Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Pointe-Claire, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	33,488	...	...
Population, 2016¹	31,380	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	13,823	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	13,313	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,770.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	18.91	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	33,485	15,790	17,700
0 to 14 years	4,885	2,580	2,305
0 to 4 years	1,285	680	605
5 to 9 years	1,730	900	830
10 to 14 years	1,870	1,005	865
15 to 64 years	19,295	9,390	9,905
15 to 19 years	1,875	940	935
20 to 24 years	1,685	925	760
25 to 29 years	1,395	745	655
30 to 34 years	1,435	695	740
35 to 39 years	1,775	870	910
40 to 44 years	2,070	920	1,140
45 to 49 years	2,000	950	1,050
50 to 54 years	2,125	990	1,140
55 to 59 years	2,505	1,225	1,280
60 to 64 years	2,430	1,130	1,295
65 years and over	9,310	3,820	5,490
65 to 69 years	2,105	960	1,145
70 to 74 years	1,955	875	1,085
75 to 79 years	1,535	660	870
80 to 84 years	1,220	430	790
85 years and over	2,490	895	1,600
85 to 89 years	1,300	305	995
90 to 94 years	1,020	550	460
95 to 99 years	150	35	120
100 years and over	20	0	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.6	16.3	13.0
15 to 64 years	57.6	59.5	56.0
65 years and over	27.8	24.2	31.0
85 years and over	7.4	5.7	9.0
Average age of the population	47.2	44.8	49.3
Median age of the population	49.2	46.0	51.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	13,310	...	...
Single-detached house	6,645	...	...
Semi-detached house	910	...	...
Row house	1,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	110	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,515	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,780	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	13,315	...	...
1 person	4,080	...	...
2 persons	4,285	...	...
3 persons	2,030	...	...
4 persons	2,085	...	...
5 or more persons	830	...	...
Number of persons in private households	31,560	15,180	16,380
Average household size	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	28,605	13,205	15,395
Married or living common-law	15,820	7,855	7,965
Married	13,260	6,585	6,675
Living common-law	2,560	1,265	1,290
Living common law - Never married	1,810	895	915
Living common law - Separated	40	20	20
Living common law - Divorced	650	325	330
Living common law - Widowed	60	30	35
Not married and not living common-law	12,785	5,355	7,430
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,030	3,665	3,365
Not married and not living common law - Separated	505	230	275
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,205	845	1,360
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,050	615	2,435
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,105	...	...
2 persons	4,350	...	...
3 persons	2,015	...	...
4 persons	2,085	...	...
5 or more persons	645	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,100	...	...
Total couple families	7,725	...	...
Married couples	6,445	...	...
With children⁶	3,615	...	...
Without children	2,835	...	...
Common-law couples	1,280	...	...
With children⁶	595	...	...
Without children	685	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,380	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,075	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	305	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	31,560	15,180	16,380
Total - Persons in census families	26,525	13,190	13,335
Married spouses or common-law partners	15,450	7,690	7,760
Parents in one-parent families	1,375	305	1,075
Children⁶	9,700	5,195	4,500
In a two-parent family	7,605	4,085	3,515
In a one-parent family	2,090	1,105	985
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,035	1,985	3,045
Living alone	4,080	1,535	2,540
Living with other relatives⁷	515	185	330
Living with non-relatives only	445	265	180
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	13,315	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,520	...	...
Couple-family households	7,290	...	...
With children⁶	3,965	...	...
Without children	3,325	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,230	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	245	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	185	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	260	...	...
One-person households	4,080	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	26,675	12,600	14,080
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,665	12,115	13,545
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	49,200	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,675	12,125	13,555
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	42,400	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,670	11,270	12,400
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,400	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,135	9,165	8,960
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,800	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,070	8,665	11,405
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	11,200	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,025	865	1,160
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,480	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,905	3,510	3,405
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	26,680	12,600	14,080
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,660	12,135	13,520
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,300	69,200	56,050
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,665	12,140	13,525
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,040	52,300	46,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,760	11,295	12,465
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,900	65,400	49,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,130	9,120	9,015
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,950	63,650	48,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,885	8,595	11,285
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,350	11,790	12,780
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,045	890	1,155
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,770	6,280	8,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,830	3,535	3,295
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,710	8,470	8,960
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	26,675	12,595	14,080
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,905	4,750	4,155
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,000	80,000	66,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	89,500	99,200	78,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,980	3,180	3,795
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,500	15,900	15,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,760	29,680	24,300
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.6	88.0	81.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.5	69.0	57.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.4	12.1	19.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.2	3.9	4.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.6	3.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	26,675	12,595	14,080
Without total income	1,010	480	530
With total income	25,665	12,120	13,550
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,210	990	1,220
$10,000 to $19,999	2,785	1,200	1,585
$20,000 to $29,999	3,665	1,530	2,140
$30,000 to $39,999	2,885	1,235	1,645
$40,000 to $49,999	2,670	1,185	1,485
$50,000 to $59,999	2,245	960	1,290
$60,000 to $69,999	1,800	805	995
$70,000 to $79,999	1,450	710	740
$80,000 to $89,999	1,290	660	625
$90,000 to $99,999	965	490	470
$100,000 and over	3,700	2,355	1,345
$100,000 to $149,999	2,315	1,380	935
$150,000 and over	1,385	975	415
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	26,675	12,595	14,080
Without after-tax income	1,000	470	525
With after-tax income	25,675	12,125	13,550
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,370	1,030	1,335
$10,000 to $19,999	3,000	1,295	1,705
$20,000 to $29,999	4,210	1,800	2,410
$30,000 to $39,999	3,625	1,570	2,055
$40,000 to $49,999	3,175	1,420	1,750
$50,000 to $59,999	2,530	1,150	1,375
$60,000 to $69,999	1,900	950	950
$70,000 to $79,999	1,425	715	705
$80,000 to $89,999	970	535	435
$90,000 to $99,999	635	390	245
$100,000 and over	1,830	1,255	570
$100,000 to $124,999	915	600	315
$125,000 and over	915	655	255
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	26,675	12,595	14,080
Without employment income	8,545	3,430	5,115
With employment income	18,130	9,170	8,965
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,050	1,530	1,520
$5,000 to $9,999	1,420	640	780
$10,000 to $19,999	1,875	880	1,000
$20,000 to $29,999	1,380	640	740
$30,000 to $39,999	1,275	585	690
$40,000 to $49,999	1,360	575	780
$50,000 to $59,999	1,240	555	685
$60,000 to $69,999	1,090	525	560
$70,000 to $79,999	960	485	475
$80,000 to $89,999	970	505	465
$90,000 to $99,999	675	370	310
$100,000 and over	2,835	1,885	950
$100,000 to $124,999	1,150	710	445
$125,000 and over	1,680	1,180	505
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	26,675	12,600	14,080
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,065	11,805	13,265
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	49,600	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,085	11,805	13,270
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,000	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,395	11,125	12,270
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,400	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,145	9,125	9,015
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	47,200	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,100	7,595	10,515
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,850	4,600	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,465	640	825
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,560	4,320	7,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	26,680	12,600	14,080
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,065	11,800	13,260
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,300	69,300	50,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,085	11,805	13,275
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,080	52,350	40,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,370	11,125	12,245
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,500	67,800	46,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,010	9,035	8,975
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,150	65,600	48,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,960	7,495	10,465
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,280	8,520	9,830
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,335	560	775
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,040	6,440	10,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	26,675	12,595	14,080
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,800	4,695	4,100
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,500	78,000	60,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	85,200	96,500	72,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,555	3,020	3,530
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	23,800	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,040	37,160	31,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.8	92.2	84.6
Employment income (%)	69.2	72.4	65.2
Government transfers (%)	11.2	7.8	15.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.4	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	13,315	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,080	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,235	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	13,315	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	94,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,110	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	60,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,205	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	13,315	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	100	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	175	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	415	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	405	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	485	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	455	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	880	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	800	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	825	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	805	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	750	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,100	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,525	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,240	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,645	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,690	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	13,315	...	...
Under $5,000	160	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	100	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	190	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	560	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	500	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	495	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	595	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	585	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	530	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,045	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,045	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	975	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	915	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	820	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,735	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,695	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,170	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,875	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,080	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,350	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,220	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,325	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,525	1,805	2,715
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	44,800	43,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	38,800	38,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,070	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	147,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,335	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	122,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,230	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	175,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,310	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	124,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	108,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,525	1,875	2,650
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	58,100	62,700	54,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,560	48,520	45,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	31,560	15,175	16,385
0 to 17 years	6,025	3,155	2,875
0 to 5 years	1,645	875	775
18 to 64 years	18,095	8,800	9,295
65 years and over	7,435	3,225	4,210
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,565	1,130	1,435
0 to 17 years	460	245	220
0 to 5 years	95	40	50
18 to 64 years	1,205	580	625
65 years and over	900	310	595
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.1	7.4	8.8
0 to 17 years (%)	7.6	7.8	7.6
0 to 5 years (%)	5.7	4.6	6.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.6	6.6	6.8
65 years and over (%)	12.1	9.6	14.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	31,560	15,180	16,380
0 to 17 years	6,025	3,155	2,875
0 to 5 years	1,650	875	775
18 to 64 years	18,100	8,800	9,295
65 years and over	7,435	3,225	4,210
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,495	715	785
0 to 17 years	285	155	125
0 to 5 years	50	25	30
18 to 64 years	835	425	410
65 years and over	375	125	245
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.7	4.7	4.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7	4.9	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	2.8	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	4.9	4.4
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.0	5.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	31,560	15,175	16,385
In bottom half of the distribution	13,450	6,195	7,260
In bottom decile	2,220	1,020	1,200
In second decile	2,250	995	1,250
In third decile	2,750	1,235	1,520
In fourth decile	3,080	1,445	1,635
In fifth decile	3,150	1,490	1,660
In top half of the distribution	18,110	8,985	9,125
In sixth decile	3,410	1,625	1,790
In seventh decile	3,645	1,815	1,830
In eighth decile	3,560	1,760	1,800
In ninth decile	3,795	1,890	1,905
In top decile	3,700	1,900	1,805
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	31,560	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.352	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.450	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.297	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	33,005	15,640	17,370
English only	8,555	4,075	4,475
French only	1,100	445	655
English and French	22,810	10,890	11,920
Neither English nor French	540	220	315
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	33,005	15,640	17,370
English	22,135	10,595	11,535
French	7,765	3,560	4,200
English and French	2,585	1,260	1,325
Neither English nor French	525	215	310
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	33,005	15,640	17,370
Single responses	30,915	14,580	16,330
Official languages	22,350	10,605	11,740
English	15,595	7,500	8,095
French	6,750	3,105	3,650
Non-official languages	8,565	3,975	4,590
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	15	25
Algonquian languages	15	10	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	15	10	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	5	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	20	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	20	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,525	3,965	4,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	625	325	305
Berber languages	30	15	10
Kabyle	25	15	10
Tamazight	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	5	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	585	300	285
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	555	290	270
Aramaic languages	5	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	30	15	15
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	45	60
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	10
Vietnamese	85	35	50
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	330	125	210
Bikol	15	5	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	5
Cebuano	5	5	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	25	10	15
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	5	5	5
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	280	105	170
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	90	50	40
Haitian Creole	15	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	40	25	20
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Dravidian languages	115	50	65
Kannada	5	5	5
Malayalam	15	10	10
Tamil	70	30	50
Telugu	10	5	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,730	2,200	2,530
Albanian	20	10	10
Armenian	95	45	50
Balto-Slavic languages	920	415	510
Baltic languages	30	5	25
Latvian	15	5	10
Lithuanian	20	5	10
Slavic languages	885	405	480
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	80	40	40
Czech	40	20	25
Macedonian	5	5	0
Polish	295	135	160
Russian	285	135	145
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	70	30	35
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	20	5	10
Serbian	45	25	25
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	30	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	5
Ukrainian	80	25	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Germanic languages	455	180	275
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	350	135	215
German	335	125	210
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	5
Yiddish	10	5	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	35	45
Afrikaans	5	5	0
Dutch	70	30	40
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	15
Danish	10	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	0
Swedish	15	5	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	215	105	115
Indo-Iranian languages	960	490	470
Indo-Aryan languages	590	315	275
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	30	15	15
Gujarati	205	95	110
Hindi	85	45	40
Kacchi	0	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	5	5
Nepali	5	0	5
Oriya languages	5	5	0
Odia	5	5	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	135	80	55
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	10
Urdu	95	55	40
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	370	175	195
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	5	0	0
Persian languages	365	175	190
Dari	5	5	0
Iranian Persian	310	150	165
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	20	30
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,060	950	1,110
Catalan	0	5	0
Italian	760	355	405
Portuguese	225	100	125
Romanian	340	160	180
Spanish	735	330	405
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	50	15	35
Korean	210	95	115
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	55	30	25
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5
Bamanankan	5	0	5
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	5	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	10
Lingala	5	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	5	5	0
Yoruba	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,970	910	1,060
Chinese languages	1,970	910	1,060
Hakka	15	5	10
Mandarin	1,615	755	860
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	10
Yue (Cantonese)	290	125	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10
Lao	15	10	10
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	105	45	55
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	80	35	40
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	20	5	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Uralic languages	120	60	60
Estonian	10	5	5
Finnish	5	5	0
Hungarian	105	55	55
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,090	1,055	1,035
English and French	1,085	560	525
English and non-official language(s)	585	285	295
French and non-official language(s)	160	85	75
English, French and non-official language(s)	180	90	90
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	45
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	33,005	15,640	17,370
English	16,620	7,910	8,710
French	4,145	1,915	2,235
Non-official language	2,745	1,295	1,450
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	2,740	1,295	1,450
English and French	3,990	1,945	2,040
English and non-official language(s)	2,935	1,385	1,545
French and non-official language(s)	515	225	290
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,930	905	1,025
Multiple non-official languages	120	55	70
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	33,005	15,640	17,370
Single responses	30,855	14,605	16,245
Official languages	26,195	12,380	13,810
English	20,705	9,865	10,845
French	5,485	2,520	2,970
Non-official languages	4,660	2,230	2,430
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5
Algonquian languages	10	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	10	5	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	5	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,655	2,220	2,430
Afro-Asiatic languages	290	145	145
Berber languages	15	5	5
Kabyle	15	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	280	140	135
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	270	135	135
Aramaic languages	5	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	20	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5
Vietnamese	50	25	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	160	70	85
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	10	5
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	140	65	75
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	20	15
Haitian Creole	5	5	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	25	10	10
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0
Dravidian languages	65	25	40
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5
Tamil	50	20	30
Telugu	5	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,170	1,055	1,120
Albanian	15	10	5
Armenian	35	15	25
Balto-Slavic languages	465	235	225
Baltic languages	5	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	460	235	225
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	65	35	30
Czech	5	5	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	135	65	65
Russian	215	115	100
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	0
Serbian	15	15	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	15	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	10	10
German	15	10	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	15	10	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	55	30	30
Indo-Iranian languages	650	325	325
Indo-Aryan languages	370	190	180
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	15	10	10
Gujarati	120	55	65
Hindi	65	30	35
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0
Nepali	5	0	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95	55	40
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	65	35	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	280	135	145
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	275	135	145
Dari	5	5	0
Iranian Persian	235	115	125
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	15	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	905	430	480
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	125	60	70
Portuguese	115	55	60
Romanian	215	105	110
Spanish	445	205	240
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	5	10
Korean	155	70	90
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,555	735	820
Chinese languages	1,555	735	820
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,365	650	715
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	5
Yue (Cantonese)	160	70	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5
Lao	10	5	5
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	75	35	40
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	60	30	35
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	5	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	15	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	25	15	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,150	1,030	1,125
English and French	980	480	495
English and non-official language(s)	755	355	405
French and non-official language(s)	145	65	80
English, French and non-official language(s)	240	115	125
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	33,005	15,640	17,370
None	25,170	11,915	13,260
English	1,995	945	1,050
French	2,550	1,275	1,275
Non-official language	1,715	770	945
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10
Non-Indigenous	1,700	765	940
English and French	470	225	245
English and non-official language(s)	275	140	135
French and non-official language(s)	655	275	375
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25
Multiple non-official languages	125	65	60
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	31,560	15,180	16,385
Official languages	31,010	14,970	16,040
English	29,865	14,495	15,370
French	23,295	11,140	12,155
Non-official languages	11,795	5,620	6,175
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	0	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,770	5,615	6,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,165	605	565
Berber languages	35	20	15
Kabyle	25	15	10
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,145	590	555
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	1,015	525	490
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	145	70	70
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	50	65
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	10
Vietnamese	100	45	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	390	160	240
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10
Indonesian	15	10	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	15	0	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	365	145	225
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	180	95	85
Haitian Creole	75	45	30
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	100	45	55
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	15	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20
Dravidian languages	125	55	70
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0
Tamil	75	30	50
Telugu	25	15	15
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,330	3,485	3,845
Albanian	20	15	10
Armenian	125	55	70
Balto-Slavic languages	1,225	570	660
Baltic languages	45	20	30
Latvian	25	15	15
Lithuanian	20	0	15
Slavic languages	1,180	550	630
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	90	40	50
Czech	15	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	440	185	255
Russian	475	250	225
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	110	60	50
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	45	30	20
Serbian	70	40	25
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	35	15	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	0	15
Ukrainian	140	60	80
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	760	350	415
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	630	285	345
German	620	285	335
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	0	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	130	65	65
Afrikaans	35	15	15
Dutch	90	40	50
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	15	0
Scandinavian languages	50	20	25
Danish	25	10	20
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	340	140	200
Indo-Iranian languages	1,555	810	745
Indo-Aryan languages	1,050	570	480
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	100	50	50
Gujarati	315	150	165
Hindi	455	235	220
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	15	0	10
Marathi	25	10	15
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	315	210	105
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	10	20
Urdu	190	105	85
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	510	245	265
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	510	245	265
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	425	200	225
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	65	30	30
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,640	1,725	1,915
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	1,340	635	705
Portuguese	285	170	120
Romanian	350	185	165
Spanish	1,950	885	1,070
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	115	65	50
Korean	200	95	105
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	120	65	50
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	15	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	10	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	15	10
American Sign Language	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,190	1,060	1,130
Chinese languages	2,190	1,060	1,130
Hakka	15	10	0
Mandarin	1,950	955	995
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	20
Yue (Cantonese)	385	175	215
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	20
Lao	15	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Turkic languages	155	70	85
Azerbaijani	10	0	10
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	140	65	80
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	135	80	60
Estonian	15	10	0
Finnish	10	10	0
Hungarian	115	65	55
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	31,560	15,180	16,380
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	340	160	180
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	325	150	175
First Nations (North American Indian)	175	85	90
Métis	95	45	50
Inuk (Inuit)	50	20	25
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	10	0
Non-Indigenous identity	31,215	15,015	16,200
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	31,560	15,180	16,380
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	95	30	60
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	31,465	15,145	16,320
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	13,310	...	...
Owner	9,220	...	...
Renter	4,095	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	13,310	...	...
Condominium	1,820	...	...
Not condominium	11,490	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	13,310	...	...
No bedrooms	95	...	...
1 bedroom	1,640	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,955	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,205	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,415	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	13,310	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,620	...	...
5 rooms	1,855	...	...
6 rooms	1,715	...	...
7 rooms	1,835	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,285	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	13,310	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,170	...	...
More than one person per room	145	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	13,310	...	...
Suitable	12,865	...	...
Not suitable	450	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	13,310	...	...
1960 or before	4,835	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,415	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,905	...	...
1991 to 2000	875	...	...
2001 to 2005	490	...	...
2006 to 2010	340	...	...
2011 to 2015	335	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,115	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	13,310	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	12,550	...	...
Major repairs needed	765	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	13,310	...	...
One-maintainer household	7,000	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,985	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	325	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	13,310	...	...
15 to 24 years	110	...	...
25 to 34 years	980	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,990	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,265	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,015	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,415	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,765	...	...
85 years and over	765	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	13,265	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,585	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,685	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,395	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	13,310	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,655	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,485	...	...
Not suitable only	335	...	...
Major repairs needed only	590	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	70	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	9,660	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	12,980	...	...
In core need	645	...	...
Not in core need	12,335	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,220	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,406	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	628,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,090	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,340	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,386	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	31,560	15,175	16,380
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	110	40	65
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	85	30	55
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	50	15	35
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	25	10	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	25	10	15
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	445	230	210
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	435	230	210
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	350	195	155
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85	35	50
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	31,005	14,905	16,105
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	31,560	15,180	16,385
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	28,925	13,920	15,000
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,500	2,865	2,635
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	23,425	11,060	12,370
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,635	1,260	1,380
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	31,560	15,180	16,385
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	22,270	10,730	11,535
Immigrants⁸¹	8,515	4,050	4,465
Before 1980	2,105	1,015	1,085
1980 to 1990	1,095	530	570
1991 to 2000	1,275	595	675
2001 to 2010	1,980	915	1,055
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,055	990	1,065
2011 to 2015	1,005	500	505
2016 to 2021	1,050	490	565
Non-permanent residents⁸³	780	400	385
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,510	4,050	4,460
Under 5 years	850	425	425
5 to 14 years	1,385	720	665
15 to 24 years	1,350	585	760
25 to 44 years	4,120	1,950	2,170
45 years and over	810	370	445
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,510	4,050	4,460
Americas	1,215	515	705
Brazil	65	20	40
Colombia	85	25	60
El Salvador	15	0	10
Guyana	50	30	20
Haiti	30	20	0
Jamaica	45	10	30
Mexico	175	75	95
Peru	60	25	35
Trinidad and Tobago	40	10	35
United States of America	310	135	170
Other places of birth in Americas	340	155	185
Europe	2,785	1,370	1,415
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0
Croatia	25	15	10
France	325	185	135
Germany	180	80	105
Greece	70	25	40
Hungary	70	30	35
Italy	230	125	100
Netherlands	50	30	25
Poland	245	110	130
Portugal	75	40	35
Romania	250	115	130
Russian Federation	115	40	80
Serbia⁸⁶	40	20	25
Ukraine	70	25	50
United Kingdom⁸⁷	590	280	305
Other places of birth in Europe	445	230	210
Africa	760	390	370
Algeria	70	35	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	10
Egypt	255	130	125
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	165	80	80
Nigeria	15	15	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	230	120	105
Asia	3,740	1,770	1,970
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	390	195	190
Iraq	30	20	15
Lebanon	150	90	60
Syria⁸⁹	70	35	35
Turkey	85	30	50
China⁹⁰	1,280	620	660
Hong Kong⁹¹	75	35	45
Korea, South⁹²	120	60	65
Taiwan	40	10	30
Philippines	340	120	220
Viet Nam	85	35	55
Bangladesh	45	20	30
India	515	260	255
Pakistan	90	40	50
Sri Lanka	55	25	25
Other places of birth in Asia	355	180	175
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	10	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,050	490	565
Americas	155	65	95
Brazil	10	0	10
Colombia	10	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	20	10	10
United States of America	65	30	30
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	15	30
Europe	165	85	80
France	55	30	25
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	0
Russian Federation	25	10	15
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	20	0
Other places of birth in Europe	45	20	25
Africa	80	25	50
Algeria	25	10	15
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0
Nigeria	15	15	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	650	315	340
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	230	115	115
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	105	60	50
Iran⁸⁸	60	30	25
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	20	10	10
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	15	10	10
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	15
Lebanon	15	10	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	45	20	25
Saudi Arabia	15	10	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	20
Turkey	25	0	20
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	25	15	15
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	31,560	15,180	16,385
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,640	4,610	5,030
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,455	3,760	3,690
Third generation or more¹⁰²	14,465	6,805	7,660
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,410	3,035	3,375
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,195	2,070	2,125
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,870	1,120	750
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,325	955	1,370
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,600	620	975
Refugees¹⁰⁸	570	325	245
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	40	20	20
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,410	3,035	3,375
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	280	145	140
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	725	315	410
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	220	145	75
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	395	190	195
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	15	25
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,745	2,225	2,520
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	31,560	15,180	16,380
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,015	3,975	4,045
South Asian	1,410	760	645
Chinese	2,415	1,150	1,265
Black	875	450	420
Filipino	530	240	285
Arab	720	360	360
Latin American	695	325	365
Southeast Asian	210	100	115
West Asian	405	195	210
Korean	220	110	105
Japanese	150	80	65
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	65	40
Multiple visible minorities	285	130	160
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	23,545	11,200	12,335
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	31,560	15,180	16,385
Canadian	3,735	1,840	1,885
English	4,105	2,045	2,060
Irish	5,050	2,390	2,665
Scottish	4,170	2,040	2,130
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,110	2,425	2,690
German	1,555	745	815
Chinese	2,495	1,170	1,330
Italian	3,005	1,450	1,555
Indian (India)	870	480	385
Ukrainian	725	385	335
Dutch	390	175	215
Polish	1,120	510	610
Québécois	885	405	480
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,185	570	620
Filipino	510	235	275
French Canadian	1,325	550	775
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	335	135	205
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	165	95	75
Métis	100	35	55
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	380	210	170
Russian	625	290	335
Norwegian	110	55	55
Welsh	515	235	275
Portuguese	360	215	145
American	395	225	170
Spanish	530	245	290
Swedish	155	90	70
Hungarian	385	170	215
Acadian	200	80	125
Pakistani	165	85	80
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	250	140	110
Jewish	500	255	240
Punjabi	85	50	25
Vietnamese	145	60	85
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	425	200	220
Greek	550	245	300
Jamaican	110	45	70
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	150	70	80
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	15	15	0
Korean	205	110	95
Romanian	555	310	240
Lebanese	430	200	230
Iranian	425	215	210
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	200	75	125
Danish	110	50	65
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	40	15	25
Sikh	45	35	15
Austrian	165	75	95
Belgian	250	155	95
Haitian	125	70	55
Hindu	185	100	85
Mexican	305	125	175
Mennonite	20	15	0
Swiss	185	90	90
Finnish	55	25	30
Sri Lankan	80	45	40
Croatian	110	40	65
Japanese	200	105	90
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	75	35	35
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	15	15	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	20	30
Muslim	60	35	30
Egyptian	290	125	165
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	190	110	85
Tamil	40	15	25
Icelandic	20	10	10
Colombian	130	45	85
Moroccan	195	105	90
Czech	95	40	50
Syrian	160	80	80
Guyanese	85	30	50
Afghan	35	25	10
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	85	45	35
Serbian	95	50	40
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	55	10	45
Hong Konger	20	0	20
Ontarian	45	30	15
Persian	180	100	80
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	160	85	70
Turkish	150	70	85
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	50	20	30
Bangladeshi	55	30	25
Algerian	90	40	50
Brazilian	100	50	50
Nigerian	15	0	15
Armenian	280	140	140
Slovak	105	45	60
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	105	60	45
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	20	0	20
Iraqi	10	10	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	30	15	20
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	50	25	25
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	25	10
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	20	15
Algonquin	30	10	20
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	10	10
Lithuanian	135	65	70
South African	20	10	0
Australian	20	0	20
Palestinian	35	20	15
Chilean	40	15	20
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	50	20	30
Peruvian	70	25	40
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	15	10
Berber	70	30	40
Albanian	35	15	20
Maltese	15	15	0
Macedonian	10	10	0
Slovenian	60	20	40
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	15	20
New Brunswicker	20	15	10
Gujarati	30	20	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	25	10	20
Israeli	75	45	30
Mohawk	35	15	20
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	0	15
Bulgarian	115	60	65
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	10	0	10
Barbadian	65	35	35
African American	25	10	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	0	15
Tunisian	25	15	10
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45	25	25
Cuban	30	10	25
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	65	30	35
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	85	25	50
Bengali	25	15	10
Cameroonian	30	10	15
Guatemalan	15	15	0
Indonesian	30	15	10
Laotian	20	10	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	50	20	30
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	10	10
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	25	0	15
Franco Ontarian	20	10	15
Argentinian	50	20	30
Estonian	20	15	10
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	70	35	35
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	85	35	50
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	25	0	20
Assyrian	10	0	10
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	25	10	15
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	25	10	20
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	10
New Zealander	25	15	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	70	25	45
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	25	20
Huron (Wendat)	30	10	15
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	15	10	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	35	15	20
Mauritian	55	25	30
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	20	0	20
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	10	0	0
Cherokee	10	10	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	15	10	10
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	15	10	10
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	20	0	15
Sicilian	15	15	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	10	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	25	10	15
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	15	15	0
St. Lucian	10	0	10
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	25	15	10
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	20	15	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	31,560	15,180	16,380
Buddhist	205	85	125
Christian	18,310	8,335	9,975
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,245	560	690
Anabaptist	15	0	0
Anglican	1,255	545	710
Baptist	250	140	120
Catholic	11,565	5,230	6,335
Christian Orthodox	1,135	500	635
Jehovah's Witness	110	45	65
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	110	60	50
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	40	20	20
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	170	65	110
Presbyterian	300	150	150
Reformed	35	20	20
United Church	920	425	490
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,155	560	595
Hindu	630	310	320
Jewish	685	335	355
Muslim	1,285	680	605
Sikh	240	170	75
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	155	40	120
No religion and secular perspectives	10,040	5,230	4,810
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	31,295	15,020	16,270
Non-movers	28,430	13,630	14,795
Movers	2,865	1,390	1,475
Non-migrants	1,505	745	760
Migrants	1,355	640	720
Internal migrants	1,105	520	590
Intraprovincial migrants	935	440	495
Interprovincial migrants	170	80	95
External migrants	255	125	130
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	30,250	14,475	15,780
Non-movers	19,950	9,600	10,345
Movers	10,300	4,870	5,435
Non-migrants	2,225	1,005	1,220
Migrants	8,080	3,870	4,210
Internal migrants	6,540	3,130	3,410
Intraprovincial migrants	6,065	2,890	3,175
Interprovincial migrants	480	240	240
External migrants	1,540	740	795
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	26,680	12,595	14,080
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,730	1,335	1,390
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	23,950	11,260	12,685
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,700	7,550	8,150
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	635	400	235
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	15,060	7,150	7,910
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	26,675	12,600	14,080
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,550	1,215	1,335
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,675	2,805	2,865
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,455	8,570	9,875
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,735	3,585	4,150
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,530	875	650
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,020	520	495
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	510	355	155
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,160	2,235	2,920
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,050	475	575
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,715	4,985	5,730
Bachelor's degree	6,800	3,130	3,665
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	895	360	540
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	165	45	125
Master's degree	2,355	1,140	1,215
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	500	315	185
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,695	7,550	8,145
No certificate, diploma or degree	570	350	220
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,620	1,360	1,255
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,510	5,835	6,680
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,550	2,215	2,330
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	940	550	395
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	655	330	325
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	290	225	65
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,960	1,365	1,600
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	640	300	340
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,965	3,620	4,345
Bachelor's degree	5,095	2,345	2,745
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	665	245	425
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	135	35	100
Master's degree	1,725	805	925
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	345	200	145
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	26,675	12,595	14,080
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,220	4,025	4,200
Education	1,290	285	1,010
13. Education	1,290	285	1,010
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	865	320	540
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	65	25
50. Visual and performing arts	775	260	515
Humanities	1,265	400	865
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	255	35	210
23. English language and literature/letters	255	60	195
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	380	135	240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	25	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	30	15
54. History	140	60	80
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	35	65
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,580	1,035	1,550
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	265	130	135
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	325	45	280
22. Legal professions and studies	310	110	200
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	15	15
42. Psychology	350	75	270
45. Social sciences	1,280	650	635
Business, management and public administration	4,580	1,935	2,640
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	130	25	105
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,445	1,915	2,530
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,300	745	560
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	410	155	255
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	330	190	140
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	90	35	55
40. Physical sciences	440	345	100
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	970	645	330
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	705	540	165
25. Library science	95	10	85
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	80	70
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,965	2,470	490
04. Architecture and related services	190	115	75
14. Engineering	1,580	1,230	350
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	500	440	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	205	205	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	335	330	0
48. Precision production	160	150	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	230	95	135
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	150	45	105
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	50	35
Health and related fields	1,830	370	1,465
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	185	85	95
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,595	260	1,335
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	25	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	570	280	290
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	345	95	250
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	80	50	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	140	125	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,700	7,550	8,150
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,185	1,715	1,470
Education	730	160	570
13. Education	730	160	570
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	605	245	360
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	45	20
50. Visual and performing arts	540	205	340
Humanities	790	240	550
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	180	30	150
23. English language and literature/letters	155	30	120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	220	80	135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	20	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	10	10
54. History	95	50	55
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	15	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,870	700	1,170
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	200	95	100
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	245	30	220
22. Legal professions and studies	235	70	160
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	15	10
42. Psychology	275	50	230
45. Social sciences	890	440	450
Business, management and public administration	3,330	1,390	1,940
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	100	15	85
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,230	1,375	1,855
Physical and life sciences and technologies	690	390	290
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	305	125	180
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	80	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	10
40. Physical sciences	230	180	60
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	720	505	215
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	585	445	140
25. Library science	35	0	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	55	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,090	1,680	410
04. Architecture and related services	135	80	55
14. Engineering	1,190	890	300
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	300	255	40
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	135	135	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	220	220	0
48. Precision production	100	100	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	170	55	110
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	110	20	90
03. Natural resources and conservation	65	35	20
Health and related fields	1,140	275	870
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	155	75	80
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	945	175	775
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	25	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	380	180	200
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	250	70	175
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	50	40	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	75	70	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	15,700	7,550	8,150
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,185	1,715	1,470
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	12,510	5,830	6,675
Location of study inside Canada	9,765	4,515	5,250
Same as province or territory of residence	8,815	4,010	4,810
Different than province or territory of residence	950	505	445
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,750	1,320	1,425
Americas	530	250	275
United States of America	240	130	100
Mexico	100	45	55
Cuba	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	10
Brazil	30	10	20
Colombia	30	0	25
Peru	10	10	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	40	20	20
Other locations of study in Americas	65	25	40
Europe	765	385	385
Belgium	10	0	0
France	205	100	105
Germany	25	10	15
Netherlands	20	15	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	0
Poland	45	20	25
Romania	105	50	55
Russian Federation	30	10	20
Ukraine	30	20	10
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	170	85	80
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	15	10	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	80	45	35
Africa	185	75	105
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	35	20	20
Morocco	20	0	15
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	65	25	40
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Africa	40	15	20
Asia	1,250	600	650
Iran⁸⁸	135	70	70
Iraq	20	0	0
Israel	15	0	10
Lebanon	25	15	15
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	20	0	10
China⁹⁰	560	275	280
Taiwan	15	10	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0
Japan	15	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	60	25	40
Philippines	130	60	70
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	175	90	75
Pakistan	35	15	20
Other locations of study in Asia	25	0	25
Oceania	15	10	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	15	10	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	26,675	12,600	14,080
In the labour force	16,330	8,240	8,090
Employed	14,965	7,560	7,405
Unemployed	1,365	680	685
Not in the labour force	10,350	4,355	5,990
Participation rate	61.2	65.4	57.5
Employment rate	56.1	60.0	52.6
Unemployment rate	8.4	8.3	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	26,675	12,595	14,080
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,005	4,185	5,820
Worked	16,670	8,415	8,260
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	9,125	4,900	4,225
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	7,550	3,515	4,035
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	41.6	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	16,330	8,240	8,090
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	305	150	155
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	16,025	8,090	7,935
Employee	13,500	6,580	6,915
Permanent position	11,480	5,775	5,710
Temporary position	2,015	805	1,205
Fixed term (1 year or more)	720	275	445
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,290	530	760
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,530	1,515	1,015
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	16,330	8,240	8,090
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	305	150	155
All occupations¹⁹¹	16,025	8,090	7,935
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	350	235	115
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,590	1,240	2,350
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,140	1,580	555
3 Health occupations	995	185	805
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,120	735	1,390
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	880	410	475
6 Sales and service occupations	3,700	1,825	1,875
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,635	1,475	155
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	110	95	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	510	310	200
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	16,330	8,240	8,090
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	305	150	155
All industries¹⁹¹	16,025	8,090	7,935
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	65	40	30
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	0	10
22 Utilities	55	30	25
23 Construction	645	550	95
31-33 Manufacturing	1,610	1,080	530
41 Wholesale trade	1,145	660	490
44-45 Retail trade	1,640	775	865
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,035	685	345
51 Information and cultural industries	495	340	150
52 Finance and insurance	725	355	370
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	320	170	150
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,200	1,230	970
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	20	30
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	460	260	200
61 Educational services	1,770	590	1,185
62 Health care and social assistance	1,545	325	1,225
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	475	220	260
72 Accommodation and food services	745	320	425
81 Other services (except public administration)	520	210	310
91 Public administration	505	230	275
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	17,565	8,830	8,730
English	5,605	2,935	2,670
French	1,860	895	960
Non-official language	95	40	50
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	95	40	50
English and French	9,500	4,665	4,835
English and non-official language(s)	215	120	95
French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	285	165	125
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	17,565	8,830	8,730
Single responses	15,230	7,670	7,560
Official languages	15,040	7,575	7,460
English	10,855	5,420	5,435
French	4,185	2,155	2,025
Non-official languages	195	95	100
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	185	95	90
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	70	25	45
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	0	10
German	10	0	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	20	10
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	0	30
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	25	0	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	65	35
Chinese languages	100	65	35
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	65	50	25
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	20	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,330	1,160	1,170
English and French	2,265	1,120	1,145
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	17,565	8,830	8,730
None	9,805	4,985	4,820
English	2,320	1,255	1,070
French	5,060	2,370	2,690
Non-official language	175	100	70
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	170	100	65
English and French	25	10	15
English and non-official language(s)	65	40	30
French and non-official language(s)	100	70	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	14,965	7,560	7,405
Worked at home	5,385	2,600	2,780
Worked outside Canada	60	35	20
No fixed workplace address	1,025	720	305
Usual place of work	8,495	4,200	4,290
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,495	4,205	4,295
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,720	1,155	1,570
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,155	2,605	2,550
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	550	390	160
Commute to a different province or territory	65	50	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	9,515	4,920	4,595
Car, truck or van	7,780	4,105	3,675
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,140	3,910	3,230
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	645	195	445
Public transit	900	420	475
Walked	485	240	245
Bicycle	140	60	75
Other method	215	95	120
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	9,515	4,920	4,595
Less than 15 minutes	3,065	1,380	1,685
15 to 29 minutes	3,680	1,960	1,720
30 to 44 minutes	1,760	1,035	720
45 to 59 minutes	535	290	240
60 minutes and over	480	255	230
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	9,515	4,920	4,595
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	425	330	100
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,275	790	485
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,730	1,330	1,400
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,325	1,070	1,255
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,555	705	845
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,210	700	510
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	6,170	3,230	2,940
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,805	1,985	1,820
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,365	1,245	1,120
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,775	2,495	2,285
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,005	1,565	1,440
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,530	1,325	1,205
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	475	240	235
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,770	930	840

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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