1,255	570	30	20	10	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185
$100,000 to $124,999	915	600	315	5	5	0	792,455	530,970	261,490
$125,000 and over	915	655	255	20	15	0	804,335	578,645	225,695
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	26,675	12,595	14,080	415	210	205	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without employment income	8,545	3,430	5,115	100	45	55	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450
With employment income	18,130	9,170	8,965	320	170	155	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,050	1,530	1,520	55	25	25	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955
$5,000 to $9,999	1,420	640	780	20	5	10	1,739,570	765,825	973,750
$10,000 to $19,999	1,875	880	1,000	30	20	15	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810
$20,000 to $29,999	1,380	640	740	20	15	10	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050
$30,000 to $39,999	1,275	585	690	10	5	5	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190
$40,000 to $49,999	1,360	575	780	25	10	15	1,859,845	899,795	960,055
$50,000 to $59,999	1,240	555	685	20	10	10	1,640,805	842,030	798,780
$60,000 to $69,999	1,090	525	560	25	10	15	1,367,510	754,825	612,685
$70,000 to $79,999	960	485	475	20	10	15	1,099,625	637,060	462,570
$80,000 to $89,999	970	505	465	20	15	10	929,490	539,395	390,095
$90,000 to $99,999	675	370	310	15	5	5	760,035	439,505	320,530
$100,000 and over	2,835	1,885	950	55	35	15	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670
$100,000 to $124,999	1,150	710	445	30	20	10	1,129,445	714,235	415,210
$125,000 and over	1,680	1,180	505	25	20	5	1,288,265	936,805	351,460
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	26,675	12,600	14,080	420	215	205	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,065	11,805	13,265	390	200	190	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	49,600	40,000	51,200	56,000	44,800	39,200	45,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,085	11,805	13,270	390	200	190	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,000	35,200	43,600	46,800	39,200	35,200	40,000	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,395	11,125	12,270	370	190	180	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,400	32,800	48,800	55,600	40,400	36,800	44,000	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,145	9,125	9,015	320	170	155	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	47,200	37,200	52,000	56,000	48,800	38,000	44,400	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,100	7,595	10,515	240	105	135	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,850	4,600	9,000	5,760	6,080	5,760	4,240	1,960	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,465	640	825	20	10	10	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,560	4,320	7,200	5,200	x	x	5,720	5,560	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	26,680	12,600	14,080	385	195	195	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,065	11,800	13,260	365	190	175	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,300	69,300	50,400	72,800	88,000	56,000	52,350	61,250	43,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,085	11,805	13,275	365	190	175	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,080	52,350	40,520	56,200	65,500	46,000	42,920	49,000	37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,370	11,125	12,245	345	185	165	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,500	67,800	46,200	72,000	88,000	54,000	51,040	60,800	41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,010	9,035	8,975	300	170	130	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,150	65,600	48,600	71,500	80,000	60,000	50,560	58,800	41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,960	7,495	10,465	225	90	135	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,280	8,520	9,830	8,500	7,900	8,800	7,950	6,990	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,335	560	775	20	0	0	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,040	6,440	10,920	4,400	...	...	7,560	6,880	8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	26,675	12,595	14,080	385	195	195	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,800	4,695	4,100	145	85	55	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,500	78,000	60,400	84,000	84,000	82,000	60,000	66,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	85,200	96,500	72,200	102,000	110,000	88,000	73,200	81,900	62,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,555	3,020	3,530	130	65	70	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	23,800	21,400	31,600	51,600	23,800	24,200	28,000	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,040	37,160	31,400	49,000	58,000	40,000	35,200	41,280	29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.8	92.2	84.6	93.0	96.0	88.0	87.6	91.2	83.0
Employment income (%)	69.2	72.4	65.2	80.0	82.0	78.0	71.8	75.0	67.2
Government transfers (%)	11.2	7.8	15.4	7.1	4.0	12.0	12.3	8.9	16.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.4	1.3	0.4	x	x	1.2	1.0	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	13,315	...	...	185	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	124,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,080	...	...	25	...	...	4,396,015	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	63,200	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	51,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,235	...	...	155	...	...	10,582,930	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	137,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	112,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	13,315	...	...	180	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	152,000	...	...	106,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	94,500	...	...	116,000	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,110	...	...	30	...	...	4,394,500	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	60,300	...	...	64,000	...	...	53,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,200	...	...	56,000	...	...	44,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,205	...	...	145	...	...	10,584,445	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,800	...	...	172,000	...	...	128,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,200	...	...	130,000	...	...	105,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	13,315	...	...	185	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...	0	...	...	165,175	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	0	...	...	91,750	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	100	...	...	0	...	...	178,475	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	175	...	...	0	...	...	274,140	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	505	...	...	0	...	...	637,695	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	415	...	...	5	...	...	505,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	405	...	...	0	...	...	488,735	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	435	...	...	5	...	...	560,950	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	485	...	...	0	...	...	572,650	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	455	...	...	0	...	...	559,155	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	880	...	...	10	...	...	1,093,185	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	800	...	...	10	...	...	1,044,715	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	825	...	...	15	...	...	986,460	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	805	...	...	5	...	...	921,205	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	750	...	...	5	...	...	844,835	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,100	...	...	115	...	...	6,053,945	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,525	...	...	30	...	...	1,753,485	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,240	...	...	30	...	...	1,283,445	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,645	...	...	30	...	...	1,545,935	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,690	...	...	30	...	...	1,471,075	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	13,315	...	...	185	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Under $5,000	160	...	...	0	...	...	186,735	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...	0	...	...	95,195	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	100	...	...	0	...	...	183,430	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	190	...	...	0	...	...	289,545	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	560	...	...	0	...	...	681,900	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	500	...	...	10	...	...	589,110	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	495	...	...	0	...	...	582,275	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	595	...	...	0	...	...	666,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	585	...	...	0	...	...	676,995	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	530	...	...	5	...	...	655,100	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,045	...	...	20	...	...	1,285,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,045	...	...	15	...	...	1,223,830	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	975	...	...	5	...	...	1,137,840	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	915	...	...	10	...	...	1,039,375	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	820	...	...	20	...	...	911,515	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,735	...	...	90	...	...	4,773,995	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,695	...	...	30	...	...	1,757,035	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,170	...	...	20	...	...	1,152,855	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,875	...	...	35	...	...	1,864,100	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,080	...	...	155	...	...	10,117,305	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	139,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	112,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,350	...	...	55	...	...	3,929,500	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	77,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,220	...	...	85	...	...	4,311,315	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,000	...	...	158,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	132,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.8	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,325	...	...	15	...	...	1,547,920	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	x	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	x	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,525	1,805	2,715	35	20	10	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	44,800	43,200	54,400	70,000	x	38,400	40,000	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	38,800	38,400	44,800	54,000	x	34,800	36,000	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,070	...	...	140	...	...	10,113,100	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	147,200	...	...	172,000	...	...	128,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,500	...	...	130,000	...	...	105,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,335	...	...	50	...	...	3,926,040	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	122,300	...	...	112,000	...	...	112,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,230	...	...	75	...	...	4,318,755	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	175,200	...	...	220,000	...	...	160,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,800	...	...	160,000	...	...	130,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,310	...	...	15	...	...	1,539,580	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	124,600	...	...	100,000	...	...	82,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	108,800	...	...	80,000	...	...	71,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,525	1,875	2,650	40	30	0	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	58,100	62,700	54,800	64,000	76,000	x	49,440	52,050	46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,560	48,520	45,160	56,000	68,000	x	41,560	43,080	40,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	31,560	15,175	16,385	500	250	250	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250
0 to 17 years	6,025	3,155	2,875	100	45	55	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005
0 to 5 years	1,645	875	775	25	10	15	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775
18 to 64 years	18,095	8,800	9,295	305	150	150	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665
65 years and over	7,435	3,225	4,210	95	50	45	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,565	1,130	1,435	15	5	5	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765
0 to 17 years	460	245	220	0	0	0	854,565	439,490	415,075
0 to 5 years	95	40	50	0	0	0	282,315	144,250	138,065
18 to 64 years	1,205	580	625	5	5	0	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640
65 years and over	900	310	595	10	5	5	985,745	391,695	594,050
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.1	7.4	8.8	3.2	3.0	3.0	11.1	10.5	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	7.6	7.8	7.6	x	x	x	11.9	11.9	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	5.7	4.6	6.8	x	x	x	12.7	12.7	12.7
18 to 64 years (%)	6.6	6.6	6.8	1.6	x	x	9.7	9.4	9.9
65 years and over (%)	12.1	9.6	14.1	10.0	10.0	12.0	15.0	12.7	16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	31,560	15,180	16,380	500	250	250	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440
0 to 17 years	6,025	3,155	2,875	100	50	55	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505
0 to 5 years	1,650	875	775	25	10	15	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925
18 to 64 years	18,100	8,800	9,295	305	150	150	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865
65 years and over	7,435	3,225	4,210	95	55	40	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,495	715	785	10	5	5	1,863,335	950,150	913,180
0 to 17 years	285	155	125	0	0	0	319,545	164,490	155,060
0 to 5 years	50	25	30	0	0	0	99,435	50,875	48,560
18 to 64 years	835	425	410	5	5	5	1,344,640	702,660	641,975
65 years and over	375	125	245	0	0	0	199,155	83,010	116,145
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.7	4.7	4.8	2.0	2.0	1.6	5.2	5.4	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7	4.9	4.5	x	x	x	4.5	4.6	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	2.8	3.6	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	4.9	4.4	1.6	x	x	6.0	6.4	5.7
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.0	5.9	x	x	x	3.1	2.7	3.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	31,560	15,175	16,385	500	255	250	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250
In bottom half of the distribution	13,450	6,195	7,260	150	75	80	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345
In bottom decile	2,220	1,020	1,200	15	10	5	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070
In second decile	2,250	995	1,250	15	5	10	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660
In third decile	2,750	1,235	1,520	30	15	15	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735
In fourth decile	3,080	1,445	1,635	45	20	20	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210
In fifth decile	3,150	1,490	1,660	45	20	25	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670
In top half of the distribution	18,110	8,985	9,125	350	175	170	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900
In sixth decile	3,410	1,625	1,790	55	25	30	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535
In seventh decile	3,645	1,815	1,830	85	45	40	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230
In eighth decile	3,560	1,760	1,800	55	30	25	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530
In ninth decile	3,795	1,890	1,905	90	50	40	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415
In top decile	3,700	1,900	1,805	70	35	40	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	31,560	...	...	500	...	...	36,328,475	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.352	...	...	0.314	...	...	0.347	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.450	...	...	0.386	...	...	0.462	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.297	...	...	0.265	...	...	0.302	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	33,005	15,640	17,370	500	250	250	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English only	8,555	4,075	4,475	90	50	40	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800
French only	1,100	445	655	20	10	15	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390
English and French	22,810	10,890	11,920	390	195	195	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330
Neither English nor French	540	220	315	0	0	0	689,725	284,170	405,555
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	33,005	15,640	17,370	500	250	250	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English	22,135	10,595	11,535	350	175	180	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025
French	7,765	3,560	4,200	130	70	65	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110
English and French	2,585	1,260	1,325	15	10	10	476,175	237,635	238,535
Neither English nor French	525	215	310	0	0	0	673,100	275,685	397,420
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	33,005	15,640	17,370	500	250	250	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
Single responses	30,915	14,580	16,330	475	240	240	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600
Official languages	22,350	10,605	11,740	425	220	210	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510
English	15,595	7,500	8,095	310	155	160	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835
French	6,750	3,105	3,650	115	60	55	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675
Non-official languages	8,565	3,975	4,590	45	25	25	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	15	25	0	0	0	148,895	71,630	77,265
Algonquian languages	15	10	10	0	0	0	97,125	46,545	50,580
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	10	0	0	0	67,665	32,715	34,950
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,500	2,825	2,670
Cree languages	15	10	10	0	0	0	53,070	25,645	27,430
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	300	280
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	5	5	0	0	0	3,460	1,675	1,785
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,475	1,075	1,395
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,345	2,675
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,850	1,370	1,480
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,535	18,810	19,725
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,465	3,930	4,535
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	310	315
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,415	2,745
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,910	2,290	2,620
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,775	10,230	11,550
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	400	460
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,605	5,300	6,300
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	235	235
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	850	1,030
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,185	4,190	4,995
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,885	6,200	6,680
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,785	6,155	6,630
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	280	340
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	105
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	755	755
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	195	200
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	120	150
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	440	400
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	725	670
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	5	30
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	85
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	33,790	16,480	17,315
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	220	340
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	140	200
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	85	140
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0	0	0	33,200	16,240	16,955
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Iroquoian languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	355	150	205
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15
Mohawk	20	10	10	0	0	0	275	115	155
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	220	265
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	95
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	50
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	485	555
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	25
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	245	315
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	515
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	300	290
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	155	170
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	55
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	95	130
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	100
Non-Indigenous languages	8,525	3,965	4,560	45	25	25	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830
Afro-Asiatic languages	625	325	305	0	0	0	698,355	359,625	338,730
Berber languages	30	15	10	0	0	0	27,490	14,715	12,775
Kabyle	25	15	10	0	0	0	24,760	13,130	11,625
Tamazight	5	0	0	0	0	0	2,340	1,365	975
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	225	170
Chadic languages	0	5	0	0	0	0	1,985	1,085	905
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	740	570
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	340	335
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	510	505
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	49,410	23,275	26,135
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	1,085	935
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,905	3,015	2,890
Somali	5	5	0	0	0	0	40,730	18,775	21,955
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	400	350
Semitic languages	585	300	285	0	0	0	618,450	320,045	298,405
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,685	12,090	13,600
Arabic	555	290	270	0	0	0	508,410	265,350	243,060
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	27,690	13,465	14,220
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0	0	0	17,220	8,320	8,900
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	4,335	4,525
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	805	795
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	550	675
Hebrew	30	15	15	0	0	0	19,495	10,505	8,995
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,080	2,340
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,075	15,775	15,300
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	220
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	45	60	0	0	0	192,985	87,230	105,750
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	10	0	0	0	19,525	8,820	10,705
Vietnamese	85	35	50	0	0	0	173,000	78,180	94,820
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	230	225
Austronesian languages	330	125	210	0	0	0	565,375	238,875	326,500
Bikol	15	5	5	0	0	0	2,115	940	1,180
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0	8,215	3,425	4,790
Cebuano	5	5	0	0	0	0	18,945	7,800	11,145
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	325	280
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,690	3,900	5,795
Ilocano	25	10	15	0	0	0	33,520	14,140	19,380
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,910	4,990	6,920
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	465	640
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	275	395
Malagasy languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	2,085	990	1,090
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	580	670
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	415	425
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	570	760
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,615	2,635	2,980
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,050	900	1,150
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	280	105	170	0	0	0	461,150	194,805	266,345
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	690	935
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,740	2,035	2,705
Creole languages	90	50	40	0	0	0	78,235	35,650	42,580
Haitian Creole	15	5	5	0	0	0	52,435	23,355	29,085
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	315	290
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	435
Morisyen	40	25	20	0	0	0	6,125	3,015	3,110
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	5	0	0	0	15,550	7,325	8,230
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0	2,135	1,000	1,140
Dravidian languages	115	50	65	0	0	0	244,165	125,180	118,990
Kannada	5	5	5	0	0	0	6,240	3,215	3,020
Malayalam	15	10	10	0	0	0	54,050	29,375	24,670
Tamil	70	30	50	0	0	0	152,850	75,010	77,845
Telugu	10	5	10	0	0	0	30,045	17,095	12,950
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	310	305
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	170	195
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,180	1,175	1,005
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	305
Indo-European languages	4,730	2,200	2,530	35	15	15	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520
Albanian	20	10	10	0	0	0	29,265	14,690	14,580
Armenian	95	45	50	0	0	0	33,720	16,335	17,385
Balto-Slavic languages	920	415	510	5	5	0	648,810	297,100	351,710
Baltic languages	30	5	25	0	0	0	10,560	4,425	6,135
Latvian	15	5	10	0	0	0	4,430	1,875	2,555
Lithuanian	20	5	10	0	0	0	6,130	2,555	3,580
Slavic languages	885	405	480	5	0	0	638,250	292,670	345,580
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	325	395
Bulgarian	80	40	40	0	0	0	19,035	9,090	9,950
Czech	40	20	25	0	0	0	20,025	9,215	10,815
Macedonian	5	5	0	0	0	0	14,795	7,075	7,720
Polish	295	135	160	5	0	0	160,170	72,120	88,050
Russian	285	135	145	0	0	0	197,905	89,100	108,800
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	240	255
Serbo-Croatian	70	30	35	0	0	0	116,735	56,900	59,835
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,820	6,785	7,040
Croatian	20	5	10	0	0	0	43,500	20,755	22,740
Serbian	45	25	25	0	0	0	57,425	28,410	29,015
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,995	945	1,045
Slovak	30	15	15	0	0	0	15,255	6,930	8,320
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	5	0	0	0	7,965	3,425	4,535
Ukrainian	80	25	50	0	0	0	84,705	38,005	46,695
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	235	205
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	2,150	1,110	1,045
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	355	315
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0	0	0	425	210	210
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	410	420
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95
Germanic languages	455	180	275	0	0	0	463,400	221,365	242,035
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	800	775
High German languages	350	135	215	0	0	0	301,570	142,580	158,990
German	335	125	210	0	0	0	272,865	128,250	144,615
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540
Swiss German	10	5	5	0	0	0	7,575	3,740	3,835
Yiddish	10	5	0	0	0	0	12,060	6,060	6,005
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	35	45	0	0	0	138,655	67,815	70,840
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0	0	0	12,270	6,175	6,095
Dutch	70	30	40	0	0	0	80,315	39,000	41,310
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	625
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,200	16,410	16,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,325	1,605
Scandinavian languages	25	10	15	0	0	0	20,275	9,500	10,775
Danish	10	5	5	0	0	0	9,945	4,750	5,195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	430	480
Norwegian	5	5	0	0	0	0	3,535	1,675	1,860
Swedish	15	5	10	0	0	0	5,890	2,645	3,245
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	670	660
Greek	215	105	115	0	0	0	93,335	45,860	47,470
Indo-Iranian languages	960	490	470	0	0	0	1,659,505	847,400	812,105
Indo-Aryan languages	590	315	275	0	0	0	1,358,645	697,075	661,575
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280
Bengali	30	15	15	0	0	0	87,580	45,160	42,425
Gujarati	205	95	110	0	0	0	138,985	73,335	65,655
Hindi	85	45	40	0	0	0	152,825	79,585	73,240
Kacchi	0	5	5	0	0	0	6,930	3,100	3,830
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	395	350
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,675	1,745
Marathi	10	5	5	0	0	0	14,145	7,330	6,810
Nepali	5	0	5	0	0	0	23,425	11,920	11,510
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,775	940	835
Odia	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,125	615	510
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	325	320
Punjabi (Panjabi)	135	80	55	0	0	0	666,585	341,515	325,065
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	2,070	1,915
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	10	0	0	0	18,000	8,895	9,110
Urdu	95	55	40	0	0	0	235,290	118,540	116,755
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,865	2,085	1,780
Iranian languages	370	175	195	0	0	0	300,555	150,160	150,390
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	305	250
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,485	8,770	7,715
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	310	240
Pashto	5	0	0	0	0	0	19,520	10,170	9,355
Persian languages	365	175	190	0	0	0	262,625	130,180	132,440
Dari	5	5	0	0	0	0	57,220	28,070	29,155
Iranian Persian	310	150	165	0	0	0	179,425	89,070	90,360
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	20	30	0	0	0	25,975	13,040	12,930
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	425	390
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	140
Italic (Romance) languages	2,060	950	1,110	25	10	15	1,194,290	574,295	619,995
Catalan	0	5	0	0	0	0	905	470	440
Italian	760	355	405	5	5	0	319,505	154,295	165,205
Portuguese	225	100	125	5	0	0	240,680	115,235	125,450
Romanian	340	160	180	5	5	5	93,160	44,185	48,975
Spanish	735	330	405	10	5	10	538,870	259,500	279,375
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	610	550
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	185
Japanese	50	15	35	0	0	0	43,850	14,205	29,650
Korean	210	95	115	0	0	0	170,400	77,075	93,325
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	800	1,050
Niger-Congo languages	55	30	25	0	0	0	108,295	52,850	55,440
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0	0	0	13,120	6,400	6,720
Bamanankan	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,855	1,000	860
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,685	745	940
Éwé	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,030	920
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,520	1,825	1,695
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	400	415
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	885	1,010
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	320	440
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,720	2,460
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	10	0	0	0	7,380	3,365	4,015
Lingala	5	0	0	0	0	0	4,260	1,925	2,335
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	245	275
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	515	260	260
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	365	325
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	420	500
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,660	4,035	4,625
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,665	1,940
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	315	190
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	200	320
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,000	7,630	8,370
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535
Wolof	5	5	0	0	0	0	4,890	2,605	2,285
Yoruba	5	5	0	0	0	0	15,015	7,605	7,410
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	13,000	6,405	6,590
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,920	3,565	3,355
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	1,000	865
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	515	570
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,395	1,745	1,645
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	305	270
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,955	3,710	3,250
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,635	2,335
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	520	465
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	555	450
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,970	910	1,060	0	0	0	1,309,825	602,025	707,800
Chinese languages	1,970	910	1,060	0	0	0	1,292,640	593,580	699,055
Hakka	15	5	10	0	0	0	9,765	4,420	5,345
Mandarin	1,615	755	860	0	0	0	679,255	310,750	368,510
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	665	645
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0	0	0	27,805	12,415	15,390
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	10	0	0	0	8,880	3,995	4,880
Yue (Cantonese)	290	125	165	0	0	0	553,380	255,540	297,835
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	15	0	0	0	11,610	5,500	6,110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	295	330
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,600	8,160	8,445
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,305	1,590	1,710
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	475
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,520	2,240	2,275
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,900	1,940	1,960
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	305	315
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,475	3,545
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	445	440
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	295
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	22,350	8,605	13,745
Lao	15	10	10	0	0	0	11,485	5,475	6,010
Thai	5	0	5	0	0	0	10,455	2,960	7,495
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	165	240
Turkic languages	105	45	55	0	0	0	53,520	28,385	25,135
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,460	2,030
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	230	305
Turkish	80	35	40	0	0	0	44,190	23,615	20,570
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	660	690
Uzbek	20	5	10	0	0	0	1,805	890	920
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0	1,150	530	620
Uralic languages	120	60	60	5	5	0	68,180	31,000	37,180
Estonian	10	5	5	0	0	0	4,485	1,945	2,535
Finnish	5	5	0	0	0	0	12,200	5,075	7,120
Hungarian	105	55	55	5	0	0	51,500	23,980	27,525
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	540	520
Multiple responses	2,090	1,055	1,035	25	10	15	1,475,690	719,210	756,480
English and French	1,085	560	525	20	10	10	291,325	142,420	148,905
English and non-official language(s)	585	285	295	0	0	0	921,480	450,685	470,800
French and non-official language(s)	160	85	75	0	0	0	117,910	57,875	60,040
English, French and non-official language(s)	180	90	90	0	0	0	52,880	25,900	26,975
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	45	0	0	0	92,095	42,330	49,765
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	33,005	15,640	17,370	500	250	250	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English	16,620	7,910	8,710	315	155	160	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270
French	4,145	1,915	2,235	85	45	40	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685
Non-official language	2,745	1,295	1,450	0	0	0	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,460	25,385	25,080
Non-Indigenous	2,740	1,295	1,450	0	0	0	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240
English and French	3,990	1,945	2,040	65	40	25	953,760	465,560	488,205
English and non-official language(s)	2,935	1,385	1,545	10	5	10	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570
French and non-official language(s)	515	225	290	5	0	5	395,320	188,195	207,125
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,930	905	1,025	20	10	10	455,760	217,995	237,770
Multiple non-official languages	120	55	70	0	0	0	200,320	93,165	107,155
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	33,005	15,640	17,370	500	250	250	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
Single responses	30,855	14,605	16,245	470	235	240	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035
Official languages	26,195	12,380	13,810	465	235	235	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850
English	20,705	9,865	10,845	360	180	180	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485
French	5,485	2,520	2,970	110	55	55	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365
Non-official languages	4,660	2,230	2,430	5	0	0	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0	0	0	85,835	42,950	42,885
Algonquian languages	10	5	0	0	0	0	50,135	25,010	25,120
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	495	480
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	0	0	0	0	38,255	19,165	19,090
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,345	2,285	2,060
Cree languages	10	5	0	0	0	0	26,700	13,425	13,270
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	30
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	300	265
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	5	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,225	1,315
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	305	360
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	730	725
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	430	405
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,585	10,400	10,180
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,710	3,190	3,520
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	260	245
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,100	4,155
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	120
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	2,305	2,235
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	70
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	200
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,260	3,675	3,585
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,230	3,655	3,575
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	125
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	390	315
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	95
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	220	175
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	420	335
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	75
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,295	13,695	13,600
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,140	13,625	13,520
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	130
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	60
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	55
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	105
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40
Non-Indigenous languages	4,655	2,220	2,430	5	0	0	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305
Afro-Asiatic languages	290	145	145	0	0	0	395,840	197,010	198,830
Berber languages	15	5	5	0	0	0	11,295	5,940	5,355
Kabyle	15	5	5	0	0	0	10,180	5,325	4,850
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	455	380
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	155	130
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	425	410
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	330	305
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	95	105
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,375	14,115	16,260
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	890	760
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,410	11,075	13,335
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	205
Semitic languages	280	140	135	0	0	0	352,790	176,270	176,520
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,030	6,470	7,565
Arabic	270	135	135	0	0	0	285,915	143,650	142,260
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	20,740	9,940	10,800
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,935	6,150	6,785
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,585	3,185	3,400
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	605	615
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	305	380
Hebrew	5	5	0	0	0	0	8,515	4,355	4,160
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	360	435
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,860	11,050	10,810
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	115
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	20	35	0	0	0	127,730	58,660	69,070
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0	0	0	10,650	4,765	5,880
Vietnamese	50	25	30	0	0	0	116,785	53,735	63,055
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135
Austronesian languages	160	70	85	0	0	0	326,245	149,550	176,700
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	370	395
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,125	1,895	2,230
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,195	4,720	5,480
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	85
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,265	2,750
Ilocano	15	10	5	0	0	0	18,350	8,350	10,000
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,150	1,985	2,170
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	265	320
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	150	170
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	370	355
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	170
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	205	190
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	140
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,030	1,435	1,590
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	310	375
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	140	65	75	0	0	0	275,045	125,870	149,170
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	325	360
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,000	1,105
Creole languages	35	20	15	0	0	0	35,195	15,455	19,740
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0	0	0	22,610	9,620	12,990
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	125	175
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	150	210
Morisyen	25	10	10	0	0	0	3,640	1,760	1,880
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	135	160
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	3,275	3,845
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0	870	395	475
Dravidian languages	65	25	40	0	0	0	169,705	85,265	84,440
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,575	1,485
Malayalam	10	5	5	0	0	0	35,390	19,010	16,380
Tamil	50	20	30	0	0	0	112,335	54,240	58,095
Telugu	5	0	0	0	0	0	18,470	10,215	8,250
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	120	120
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	105	105
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	730	610
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	105	120
Indo-European languages	2,170	1,055	1,120	0	0	0	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380
Albanian	15	10	5	0	0	0	14,110	7,005	7,100
Armenian	35	15	25	0	0	0	21,970	10,415	11,550
Balto-Slavic languages	465	235	225	0	0	0	303,480	143,495	159,985
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	2,495	1,120	1,380
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	395	485
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	720	895
Slavic languages	460	235	225	0	0	0	300,985	142,375	158,610
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115
Bulgarian	65	35	30	0	0	0	10,315	5,005	5,310
Czech	5	5	0	0	0	0	5,680	2,705	2,980
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,105	2,880	3,225
Polish	135	65	65	0	0	0	65,140	30,225	34,915
Russian	215	115	100	0	0	0	125,780	59,290	66,490
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	155	135
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	10	0	0	0	53,150	25,720	27,430
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,135	3,345
Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0	14,925	6,965	7,960
Serbian	15	15	5	0	0	0	31,110	15,310	15,800
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	315	325
Slovak	10	5	5	0	0	0	5,015	2,410	2,605
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	595	785
Ukrainian	10	0	5	0	0	0	27,825	13,250	14,580
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	295	265
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	165	145
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	55
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15
Germanic languages	40	15	25	0	0	0	140,450	68,575	71,875
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	155
High German languages	15	10	10	0	0	0	103,780	50,460	53,325
German	15	10	10	0	0	0	86,820	41,815	45,005
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	870	875
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,950	4,140	3,810
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	33,710	16,730	16,980
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,095	3,055	3,035
Dutch	15	10	10	0	0	0	8,100	3,950	4,150
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	245
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,940	920	1,020
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	280	340
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	95
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135
Swedish	5	0	5	0	0	0	890	435	450
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	355	390
Greek	55	30	30	0	0	0	38,300	17,490	20,810
Indo-Iranian languages	650	325	325	0	0	0	1,167,370	590,435	576,930
Indo-Aryan languages	370	190	180	0	0	0	962,820	490,815	472,000
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	110
Bengali	15	10	10	0	0	0	56,750	28,435	28,315
Gujarati	120	55	65	0	0	0	92,005	47,790	44,215
Hindi	65	30	35	0	0	0	91,930	47,555	44,375
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,055	1,310	1,750
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	140
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	415	470
Marathi	5	5	0	0	0	0	7,460	3,800	3,660
Nepali	5	0	5	0	0	0	16,835	8,595	8,235
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	420	375
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	275	250
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	130
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95	55	40	0	0	0	520,390	266,775	253,610
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	215
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,060	1,050
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,665	4,775	4,890
Urdu	65	35	25	0	0	0	158,040	78,420	79,615
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,015	1,040	975
Iranian languages	280	135	145	0	0	0	204,420	99,545	104,875
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	155
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,380	5,245	5,135
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	150
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,215	6,670	6,545
Persian languages	275	135	145	0	0	0	179,745	87,075	92,670
Dari	5	5	0	0	0	0	36,190	17,395	18,795
Iranian Persian	235	115	125	0	0	0	125,840	61,060	64,780
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	15	15	0	0	0	17,715	8,620	9,095
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	250	225
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55
Italic (Romance) languages	905	430	480	0	0	0	577,735	273,965	303,770
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	185	190
Italian	125	60	70	0	0	0	92,755	38,750	54,005
Portuguese	115	55	60	0	0	0	118,730	56,685	62,045
Romanian	215	105	110	0	0	0	48,090	23,135	24,955
Spanish	445	205	240	0	0	0	317,365	155,005	162,360
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	210	220
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	95	95
Japanese	20	5	10	0	0	0	20,055	8,290	11,765
Korean	155	70	90	0	0	0	125,525	58,250	67,275
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	505	545
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	10	0	0	0	38,600	18,055	20,545
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,000	2,755	3,240
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	150	215
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	225	245
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	665	650
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	150
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	260	295
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	770	765
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	1,205	1,520
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,520	655	860
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	130	160
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,780	1,760	2,025
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	480	555
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	145	85
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,055	3,290	3,765
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	130	160
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	1,040	910
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,505	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	1,250	1,470
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,555	1,600
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	485	420
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	355
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	705	760
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	70
Sign languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	12,160	7,005	5,160
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0	8,175	4,660	3,515
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	830	645
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,515	1,000
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,555	735	820	0	0	0	967,965	450,210	517,755
Chinese languages	1,555	735	820	0	0	0	955,685	444,115	511,565
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,625	1,645	1,985
Mandarin	1,365	650	715	0	0	0	530,945	249,675	281,270
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	370	405
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0	0	0	13,945	6,255	7,685
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	5	0	0	0	5,750	2,705	3,050
Yue (Cantonese)	160	70	85	0	0	0	393,430	180,000	213,435
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0	6,985	3,360	3,625
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	110	115
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,990	5,960	6,035
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,075	1,010	1,070
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	320	340
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,725	1,675
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,960	1,500	1,460
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	210
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,680	2,705
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	225	240
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	135	155
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0	0	0	10,120	4,660	5,460
Lao	10	5	5	0	0	0	5,955	2,850	3,105
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,955	1,725	2,230
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	85	125
Turkic languages	75	35	40	0	0	0	32,490	16,530	15,960
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,200	1,095	1,105
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	50
Turkish	60	30	35	0	0	0	27,970	14,290	13,685
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	420	435
Uzbek	10	5	10	0	0	0	950	470	480
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	210
Uralic languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	18,790	8,625	10,165
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	245	370
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	825	1,050
Hungarian	25	15	10	0	0	0	16,295	7,550	8,745
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195
Multiple responses	2,150	1,030	1,125	30	20	10	1,563,345	758,295	805,045
English and French	980	480	495	10	10	5	230,955	112,070	118,880
English and non-official language(s)	755	355	405	10	5	0	1,123,355	546,255	577,095
French and non-official language(s)	145	65	80	0	0	0	125,525	60,405	65,125
English, French and non-official language(s)	240	115	125	5	5	5	56,805	27,370	29,430
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0	0	0	26,705	12,190	14,515
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	33,005	15,640	17,370	500	250	250	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085
None	25,170	11,915	13,260	425	215	210	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980
English	1,995	945	1,050	20	15	10	1,956,965	969,380	987,580
French	2,550	1,275	1,275	40	15	20	571,040	268,530	302,510
Non-official language	1,715	770	945	10	5	5	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0	0	0	63,565	29,285	34,280
Non-Indigenous	1,700	765	940	10	5	5	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975
English and French	470	225	245	0	0	0	86,185	42,600	43,585
English and non-official language(s)	275	140	135	5	0	0	323,845	161,995	161,850
French and non-official language(s)	655	275	375	0	0	5	134,565	61,575	72,995
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0	0	0	11,870	5,975	5,895
Multiple non-official languages	125	65	60	0	0	0	234,905	115,470	119,430
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	31,560	15,180	16,385	505	255	250	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310
Official languages	31,010	14,970	16,040	505	255	250	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360
English	29,865	14,495	15,370	495	250	245	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470
French	23,295	11,140	12,155	375	185	190	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875
Non-official languages	11,795	5,620	6,175	100	55	45	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	15	0	0	0	243,155	116,360	126,795
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	163,815	78,135	85,675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,850	50,975	54,870
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,455	3,360
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,875	42,340	45,530
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	450	445
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,880	2,320	2,555
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,675	2,025	2,645
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,005	5,440	6,555
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,110	2,460	2,650
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,000	29,930	31,070
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,745	4,935	5,805
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	525
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,035	4,770	5,260
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,245	4,370	4,880
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	420	400
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,865	20,015	22,850
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	895	1,060
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	11,930	14,235
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,035	875	1,165
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	80	135
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,625	1,670	1,955
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,720	9,495	11,225
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,390	9,635	10,755
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,135	9,515	10,620
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	680	870
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	115	180
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,140	1,190
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	355	420
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	195	215
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	620	590
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	265	220
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	140	100
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	40	95
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	470
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	100
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	120	190
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	85
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	85
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	140	150
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	90	155
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	15	0	0	0	42,795	20,980	21,820
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	505	630
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	430
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	205
Inuktitut	15	0	15	0	0	0	41,680	20,495	21,185
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	880	1,175
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	95	135
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	655	950
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	110
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	25
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	90	120
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	850	1,050
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,555	2,755
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	670	745
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	305
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	300	215
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	510	580
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	135	185
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	320	390
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	175
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,465	1,495
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	195	175
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	810
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	470	455
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	180	140
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	555	580
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	595	515
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,205	1,010	1,200
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	145
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	170
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	355	465
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	315	390
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	310	335
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	405	450
Non-Indigenous languages	11,770	5,615	6,155	100	55	45	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,165	605	565	0	0	0	1,100,035	565,845	534,195
Berber languages	35	20	15	0	0	0	42,835	22,775	20,060
Kabyle	25	15	10	0	0	0	37,415	19,660	17,755
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,735	2,720	2,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	750	575
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,090	3,740	3,350
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,080	2,695	2,380
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	1,040	965
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,790	1,900
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	71,930	34,430	37,500
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,745	1,490	1,260
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,635	4,860	4,780
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,005	27,735	31,270
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	760	645
Semitic languages	1,145	590	555	0	0	0	1,015,485	524,700	490,780
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,305	23,910	24,395
Arabic	1,015	525	490	0	0	0	838,045	436,510	401,540
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,655	19,690	19,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,865	11,765	12,100
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,285	6,625	6,655
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,625	1,570
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	925	1,075
Hebrew	145	70	70	0	0	0	83,205	42,515	40,685
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,535	3,080	3,450
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,970	23,120	22,845
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,760	1,065	695
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	50	65	0	0	0	260,030	120,035	139,995
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	10	0	0	0	28,390	13,100	15,290
Vietnamese	100	45	55	0	0	0	232,800	107,435	125,355
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	455	455
Austronesian languages	390	160	240	0	0	0	793,275	336,445	456,840
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,260	1,975	2,275
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,990	4,625	6,375
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,045	13,790	19,250
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	900	865
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,385	6,650	9,735
Ilocano	10	0	10	0	0	0	61,680	25,280	36,400
Indonesian	15	10	0	0	0	0	19,815	8,895	10,915
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,175
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	345	510
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,960	1,920
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,355	1,215	1,140
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,565	785	780
Malay	15	0	15	0	0	0	10,770	4,995	5,775
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	4,690	5,865
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	1,885	2,575
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	365	145	225	0	0	0	737,565	310,735	426,830
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,520	1,910	2,610
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,140	8,785	11,355
Creole languages	180	95	85	0	0	0	184,840	85,045	99,790
Haitian Creole	75	45	30	0	0	0	134,895	61,215	73,680
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,675
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	870	1,090
Morisyen	100	45	55	0	0	0	15,345	7,620	7,725
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,535	785	750
Creole, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0	0	0	31,220	14,400	16,825
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0	9,585	4,575	5,005
Dravidian languages	125	55	70	0	0	0	359,485	185,160	174,325
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,420	9,660	8,760
Malayalam	10	0	0	0	0	0	77,910	42,025	35,890
Tamil	75	30	50	0	0	0	237,890	119,570	118,320
Telugu	25	15	15	0	0	0	54,685	30,575	24,110
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	935	835
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	450	520
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,565	1,445
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	365	360
Indo-European languages	7,330	3,485	3,845	70	40	35	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195
Albanian	20	15	10	0	0	0	38,345	19,410	18,935
Armenian	125	55	70	0	0	0	44,500	21,675	22,825
Balto-Slavic languages	1,225	570	660	0	0	0	820,305	384,390	435,915
Baltic languages	45	20	30	0	0	0	13,890	5,900	7,985
Latvian	25	15	15	0	0	0	6,020	2,595	3,425
Lithuanian	20	0	15	0	0	0	7,895	3,325	4,570
Slavic languages	1,180	550	630	0	0	0	809,985	380,025	429,960
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,185	1,640
Bulgarian	90	40	50	0	0	0	24,210	11,805	12,400
Czech	15	10	10	0	0	0	28,625	13,595	15,030
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,015	10,965	12,050
Polish	440	185	255	0	0	0	204,460	94,135	110,325
Russian	475	250	225	0	0	0	309,235	145,375	163,860
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	345	330
Serbo-Croatian	110	60	50	0	0	0	155,775	76,800	78,975
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,380	12,555	12,825
Croatian	45	30	20	0	0	0	73,845	36,015	37,830
Serbian	70	40	25	0	0	0	83,735	41,550	42,185
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,590	1,500
Slovak	35	15	20	0	0	0	20,905	9,455	11,450
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	0	15	0	0	0	10,650	4,715	5,935
Ukrainian	140	60	80	0	0	0	131,655	59,230	72,425
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	10,485	5,430	5,055
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,360	2,940	2,415
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,050	1,120
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,015	1,155
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	495	415
Germanic languages	760	350	415	15	0	15	658,705	319,800	338,905
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,835	1,480	1,350
High German languages	630	285	345	15	0	15	453,995	222,215	231,780
German	620	285	335	15	0	15	419,195	204,840	214,355
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,465	5,025	5,440
Yiddish	10	0	10	0	0	0	20,155	10,105	10,045
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	130	65	65	0	0	0	191,840	93,435	98,405
Afrikaans	35	15	15	0	0	0	29,670	15,335	14,335
Dutch	90	40	50	0	0	0	107,985	51,330	56,650
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	640	670
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,165	20,590	20,575
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	15	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,825	2,155
Scandinavian languages	50	20	25	0	0	0	37,500	17,205	20,300
Danish	25	10	20	0	0	0	14,700	6,805	7,900
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	685	790
Norwegian	10	10	0	0	0	0	8,860	4,180	4,675
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,620	6,765	7,855
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555
Greek	340	140	200	0	0	0	145,060	71,685	73,375
Indo-Iranian languages	1,555	810	745	0	0	0	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990
Indo-Aryan languages	1,050	570	480	0	0	0	1,918,570	989,350	929,220
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	590	565
Bengali	100	50	50	0	0	0	120,605	62,330	58,270
Gujarati	315	150	165	0	0	0	209,415	110,000	99,405
Hindi	455	235	220	0	0	0	761,425	395,410	366,015
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,085	6,785	8,300
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	965	865
Konkani	15	0	10	0	0	0	8,950	4,300	4,645
Marathi	25	10	15	0	0	0	35,230	18,210	17,020
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,660	15,680	14,980
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,235	1,665	1,570
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,710	925	785
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	755	795
Punjabi (Panjabi)	315	210	105	0	0	0	942,170	488,075	454,090
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	345	420
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,385	4,480	3,910
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	10	20	0	0	0	33,050	16,645	16,400
Urdu	190	105	85	0	0	0	414,870	211,895	202,975
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,320	6,280	5,040
Iranian languages	510	245	265	0	0	0	370,520	186,750	183,770
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	565	420
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,035	13,005	11,030
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	535	470
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,695	16,810	14,885
Persian languages	510	245	265	0	0	0	326,285	163,665	162,620
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,220	38,765	39,460
Iranian Persian	425	200	225	0	0	0	222,160	111,750	110,415
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	65	30	30	0	0	0	30,345	15,460	14,880
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	970	855
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,135	1,245	895
Italic (Romance) languages	3,640	1,725	1,915	45	30	20	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,560	1,305
Italian	1,340	635	705	10	0	10	547,655	263,950	283,705
Portuguese	285	170	120	0	0	0	336,865	164,985	171,880
Romanian	350	185	165	0	0	0	116,520	55,570	60,950
Spanish	1,950	885	1,070	20	10	10	1,171,450	548,315	623,135
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0	4,890	2,835	2,060
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	1,025	940
Japanese	115	65	50	0	0	0	98,070	43,380	54,690
Korean	200	95	105	0	0	0	203,885	92,275	111,605
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,085	1,455
Niger-Congo languages	120	65	50	0	0	0	267,520	131,495	136,025
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,240	12,585	13,660
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,950	2,570	2,380
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,945	2,315	2,630
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,645	2,490	2,165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,840	4,100	3,740
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,565	1,685
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,650	2,055	2,600
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	750	1,100
Igbo	15	10	10	0	0	0	18,365	9,345	9,020
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,515	6,305	7,210
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,720	12,260	13,460
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,695	1,300	1,395
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,055	1,035
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	585	490
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,140	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,825	7,070	7,755
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,280	3,440	3,845
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	650	360
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	580	725
Swahili	15	10	0	0	0	0	57,295	28,950	28,340
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,440	1,380
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,940	6,925	6,015
Yoruba	15	0	10	0	0	0	50,935	25,265	25,675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0	0	0	43,625	21,935	21,685
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,090	5,570	5,530
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	685	805
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,425	3,385
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,485	1,275
Sign languages	20	15	10	0	0	0	49,535	19,685	29,850
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0	37,620	14,430	23,195
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,195	2,525	3,670
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,515	3,940
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,190	1,060	1,130	0	0	0	1,550,930	721,520	829,410
Chinese languages	2,190	1,060	1,130	0	0	0	1,528,860	710,700	818,160
Hakka	15	10	0	0	0	0	14,830	6,845	7,980
Mandarin	1,950	955	995	0	0	0	987,300	452,995	534,305
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	840	980
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,755	22,840	28,920
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	20	0	0	0	13,660	6,060	7,600
Yue (Cantonese)	385	175	215	0	0	0	724,925	335,185	389,740
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0	0	0	11,720	5,695	6,020
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	560	625
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,300	10,955	11,345
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,935	2,910	3,025
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	520	620
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,790	2,915
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,030	2,490	2,545
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	395	450
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,160	4,565	4,590
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	890	1,050
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	540	680
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	20	0	0	0	33,705	14,255	19,440
Lao	15	0	0	0	0	0	17,630	8,320	9,310
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,575	6,955	11,615
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0	800	330	465
Turkic languages	155	70	85	0	0	0	91,375	47,575	43,800
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	0	0	0	9,875	5,380	4,490
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	600	815
Turkish	140	65	80	0	0	0	78,500	41,130	37,365
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	790	875
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,290	1,645	1,640
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,150	980	1,165
Uralic languages	135	80	60	10	0	0	85,055	39,290	45,765
Estonian	15	10	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,320	2,990
Finnish	10	10	0	0	0	0	15,325	6,735	8,590
Hungarian	115	65	55	0	0	0	64,625	30,320	34,300
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,750	2,790
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	31,560	15,180	16,380	500	250	250	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	340	160	180	0	0	0	1,807,250	877,645	929,605
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	325	150	175	0	0	0	1,743,165	847,385	895,785
First Nations (North American Indian)	175	85	90	0	0	0	1,048,405	506,515	541,890
Métis	95	45	50	0	0	0	624,220	306,220	318,000
Inuk (Inuit)	50	20	25	0	0	0	70,540	34,645	35,895
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,855	13,645	15,215
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	10	0	0	0	0	35,225	16,620	18,610
Non-Indigenous identity	31,215	15,015	16,200	500	250	250	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	31,560	15,180	16,380	500	250	250	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	95	30	60	0	0	0	831,720	402,310	429,405
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	31,465	15,145	16,320	500	250	250	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	13,310	...	...	180	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Owner	9,220	...	...	170	...	...	9,955,975	...	...
Renter	4,095	...	...	0	...	...	4,953,840	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	13,310	...	...	180	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Condominium	1,820	...	...	0	...	...	2,248,280	...	...
Not condominium	11,490	...	...	180	...	...	12,730,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	13,310	...	...	180	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
No bedrooms	95	...	...	0	...	...	132,060	...	...
1 bedroom	1,640	...	...	10	...	...	2,124,485	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,955	...	...	10	...	...	3,829,965	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,205	...	...	100	...	...	4,982,900	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,415	...	...	60	...	...	3,909,525	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	13,310	...	...	180	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,620	...	...	10	...	...	4,662,125	...	...
5 rooms	1,855	...	...	10	...	...	2,323,910	...	...
6 rooms	1,715	...	...	30	...	...	2,037,185	...	...
7 rooms	1,835	...	...	40	...	...	1,796,855	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,285	...	...	90	...	...	4,158,855	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	7.8	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	13,310	...	...	180	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,170	...	...	180	...	...	14,625,230	...	...
More than one person per room	145	...	...	0	...	...	353,715	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	13,310	...	...	180	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Suitable	12,865	...	...	175	...	...	14,173,290	...	...
Not suitable	450	...	...	0	...	...	805,650	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	13,310	...	...	180	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
1960 or before	4,835	...	...	155	...	...	3,027,045	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,415	...	...	20	...	...	4,171,840	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,905	...	...	0	...	...	1,982,515	...	...
1991 to 2000	875	...	...	0	...	...	1,805,985	...	...
2001 to 2005	490	...	...	0	...	...	959,860	...	...
2006 to 2010	340	...	...	0	...	...	1,034,925	...	...
2011 to 2015	335	...	...	0	...	...	967,540	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,115	...	...	0	...	...	1,029,220	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	13,310	...	...	180	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	12,550	...	...	150	...	...	14,059,395	...	...
Major repairs needed	765	...	...	25	...	...	919,545	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	13,310	...	...	180	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
One-maintainer household	7,000	...	...	60	...	...	7,659,700	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,985	...	...	120	...	...	6,631,755	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	325	...	...	0	...	...	687,485	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	13,310	...	...	180	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
15 to 24 years	110	...	...	0	...	...	424,695	...	...
25 to 34 years	980	...	...	0	...	...	2,077,895	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,990	...	...	45	...	...	2,600,000	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,265	...	...	30	...	...	2,646,945	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,015	...	...	45	...	...	3,046,560	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,415	...	...	55	...	...	2,432,140	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,765	...	...	0	...	...	1,292,805	...	...
85 years and over	765	...	...	0	...	...	457,900	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	13,265	...	...	175	...	...	14,687,350	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,585	...	...	160	...	...	11,612,640	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,685	...	...	20	...	...	3,074,715	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,395	...	...	15	...	...	2,742,920	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	13,310	...	...	180	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,655	...	...	40	...	...	4,379,420	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,485	...	...	20	...	...	2,728,995	...	...
Not suitable only	335	...	...	0	...	...	595,110	...	...
Major repairs needed only	590	...	...	20	...	...	645,465	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	70	...	...	0	...	...	135,770	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	0	...	...	199,355	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0	...	...	64,095	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,630	...	...
Acceptable housing	9,660	...	...	135	...	...	10,599,520	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	12,980	...	...	175	...	...	14,355,555	...	...
In core need	645	...	...	0	...	...	1,451,025	...	...
Not in core need	12,335	...	...	175	...	...	12,904,530	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,220	...	...	170	...	...	9,807,720	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.8	...	...	64.7	...	...	60.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	14.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.8	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,310	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,406	...	...	1,290	...	...	1,498	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	500,000	...	...	472,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	628,000	...	...	532,000	...	...	618,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,090	...	...	0	...	...	4,936,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.0	...	...	...	...	...	11.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.4	...	...	...	...	...	33.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.3	...	...	...	...	...	20.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,340	...	...	x	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,386	...	...	x	...	...	1,209	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	284	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	327	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	31,560	15,175	16,380	500	255	245	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	110	40	65	0	0	0	985,200	480,950	504,245
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	85	30	55	0	0	0	963,705	470,850	492,855
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	50	15	35	0	0	0	763,230	371,400	391,825
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	146,010	72,680	73,325
Inuit single ancestry	25	10	10	0	0	0	54,475	26,770	27,700
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	10	15	0	0	0	21,490	10,095	11,395
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,665	8,215	9,450
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	25	10	15	0	0	0	2,430	1,185	1,250
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	530	535
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	165	155
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	445	230	210	0	0	0	1,219,285	585,590	633,690
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	435	230	210	0	0	0	1,183,350	568,980	614,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	350	195	155	0	0	0	801,630	384,550	417,075
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85	35	50	0	0	0	362,130	174,975	187,150
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	9,450	10,150
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,930	16,605	19,320
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,815	14,790	17,025
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,785	1,190	1,595
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	500	505
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	125	210
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	31,005	14,905	16,105	495	250	245	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	31,560	15,180	16,385	505	255	250	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	28,925	13,920	15,000	490	250	240	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,500	2,865	2,635	135	70	70	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	23,425	11,060	12,370	350	175	170	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,635	1,260	1,380	15	10	0	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	31,560	15,180	16,385	505	255	250	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	22,270	10,730	11,535	425	205	215	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610
Immigrants⁸¹	8,515	4,050	4,465	80	45	40	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340
Before 1980	2,105	1,015	1,085	20	15	10	1,540,610	731,340	809,265
1980 to 1990	1,095	530	570	25	15	15	924,320	443,805	480,520
1991 to 2000	1,275	595	675	0	0	0	1,511,475	708,315	803,165
2001 to 2010	1,980	915	1,055	15	10	10	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,055	990	1,065	10	0	0	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055
2011 to 2015	1,005	500	505	0	0	0	1,126,330	536,615	589,715
2016 to 2021	1,050	490	565	0	0	0	1,328,240	644,900	683,335
Non-permanent residents⁸³	780	400	385	0	0	0	924,850	499,490	425,365
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,510	4,050	4,460	80	45	35	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345
Under 5 years	850	425	425	10	0	0	748,265	377,795	370,470
5 to 14 years	1,385	720	665	15	15	0	1,438,440	730,675	707,765
15 to 24 years	1,350	585	760	15	0	10	1,594,290	720,630	873,660
25 to 44 years	4,120	1,950	2,170	45	25	20	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525
45 years and over	810	370	445	0	0	0	797,180	364,260	432,920
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,510	4,050	4,460	80	45	35	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345
Americas	1,215	515	705	25	15	10	1,203,180	546,325	656,855
Brazil	65	20	40	0	0	0	48,450	22,405	26,050
Colombia	85	25	60	0	0	0	80,570	36,675	43,900
El Salvador	15	0	10	0	0	0	49,450	24,430	25,015
Guyana	50	30	20	0	0	0	85,530	37,870	47,660
Haiti	30	20	0	0	0	0	99,945	44,585	55,360
Jamaica	45	10	30	0	0	0	145,360	63,430	81,925
Mexico	175	75	95	0	0	0	90,585	42,215	48,370
Peru	60	25	35	0	0	0	31,420	13,925	17,490
Trinidad and Tobago	40	10	35	0	0	0	65,035	29,110	35,930
United States of America	310	135	170	10	0	10	256,090	115,380	140,705
Other places of birth in Americas	340	155	185	0	0	0	250,760	116,305	134,460
Europe	2,785	1,370	1,415	40	15	20	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0	0	0	35,925	17,705	18,220
Croatia	25	15	10	0	0	0	36,675	18,115	18,560
France	325	185	135	0	0	0	121,525	63,845	57,685
Germany	180	80	105	0	0	0	126,470	60,560	65,915
Greece	70	25	40	0	0	0	54,715	27,050	27,665
Hungary	70	30	35	0	0	0	31,050	14,595	16,450
Italy	230	125	100	0	0	0	204,065	101,445	102,625
Netherlands	50	30	25	0	0	0	75,830	39,020	36,810
Poland	245	110	130	0	0	0	135,030	60,660	74,370
Portugal	75	40	35	0	0	0	128,795	62,880	65,910
Romania	250	115	130	0	0	0	86,770	40,820	45,955
Russian Federation	115	40	80	0	0	0	81,840	35,185	46,650
Serbia⁸⁶	40	20	25	0	0	0	31,925	15,480	16,450
Ukraine	70	25	50	0	0	0	81,135	36,840	44,295
United Kingdom⁸⁷	590	280	305	20	0	10	464,135	229,710	234,430
Other places of birth in Europe	445	230	210	0	0	0	271,725	131,935	139,790
Africa	760	390	370	0	0	0	821,735	412,365	409,375
Algeria	70	35	35	0	0	0	79,660	41,065	38,600
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	10	0	0	0	33,110	15,775	17,340
Egypt	255	130	125	0	0	0	73,710	38,730	34,980
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,385	16,575	14,815
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,715	19,955	21,760
Morocco	165	80	80	0	0	0	81,775	41,085	40,685
Nigeria	15	15	0	0	0	0	81,290	41,665	39,620
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,500	14,600	17,900
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0	0	0	51,590	25,740	25,855
Other places of birth in Africa	230	120	105	0	0	0	314,995	157,170	157,825
Asia	3,740	1,770	1,970	10	10	0	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	62,450	30,940	31,515
Iran⁸⁸	390	195	190	0	0	0	182,940	92,300	90,645
Iraq	30	20	15	0	0	0	84,130	42,660	41,465
Lebanon	150	90	60	0	0	0	95,725	50,675	45,055
Syria⁸⁹	70	35	35	0	0	0	97,590	49,855	47,735
Turkey	85	30	50	0	0	0	35,270	18,835	16,435
China⁹⁰	1,280	620	660	0	0	0	715,835	317,970	397,860
Hong Kong⁹¹	75	35	45	0	0	0	213,855	100,480	113,375
Korea, South⁹²	120	60	65	0	0	0	138,355	63,025	75,325
Taiwan	40	10	30	0	0	0	65,365	28,725	36,635
Philippines	340	120	220	0	0	0	719,580	305,115	414,460
Viet Nam	85	35	55	0	0	0	182,095	82,670	99,425
Bangladesh	45	20	30	0	0	0	70,090	35,675	34,415
India	515	260	255	0	0	0	898,050	451,120	446,930
Pakistan	90	40	50	0	0	0	234,105	118,390	115,715
Sri Lanka	55	25	25	0	0	0	136,240	66,215	70,030
Other places of birth in Asia	355	180	175	0	0	0	375,340	175,930	199,410
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	10	0	0	0	0	61,965	31,055	30,910
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,050	490	565	0	0	0	1,328,240	644,900	683,340
Americas	155	65	95	0	0	0	154,490	74,275	80,215
Brazil	10	0	10	0	0	0	19,895	9,340	10,560
Colombia	10	0	0	0	0	0	11,455	5,090	6,365
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,155	5,400
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,155	7,740	7,420
Mexico	20	10	10	0	0	0	17,150	8,405	8,745
United States of America	65	30	30	0	0	0	39,875	19,790	20,085
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,060	2,980	4,075
Other places of birth in Americas	45	15	30	0	0	0	33,350	15,785	17,570
Europe	165	85	80	0	0	0	134,425	69,310	65,120
France	55	30	25	0	0	0	27,175	14,560	12,610
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,365	2,660	2,705
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,355	4,000	2,350
Italy	10	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	2,470	1,770
Russian Federation	25	10	15	0	0	0	10,905	4,335	6,570
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,515	6,570	7,945
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	20	0	0	0	0	22,755	13,550	9,200
Other places of birth in Europe	45	20	25	0	0	0	43,120	21,160	21,960
Africa	80	25	50	0	0	0	206,965	102,875	104,090
Algeria	25	10	15	0	0	0	15,745	7,530	8,220
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,935	2,420	2,510
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,795	5,545	6,250
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,200	4,720
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,915	3,795	4,125
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,120	6,285	5,835
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,330	8,755	7,575
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,385	4,415	4,970
Morocco	10	0	0	0	0	0	12,835	6,025	6,810
Nigeria	15	15	0	0	0	0	40,360	20,575	19,780
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,315	3,240	3,075
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,510	4,290	4,220
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,690	2,375	2,315
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,155	4,185	3,975
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,960	19,250	19,715
Asia	650	315	340	0	0	0	823,205	393,110	430,090
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,730	6,290	6,440
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,185	6,670	6,515
China⁹⁰	230	115	115	0	0	0	118,035	50,365	67,665
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,495	2,880	3,620
India	105	60	50	0	0	0	246,995	128,205	118,790
Iran⁸⁸	60	30	25	0	0	0	25,650	12,310	13,340
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,715	8,835	8,875
Israel	20	10	10	0	0	0	4,850	2,565	2,290
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,445	1,035	3,410
Jordan	15	10	10	0	0	0	4,635	2,375	2,260
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	15	0	0	0	20,985	8,790	12,200
Lebanon	15	10	0	0	0	0	9,980	5,120	4,860
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,890	2,475	2,415
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,255	18,070	18,190
Philippines	45	20	25	0	0	0	151,490	66,720	84,765
Saudi Arabia	15	10	10	0	0	0	9,560	5,195	4,365
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,480	4,010	4,465
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	20	0	0	0	63,130	32,725	30,410
Turkey	25	0	20	0	0	0	10,150	5,520	4,635
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0	0	0	8,405	4,325	4,085
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0	0	0	14,725	5,605	9,125
Other places of birth in Asia	25	15	15	0	0	0	30,410	13,035	17,375
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,160	5,335	3,825
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,535	3,845	2,685
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,490	1,135
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	31,560	15,180	16,385	500	255	250	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,640	4,610	5,030	85	50	40	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,455	3,760	3,690	120	50	75	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330
Third generation or more¹⁰²	14,465	6,805	7,660	300	160	140	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,410	3,035	3,375	60	30	30	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,195	2,070	2,125	45	15	25	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,870	1,120	750	25	15	10	1,556,675	935,790	620,885
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,325	955	1,370	15	0	15	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,600	620	975	15	10	0	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685
Refugees¹⁰⁸	570	325	245	0	0	0	1,039,275	543,725	495,550
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	40	20	20	0	0	0	91,900	42,145	49,755
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,410	3,035	3,375	60	30	30	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	280	145	140	0	0	0	416,105	222,895	193,205
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	725	315	410	20	10	10	705,405	324,370	381,035
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	220	145	75	0	0	0	183,250	92,135	91,110
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	395	190	195	0	0	0	377,130	188,535	188,590
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	15	25	0	0	0	39,540	15,685	23,855
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,745	2,225	2,520	30	15	20	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	31,560	15,180	16,380	500	250	250	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,015	3,975	4,045	75	40	40	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415
South Asian	1,410	760	645	20	15	0	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275
Chinese	2,415	1,150	1,265	0	0	0	1,715,770	808,745	907,035
Black	875	450	420	0	0	0	1,547,870	754,100	793,765
Filipino	530	240	285	0	0	0	957,355	427,755	529,600
Arab	720	360	360	0	0	0	694,015	362,845	331,170
Latin American	695	325	365	10	10	0	580,235	281,030	299,200
Southeast Asian	210	100	115	0	0	0	390,340	184,120	206,220
West Asian	405	195	210	0	0	0	360,495	181,795	178,695
Korean	220	110	105	0	0	0	218,140	101,855	116,285
Japanese	150	80	65	10	10	0	98,890	42,315	56,575
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	65	40	0	0	0	172,885	83,310	89,580
Multiple visible minorities	285	130	160	0	0	0	331,805	160,790	171,010
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	23,545	11,200	12,335	425	215	215	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	31,560	15,180	16,385	505	255	250	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Canadian	3,735	1,840	1,885	65	30	30	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530
English	4,105	2,045	2,060	140	55	90	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580
Irish	5,050	2,390	2,665	90	45	50	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505
Scottish	4,170	2,040	2,130	135	80	55	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,110	2,425	2,690	100	50	45	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250
German	1,555	745	815	45	25	10	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230
Chinese	2,495	1,170	1,330	0	0	0	1,713,870	806,365	907,500
Italian	3,005	1,450	1,555	35	10	25	1,546,390	774,250	772,140
Indian (India)	870	480	385	20	10	0	1,347,715	691,535	656,185
Ukrainian	725	385	335	35	35	0	1,258,635	612,455	646,175
Dutch	390	175	215	35	20	15	988,585	489,045	499,545
Polish	1,120	510	610	10	10	0	982,820	472,290	510,525
Québécois	885	405	480	20	15	0	981,635	490,130	491,510
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,185	570	620	0	0	0	938,950	462,420	476,530
Filipino	510	235	275	0	0	0	925,490	414,915	510,570
French Canadian	1,325	550	775	25	10	15	906,315	441,610	464,705
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	335	135	205	0	0	0	691,260	347,080	344,175
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	165	95	75	0	0	0	632,340	304,220	328,120
Métis	100	35	55	0	0	0	560,335	271,985	288,350
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	380	210	170	0	0	0	551,910	278,060	273,850
Russian	625	290	335	0	0	0	548,140	260,075	288,065
Norwegian	110	55	55	0	0	0	466,500	224,290	242,210
Welsh	515	235	275	35	10	30	455,720	216,490	239,230
Portuguese	360	215	145	0	0	0	448,305	222,770	225,535
American	395	225	170	0	0	0	353,495	172,240	181,255
Spanish	530	245	290	0	0	0	342,040	160,475	181,570
Swedish	155	90	70	0	0	0	334,505	156,840	177,665
Hungarian	385	170	215	0	0	0	320,150	155,755	164,395
Acadian	200	80	125	0	0	0	305,170	145,500	159,675
Pakistani	165	85	80	0	0	0	303,260	154,435	148,825
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	250	140	110	0	0	0	301,955	148,335	153,625
Jewish	500	255	240	25	0	20	282,015	141,530	140,490
Punjabi	85	50	25	0	0	0	279,950	145,620	134,330
Vietnamese	145	60	85	0	0	0	275,530	131,075	144,445
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	425	200	220	0	0	0	263,710	138,210	125,500
Greek	550	245	300	0	0	0	262,140	132,975	129,160
Jamaican	110	45	70	0	0	0	249,070	119,265	129,805
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	150	70	80	0	0	0	226,220	107,785	118,435
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	15	15	0	0	0	0	219,855	105,825	114,030
Korean	205	110	95	0	0	0	217,650	101,805	115,845
Romanian	555	310	240	0	0	0	215,885	103,720	112,165
Lebanese	430	200	230	0	0	0	210,605	107,990	102,615
Iranian	425	215	210	0	0	0	200,465	100,790	99,675
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	200	75	125	0	0	0	200,340	99,800	100,540
Danish	110	50	65	0	0	0	196,945	96,220	100,725
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	40	15	25	0	0	0	194,840	94,035	100,810
Sikh	45	35	15	0	0	0	194,640	101,255	93,385
Austrian	165	75	95	0	0	0	189,535	92,740	96,800
Belgian	250	155	95	0	0	0	182,175	90,150	92,030
Haitian	125	70	55	0	0	0	178,990	84,510	94,490
Hindu	185	100	85	0	0	0	166,160	87,665	78,495
Mexican	305	125	175	0	0	0	155,495	77,435	78,055
Mennonite	20	15	0	0	0	0	155,095	77,735	77,360
Swiss	185	90	90	0	0	0	145,570	72,015	73,555
Finnish	55	25	30	0	0	0	144,055	69,270	74,785
Sri Lankan	80	45	40	0	0	0	132,410	65,175	67,240
Croatian	110	40	65	0	0	0	130,820	64,915	65,905
Japanese	200	105	90	15	10	0	129,425	56,850	72,580
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	75	35	35	0	0	0	120,125	60,575	59,550
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	15	15	0	0	0	0	111,605	53,700	57,905
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	20	30	0	0	0	110,735	54,730	56,005
Muslim	60	35	30	0	0	0	105,620	54,095	51,525
Egyptian	290	125	165	0	0	0	105,245	55,230	50,020
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	190	110	85	0	0	0	104,765	51,375	53,395
Tamil	40	15	25	0	0	0	102,170	51,165	51,005
Icelandic	20	10	10	0	0	0	101,990	50,370	51,620
Colombian	130	45	85	0	0	0	100,555	47,995	52,560
Moroccan	195	105	90	0	0	0	99,980	50,835	49,150
Czech	95	40	50	0	0	0	98,925	47,495	51,430
Syrian	160	80	80	0	0	0	98,250	49,385	48,865
Guyanese	85	30	50	0	0	0	97,210	46,270	50,940
Afghan	35	25	10	0	0	0	96,810	48,255	48,550
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	85	45	35	0	0	0	94,585	44,335	50,250
Serbian	95	50	40	0	0	0	93,360	46,945	46,410
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,220	44,610	47,600
Newfoundlander	55	10	45	0	0	0	91,670	45,665	46,005
Hong Konger	20	0	20	0	0	0	81,680	39,485	42,195
Ontarian	45	30	15	0	0	0	80,555	39,675	40,880
Persian	180	100	80	0	0	0	80,340	41,415	38,925
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	160	85	70	0	0	0	77,405	37,655	39,750
Turkish	150	70	85	0	0	0	76,745	39,955	36,795
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	50	20	30	0	0	0	76,675	37,315	39,365
Bangladeshi	55	30	25	0	0	0	75,425	39,085	36,335
Algerian	90	40	50	0	0	0	73,770	38,035	35,740
Brazilian	100	50	50	0	0	0	71,755	34,670	37,085
Nigerian	15	0	15	0	0	0	69,540	34,680	34,860
Armenian	280	140	140	0	0	0	68,850	34,105	34,745
Slovak	105	45	60	0	0	0	68,210	33,475	34,740
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	105	60	45	0	0	0	66,780	31,525	35,255
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,555	31,555	33,995
Taiwanese	20	0	20	0	0	0	64,020	29,280	34,740
Iraqi	10	10	0	0	0	0	59,300	29,865	29,435
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,280	29,150	30,130
African Caribbean	30	15	20	0	0	0	59,050	26,385	32,670
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	50	25	25	0	0	0	58,870	27,845	31,025
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	25	10	0	0	0	58,840	30,560	28,280
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	20	15	0	0	0	57,195	25,715	31,475
Algonquin	30	10	20	0	0	0	56,070	27,025	29,040
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	10	10	0	0	0	52,085	23,685	28,395
Lithuanian	135	65	70	25	0	20	52,040	24,510	27,530
South African	20	10	0	0	0	0	49,840	24,885	24,955
Australian	20	0	20	0	0	0	46,765	24,165	22,595
Palestinian	35	20	15	0	0	0	45,905	23,930	21,975
Chilean	40	15	20	0	0	0	45,685	22,520	23,165
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,260	22,000	23,260
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,720	21,700	23,025
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,545	20,675	21,875
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	50	20	30	0	0	0	42,405	20,105	22,300
Peruvian	70	25	40	0	0	0	42,295	19,925	22,370
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,075	21,740	20,330
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	15	10	0	0	0	41,950	19,835	22,115
Berber	70	30	40	0	0	0	41,700	22,325	19,370
Albanian	35	15	20	0	0	0	41,620	21,050	20,570
Maltese	15	15	0	0	0	0	40,670	20,210	20,455
Macedonian	10	10	0	0	0	0	39,440	19,500	19,940
Slovenian	60	20	40	0	0	0	38,595	18,785	19,815
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	15	20	0	0	0	38,520	18,935	19,585
New Brunswicker	20	15	10	0	0	0	37,670	18,235	19,435
Gujarati	30	20	0	0	0	0	36,970	19,580	17,385
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,290	18,185	18,110
African Canadian	25	10	20	0	0	0	35,395	17,140	18,250
Israeli	75	45	30	0	0	0	35,345	18,410	16,940
Mohawk	35	15	20	0	0	0	33,330	16,485	16,845
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	0	15	0	0	0	33,135	15,355	17,775
Bulgarian	115	60	65	0	0	0	33,085	16,235	16,850
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,575	16,525	16,055
Ghanaian	10	0	10	0	0	0	31,720	15,650	16,065
Barbadian	65	35	35	0	0	0	31,440	15,265	16,175
African American	25	10	15	0	0	0	31,430	15,700	15,730
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	0	15	0	0	0	30,565	14,635	15,930
Tunisian	25	15	10	0	0	0	30,465	16,585	13,875
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45	25	25	0	0	0	30,220	15,225	14,995
Cuban	30	10	25	0	0	0	30,065	14,830	15,235
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,490	14,320	14,170
Venezuelan	65	30	35	0	0	0	28,395	13,220	15,175
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,225	13,490	14,735
Latvian	85	25	50	10	0	10	28,140	13,515	14,620
Bengali	25	15	10	0	0	0	26,675	13,830	12,850
Cameroonian	30	10	15	0	0	0	26,535	12,960	13,580
Guatemalan	15	15	0	0	0	0	26,460	13,920	12,540
Indonesian	30	15	10	0	0	0	26,330	11,910	14,415
Laotian	20	10	0	0	0	0	25,875	12,500	13,375
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,575	11,860	13,715
Northern Irish	50	20	30	0	0	0	25,200	12,495	12,710
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	10	10	0	0	0	24,420	12,265	12,155
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,325	12,230	12,095
Ecuadorian	25	0	15	0	0	0	24,255	11,510	12,745
Franco Ontarian	20	10	15	0	0	0	24,110	11,540	12,570
Argentinian	50	20	30	0	0	0	23,500	11,665	11,840
Estonian	20	15	10	0	0	0	23,455	11,080	12,375
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,130	12,670	10,460
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,020	11,040	11,980
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,785	11,695	11,090
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,785	11,680	11,105
Coptic	70	35	35	0	0	0	22,570	11,405	11,165
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,275	8,525	13,750
Dominican	85	35	50	0	0	0	22,125	10,615	11,510
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,975	11,215	10,765
Kabyle	25	0	20	0	0	0	20,565	10,595	9,975
Assyrian	10	0	10	0	0	0	19,685	9,730	9,955
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,305	9,890	9,415
Byelorussian	25	10	15	0	0	0	18,850	9,055	9,795
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,745	9,030	9,710
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,545	8,975	9,570
Abenaki	25	10	20	0	0	0	18,420	8,545	9,870
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,190	8,850	9,340
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	10	0	0	0	17,955	8,625	9,330
New Zealander	25	15	0	0	0	0	17,755	9,275	8,470
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,485	8,825	8,665
Breton	70	25	45	0	0	0	17,465	8,710	8,755
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,315	7,300	10,020
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,050	7,935	9,115
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,570	8,255	8,310
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	25	20	0	0	0	16,315	8,565	7,750
Huron (Wendat)	30	10	15	0	0	0	15,910	7,715	8,195
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,780	7,505	8,280
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,660	7,485	8,175
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,650	7,290	8,360
Norman	15	10	10	0	0	0	15,340	8,155	7,190
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,055	7,180	7,875
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,010	7,255	7,755
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,265	6,730	7,535
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,260	6,525	7,735
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,110	6,810	7,295
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,910	7,435	6,470
Nicaraguan	35	15	20	0	0	0	13,840	6,730	7,120
Mauritian	55	25	30	0	0	0	13,755	7,020	6,730
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,565	6,510	7,055
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	6,610	6,915
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,245	5,800	7,445
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,225	7,055	6,170
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,095	6,530	6,565
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,065	6,175	6,885
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	6,150	6,740
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,965	6,930
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,490	6,580	5,910
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,115	6,080	6,035
Sinhalese	20	0	20	0	0	0	12,080	5,905	6,170
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,710	5,980	5,730
Honduran	10	0	0	0	0	0	10,920	5,370	5,550
Cherokee	10	10	0	0	0	0	10,825	5,080	5,745
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,750	5,130	5,620
Indo-Caribbean	15	10	10	0	0	0	10,490	4,710	5,775
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,275	4,950	5,325
United Empire Loyalist	15	10	10	0	0	0	10,015	4,975	5,045
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,955	5,115	4,840
Azerbaijani	20	0	15	0	0	0	9,915	5,165	4,750
Sicilian	15	15	0	0	0	0	9,835	5,135	4,695
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,825	5,195	4,625
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,795	4,725	5,065
Goan	10	0	0	0	0	0	9,700	4,710	4,990
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	25	10	15	0	0	0	9,455	4,705	4,755
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,350	4,650	4,700
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,165	4,435	4,725
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,150	4,385	4,760
Mongolian	10	0	10	0	0	0	9,090	4,240	4,850
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,970	4,235	4,735
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,400	4,270	4,125
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,315	4,220	4,090
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,310	3,765	4,545
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,285	3,910	4,375
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,255	4,425	3,830
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,945	4,195
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,115	3,995	4,130
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,080	3,830	4,250
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,945	4,265	3,680
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,745	4,030	3,710
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,660	3,870	3,790
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,640	3,835	3,805
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,635	3,690	3,950
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,535	3,305	4,230
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,480	3,865	3,620
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,415	3,615	3,800
Guinean	15	15	0	0	0	0	7,390	3,700	3,695
St. Lucian	10	0	10	0	0	0	7,285	3,340	3,945
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	3,355	3,875
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,220	3,515	3,705
Beninese	25	15	10	0	0	0	6,810	3,630	3,180
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	3,730	2,945
Roma	20	15	0	0	0	0	6,545	3,225	3,320
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,265	3,230
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	2,945	3,535
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,255	3,085	3,170
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,165	3,020	3,145
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,060	2,755	3,305
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,050	3,065	2,985
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	2,995	2,995
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,980	2,965	3,015
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	3,010	2,930
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	2,855	3,075
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	31,560	15,180	16,380	500	250	250	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Buddhist	205	85	125	0	0	0	356,975	157,435	199,540
Christian	18,310	8,335	9,975	235	120	115	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,245	560	690	35	25	15	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995
Anabaptist	15	0	0	0	0	0	144,145	70,095	74,050
Anglican	1,255	545	710	0	0	0	1,134,315	515,270	619,045
Baptist	250	140	120	0	0	0	436,940	200,325	236,615
Catholic	11,565	5,230	6,335	115	50	70	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010
Christian Orthodox	1,135	500	635	0	0	0	623,010	301,055	321,955
Jehovah's Witness	110	45	65	0	0	0	137,255	59,505	77,750
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,725	41,365	46,360
Lutheran	110	60	50	15	10	0	328,045	150,115	177,925
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	40	20	20	0	0	0	100,655	46,640	54,020
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	170	65	110	0	0	0	399,025	180,870	218,155
Presbyterian	300	150	150	0	0	0	301,400	136,440	164,960
Reformed	35	20	20	0	0	0	79,870	39,250	40,620
United Church	920	425	490	10	0	0	1,214,185	531,740	682,445
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,155	560	595	10	0	0	745,650	345,540	400,110
Hindu	630	310	320	0	0	0	828,195	430,135	398,060
Jewish	685	335	355	30	10	20	335,295	164,220	171,070
Muslim	1,285	680	605	0	0	0	1,775,715	904,205	871,510
Sikh	240	170	75	0	0	0	771,790	394,345	377,445
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,685	38,460	42,230
Other religions and spiritual traditions	155	40	120	0	0	0	229,015	97,645	131,370
No religion and secular perspectives	10,040	5,230	4,810	240	125	115	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	31,295	15,020	16,270	500	250	250	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600
Non-movers	28,430	13,630	14,795	485	245	240	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050
Movers	2,865	1,390	1,475	10	0	10	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550
Non-migrants	1,505	745	760	0	0	0	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005
Migrants	1,355	640	720	0	0	0	1,813,155	895,610	917,550
Internal migrants	1,105	520	590	0	0	0	1,519,200	748,025	771,180
Intraprovincial migrants	935	440	495	0	0	0	1,250,235	612,810	637,425
Interprovincial migrants	170	80	95	0	0	0	268,965	135,215	133,750
External migrants	255	125	130	0	0	0	293,955	147,585	146,370
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	30,250	14,475	15,780	460	225	235	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080
Non-movers	19,950	9,600	10,345	415	205	210	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660
Movers	10,300	4,870	5,435	45	20	25	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420
Non-migrants	2,225	1,005	1,220	20	10	10	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460
Migrants	8,080	3,870	4,210	20	10	15	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955
Internal migrants	6,540	3,130	3,410	20	10	15	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755
Intraprovincial migrants	6,065	2,890	3,175	15	10	10	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105
Interprovincial migrants	480	240	240	0	0	0	921,345	459,695	461,650
External migrants	1,540	740	795	0	0	0	1,692,390	859,195	833,200
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	26,680	12,595	14,080	385	195	195	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,730	1,335	1,390	35	15	20	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	23,950	11,260	12,685	355	180	175	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,700	7,550	8,150	255	125	130	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	635	400	235	15	15	0	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	15,060	7,150	7,910	235	110	125	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	26,675	12,600	14,080	385	190	195	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,550	1,215	1,335	35	15	20	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,675	2,805	2,865	65	40	25	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,455	8,570	9,875	290	135	150	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,735	3,585	4,150	90	40	55	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,530	875	650	0	0	0	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,020	520	495	0	0	0	1,458,160	827,980	630,185
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	510	355	155	0	0	0	1,183,395	983,525	199,870
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,160	2,235	2,920	80	30	50	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,050	475	575	10	0	0	896,755	372,560	524,195
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,715	4,985	5,730	200	100	100	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955
Bachelor's degree	6,800	3,130	3,665	105	60	45	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	895	360	540	35	0	35	556,510	243,200	313,310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	165	45	125	0	0	0	214,105	108,000	106,105
Master's degree	2,355	1,140	1,215	45	20	25	1,740,605	824,250	916,355
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	500	315	185	10	10	0	279,660	165,795	113,870
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,695	7,550	8,145	250	120	125	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920
No certificate, diploma or degree	570	350	220	15	10	0	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,620	1,360	1,255	30	15	15	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,510	5,835	6,680	205	95	110	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,550	2,215	2,330	60	30	30	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	940	550	395	0	0	0	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	655	330	325	0	0	0	1,050,285	586,420	463,865
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	290	225	65	0	0	0	836,220	693,830	142,395
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,960	1,365	1,600	50	20	30	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	640	300	340	0	0	0	623,090	261,035	362,050
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,965	3,620	4,345	145	65	80	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215
Bachelor's degree	5,095	2,345	2,745	70	40	35	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	665	245	425	30	0	25	430,875	179,230	251,645
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	135	35	100	0	0	0	167,730	75,120	92,615
Master's degree	1,725	805	925	40	25	20	1,446,435	659,295	787,145
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	345	200	145	0	0	0	209,445	115,530	93,915
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	26,675	12,595	14,080	385	190	190	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,220	4,025	4,200	95	60	40	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900
Education	1,290	285	1,010	20	0	15	1,113,015	258,365	854,655
13. Education	1,290	285	1,010	20	0	15	1,113,015	258,365	854,655
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	865	320	540	25	15	15	631,255	274,065	357,190
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	65	25	0	0	0	74,785	53,390	21,395
50. Visual and performing arts	775	260	515	25	15	15	556,470	220,680	335,790
Humanities	1,265	400	865	10	0	10	926,560	354,120	572,440
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	255	35	210	0	0	0	106,345	23,460	82,885
23. English language and literature/letters	255	60	195	0	0	0	184,600	53,020	131,580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	380	135	240	0	0	0	316,050	119,215	196,830
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	25	0	0	0	18,935	6,835	12,095
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	25	30	0	0	0	57,745	33,040	24,700
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	30	15	0	0	0	77,510	46,140	31,365
54. History	140	60	80	0	0	0	108,935	58,310	50,620
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	35	65	0	0	0	56,440	14,090	42,345
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,580	1,035	1,550	70	35	35	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0	0	0	29,430	7,065	22,365
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	265	130	135	0	0	0	233,400	88,205	145,200
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	325	45	280	15	0	15	344,150	27,905	316,240
22. Legal professions and studies	310	110	200	0	0	0	325,785	115,335	210,445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	15	15	0	0	0	49,855	16,000	33,850
42. Psychology	350	75	270	20	10	10	327,965	79,295	248,665
45. Social sciences	1,280	650	635	40	20	15	705,540	336,960	368,580
Business, management and public administration	4,580	1,935	2,640	80	40	35	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,335	1,705	3,630
44. Public administration and social service professions	130	25	105	0	0	0	272,240	55,995	216,245
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,445	1,915	2,530	80	40	35	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,300	745	560	10	0	0	719,715	353,540	366,175
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	410	155	255	0	0	0	297,055	121,615	175,435
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	330	190	140	0	0	0	155,955	72,245	83,705
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	90	35	55	0	0	0	35,380	14,950	20,430
40. Physical sciences	440	345	100	10	0	0	196,620	130,745	65,875
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	15	0	0	0	34,710	13,985	20,730
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	970	645	330	0	0	0	804,230	531,435	272,795
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	705	540	165	0	0	0	643,145	454,370	188,775
25. Library science	95	10	85	0	0	0	43,085	7,100	35,985
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	80	70	0	0	0	99,360	57,560	41,800
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0	0	0	18,640	12,400	6,240
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,965	2,470	490	35	30	0	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900
04. Architecture and related services	190	115	75	0	0	0	135,020	81,930	53,090
14. Engineering	1,580	1,230	350	20	15	0	900,475	723,080	177,395
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	500	440	60	10	10	0	726,155	638,355	87,800
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	190	390
46. Construction trades	205	205	0	0	0	0	703,905	683,060	20,845
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	335	330	0	0	0	0	659,480	640,895	18,590
48. Precision production	160	150	0	0	0	0	380,505	363,710	16,795
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	230	95	135	0	0	0	407,545	234,360	173,175
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	150	45	105	0	0	0	262,580	140,520	122,070
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	50	35	0	0	0	144,960	93,845	51,115
Health and related fields	1,830	370	1,465	30	0	30	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	185	85	95	0	0	0	180,785	89,005	91,780
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,595	260	1,335	30	0	30	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	1,425	3,825
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	25	20	0	0	0	64,030	34,630	29,400
Personal, protective and transportation services	570	280	290	0	0	0	1,006,425	520,970	485,455
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	345	95	250	0	0	0	548,520	151,115	397,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,965	3,520	445
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,900	6,210	690
43. Security and protective services	80	50	25	0	0	0	227,835	160,930	66,905
49. Transportation and materials moving	140	125	15	0	0	0	219,205	199,190	20,010
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	1,640	3,665
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,700	7,550	8,150	250	125	130	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,185	1,715	1,470	50	25	15	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825
Education	730	160	570	15	0	10	742,175	158,185	583,990
13. Education	730	160	570	15	0	10	742,175	158,185	583,990
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	605	245	360	20	15	10	490,455	210,500	279,955
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	45	20	0	0	0	54,645	38,170	16,475
50. Visual and performing arts	540	205	340	20	15	10	435,815	172,330	263,480
Humanities	790	240	550	10	0	10	649,695	241,235	408,465
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	180	30	150	0	0	0	79,235	16,400	62,835
23. English language and literature/letters	155	30	120	0	0	0	134,815	37,610	97,210
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	220	80	135	0	0	0	216,725	80,505	136,220
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20	0	0	0	12,910	4,540	8,370
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	20	20	0	0	0	41,640	23,645	17,990
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	10	10	0	0	0	48,920	29,245	19,675
54. History	95	50	55	0	0	0	78,415	40,800	37,615
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	15	40	0	0	0	37,045	8,490	28,555
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,870	700	1,170	50	20	30	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0	0	0	23,895	5,520	18,370
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	200	95	100	0	0	0	196,475	72,125	124,350
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	245	30	220	10	0	10	270,970	20,095	250,875
22. Legal professions and studies	235	70	160	0	0	0	261,265	82,850	178,420
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	15	10	0	0	0	37,830	12,160	25,670
42. Psychology	275	50	230	10	0	10	249,205	55,840	193,365
45. Social sciences	890	440	450	30	20	15	549,090	254,250	294,840
Business, management and public administration	3,330	1,390	1,940	55	30	25	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,995	1,335	2,665
44. Public administration and social service professions	100	15	85	0	0	0	213,140	40,230	172,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,230	1,375	1,855	55	30	25	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685
Physical and life sciences and technologies	690	390	290	10	0	0	513,555	241,780	271,785
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	305	125	180	0	0	0	227,460	90,390	137,075
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	80	45	0	0	0	108,350	48,075	60,280
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	10	0	0	0	14,270	5,690	8,580
40. Physical sciences	230	180	60	10	0	0	140,510	88,540	51,970
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0	0	0	0	22,960	9,090	13,870
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	720	505	215	0	0	0	667,305	445,970	221,330
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	585	445	140	0	0	0	554,185	392,835	161,350
25. Library science	35	0	35	0	0	0	27,610	4,720	22,885
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	55	40	0	0	0	70,940	39,000	31,940
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,565	9,415	5,155
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,090	1,680	410	20	15	0	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420
04. Architecture and related services	135	80	55	0	0	0	105,845	61,230	44,605
14. Engineering	1,190	890	300	10	10	0	724,235	568,385	155,850
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	300	255	40	0	0	0	536,600	464,510	72,090
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	160	350
46. Construction trades	135	135	0	0	0	0	510,105	493,000	17,100
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	220	220	0	0	0	0	467,225	452,385	14,840
48. Precision production	100	100	0	0	0	0	266,690	253,110	13,585
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	170	55	110	0	0	0	314,120	170,440	143,680
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	110	20	90	0	0	0	199,335	99,700	99,635
03. Natural resources and conservation	65	35	20	0	0	0	114,780	70,745	44,040
Health and related fields	1,140	275	870	20	0	20	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	155	75	80	0	0	0	139,280	67,885	71,385
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	945	175	775	20	0	20	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	945	3,485
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	25	10	0	0	0	48,115	23,255	24,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	380	180	200	0	0	0	772,450	399,835	372,615
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	250	70	175	0	0	0	414,520	112,935	301,590
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,955	2,575	375
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,850	3,415	435
43. Security and protective services	50	40	10	0	0	0	183,025	128,295	54,725
49. Transportation and materials moving	75	70	0	0	0	0	168,105	152,620	15,485
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,075	1,150	2,930
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	15,700	7,550	8,150	250	125	130	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,185	1,715	1,470	50	25	15	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	12,510	5,830	6,675	205	95	110	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100
Location of study inside Canada	9,765	4,515	5,250	190	90	100	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130
Same as province or territory of residence	8,815	4,010	4,810	180	90	95	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830
Different than province or territory of residence	950	505	445	0	0	0	1,239,495	602,195	637,300
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,750	1,320	1,425	20	10	10	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970
Americas	530	250	275	0	0	0	483,810	238,040	245,775
United States of America	240	130	100	0	0	0	279,005	143,575	135,435
Mexico	100	45	55	0	0	0	36,400	16,175	20,230
Cuba	10	0	10	0	0	0	8,345	4,275	4,070
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,620	5,645	4,970
Jamaica	10	0	10	0	0	0	12,780	6,110	6,670
Brazil	30	10	20	0	0	0	40,050	18,445	21,605
Colombia	30	0	25	0	0	0	31,165	13,875	17,295
Peru	10	10	10	0	0	0	7,780	3,025	4,750
Venezuela⁹⁵	40	20	20	0	0	0	12,655	5,330	7,320
Other locations of study in Americas	65	25	40	0	0	0	45,000	21,575	23,425
Europe	765	385	385	10	0	0	543,725	281,205	262,520
Belgium	10	0	0	0	0	0	7,795	4,260	3,535
France	205	100	105	0	0	0	97,770	53,930	43,840
Germany	25	10	15	0	0	0	22,450	12,070	10,380
Netherlands	20	15	0	0	0	0	10,825	6,065	4,765
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,470	4,420	4,050
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,160	2,465	2,700
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	0	0	0	0	9,055	4,165	4,890
Poland	45	20	25	0	0	0	25,215	11,115	14,100
Romania	105	50	55	0	0	0	32,250	16,190	16,060
Russian Federation	30	10	20	0	0	0	36,095	16,250	19,845
Ukraine	30	20	10	0	0	0	36,405	16,635	19,775
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0	0	0	16,040	9,175	6,865
United Kingdom⁸⁷	170	85	80	10	0	0	151,900	81,980	69,920
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,915	3,115
Italy	15	10	0	0	0	0	8,895	5,055	3,840
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	4,470	4,280
Other locations of study in Europe	80	45	35	0	0	0	60,615	30,055	30,560
Africa	185	75	105	0	0	0	216,815	111,010	105,805
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,280	16,395	16,880
Algeria	35	20	20	0	0	0	33,230	17,020	16,210
Morocco	20	0	15	0	0	0	23,640	12,125	11,510
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,655	7,100	5,555
Egypt	65	25	40	0	0	0	30,255	15,145	15,115
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0	0	0	19,060	9,900	9,160
Other locations of study in Africa	40	15	20	0	0	0	64,700	33,325	31,385
Asia	1,250	600	650	0	0	0	1,352,215	594,805	757,410
Iran⁸⁸	135	70	70	0	0	0	66,630	30,180	36,450
Iraq	20	0	0	0	0	0	16,515	8,250	8,265
Israel	15	0	10	0	0	0	11,355	5,725	5,630
Lebanon	25	15	15	0	0	0	19,565	9,355	10,210
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,405	7,885	8,520
Turkey	20	0	10	0	0	0	11,855	6,595	5,260
China⁹⁰	560	275	280	0	0	0	201,100	87,370	113,720
Taiwan	15	10	10	0	0	0	14,520	4,750	9,770
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0	0	0	18,325	7,445	10,875
Japan	15	0	10	0	0	0	18,605	5,280	13,325
Korea, South⁹²	60	25	40	0	0	0	53,575	20,575	33,000
Philippines	130	60	70	0	0	0	305,795	115,370	190,420
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,500	4,490	8,005
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0	0	0	25,000	11,360	13,645
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,085	7,090	7,995
India	175	90	75	0	0	0	405,850	199,380	206,475
Pakistan	35	15	20	0	0	0	75,155	35,055	40,100
Other locations of study in Asia	25	0	25	0	0	0	64,385	28,650	35,735
Oceania	15	10	0	0	0	0	47,960	24,495	23,460
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,525	19,270	19,250
New Zealand	15	10	0	0	0	0	7,785	4,300	3,485
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	930	730
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	26,675	12,600	14,080	385	190	195	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670
In the labour force	16,330	8,240	8,090	270	155	120	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070
Employed	14,965	7,560	7,405	255	140	115	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025
Unemployed	1,365	680	685	20	15	10	1,988,645	999,600	989,045
Not in the labour force	10,350	4,355	5,990	115	45	75	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605
Participation rate	61.2	65.4	57.5	70.1	81.6	61.5	63.7	67.7	59.8
Employment rate	56.1	60.0	52.6	66.2	73.7	59.0	57.1	60.9	53.4
Unemployment rate	8.4	8.3	8.5	7.4	9.7	8.3	10.3	9.9	10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	26,675	12,595	14,080	385	190	190	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,005	4,185	5,820	85	25	60	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170
Worked	16,670	8,415	8,260	300	170	130	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	9,125	4,900	4,225	150	90	60	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	7,550	3,515	4,035	155	80	75	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	41.6	40.0	39.6	40.0	39.2	41.0	41.7	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	16,330	8,240	8,090	275	155	120	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	305	150	155	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	16,025	8,090	7,935	275	155	120	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160
Employee	13,500	6,580	6,915	250	140	110	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375
Permanent position	11,480	5,775	5,710	200	115	85	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310
Temporary position	2,015	805	1,205	50	25	30	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065
Fixed term (1 year or more)	720	275	445	15	15	0	867,740	386,965	480,775
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,290	530	760	30	15	20	1,804,030	885,740	918,285
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,530	1,515	1,015	20	15	10	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	16,330	8,240	8,090	275	155	120	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	305	150	155	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915
All occupations¹⁹¹	16,025	8,090	7,935	275	155	120	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	350	235	115	0	0	0	254,760	177,450	77,315
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,590	1,240	2,350	70	30	40	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,140	1,580	555	25	20	0	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595
3 Health occupations	995	185	805	20	0	20	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,120	735	1,390	60	35	25	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	880	410	475	20	15	0	596,785	275,420	321,360
6 Sales and service occupations	3,700	1,825	1,875	60	30	25	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,635	1,475	155	15	15	0	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	110	95	15	0	0	0	541,235	416,960	124,270
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	510	310	200	0	0	0	857,540	612,415	245,120
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	16,330	8,240	8,090	275	155	120	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	305	150	155	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915
All industries¹⁹¹	16,025	8,090	7,935	275	155	120	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	65	40	30	0	0	0	434,800	295,160	139,640
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	0	10	0	0	0	239,030	195,605	43,425
22 Utilities	55	30	25	0	0	0	147,750	109,475	38,270
23 Construction	645	550	95	15	10	0	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025
31-33 Manufacturing	1,610	1,080	530	15	15	0	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330
41 Wholesale trade	1,145	660	490	25	20	0	610,295	406,960	203,335
44-45 Retail trade	1,640	775	865	20	10	10	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,035	685	345	0	0	0	981,030	742,515	238,515
51 Information and cultural industries	495	340	150	15	15	0	400,460	237,940	162,520
52 Finance and insurance	725	355	370	0	0	0	815,225	358,145	457,080
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	320	170	150	0	0	0	343,940	186,230	157,710
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,200	1,230	970	50	35	15	1,571,160	877,780	693,380
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	20	30	0	0	0	45,455	21,495	23,955
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	460	260	200	0	0	0	792,600	457,880	334,725
61 Educational services	1,770	590	1,185	60	25	40	1,413,320	436,645	976,670
62 Health care and social assistance	1,545	325	1,225	20	0	20	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	475	220	260	0	0	0	350,710	180,205	170,500
72 Accommodation and food services	745	320	425	15	10	0	1,085,270	478,000	607,270
81 Other services (except public administration)	520	210	310	0	0	0	797,935	373,775	424,165
91 Public administration	505	230	275	0	0	0	1,188,915	598,780	590,135
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	17,565	8,830	8,730	310	175	140	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490
English	5,605	2,935	2,670	110	70	45	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855
French	1,860	895	960	35	20	10	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420
Non-official language	95	40	50	0	0	0	169,205	89,515	79,685
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,935	3,590	3,345
Non-Indigenous	95	40	50	0	0	0	162,265	85,925	76,345
English and French	9,500	4,665	4,835	165	80	85	1,682,510	859,635	822,870
English and non-official language(s)	215	120	95	0	0	0	570,220	291,000	279,220
French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0	0	0	20,935	9,955	10,980
English, French and non-official language(s)	285	165	125	0	0	0	69,340	34,190	35,145
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,265	5,960	5,305
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	17,565	8,830	8,730	310	175	140	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490
Single responses	15,230	7,670	7,560	285	160	125	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810
Official languages	15,040	7,575	7,460	285	160	125	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175
English	10,855	5,420	5,435	210	110	95	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105
French	4,185	2,155	2,025	75	55	25	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070
Non-official languages	195	95	100	0	0	0	310,455	161,825	148,635
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	19,435	9,725	9,710
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	385	385
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	85
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	80	65
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	435	400
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	430	395
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,585	830	755
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	490	385
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	340	355
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	295	320
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	410	480
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	410	475
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	255	280
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	90
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	6,630	3,200	3,425
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0	0	0	6,605	3,200	3,405
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	35
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous languages	185	95	90	0	0	0	291,025	152,095	138,925
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	5,300	3,955
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	185	235
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	155	210
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	8,785	5,080	3,705
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	95	120
Arabic	10	0	0	0	0	0	7,190	4,250	2,940
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	325	130
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	240	90
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	70	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	240	340
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	165	160
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,770	4,135	5,635
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	285
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,260	3,905	5,350
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,180	2,580
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	1,895	2,310
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	185	210
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	170	205
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,410	1,605
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	140	110
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,255	1,425
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35
Indo-European languages	70	25	45	0	0	0	112,395	64,055	48,335
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	170	140
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	235
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,085	4,390	5,695
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	15	75
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	35
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	40
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,995	4,375	5,620
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	55	90
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	60	15
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,000	1,265
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,240	2,085	3,155
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	485	355
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	40
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	310	245
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	620	650
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	14,250	8,060	6,190
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
High German languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	10,480	5,695	4,790
German	10	0	10	0	0	0	6,615	3,655	2,970
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	520	530
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,540	2,245	1,290
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	515	440
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	420	140
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	445	430
Indo-Iranian languages	30	20	10	0	0	0	55,455	32,965	22,490
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	0	0	0	0	48,020	28,910	19,100
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	290	355
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	515	600
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,145	1,090
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	145
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,840	25,480	15,365
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	80	25
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,725	1,265	1,465
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,430	4,045	3,385
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	145	35
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,110	3,825	3,285
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	445	360
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,715	2,980	2,735
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	400	195
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	0	30	0	0	0	30,795	17,685	13,105
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	730	900
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	4,070	2,895
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	375	310
Spanish	25	0	20	0	0	0	21,455	12,465	8,990
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,560	1,225	2,340
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,345	7,125	7,225
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	210	200
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	95	55
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	795	1,210
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	620	970
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	110	180
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	65	35	0	0	0	128,375	64,180	64,190
Chinese languages	100	65	35	0	0	0	128,045	63,990	64,055
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25
Mandarin	65	50	25	0	0	0	76,040	37,760	38,280
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	210	270
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Yue (Cantonese)	30	20	10	0	0	0	50,950	25,725	25,225
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	240	220
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	175	125
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	20
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	50
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	45
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	310	450
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	275	395
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	695	650
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	25
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	660	615
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	215	270
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	50
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	25	65
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Multiple responses	2,330	1,160	1,170	30	15	20	453,880	231,205	222,675
English and French	2,265	1,120	1,145	25	10	20	321,975	163,305	158,675
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	20	0	0	0	115,955	60,210	55,745
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,280	2,795	3,485
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0	0	0	7,405	3,795	3,605
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,100	1,165
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	17,565	8,830	8,730	310	175	140	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490
None	9,805	4,985	4,820	170	100	75	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935
English	2,320	1,255	1,070	45	30	10	902,625	474,755	427,875
French	5,060	2,370	2,690	95	40	55	589,755	288,955	300,800
Non-official language	175	100	70	0	0	0	331,375	168,035	163,335
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,190	7,740	10,450
Non-Indigenous	170	100	65	0	0	0	313,185	160,295	152,885
English and French	25	10	15	0	0	0	2,940	1,445	1,495
English and non-official language(s)	65	40	30	0	0	0	33,125	15,680	17,445
French and non-official language(s)	100	70	35	0	0	0	22,615	11,475	11,135
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	210	150
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	50,740	25,425	25,315
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	14,965	7,560	7,405	250	140	110	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020
Worked at home	5,385	2,600	2,780	100	55	40	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705
Worked outside Canada	60	35	20	0	0	0	58,335	40,295	18,035
No fixed workplace address	1,025	720	305	15	15	0	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415
Usual place of work	8,495	4,200	4,290	135	70	65	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,495	4,205	4,295	140	65	65	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,720	1,155	1,570	60	30	30	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,155	2,605	2,550	65	35	35	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	550	390	160	10	0	0	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285
Commute to a different province or territory	65	50	15	0	0	0	98,060	60,210	37,850
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	9,515	4,920	4,595	155	85	70	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275
Car, truck or van	7,780	4,105	3,675	110	50	60	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,140	3,910	3,230	95	45	50	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	645	195	445	15	0	10	844,155	343,100	501,050
Public transit	900	420	475	35	20	15	1,000,510	422,270	578,235
Walked	485	240	245	0	0	0	672,815	296,610	376,205
Bicycle	140	60	75	0	0	0	138,615	92,195	46,415
Other method	215	95	120	0	0	0	285,820	144,225	141,595
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	9,515	4,920	4,595	155	85	70	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275
Less than 15 minutes	3,065	1,380	1,685	55	15	40	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185
15 to 29 minutes	3,680	1,960	1,720	45	35	10	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285
30 to 44 minutes	1,760	1,035	720	35	15	20	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670
45 to 59 minutes	535	290	240	10	0	0	910,610	542,485	368,125
60 minutes and over	480	255	230	20	10	0	926,120	599,115	327,005
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	9,515	4,920	4,595	155	85	70	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	425	330	100	15	10	0	938,820	701,960	236,865
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,275	790	485	25	15	10	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,730	1,330	1,400	50	15	30	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,325	1,070	1,255	55	40	20	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,555	705	845	10	0	10	1,661,340	740,915	920,430
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,210	700	510	0	0	0	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	6,170	3,230	2,940	105	50	55	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,805	1,985	1,820	70	35	40	897,205	456,120	441,085
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,365	1,245	1,120	35	15	20	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,775	2,495	2,285	80	35	45	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,005	1,565	1,440	60	25	30	682,190	346,420	335,770
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,530	1,325	1,205	55	25	35	467,685	234,475	233,215
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	475	240	235	0	0	0	214,500	111,950	102,550
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,770	930	840	20	10	10	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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