Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Baie-D'Urfé, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove						QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	3,764	...	...	...	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	3,823	...	...	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 1.5	...	...	- 1.5	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	1,375	...	...	...	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	1,325	...	...	...	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	623.9	...	...	623.9	...	...	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	6.03	...	...	...	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	3,760	1,815	1,945	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	510	250	255	13.6	13.8	13.1	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	16.4	17.0	15.8
0 to 4 years	115	55	60	3.1	3.0	3.1	422,980	217,145	205,840	5.0	5.2	4.8
5 to 9 years	180	90	90	4.8	5.0	4.6	478,955	245,295	233,665	5.6	5.8	5.4
10 to 14 years	205	100	110	5.5	5.5	5.7	489,425	250,855	238,570	5.8	6.0	5.5
15 to 64 years	2,275	1,115	1,165	60.5	61.4	59.9	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	63.0	63.9	62.1
15 to 19 years	295	145	150	7.8	8.0	7.7	429,400	219,400	209,995	5.1	5.2	4.9
20 to 24 years	255	135	120	6.8	7.4	6.2	460,660	235,250	225,405	5.4	5.6	5.2
25 to 29 years	140	70	75	3.7	3.9	3.9	527,150	266,455	260,700	6.2	6.3	6.1
30 to 34 years	105	50	50	2.8	2.8	2.6	536,040	267,770	268,270	6.3	6.4	6.2
35 to 39 years	135	65	70	3.6	3.6	3.6	550,425	274,350	276,075	6.5	6.5	6.4
40 to 44 years	195	95	100	5.2	5.2	5.1	572,565	286,405	286,160	6.7	6.8	6.7
45 to 49 years	225	100	120	6.0	5.5	6.2	516,465	259,565	256,905	6.1	6.2	6.0
50 to 54 years	320	150	175	8.5	8.3	9.0	522,935	262,610	260,325	6.2	6.2	6.1
55 to 59 years	335	160	170	8.9	8.8	8.7	615,690	307,230	308,465	7.2	7.3	7.2
60 to 64 years	265	135	130	7.0	7.4	6.7	625,610	307,710	317,900	7.4	7.3	7.4
65 years and over	985	455	530	26.2	25.1	27.2	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	20.6	19.1	22.1
65 to 69 years	255	125	135	6.8	6.9	6.9	541,970	264,020	277,950	6.4	6.3	6.5
70 to 74 years	205	95	110	5.5	5.2	5.7	455,900	217,985	237,910	5.4	5.2	5.5
75 to 79 years	175	85	85	4.7	4.7	4.4	330,840	153,790	177,050	3.9	3.7	4.1
80 to 84 years	155	65	85	4.1	3.6	4.4	210,405	90,825	119,580	2.5	2.2	2.8
85 years and over	195	80	110	5.2	4.4	5.7	214,415	75,305	139,115	2.5	1.8	3.2
85 to 89 years	100	45	50	2.7	2.5	2.6	131,755	50,610	81,150	1.5	1.2	1.9
90 to 94 years	60	25	40	1.6	1.4	2.1	65,020	20,490	44,535	0.8	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	25	5	20	0.7	0.3	1.0	15,665	3,875	11,790	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,975	330	1,640	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.6	13.8	13.1	13.6	13.8	13.1	16.4	17.0	15.8	16.4	17.0	15.8
15 to 64 years	60.5	61.4	59.9	60.5	61.4	59.9	63.0	63.9	62.1	63.0	63.9	62.1
65 years and over	26.2	25.1	27.2	26.2	25.1	27.2	20.6	19.1	22.1	20.6	19.1	22.1
85 years and over	5.2	4.4	5.7	5.2	4.4	5.7	2.5	1.8	3.2	2.5	1.8	3.2
Average age of the population	46.5	45.7	47.2	46.5	45.7	47.2	42.8	41.8	43.7	42.8	41.8	43.7
Median age of the population	50.4	49.6	50.8	50.4	49.6	50.8	43.2	42.0	44.0	43.2	42.0	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	1,325	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	1,235	...	...	93.2	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	44.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	0.4	...	...	199,080	...	...	5.3	...	...
Row house	40	...	...	3.0	...	...	98,625	...	...	2.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	0.4	...	...	271,245	...	...	7.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	40	...	...	3.0	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	33.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	0.4	...	...	225,745	...	...	6.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	15,745	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	23,760	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	1,325	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	195	...	...	14.7	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	35.1	...	...
2 persons	505	...	...	38.1	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	34.6	...	...
3 persons	225	...	...	17.0	...	...	480,135	...	...	12.8	...	...
4 persons	265	...	...	20.0	...	...	427,605	...	...	11.4	...	...
5 or more persons	140	...	...	10.6	...	...	228,060	...	...	6.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	3,660	1,790	1,870	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	3,255	1,570	1,685	100.0	100.0	100.0	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	2,080	1,035	1,040	63.9	65.9	61.7	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	55.8	56.9	54.7
Married	1,870	925	940	57.5	58.9	55.8	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	32.5	33.2	31.9
Living common-law	215	105	105	6.6	6.7	6.2	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	23.3	23.8	22.8
Living common law - Never married	125	60	65	3.8	3.8	3.9	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	18.9	19.2	18.6
Living common law - Separated	5	5	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	17,505	9,090	8,410	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	80	45	35	2.5	2.9	2.1	261,885	135,520	126,370	3.7	3.9	3.5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,900	14,070	17,830	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	1,175	530	645	36.1	33.8	38.3	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	44.2	43.1	45.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	820	435	390	25.2	27.7	23.1	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	30.4	33.4	27.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	30	15	15	0.9	1.0	0.9	106,275	48,095	58,175	1.5	1.4	1.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	110	40	70	3.4	2.5	4.2	494,210	197,455	296,755	7.0	5.7	8.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	215	40	175	6.6	2.5	10.4	380,100	89,515	290,580	5.3	2.6	8.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	1,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	520	...	...	46.2	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	54.6	...	...
3 persons	225	...	...	20.0	...	...	454,980	...	...	19.6	...	...
4 persons	265	...	...	23.6	...	...	412,850	...	...	17.8	...	...
5 or more persons	115	...	...	10.2	...	...	187,600	...	...	8.1	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	1,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	1,015	...	...	90.2	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	83.5	...	...
Married couples	910	...	...	80.9	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	47.8	...	...
With children⁶	505	...	...	44.9	...	...	502,020	...	...	21.6	...	...
Without children	400	...	...	35.6	...	...	609,605	...	...	26.2	...	...
Common-law couples	105	...	...	9.3	...	...	828,005	...	...	35.6	...	...
With children⁶	50	...	...	4.4	...	...	401,885	...	...	17.3	...	...
Without children	55	...	...	4.9	...	...	426,120	...	...	18.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	110	...	...	9.8	...	...	383,775	...	...	16.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	80	...	...	7.1	...	...	284,025	...	...	12.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	30	...	...	2.7	...	...	99,755	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	3,660	1,790	1,875	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	3,375	1,680	1,690	92.2	93.9	90.1	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	78.9	78.9	78.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	2,030	1,015	1,010	55.5	56.7	53.9	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	46.7	47.0	46.3
Parents in one-parent families	110	30	80	3.0	1.7	4.3	383,780	99,755	284,020	4.6	2.4	6.8
Children⁶	1,235	635	600	33.7	35.5	32.0	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	27.6	29.4	25.8
In a two-parent family	1,055	540	520	28.8	30.2	27.7	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	20.6	21.8	19.4
In a one-parent family	180	100	85	4.9	5.6	4.5	585,820	317,400	268,415	7.1	7.7	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	290	110	180	7.9	6.1	9.6	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	21.1	21.1	21.1
Living alone	195	75	120	5.3	4.2	6.4	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	15.9	15.5	16.2
Living with other relatives⁷	40	10	30	1.1	0.6	1.6	165,070	74,060	91,005	2.0	1.8	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	50	25	25	1.4	1.4	1.3	268,810	158,325	110,485	3.2	3.8	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	1,325	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	1,060	...	...	80.0	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	57.8	...	...
Couple-family households	965	...	...	72.8	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	48.9	...	...
With children⁶	525	...	...	39.6	...	...	851,835	...	...	22.7	...	...
Without children	435	...	...	32.8	...	...	982,260	...	...	26.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	95	...	...	7.2	...	...	331,395	...	...	8.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	30	...	...	2.3	...	...	50,790	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	5	...	...	0.4	...	...	9,225	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	15	...	...	1.1	...	...	66,750	...	...	1.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	20	...	...	1.5	...	...	139,280	...	...	3.7	...	...
One-person households	195	...	...	14.7	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	35.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	3,150	1,545	1,615	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,980	1,470	1,505	94.6	95.1	93.2	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	97.4	97.4	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,800	64,500	41,600	50,800	64,500	41,600	40,800	44,800	37,200	40,800	44,800	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,980	1,470	1,505	94.6	95.1	93.2	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	97.4	97.5	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	52,400	36,800	43,200	52,400	36,800	36,400	39,200	33,600	36,400	39,200	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,790	1,395	1,390	88.6	90.3	86.1	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	87.5	89.3	85.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	59,600	34,800	45,200	59,600	34,800	33,600	39,600	28,000	33,600	39,600	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,065	1,100	965	65.6	71.2	59.8	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	70.5	74.3	66.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	56,000	34,800	43,200	56,000	34,800	36,000	40,400	31,600	36,000	40,400	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,180	975	1,205	69.2	63.1	74.6	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	80.9	76.9	84.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,100	10,900	9,700	10,100	10,900	9,700	11,500	10,200	12,300	11,500	10,200	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	135	55	80	4.3	3.6	5.0	837,635	441,080	396,550	12.1	12.9	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	4,800	5,800	5,480	4,800	5,800	5,520	5,520	5,600	5,520	5,520	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	770	400	375	24.4	25.9	23.2	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	28.5	30.4	26.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,650	6,000	8,000	7,650	6,000	8,000	7,000	6,500	8,000	7,000	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	3,155	1,515	1,640	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,920	1,435	1,485	92.6	94.7	90.5	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	97.4	97.4	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	91,800	116,600	67,700	91,800	116,600	67,700	51,160	57,550	44,960	51,160	57,550	44,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,920	1,435	1,485	92.6	94.7	90.5	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	97.4	97.5	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	67,300	82,600	52,500	67,300	82,600	52,500	41,840	45,760	38,000	41,840	45,760	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,735	1,385	1,350	86.7	91.4	82.3	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	87.5	89.3	85.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	89,400	113,600	64,600	89,400	113,600	64,600	45,480	52,900	38,000	45,480	52,900	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,070	1,070	995	65.6	70.6	60.7	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	70.5	74.4	66.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	84,500	108,200	59,000	84,500	108,200	59,000	46,240	51,950	40,040	46,240	51,950	40,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,125	940	1,180	67.4	62.0	72.0	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	80.8	76.9	84.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,150	11,040	11,240	11,150	11,040	11,240	12,410	11,500	13,220	12,410	11,500	13,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	120	40	85	3.8	2.6	5.2	837,180	441,665	395,515	12.1	12.9	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,600	7,600	9,200	8,600	7,600	9,200	7,040	6,380	7,780	7,040	6,380	7,780
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	785	390	395	24.9	25.7	24.1	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	28.4	30.4	26.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,820	8,280	9,360	8,820	8,280	9,360	8,130	7,910	8,390	8,130	7,910	8,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	3,155	1,510	1,640	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	925	550	380	29.3	36.4	23.2	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	33.3	36.5	30.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	114,000	129,000	81,000	114,000	129,000	81,000	58,400	62,800	53,600	58,400	62,800	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	150,800	182,000	106,000	150,800	182,000	106,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	69,700	76,600	61,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	795	340	460	25.2	22.5	28.0	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	29.1	29.0	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	11,000	11,000	11,000	11,000	11,000	11,000	18,600	21,400	16,600	18,600	21,400	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,300	42,600	31,700	36,300	42,600	31,700	28,160	32,120	24,360	28,160	32,120	24,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	91.2	93.8	86.8	91.2	93.8	86.8	79.8	84.2	74.4	79.8	84.2	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.0	69.2	58.4	65.0	69.2	58.4	65.4	68.8	61.0	65.4	68.8	61.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	8.8	6.2	13.2	8.8	6.2	13.2	20.1	15.8	25.6	20.1	15.8	25.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	0.2	0.8	0.4	0.2	0.8	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.7	1.5	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.8	2.1	4.1	2.8	2.1	4.1	5.4	4.8	6.1	5.4	4.8	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.6	1.9	3.7	2.6	1.9	3.7	4.6	4.3	5.1	4.6	4.3	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	3,155	1,540	1,610	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	175	70	110	5.5	4.5	6.8	179,955	87,650	92,310	2.6	2.6	2.6
With total income	2,975	1,475	1,505	94.3	95.8	93.5	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	97.4	97.4	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	335	135	200	11.3	9.2	13.3	462,400	204,245	258,155	6.9	6.1	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	345	150	195	11.6	10.2	13.0	809,375	334,315	475,065	12.0	10.0	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	345	160	180	11.6	10.8	12.0	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	16.7	15.0	18.3
$30,000 to $39,999	240	85	155	8.1	5.8	10.3	896,520	414,070	482,445	13.3	12.4	14.1
$40,000 to $49,999	205	90	115	6.9	6.1	7.6	849,005	411,680	437,325	12.6	12.4	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	200	75	125	6.7	5.1	8.3	687,020	345,720	341,305	10.2	10.4	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	170	70	100	5.7	4.7	6.6	503,110	271,695	231,415	7.5	8.2	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	145	65	80	4.9	4.4	5.3	367,455	208,475	158,980	5.5	6.3	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	130	60	65	4.4	4.1	4.3	284,690	158,760	125,930	4.2	4.8	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	110	60	55	3.7	4.1	3.7	198,140	112,355	85,780	2.9	3.4	2.5
$100,000 and over	750	515	235	25.2	34.9	15.6	556,780	365,700	191,080	8.3	11.0	5.6
$100,000 to $149,999	290	175	115	9.7	11.9	7.6	385,890	245,635	140,260	5.7	7.4	4.1
$150,000 and over	460	340	120	15.5	23.1	8.0	170,890	120,065	50,820	2.5	3.6	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	3,155	1,540	1,610	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	175	70	110	5.5	4.5	6.8	177,960	86,610	91,355	2.6	2.5	2.6
With after-tax income	2,975	1,475	1,505	94.3	95.8	93.5	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	97.4	97.5	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	360	140	225	12.1	9.5	15.0	495,035	214,000	281,030	7.3	6.4	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	375	165	210	12.6	11.2	14.0	853,250	356,480	496,765	12.7	10.7	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	395	180	215	13.3	12.2	14.3	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	19.5	17.8	21.2
$30,000 to $39,999	260	100	160	8.7	6.8	10.6	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	16.7	16.4	17.1
$40,000 to $49,999	290	120	175	9.7	8.1	11.6	994,235	505,970	488,265	14.7	15.2	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	225	95	125	7.6	6.4	8.3	691,015	372,870	318,145	10.3	11.2	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	195	90	105	6.6	6.1	7.0	459,665	251,490	208,170	6.8	7.6	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	145	75	75	4.9	5.1	5.0	292,135	160,985	131,150	4.3	4.8	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	115	60	50	3.9	4.1	3.3	174,905	104,610	70,295	2.6	3.1	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	100	60	40	3.4	4.1	2.7	106,165	67,055	39,105	1.6	2.0	1.1
$100,000 and over	515	385	135	17.3	26.1	9.0	229,765	156,750	73,020	3.4	4.7	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	165	120	45	5.5	8.1	3.0	119,125	78,615	40,515	1.8	2.4	1.2
$125,000 and over	350	260	90	11.8	17.6	6.0	110,635	78,130	32,505	1.6	2.3	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	3,155	1,540	1,610	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	1,085	440	645	34.4	28.6	40.1	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	29.5	25.7	33.3
With employment income	2,065	1,100	970	65.5	71.4	60.2	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	70.5	74.3	66.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	395	210	185	19.1	19.1	19.1	644,075	331,770	312,300	13.2	13.1	13.4
$5,000 to $9,999	205	100	105	9.9	9.1	10.8	401,185	180,585	220,595	8.2	7.1	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	190	95	95	9.2	8.6	9.8	603,350	273,725	329,620	12.4	10.8	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	105	45	60	5.1	4.1	6.2	495,105	228,670	266,435	10.2	9.0	11.4
$30,000 to $39,999	100	35	65	4.8	3.2	6.7	488,000	239,620	248,380	10.0	9.4	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	105	40	65	5.1	3.6	6.7	485,845	242,230	243,610	10.0	9.5	10.4
$50,000 to $59,999	105	35	70	5.1	3.2	7.2	403,980	217,425	186,560	8.3	8.6	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	80	30	45	3.9	2.7	4.6	320,700	184,770	135,935	6.6	7.3	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	65	30	40	3.1	2.7	4.1	250,635	147,020	103,615	5.1	5.8	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	90	45	45	4.4	4.1	4.6	218,100	120,085	98,020	4.5	4.7	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	65	35	35	3.1	3.2	3.6	141,540	86,090	55,450	2.9	3.4	2.4
$100,000 and over	560	400	160	27.1	36.4	16.5	422,055	285,910	136,145	8.7	11.3	5.8
$100,000 to $124,999	130	80	50	6.3	7.3	5.2	205,085	133,500	71,585	4.2	5.3	3.1
$125,000 and over	430	320	110	20.8	29.1	11.3	216,965	152,410	64,555	4.5	6.0	2.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	3,150	1,545	1,615	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,900	1,430	1,470	92.1	92.6	91.0	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	95.6	95.5	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800	66,000	40,800	50,800	66,000	40,800	38,400	43,200	34,000	38,400	43,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,905	1,430	1,470	92.2	92.6	91.0	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	95.6	95.5	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	54,800	34,800	42,400	54,800	34,800	34,000	37,600	30,600	34,000	37,600	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,765	1,385	1,390	87.8	89.6	86.1	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	86.1	87.9	84.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	62,000	35,600	46,000	62,000	35,600	34,800	40,400	29,200	34,800	40,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,055	1,085	965	65.2	70.2	59.8	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	70.4	74.1	66.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	60,400	36,800	44,400	60,400	36,800	36,400	41,200	31,800	36,400	41,200	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,890	830	1,065	60.0	53.7	65.9	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	73.4	68.3	78.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,120	5,800	6,240	6,120	5,800	6,240	7,800	5,640	9,100	7,800	5,640	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	105	45	60	3.3	2.9	3.7	727,165	390,255	336,910	10.5	11.4	9.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,160	5,160	6,700	6,160	5,160	6,700	5,000	4,760	5,280	5,000	4,760	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	3,155	1,515	1,640	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,865	1,410	1,450	90.8	93.1	88.4	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	95.6	95.5	95.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	90,300	117,700	63,700	90,300	117,700	63,700	48,600	55,500	41,880	48,600	55,500	41,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,865	1,410	1,450	90.8	93.1	88.4	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	95.6	95.5	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,700	81,900	48,040	64,700	81,900	48,040	39,600	44,000	35,320	39,600	44,000	35,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,730	1,365	1,365	86.5	90.1	83.2	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	86.1	87.9	84.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	89,000	116,200	61,650	89,000	116,200	61,650	45,920	53,800	37,920	45,920	53,800	37,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,080	1,055	1,020	65.9	69.6	62.2	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	70.4	74.1	66.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	85,000	106,800	62,600	85,000	106,800	62,600	46,240	52,450	39,520	46,240	52,450	39,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,840	810	1,035	58.3	53.5	63.1	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	73.4	68.2	78.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,280	8,440	8,140	8,280	8,440	8,140	9,450	8,430	10,320	9,450	8,430	10,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	125	55	70	4.0	3.6	4.3	727,815	390,880	336,935	10.5	11.4	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,400	6,600	10,000	8,400	6,600	10,000	7,020	5,975	8,230	7,020	5,975	8,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	3,155	1,510	1,640	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	925	545	385	29.3	36.1	23.5	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	33.1	36.3	30.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	106,000	127,000	72,000	106,000	127,000	72,000	54,800	60,000	49,200	54,800	60,000	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	140,000	170,000	96,800	140,000	170,000	96,800	65,400	72,900	56,600	65,400	72,900	56,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	730	310	425	23.1	20.5	25.9	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	27.4	27.4	27.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	17,800	14,900	16,200	17,800	14,900	23,600	27,200	21,000	23,600	27,200	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	51,500	51,600	51,600	51,500	51,600	51,600	33,000	37,800	28,360	33,000	37,800	28,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	94.2	95.8	90.8	94.2	95.8	90.8	85.0	89.2	79.8	85.0	89.2	79.8
Employment income (%)	68.6	68.0	69.2	68.6	68.0	69.2	70.0	73.4	66.0	70.0	73.4	66.0
Government transfers (%)	5.9	4.1	9.1	5.9	4.1	9.1	14.9	10.8	20.2	14.9	10.8	20.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	0.2	0.8	0.4	0.2	0.8	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.6	1.3	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	1,325	...	...	...	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	195	...	...	...	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...	55,600	...	...	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	1,130	...	...	...	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	159,000	...	...	159,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	1,325	...	...	...	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	202,600	...	...	202,600	...	...	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	148,600	...	...	148,600	...	...	75,200	...	...	75,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	195	...	...	...	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	153,000	...	...	153,000	...	...	47,680	...	...	47,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...	39,640	...	...	39,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	1,130	...	...	...	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	211,200	...	...	211,200	...	...	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	153,600	...	...	153,600	...	...	94,500	...	...	94,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	1,325	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	0.8	...	...	35,920	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	23,880	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	0.4	...	...	52,080	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	82,470	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	1.9	...	...	218,185	...	...	5.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	0.8	...	...	144,420	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	1.5	...	...	143,285	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	1.1	...	...	172,005	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	1.9	...	...	174,790	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	1.9	...	...	166,990	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	45	...	...	3.4	...	...	310,880	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	55	...	...	4.2	...	...	280,505	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	55	...	...	4.2	...	...	255,770	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	70	...	...	5.3	...	...	235,235	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	55	...	...	4.2	...	...	208,320	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	900	...	...	67.9	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	33.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	145	...	...	10.9	...	...	414,805	...	...	11.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	110	...	...	8.3	...	...	282,590	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	195	...	...	14.7	...	...	307,835	...	...	8.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	445	...	...	33.6	...	...	239,060	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	1,325	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	1.5	...	...	40,590	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	24,960	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	0.4	...	...	53,600	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	0.4	...	...	87,695	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	1.9	...	...	234,875	...	...	6.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	1.5	...	...	177,135	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	1.1	...	...	180,150	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	1.9	...	...	213,760	...	...	5.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	30	...	...	2.3	...	...	210,280	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	35	...	...	2.6	...	...	193,530	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	75	...	...	5.7	...	...	356,325	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	70	...	...	5.3	...	...	322,530	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	75	...	...	5.7	...	...	289,580	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	85	...	...	6.4	...	...	254,885	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	75	...	...	5.7	...	...	216,370	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	765	...	...	57.7	...	...	892,775	...	...	23.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	160	...	...	12.1	...	...	387,835	...	...	10.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	140	...	...	10.6	...	...	225,830	...	...	6.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	460	...	...	34.7	...	...	279,105	...	...	7.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	1,115	...	...	...	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	159,000	...	...	159,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	440	...	...	...	...	...	991,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	560	...	...	...	...	...	907,765	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	204,000	...	...	204,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,000	...	...	158,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	105	...	...	...	...	...	368,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	250	95	145	...	...	...	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	63,200	63,600	63,200	63,200	63,600	63,200	36,800	39,200	34,800	36,800	39,200	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,600	51,600	52,000	51,600	51,600	52,000	33,200	34,800	31,600	33,200	34,800	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	1,115	...	...	...	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	212,400	...	...	212,400	...	...	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	154,400	...	...	154,400	...	...	95,100	...	...	95,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	440	...	...	...	...	...	992,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	168,000	...	...	168,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	101,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	125,600	...	...	125,600	...	...	82,200	...	...	82,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	555	...	...	...	...	...	909,160	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	266,000	...	...	266,000	...	...	151,200	...	...	151,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	190,000	...	...	190,000	...	...	121,300	...	...	121,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	110	...	...	...	...	...	367,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	78,700	...	...	78,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	240	110	130	...	...	...	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	132,000	92,000	168,000	132,000	92,000	168,000	45,480	48,000	42,920	45,480	48,000	42,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	104,000	67,000	136,000	104,000	67,000	136,000	38,040	39,400	36,640	38,040	39,400	36,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	3,660	1,785	1,870	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	685	335	345	18.7	18.8	18.4	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	19.8	20.5	19.2
0 to 5 years	145	65	75	4.0	3.6	4.0	515,725	264,785	250,935	6.2	6.4	6.0
18 to 64 years	2,095	1,025	1,070	57.2	57.4	57.2	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	60.9	61.3	60.5
65 years and over	880	430	450	24.0	24.1	24.1	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	19.3	18.2	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	230	100	130	...	...	...	992,235	463,295	528,940	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	60	30	30	...	...	...	159,530	82,000	77,530	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	15	10	5	...	...	...	53,105	27,240	25,870	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	125	60	70	...	...	...	515,470	256,435	259,035	...	...	...
65 years and over	45	10	35	...	...	...	317,235	124,865	192,370	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.2	5.7	6.7	6.2	5.7	6.7	11.9	11.2	12.7	11.9	11.2	12.7
0 to 17 years (%)	8.8	9.5	7.6	8.8	9.5	7.6	9.7	9.7	9.7	9.7	9.7	9.7
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	12.0	8.0	10.0	12.0	8.0	10.3	10.3	10.3	10.3	10.3	10.3
18 to 64 years (%)	5.9	5.6	6.2	5.9	5.6	6.2	10.2	10.1	10.2	10.2	10.1	10.2
65 years and over (%)	5.2	3.2	7.2	5.2	3.2	7.2	19.8	16.6	22.7	19.8	16.6	22.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	3,660	1,790	1,875	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	685	335	350	18.7	18.7	18.7	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	19.8	20.4	19.2
0 to 5 years	145	65	80	4.0	3.6	4.3	511,400	262,535	248,860	6.2	6.4	6.0
18 to 64 years	2,100	1,025	1,075	57.4	57.3	57.3	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	60.9	61.3	60.5
65 years and over	875	430	450	23.9	24.0	24.0	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	19.3	18.3	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	155	65	85	...	...	...	439,850	223,055	216,795	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	40	15	20	...	...	...	61,665	31,610	30,060	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	10	5	5	...	...	...	19,815	10,190	9,630	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	90	45	45	...	...	...	313,970	167,015	146,955	...	...	...
65 years and over	30	5	20	...	...	...	64,210	24,430	39,780	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.2	3.8	4.6	4.2	3.8	4.6	5.3	5.4	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	5.6	5.0	6.4	5.6	5.0	6.4	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	7.0	x	8.0	7.0	x	8.0	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	6.2	6.6	5.8	6.2	6.6	5.8
65 years and over (%)	3.2	2.0	4.4	3.2	2.0	4.4	4.0	3.3	4.7	4.0	3.3	4.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	3,660	1,790	1,870	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	885	410	475	24.2	22.9	25.4	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	56.2	55.0	57.3
In bottom decile	200	85	110	5.5	4.7	5.9	851,840	407,705	444,140	10.3	9.9	10.6
In second decile	160	75	85	4.4	4.2	4.5	920,490	434,730	485,760	11.1	10.5	11.6
In third decile	145	65	80	4.0	3.6	4.3	969,255	471,650	497,600	11.7	11.4	11.9
In fourth decile	185	90	100	5.1	5.0	5.3	978,345	482,760	495,590	11.8	11.7	11.9
In fifth decile	195	90	105	5.3	5.0	5.6	947,090	473,285	473,810	11.4	11.5	11.3
In top half of the distribution	2,775	1,380	1,395	75.8	77.1	74.6	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	43.8	45.0	42.7
In sixth decile	375	180	200	10.2	10.1	10.7	899,660	454,970	444,690	10.8	11.0	10.6
In seventh decile	340	175	170	9.3	9.8	9.1	837,225	425,400	411,830	10.1	10.3	9.8
In eighth decile	365	170	195	10.0	9.5	10.4	752,410	383,450	368,955	9.1	9.3	8.8
In ninth decile	500	260	240	13.7	14.5	12.8	634,425	325,700	308,730	7.6	7.9	7.4
In top decile	1,190	595	590	32.5	33.2	31.6	517,725	267,160	250,565	6.2	6.5	6.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	3,660	...	...	3,660	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	8,308,480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.440	...	...	0.440	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.328	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.498	...	...	0.498	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.456	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.369	...	...	0.369	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	3,765	1,820	1,950	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	890	410	480	23.6	22.5	24.6	445,575	228,840	216,735	5.3	5.5	5.1
French only	60	30	30	1.6	1.6	1.5	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	47.3	44.8	49.9
English and French	2,790	1,370	1,420	74.1	75.3	72.8	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	46.4	48.9	43.9
Neither English nor French	35	10	25	0.9	0.5	1.3	82,075	35,200	46,875	1.0	0.8	1.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	3,765	1,820	1,950	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,695	1,315	1,375	71.6	72.3	70.5	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	13.0	13.2	12.7
French	825	390	435	21.9	21.4	22.3	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	82.2	82.0	82.4
English and French	220	105	115	5.8	5.8	5.9	329,515	169,050	160,465	3.9	4.1	3.8
Neither English nor French	30	10	25	0.8	0.5	1.3	79,000	33,590	45,410	0.9	0.8	1.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	3,765	1,820	1,950	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	3,495	1,675	1,820	92.8	92.0	93.3	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	96.3	96.3	96.4
Official languages	2,670	1,280	1,380	70.9	70.3	70.8	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	82.4	82.6	82.3
English	1,930	940	990	51.3	51.6	50.8	639,365	323,170	316,195	7.6	7.8	7.5
French	740	345	395	19.7	19.0	20.3	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	74.8	74.8	74.9
Non-official languages	825	395	435	21.9	21.7	22.3	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	13.9	13.7	14.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,820	20,480	21,345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,925	14,200	14,730	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,870	13,715	14,160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,490	2,825	2,665	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,905	7,410	7,495	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	290	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,235	1,565	1,670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,870	5,435	5,435	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,870	3,180	3,695	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	610	300	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	75	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	75	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	410	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	820	385	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,775	6,220	6,550	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,770	6,220	6,550	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	825	395	435	21.9	21.7	22.3	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	13.4	13.2	13.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	1.1	1.1	1.0	233,220	122,895	110,320	2.8	3.0	2.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,990	13,860	12,130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,735	12,570	11,165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,975	1,130	840	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	160	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	510	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	235	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	280	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	170	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	620	705	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,275	595	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	20	20	1.1	1.1	1.0	204,600	107,735	96,865	2.4	2.6	2.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	345	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	20	20	1.1	1.1	1.0	198,785	104,765	94,020	2.4	2.5	2.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	250	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	150	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,680	1,930	1,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	810	415	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.3	37,425	17,185	20,240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,730	3,975	4,755	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	28,630	13,180	15,450	0.3	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5	0.1	0.3	0.3	25,580	10,200	15,375	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	55	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	175	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,050	370	685	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	205	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,125	855	1,275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	730	255	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,810	870	940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,180	545	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	325	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	95	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	5	0.1	0.3	0.3	17,710	7,005	10,705	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	185	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	62,640	28,375	34,265	0.7	0.7	0.8
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	46,475	20,690	25,785	0.6	0.5	0.6
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,115	1,555	1,555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	240	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,980	5,620	6,360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	255	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,350	9,425	8,925	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	215	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,800	945	850	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,235	7,030	7,205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,895	1,215	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	605	290	315	16.1	15.9	16.2	595,790	290,670	305,115	7.1	7.0	7.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,310	1,660	1,650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.3	16,890	8,225	8,670	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	125	50	75	3.3	2.7	3.8	68,295	30,855	37,435	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.3	0.3	0.3	725	285	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	100	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.3	0.3	0.3	490	185	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	120	45	70	3.2	2.5	3.6	67,565	30,570	36,995	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.5	6,735	3,240	3,495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.3	1,345	625	725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	10	20	0.8	0.5	1.0	12,495	5,380	7,120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	40	20	20	1.1	1.1	1.0	31,700	14,115	17,590	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5	0.4	0.3	0.3	8,415	4,180	4,235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,065	1,040	1,030	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,380	1,155	1,225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	3,720	1,865	1,855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	120	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.3	0.3	0.3	855	380	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	265	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.5	5,065	2,220	2,845	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	80	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	190	95	95	5.0	5.2	4.9	25,580	12,440	13,140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	160	75	85	4.2	4.1	4.4	21,145	10,240	10,910	0.3	0.2	0.3
German	150	70	75	4.0	3.8	3.8	11,055	5,090	5,970	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	5	0.3	0.5	0.3	1,110	565	540	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,980	4,585	4,395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	5	0.4	0.3	0.3	3,175	1,580	1,590	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	10	0.4	0.3	0.5	2,590	1,305	1,285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	185	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,140	560	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.1	0.3	0.0	360	175	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.1	0.3	0.0	190	100	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.3	530	260	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	25	15	0.9	1.4	0.8	34,080	16,735	17,345	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	65	40	30	1.7	2.2	1.5	101,450	52,780	48,665	1.2	1.3	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	10	0.7	0.8	0.5	63,025	33,465	29,555	0.7	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,140	6,220	5,920	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,070	3,655	3,415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	5	5	0	0.1	0.3	0.0	5,445	3,080	2,360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	285	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,105	560	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	0	0.3	0.3	0.0	23,825	12,975	10,855	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	375	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	11,320	5,860	5,465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	150	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	25	15	1.1	1.4	0.8	38,400	19,305	19,090	0.5	0.5	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,120	630	485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,490	810	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	25	15	1.1	1.4	0.8	35,615	17,770	17,850	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,665	5,370	5,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	40	25	20	1.1	1.4	1.0	22,130	10,990	11,140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,820	1,410	1,410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	185	85	105	4.9	4.7	5.4	346,000	167,870	178,130	4.1	4.0	4.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	165	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	75	40	40	2.0	2.2	2.1	90,940	44,080	46,865	1.1	1.1	1.1
Portuguese	10	0	5	0.3	0.0	0.3	41,545	19,890	21,650	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	30	15	15	0.8	0.8	0.8	35,810	17,115	18,695	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	65	25	40	1.7	1.4	2.1	177,155	86,490	90,660	2.1	2.1	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	125	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.3	2,760	795	1,965	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	10	0.3	0.3	0.5	6,670	2,860	3,815	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	90	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,495	16,630	16,865	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	985	490	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,490	795	700	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	995	535	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,665	1,380	1,285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	85	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,420	1,530	1,895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,975	1,340	1,635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	205	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,585	2,165	2,415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	175	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,975	1,935	2,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	910	435	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,940	2,100	1,840	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	875	470	410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,105	2,630	2,475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,010	535	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	845	450	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,280	680	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	930	485	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	130	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	55	60	3.1	3.0	3.1	87,540	40,170	47,375	1.0	1.0	1.1
Chinese languages	115	55	60	3.1	3.0	3.1	87,155	39,990	47,160	1.0	1.0	1.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	200	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	45	55	2.8	2.5	2.8	57,445	26,210	31,235	0.7	0.6	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,670	1,180	1,485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	790	365	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.4	0.3	0.3	24,235	11,275	12,965	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,425	710	715	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	140	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	25	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,855	2,040	2,820	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,815	1,805	2,010	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	220	795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.4	0.5	0.3	9,230	4,775	4,455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	250	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.4	0.5	0.3	8,220	4,240	3,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0.7	0.5	0.8	5,335	2,465	2,865	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	60	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	120	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.5	4,865	2,290	2,575	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	95	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	270	140	130	7.2	7.7	6.7	308,550	155,455	153,095	3.7	3.7	3.6
English and French	140	75	65	3.7	4.1	3.3	126,405	64,585	61,820	1.5	1.6	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	35	1.9	1.9	1.8	49,485	24,660	24,825	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	0.5	0.8	0.3	94,205	46,880	47,320	1.1	1.1	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.7	0.5	0.5	28,685	14,700	13,985	0.3	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	10	0.3	0.3	0.5	9,765	4,625	5,140	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	3,765	1,820	1,950	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,100	1,010	1,090	55.8	55.5	55.9	623,305	313,780	309,520	7.4	7.5	7.3
French	430	205	225	11.4	11.3	11.5	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	71.8	71.6	71.9
Non-official language	175	80	90	4.6	4.4	4.6	366,730	177,410	189,315	4.4	4.3	4.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,080	11,585	11,495	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-Indigenous	175	80	90	4.6	4.4	4.6	343,650	165,830	177,825	4.1	4.0	4.2
English and French	505	255	250	13.4	14.0	12.8	497,380	256,735	240,645	5.9	6.2	5.7
English and non-official language(s)	340	155	180	9.0	8.5	9.2	205,755	102,290	103,470	2.4	2.5	2.4
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	0.5	0.8	0.3	375,795	179,585	196,210	4.5	4.3	4.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	185	95	90	4.9	5.2	4.6	284,940	141,275	143,665	3.4	3.4	3.4
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5	0.3	0.0	0.3	20,125	9,545	10,585	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	3,765	1,820	1,950	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	3,535	1,705	1,825	93.9	93.7	93.6	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	95.8	95.8	95.7
Official languages	3,185	1,540	1,645	84.6	84.6	84.4	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	87.9	88.0	87.7
English	2,625	1,285	1,345	69.7	70.6	69.0	874,185	438,570	435,615	10.4	10.5	10.3
French	560	260	300	14.9	14.3	15.4	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	77.5	77.5	77.5
Non-official languages	350	165	185	9.3	9.1	9.5	662,615	322,860	339,750	7.9	7.8	8.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	34,245	17,040	17,200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,430	11,165	11,265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,115	11,025	11,090	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,330	2,275	2,055	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,895	5,960	5,935	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	295	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,495	1,205	1,290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,680	4,370	4,310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,400	2,540	2,860	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	255	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	110	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	100	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,755	5,840	5,910	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,750	5,840	5,910	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	350	165	185	9.3	9.1	9.5	628,365	305,820	322,555	7.5	7.3	7.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0	5	0.4	0.0	0.3	116,685	59,645	57,040	1.4	1.4	1.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,635	5,585	5,045	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,765	5,115	4,655	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	365	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	110	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	165	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	115	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	280	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	265	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	0	5	0.4	0.0	0.3	104,890	53,505	51,380	1.2	1.3	1.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	155	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	0	5	0.4	0.0	0.3	102,120	52,125	49,990	1.2	1.3	1.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	185	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	105	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,515	760	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	250	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,500	11,410	13,090	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,875	2,200	2,670	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,595	9,185	10,405	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,845	6,335	7,515	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	100	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	240	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	135	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,175	510	665	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	115	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	610	325	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	165	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	160	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,260	4,690	5,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,985	11,815	15,170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,535	8,310	11,230	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,590	765	825	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,390	2,520	2,865	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	110	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,800	6,935	6,865	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	105	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,225	645	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,215	5,465	5,755	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,140	700	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	225	110	120	6.0	6.0	6.2	336,635	164,100	172,535	4.0	3.9	4.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,910	945	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,325	5,870	6,455	0.1	0.1	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	60	25	30	1.6	1.4	1.5	39,725	18,855	20,870	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	60	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	25	30	1.5	1.4	1.5	39,575	18,795	20,775	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.3	0.3	0.3	4,535	2,230	2,305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	180	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.3	0.3	0.3	4,795	2,110	2,685	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	20	5	15	0.5	0.3	0.8	22,770	10,815	11,960	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,205	2,085	2,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,075	530	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	445	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,090	1,060	1,030	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5	200	85	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.1	0.3	0.0	2,375	1,135	1,240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	35	35	1.9	1.9	1.8	10,320	5,250	5,075	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	30	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	30	35	1.7	1.6	1.8	9,600	4,930	4,675	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	60	30	25	1.6	1.6	1.3	1,685	805	880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.1	0.3	0.3	235	125	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,680	4,000	3,675	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	420	200	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	145	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.1	0.3	0.3	15,235	7,015	8,220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.8	0.8	0.8	74,455	38,045	36,410	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	0.3	0.3	0.3	46,420	24,225	22,195	0.6	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,760	4,360	4,405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,630	2,360	2,270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,525	1,915	1,615	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	135	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	880	445	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0	19,290	10,435	8,855	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	225	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,250	4,160	4,090	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	80	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.5	28,020	13,810	14,210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	325	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,110	590	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.5	26,205	12,850	13,355	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,595	3,780	3,815	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	15	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.5	16,660	8,135	8,530	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,950	940	1,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	25	35	1.7	1.4	1.8	182,585	88,060	94,525	2.2	2.1	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	10	0.1	0.3	0.5	26,290	11,205	15,085	0.3	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,885	9,965	10,920	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	15	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.5	22,255	10,895	11,355	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	40	20	20	1.1	1.1	1.0	112,915	55,870	57,050	1.3	1.3	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,155	455	700	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,760	2,135	2,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,160	4,895	5,265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	235	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	195	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	115	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	850	445	410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	965	415	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	930	410	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,655	775	875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	75	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,665	810	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	100	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,470	795	675	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	115	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	320	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	195	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	180	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,235	1,285	945	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	165	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,385	775	615	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	345	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	50	50	2.7	2.7	2.6	67,120	31,725	35,390	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese languages	100	50	50	2.7	2.7	2.6	66,880	31,610	35,275	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	45	45	2.5	2.5	2.3	46,925	22,275	24,650	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,510	680	835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	260	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.3	16,860	7,870	8,985	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	870	445	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,325	1,095	1,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,060	995	1,065	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	95	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,005	3,005	3,000	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	95	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,540	2,780	2,765	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	65	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.3	0.0	1,505	670	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.1	0.3	0.0	1,445	645	805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	230	110	120	6.1	6.0	6.2	357,245	176,070	181,175	4.2	4.2	4.3
English and French	115	50	60	3.1	2.7	3.1	137,120	69,025	68,095	1.6	1.7	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	2.4	2.5	2.3	60,495	29,540	30,950	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.3	0.5	0.3	116,595	56,445	60,150	1.4	1.4	1.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.4	0.3	0.5	39,875	19,575	20,300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,160	1,485	1,675	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	3,765	1,820	1,950	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	2,895	1,385	1,510	76.9	76.1	77.4	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	86.9	86.8	87.0
English	215	95	120	5.7	5.2	6.2	353,690	183,470	170,225	4.2	4.4	4.0
French	315	175	140	8.4	9.6	7.2	259,425	127,380	132,040	3.1	3.1	3.1
Non-official language	170	75	95	4.5	4.1	4.9	269,715	129,830	139,890	3.2	3.1	3.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,315	2,495	2,820	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	170	75	95	4.5	4.1	4.9	264,405	127,330	137,070	3.1	3.1	3.2
English and French	35	15	20	0.9	0.8	1.0	61,955	31,425	30,525	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.8	0.8	0.8	76,755	38,765	37,990	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	75	45	35	2.0	2.5	1.8	55,860	26,915	28,945	0.7	0.6	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,295	3,700	3,595	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.4	0.3	0.5	19,290	9,695	9,595	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	3,660	1,790	1,870	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	3,635	1,775	1,865	99.3	99.2	99.7	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	99.0	99.2	98.9
English	3,585	1,740	1,845	98.0	97.2	98.7	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	52.0	54.6	49.3
French	2,820	1,400	1,415	77.0	78.2	75.7	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	93.7	93.7	93.8
Non-official languages	1,340	635	695	36.6	35.5	37.2	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	22.3	21.8	22.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50,165	24,530	25,640	0.6	0.6	0.6
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,985	17,600	18,380	0.4	0.4	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,860	16,570	17,290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,770	3,435	3,330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,930	8,910	9,020	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	425	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,230	2,040	2,195	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	120	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,650	6,365	6,285	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,710	3,990	4,720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	495	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	210	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	205	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,945	900	1,045	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,750	800	955	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	110	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,900	6,750	7,150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,880	6,740	7,140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	125	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	110	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,340	635	695	36.6	35.5	37.2	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	21.7	21.2	22.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	40	45	2.2	2.2	2.4	385,210	201,105	184,100	4.6	4.9	4.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,965	21,145	18,820	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,660	18,725	16,930	0.4	0.5	0.4
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,840	2,160	1,680	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	545	455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,900	1,550	1,350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,250	725	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,650	825	825	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,150	580	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,145	990	1,160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,025	925	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	80	40	45	2.2	2.2	2.4	363,875	190,005	173,870	4.4	4.6	4.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,225	605	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	35	35	1.8	2.0	1.9	343,675	179,750	163,930	4.1	4.4	3.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	935	460	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	110	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	660	310	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5	19,210	9,935	9,275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,010	490	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	90	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	49,720	23,320	26,405	0.6	0.6	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,785	5,930	6,855	0.2	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	37,655	17,735	19,920	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5	40,880	16,660	24,225	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	150	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	285	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,940	625	1,315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,215	470	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,845	1,565	2,280	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,510	625	885	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,265	1,670	1,595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,215	1,140	1,075	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,085	570	515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	595	275	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	195	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0	33,810	13,330	20,480	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	100	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	655	990	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135,275	62,040	73,235	1.6	1.5	1.8
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	118,010	53,530	64,480	1.4	1.3	1.5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	165	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,810	3,480	3,330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,070	570	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,995	8,440	9,560	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,010	1,380	1,630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,390	13,070	12,320	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	530	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,530	1,325	1,200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,050	9,955	10,100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,260	2,055	1,205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	110	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,090	515	575	29.8	28.8	30.7	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	12.2	11.9	12.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,545	2,315	2,230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	15	10	10	0.4	0.6	0.5	22,100	10,785	11,310	0.3	0.3	0.3
Balto-Slavic languages	165	65	105	4.5	3.6	5.6	95,385	45,060	50,330	1.1	1.1	1.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,105	465	635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	180	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	660	290	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	165	65	105	4.5	3.6	5.6	94,580	44,695	49,885	1.1	1.1	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	185	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0	8,110	3,950	4,165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.8	2,165	1,040	1,120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	205	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	15	30	1.2	0.8	1.6	16,790	7,555	9,235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	55	25	25	1.5	1.4	1.3	55,485	26,345	29,135	0.7	0.6	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	20	1.1	1.4	1.1	11,145	5,505	5,635	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,060	1,520	1,540	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5	4,710	2,300	2,405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	25	15	1.0	1.4	0.8	5,285	2,560	2,725	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	175	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5	1,380	630	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	810	340	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.8	10,185	4,575	5,605	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	375	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	180	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	85	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	355	170	190	9.7	9.5	10.2	65,625	33,305	32,320	0.8	0.8	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	325	150	170	8.9	8.4	9.1	57,640	29,540	28,105	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	325	150	170	8.9	8.4	9.1	44,170	22,715	21,450	0.5	0.6	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,615	785	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,825	6,540	6,290	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5	6,410	3,140	3,265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	295	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5	5,170	2,565	2,600	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	340	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	15	10	0.5	0.8	0.5	3,335	1,630	1,705	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	395	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0	735	375	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,905	980	920	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	115	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	35	35	2.0	2.0	1.9	50,375	24,835	25,540	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Iranian languages	100	55	40	2.7	3.1	2.1	136,020	71,180	64,840	1.6	1.7	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.5	90,745	48,355	42,395	1.1	1.2	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,170	8,320	7,850	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,640	5,590	5,050	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0	35,765	19,145	16,620	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	155	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	130	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,160	620	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,375	740	635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	34,290	18,580	15,710	0.4	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	110	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	115	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,610	860	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,180	11,325	9,850	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	445	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	80	45	30	2.2	2.5	1.6	48,105	24,410	23,695	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,805	1,045	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	80	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,210	1,235	975	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	45	30	2.2	2.5	1.6	44,745	22,585	22,160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,235	6,845	6,390	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	80	45	30	2.2	2.5	1.6	27,430	13,785	13,645	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,595	2,255	2,340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	180	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	100	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	515	215	295	14.1	12.0	15.8	684,830	324,095	360,735	8.2	7.9	8.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,250	725	530	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	210	95	115	5.7	5.3	6.1	168,040	82,400	85,645	2.0	2.0	2.0
Portuguese	40	10	20	1.1	0.6	1.1	65,605	33,005	32,600	0.8	0.8	0.8
Romanian	20	10	15	0.5	0.6	0.8	44,510	21,425	23,090	0.5	0.5	0.6
Spanish	295	120	175	8.1	6.7	9.4	453,905	210,400	243,505	5.5	5.1	5.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,105	670	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	150	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,305	4,485	4,820	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5	9,265	3,920	5,350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	125	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5	75,835	37,990	37,845	0.9	0.9	0.9
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,385	1,270	1,115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,525	1,810	1,720	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	190	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,365	1,285	1,080	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,820	2,995	2,825	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	225	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	135	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	25	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	745	435	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,740	2,675	3,065	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,985	7,255	7,730	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,205	600	605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,615	810	805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,310	3,490	3,825	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	190	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	570	375	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,270	6,225	6,040	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,195	1,100	1,095	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,930	5,325	4,595	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,100	1,610	1,490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,915	9,215	8,695	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,865	905	960	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,845	895	950	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	995	555	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,070	3,485	4,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,310	575	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,740	2,340	3,400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,555	830	725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	75	55	3.6	4.2	2.9	107,415	49,840	57,575	1.3	1.2	1.4
Chinese languages	130	75	55	3.6	4.2	2.9	106,915	49,630	57,285	1.3	1.2	1.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	810	370	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	115	65	50	3.1	3.6	2.7	80,520	37,100	43,420	1.0	0.9	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,310	1,855	2,455	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,255	565	685	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15	1.0	1.1	0.8	34,030	15,430	18,600	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,500	785	715	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	125	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	190	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	30	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	100	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,330	3,170	4,160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,485	2,595	2,885	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,720	920	1,800	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,795	8,940	8,850	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	995	570	425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,195	8,135	8,065	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	155	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	155	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	165	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.8	7,595	3,485	4,115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	90	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	250	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5	6,850	3,145	3,705	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	430	405	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	3,660	1,785	1,870	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	35	20	15	1.0	1.1	0.8	205,010	101,150	103,865	2.5	2.5	2.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	30	20	15	0.8	1.1	0.8	193,365	95,320	98,045	2.3	2.3	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	30	20	15	0.8	1.1	0.8	116,550	56,080	60,475	1.4	1.4	1.4
Métis	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	61,010	31,620	29,390	0.7	0.8	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,800	7,620	8,175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,135	1,575	1,560	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,515	4,245	4,265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	3,625	1,765	1,860	99.0	98.9	99.5	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	97.5	97.5	97.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	3,660	1,785	1,870	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	76,775	37,825	38,945	0.9	0.9	0.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	3,660	1,785	1,870	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	99.1	99.1	99.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	1,325	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	1,270	...	...	95.8	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	59.9	...	...
Renter	55	...	...	4.2	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	39.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	1,325	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	45	...	...	3.4	...	...	515,590	...	...	13.8	...	...
Not condominium	1,285	...	...	97.0	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	86.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	1,325	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	32,020	...	...	0.9	...	...
1 bedroom	15	...	...	1.1	...	...	623,295	...	...	16.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	50	...	...	3.8	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	31.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	380	...	...	28.7	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	31.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	880	...	...	66.4	...	...	730,330	...	...	19.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	1,325	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	40	...	...	3.0	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	36.8	...	...
5 rooms	50	...	...	3.8	...	...	645,635	...	...	17.2	...	...
6 rooms	80	...	...	6.0	...	...	435,225	...	...	11.6	...	...
7 rooms	180	...	...	13.6	...	...	403,225	...	...	10.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	970	...	...	73.2	...	...	886,180	...	...	23.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	1,325	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,325	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	48,315	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	1,325	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	1,310	...	...	98.9	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	96.2	...	...
Not suitable	15	...	...	1.1	...	...	142,775	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	1,325	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	660	...	...	49.8	...	...	879,375	...	...	23.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	315	...	...	23.8	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	29.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	175	...	...	13.2	...	...	509,120	...	...	13.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	90	...	...	6.8	...	...	385,315	...	...	10.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	15	...	...	1.1	...	...	198,595	...	...	5.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	231,930	...	...	6.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	10	...	...	0.8	...	...	212,290	...	...	5.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	50	...	...	3.8	...	...	217,715	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	1,325	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	1,245	...	...	94.0	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	93.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	80	...	...	6.0	...	...	236,110	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	1,325	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	615	...	...	46.4	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	56.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	690	...	...	52.1	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	41.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	25	...	...	1.9	...	...	89,875	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	1,325	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	117,525	...	...	3.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	45	...	...	3.4	...	...	525,540	...	...	14.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	170	...	...	12.8	...	...	647,165	...	...	17.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	250	...	...	18.9	...	...	628,630	...	...	16.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	345	...	...	26.0	...	...	760,395	...	...	20.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	255	...	...	19.2	...	...	629,965	...	...	16.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	185	...	...	14.0	...	...	336,170	...	...	9.0	...	...
85 years and over	70	...	...	5.3	...	...	103,640	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	1,320	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,175	...	...	89.0	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	83.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	150	...	...	11.4	...	...	595,690	...	...	16.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	135	...	...	10.2	...	...	542,060	...	...	14.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	1,325	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	230	...	...	17.4	...	...	901,440	...	...	24.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	140	...	...	10.6	...	...	537,090	...	...	14.3	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	1.1	...	...	112,775	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	70	...	...	5.3	...	...	179,840	...	...	4.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	15,470	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.8	...	...	41,740	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	13,135	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	1,395	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	1,095	...	...	82.6	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	76.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	1,305	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	35	...	...	2.7	...	...	218,275	...	...	6.0	...	...
Not in core need	1,270	...	...	97.3	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	94.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,270	...	...	...	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	47.6	...	...	47.6	...	...	62.2	...	...	62.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.7	...	...	10.7	...	...	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,220	...	...	1,220	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,664	...	...	1,664	...	...	1,195	...	...	1,195	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	850,000	...	...	850,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	980,000	...	...	980,000	...	...	376,800	...	...	376,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	60	...	...	...	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	25.2	...	...	25.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	11.9	...	...	11.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,160	...	...	2,160	...	...	810	...	...	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,300	...	...	2,300	...	...	886	...	...	886	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...	6,425	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	440	...	...	440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	449	...	...	449	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	3,660	1,790	1,875	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	177,300	86,310	90,990	2.1	2.1	2.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	174,610	85,025	89,585	2.1	2.1	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140,690	68,395	72,300	1.7	1.7	1.7
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,510	10,205	10,310	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,410	6,425	6,980	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,685	1,280	1,400	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,830	865	965	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	365	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	50	20	30	1.4	1.1	1.6	203,425	96,595	106,830	2.4	2.3	2.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	50	20	30	1.4	1.1	1.6	200,985	95,520	105,460	2.4	2.3	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	20	15	1.0	1.1	0.8	177,925	84,210	93,720	2.1	2.0	2.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.8	19,935	9,910	10,020	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,120	1,405	1,720	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,435	1,070	1,370	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,800	775	1,025	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	240	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	3,610	1,765	1,840	98.6	98.6	98.1	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	95.4	95.6	95.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	3,660	1,790	1,875	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	3,395	1,685	1,710	92.8	94.1	91.2	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	93.8	93.6	93.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	665	345	320	18.2	19.3	17.1	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	18.9	19.5	18.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,735	1,345	1,390	74.7	75.1	74.1	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	74.9	74.1	75.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	260	105	160	7.1	5.9	8.5	518,265	264,490	253,775	6.2	6.4	6.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	3,660	1,790	1,875	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	2,585	1,270	1,315	70.6	70.9	70.1	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	83.0	83.0	82.9
Immigrants⁸¹	990	480	510	27.0	26.8	27.2	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	14.6	14.3	14.9
Before 1980	325	165	155	8.9	9.2	8.3	187,200	91,895	95,300	2.3	2.2	2.3
1980 to 1990	155	85	65	4.2	4.7	3.5	124,610	61,850	62,755	1.5	1.5	1.5
1991 to 2000	145	60	90	4.0	3.4	4.8	190,495	91,635	98,860	2.3	2.2	2.4
2001 to 2010	230	105	120	6.3	5.9	6.4	312,210	150,825	161,390	3.8	3.7	3.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	140	65	80	3.8	3.6	4.3	396,090	192,745	203,340	4.8	4.7	4.9
2011 to 2015	50	25	25	1.4	1.4	1.3	193,345	93,485	99,855	2.3	2.3	2.4
2016 to 2021	90	35	50	2.5	2.0	2.7	202,740	99,260	103,480	2.4	2.4	2.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	90	35	50	2.5	2.0	2.7	205,770	113,500	92,275	2.5	2.8	2.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	985	480	510	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	105	60	45	10.7	12.5	8.8	112,295	56,755	55,540	9.3	9.6	8.9
5 to 14 years	165	75	85	16.8	15.6	16.7	201,385	101,555	99,835	16.6	17.2	16.1
15 to 24 years	160	80	80	16.2	16.7	15.7	213,035	96,175	116,860	17.6	16.3	18.8
25 to 44 years	435	210	220	44.2	43.8	43.1	594,845	292,975	301,875	49.1	49.7	48.6
45 years and over	130	55	75	13.2	11.5	14.7	89,045	41,505	47,540	7.4	7.0	7.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	985	480	510	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	150	65	85	15.2	13.5	16.7	264,885	121,740	143,145	21.9	20.7	23.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,705	4,520	5,180	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	29,670	13,540	16,125	2.5	2.3	2.6
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,515	5,780	5,730	1.0	1.0	0.9
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,350	1,090	1,260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	86,105	38,285	47,820	7.1	6.5	7.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,485	1,900	2,590	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mexico	30	20	10	3.0	4.2	2.0	17,390	7,935	9,455	1.4	1.3	1.5
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,885	6,295	7,595	1.1	1.1	1.2
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,820	1,660	2,160	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	65	25	40	6.6	5.2	7.8	24,945	12,195	12,745	2.1	2.1	2.1
Other places of birth in Americas	30	10	20	3.0	2.1	3.9	61,020	28,545	32,480	5.0	4.8	5.2
Europe	540	250	290	54.8	52.1	56.9	309,015	154,110	154,910	25.5	26.2	24.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,015	1,995	2,025	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,015	1,050	960	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	105	50	50	10.7	10.4	9.8	93,160	49,870	43,290	7.7	8.5	7.0
Germany	95	30	65	9.6	6.3	12.7	8,385	4,095	4,295	0.7	0.7	0.7
Greece	30	20	15	3.0	4.2	2.9	16,130	7,790	8,340	1.3	1.3	1.3
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,930	1,455	1,475	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italy	25	15	10	2.5	3.1	2.0	43,975	21,940	22,040	3.6	3.7	3.5
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,655	870	785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.0	9,670	4,120	5,555	0.8	0.7	0.9
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,000	8,190	8,805	1.4	1.4	1.4
Romania	25	10	10	2.5	2.1	2.0	27,515	12,990	14,530	2.3	2.2	2.3
Russian Federation	15	10	0	1.5	2.1	0.0	11,690	4,865	6,825	1.0	0.8	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	15	15	0	1.5	3.1	0.0	1,610	760	850	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	20	0	10	2.0	0.0	2.0	9,660	4,310	5,350	0.8	0.7	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	110	60	50	11.2	12.5	9.8	12,290	6,575	5,715	1.0	1.1	0.9
Other places of birth in Europe	80	25	55	8.1	5.2	10.8	47,310	23,240	24,075	3.9	3.9	3.9
Africa	70	25	45	7.1	5.2	8.8	302,010	153,655	148,355	24.9	26.1	23.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	72,835	37,535	35,295	6.0	6.4	5.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,595	7,460	8,140	1.3	1.3	1.3
Egypt	20	10	15	2.0	2.1	2.9	20,325	10,520	9,805	1.7	1.8	1.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	305	300	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,045	485	565	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	20	0	15	2.0	0.0	2.9	68,865	34,810	34,060	5.7	5.9	5.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,210	1,185	1,025	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	675	330	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	575	450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	15	2.5	2.1	2.9	118,820	60,455	58,360	9.8	10.3	9.4
Asia	210	125	85	21.3	26.0	16.7	332,925	158,445	174,475	27.5	26.9	28.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,545	4,825	4,725	0.8	0.8	0.8
Iran⁸⁸	55	35	15	5.6	7.3	2.9	20,235	10,020	10,215	1.7	1.7	1.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,085	2,110	1,980	0.3	0.4	0.3
Lebanon	10	10	0	1.0	2.1	0.0	42,280	22,610	19,670	3.5	3.8	3.2
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,845	13,675	13,170	2.2	2.3	2.1
Turkey	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0	7,450	3,850	3,605	0.6	0.7	0.6
China⁹⁰	70	35	35	7.1	7.3	6.9	52,500	23,010	29,490	4.3	3.9	4.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	1.0	2.1	0.0	4,900	2,385	2,520	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,180	2,275	2,905	0.4	0.4	0.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,500	1,015	1,485	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	2.0	31,350	11,835	19,515	2.6	2.0	3.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,485	11,580	13,900	2.1	2.0	2.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,965	4,510	4,455	0.7	0.8	0.7
India	15	10	0	1.5	2.1	0.0	24,990	12,770	12,225	2.1	2.2	2.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,250	5,970	5,285	0.9	1.0	0.9
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,910	5,350	5,560	0.9	0.9	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	0	1.0	2.1	0.0	44,455	20,665	23,790	3.7	3.5	3.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	10	10	2.0	2.1	2.0	1,765	1,010	750	0.1	0.2	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	90	35	55	100.0	100.0	100.0	202,740	99,265	103,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	10	0	10	11.1	0.0	18.2	30,910	14,985	15,920	15.2	15.1	15.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,575	1,170	1,410	1.3	1.2	1.4
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,295	1,985	2,315	2.1	2.0	2.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,600	4,210	4,395	4.2	4.2	4.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	130	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,520	1,240	1,280	1.2	1.2	1.2
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,140	2,170	1,975	2.0	2.2	1.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,690	670	1,020	0.8	0.7	1.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,860	3,420	3,440	3.4	3.4	3.3
Europe	35	15	20	38.9	42.9	36.4	33,705	17,520	16,185	16.6	17.6	15.6
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,980	11,325	9,655	10.3	11.4	9.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	295	240	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	85	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	700	420	285	0.3	0.4	0.3
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,365	515	850	0.7	0.5	0.8
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,660	720	940	0.8	0.7	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	975	615	360	0.5	0.6	0.3
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,395	3,550	3,845	3.6	3.6	3.7
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70,310	34,215	36,095	34.7	34.5	34.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,975	6,730	7,245	6.9	6.8	7.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,290	1,170	1,120	1.1	1.2	1.1
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,830	4,180	4,650	4.4	4.2	4.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,055	1,875	2,180	2.0	1.9	2.1
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,305	3,055	3,255	3.1	3.1	3.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,385	1,255	1,135	1.2	1.3	1.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	160	135	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,515	4,435	5,080	4.7	4.5	4.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	995	525	470	0.5	0.5	0.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,640	3,375	3,260	3.3	3.4	3.2
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,505	7,175	7,330	7.2	7.2	7.1
Asia	35	20	15	38.9	57.1	27.3	67,305	32,185	35,120	33.2	32.4	33.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,515	1,250	1,265	1.2	1.3	1.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,190	565	625	0.6	0.6	0.6
China⁹⁰	25	10	15	27.8	28.6	27.3	10,735	4,680	6,055	5.3	4.7	5.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,460	4,430	4,030	4.2	4.5	3.9
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	11.1	28.6	0.0	4,135	1,895	2,235	2.0	1.9	2.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	715	385	325	0.4	0.4	0.3
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	205	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	75	250	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	285	275	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,355	585	775	0.7	0.6	0.7
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,620	1,925	1,700	1.8	1.9	1.6
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	140	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,160	1,135	1,025	1.1	1.1	1.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,480	3,560	4,920	4.2	3.6	4.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,390	790	600	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	710	320	385	0.4	0.3	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,390	6,960	6,425	6.6	7.0	6.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	800	450	355	0.4	0.5	0.3
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	975	510	470	0.5	0.5	0.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,620	605	1,010	0.8	0.6	1.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,390	1,355	2,035	1.7	1.4	2.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	355	160	0.3	0.4	0.2
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	195	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	160	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	3,660	1,790	1,870	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,160	550	610	31.7	30.7	32.6	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	17.7	17.6	17.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,015	510	505	27.7	28.5	27.0	883,485	446,000	437,490	10.6	10.8	10.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	1,490	735	755	40.7	41.1	40.4	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	71.7	71.5	71.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	665	310	350	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	445	240	205	66.9	77.4	58.6	559,935	290,040	269,895	54.7	58.4	51.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	230	165	65	34.6	53.2	18.6	267,870	161,125	106,740	26.2	32.4	20.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	215	75	140	32.3	24.2	40.0	292,070	128,915	163,155	28.5	25.9	31.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	175	35	135	26.3	11.3	38.6	272,255	109,735	162,515	26.6	22.1	30.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	40	25	10	6.0	8.1	2.9	175,740	89,995	85,740	17.2	18.1	16.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,470	7,290	8,185	1.5	1.5	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	665	310	350	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	10	0	1.5	3.2	0.0	89,850	47,360	42,495	8.8	9.5	8.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	135	90	45	20.3	29.0	12.9	94,185	46,445	47,740	9.2	9.3	9.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	50	20	35	7.5	6.5	10.0	25,505	13,385	12,115	2.5	2.7	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	65	25	35	9.8	8.1	10.0	48,805	27,680	21,130	4.8	5.6	4.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.9	8,935	3,495	5,440	0.9	0.7	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	395	165	225	59.4	53.2	64.3	756,120	358,700	397,420	73.9	72.2	75.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	3,660	1,785	1,870	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	525	280	245	14.3	15.7	13.1	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	16.1	16.0	16.2
South Asian	45	25	20	1.2	1.4	1.1	127,990	67,140	60,850	1.5	1.6	1.5
Chinese	160	95	65	4.4	5.3	3.5	115,240	51,375	63,865	1.4	1.2	1.5
Black	50	10	40	1.4	0.6	2.1	422,405	206,335	216,070	5.1	5.0	5.2
Filipino	20	10	15	0.5	0.6	0.8	44,885	19,300	25,580	0.5	0.5	0.6
Arab	55	30	25	1.5	1.7	1.3	280,075	146,990	133,085	3.4	3.6	3.2
Latin American	55	25	30	1.5	1.4	1.6	172,925	85,035	87,880	2.1	2.1	2.1
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70,455	33,510	36,945	0.8	0.8	0.9
West Asian	50	35	15	1.4	2.0	0.8	43,985	22,250	21,735	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	30	20	15	0.8	1.1	0.8	10,360	4,825	5,535	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	20	15	0	0.5	0.8	0.0	5,305	2,190	3,120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	15	0	0.5	0.8	0.0	12,150	6,020	6,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	34,960	17,080	17,875	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	3,135	1,510	1,625	85.7	84.6	86.9	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	83.9	84.0	83.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	3,660	1,790	1,870	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	445	235	210	12.2	13.1	11.2	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	29.0	28.7	29.3
English	495	225	270	13.5	12.6	14.4	177,710	88,910	88,800	2.1	2.2	2.1
Irish	615	285	335	16.8	15.9	17.9	404,190	193,440	210,745	4.9	4.7	5.0
Scottish	500	225	280	13.7	12.6	15.0	192,685	93,120	99,565	2.3	2.3	2.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	745	390	355	20.4	21.8	19.0	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	21.4	21.8	21.1
German	390	190	200	10.7	10.6	10.7	124,305	60,295	64,010	1.5	1.5	1.5
Chinese	170	105	65	4.6	5.9	3.5	123,985	55,730	68,255	1.5	1.4	1.6
Italian	500	240	255	13.7	13.4	13.6	316,315	157,600	158,720	3.8	3.8	3.8
Indian (India)	50	25	30	1.4	1.4	1.6	65,790	34,390	31,405	0.8	0.8	0.8
Ukrainian	50	15	35	1.4	0.8	1.9	38,685	18,590	20,095	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dutch	80	55	25	2.2	3.1	1.3	22,385	11,085	11,305	0.3	0.3	0.3
Polish	190	80	110	5.2	4.5	5.9	63,505	31,010	32,495	0.8	0.8	0.8
Québécois	55	25	30	1.5	1.4	1.6	931,940	465,630	466,305	11.2	11.3	11.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	115	45	65	3.1	2.5	3.5	38,655	19,380	19,275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Filipino	15	10	10	0.4	0.6	0.5	43,580	18,815	24,760	0.5	0.5	0.6
French Canadian	150	45	110	4.1	2.5	5.9	588,805	290,630	298,180	7.1	7.0	7.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	50	25	25	1.4	1.4	1.3	149,955	75,935	74,020	1.8	1.8	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	30	20	10	0.8	1.1	0.5	138,030	64,935	73,095	1.7	1.6	1.7
Métis	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.8	44,275	21,865	22,410	0.5	0.5	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	125	70	55	3.4	3.9	2.9	99,420	50,795	48,625	1.2	1.2	1.2
Russian	60	40	25	1.6	2.2	1.3	47,195	21,990	25,200	0.6	0.5	0.6
Norwegian	20	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.5	8,215	4,055	4,160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	35	20	10	1.0	1.1	0.5	11,260	5,450	5,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	30	10	25	0.8	0.6	1.3	64,385	32,135	32,255	0.8	0.8	0.8
American	90	50	40	2.5	2.8	2.1	46,600	22,380	24,230	0.6	0.5	0.6
Spanish	95	55	40	2.6	3.1	2.1	77,735	37,960	39,775	0.9	0.9	1.0
Swedish	25	10	20	0.7	0.6	1.1	6,965	3,270	3,700	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	45	10	35	1.2	0.6	1.9	23,360	11,410	11,950	0.3	0.3	0.3
Acadian	30	20	15	0.8	1.1	0.8	83,945	39,450	44,495	1.0	1.0	1.1
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,645	8,825	7,815	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	73,930	36,725	37,205	0.9	0.9	0.9
Jewish	30	15	20	0.8	0.8	1.1	57,320	29,015	28,305	0.7	0.7	0.7
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,765	5,040	3,725	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45,570	21,910	23,665	0.5	0.5	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	45	15	30	1.2	0.8	1.6	104,735	55,130	49,610	1.3	1.3	1.2
Greek	65	35	30	1.8	2.0	1.6	69,705	35,085	34,620	0.8	0.9	0.8
Jamaican	20	10	15	0.5	0.6	0.8	11,395	5,490	5,905	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,820	7,190	8,630	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,540	10,530	11,005	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	30	15	15	0.8	0.8	0.8	10,655	4,940	5,720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	15	20	0.8	0.8	1.1	46,765	22,775	23,995	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	35	15	20	1.0	0.8	1.1	78,210	40,740	37,470	0.9	1.0	0.9
Iranian	125	70	55	3.4	3.9	2.9	25,825	12,855	12,975	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	20	15	15	0.5	0.8	0.8	81,820	41,395	40,425	1.0	1.0	1.0
Danish	25	10	20	0.7	0.6	1.1	5,260	2,670	2,590	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,315	17,125	18,190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,175	2,765	2,415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0	11,030	5,425	5,610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	20	0	20	0.5	0.0	1.1	48,380	24,065	24,315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	156,065	73,495	82,570	1.9	1.8	2.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,930	4,805	4,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	45	15	25	1.2	0.8	1.3	34,305	16,985	17,320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	325	365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	35	15	15	1.0	0.8	0.8	22,980	11,870	11,110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,120	1,375	1,740	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,400	6,165	6,240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	20	15	10	0.5	0.8	0.5	6,790	3,425	3,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	25	10	10	0.7	0.6	0.5	7,460	3,215	4,245	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,020	1,565	1,455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,235	9,695	10,545	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.8	4,075	2,125	1,955	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,665	8,705	7,965	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	30	20	15	0.8	1.1	0.8	30,240	15,745	14,500	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,170	13,580	13,585	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,615	3,645	3,970	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,135	660	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,485	18,805	20,680	0.5	0.5	0.5
Moroccan	45	20	25	1.2	1.1	1.3	81,230	41,590	39,635	1.0	1.0	0.9
Czech	25	10	20	0.7	0.6	1.1	5,705	2,720	2,985	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	20	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.5	31,590	15,820	15,770	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,410	1,585	1,825	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,095	6,825	6,275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,505	7,040	7,465	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	30	10	20	0.8	0.6	1.1	5,355	2,655	2,700	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,120	540	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,830	935	895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,920	840	1,080	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,890	2,755	3,140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,185	4,345	3,845	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,670	2,880	2,790	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0	15,620	7,850	7,770	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,970	8,515	9,455	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,075	5,635	5,445	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65,860	33,955	31,905	0.8	0.8	0.8
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,775	7,620	8,155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,200	1,570	1,630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	10	0.7	0.6	0.5	30,720	15,190	15,530	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,070	1,995	2,075	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5	7,205	3,415	3,790	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,090	975	1,110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,605	1,655	1,950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,385	2,290	2,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,265	8,595	8,670	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,305	4,260	5,040	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,425	1,520	1,905	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,955	3,180	2,780	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,190	4,020	5,170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	29,880	14,520	15,365	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,140	1,390	1,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.5	5,455	2,460	2,995	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	20	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.5	1,045	545	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	30	20	10	0.8	1.1	0.5	1,820	885	935	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,500	3,445	3,055	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0	14,420	7,150	7,265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,070	11,855	12,220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,430	640	790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,440	740	705	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,335	3,155	3,185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0	19,055	8,900	10,155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,820	1,545	1,270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,600	8,335	9,265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,540	19,550	16,990	0.4	0.5	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,650	2,390	2,265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,095	585	510	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5	680	325	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	15	15	0.8	0.8	0.8	2,395	1,115	1,280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,000	3,690	3,310	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,900	2,340	2,560	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,340	710	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	800	400	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,715	1,835	1,880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,750	3,465	3,285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,635	3,230	3,405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0	1,620	790	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.5	9,500	4,690	4,815	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	175	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,385	1,795	1,590	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	10	15	0.7	0.6	0.8	4,840	2,455	2,390	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,255	1,640	1,610	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,310	1,205	1,110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,015	14,280	11,735	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,885	1,425	1,455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,280	5,255	5,030	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,415	1,265	1,150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,690	4,045	4,640	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,940	11,480	12,455	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,640	760	875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,560	2,275	2,285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,610	9,100	9,510	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,375	5,800	4,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,970	835	1,135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,485	3,675	3,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,445	705	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,200	595	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,695	890	800	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	110	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,550	1,205	1,345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,245	2,080	2,165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,890	2,965	2,925	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5	885	450	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,805	1,615	1,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	290	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,565	3,400	3,160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,750	2,465	2,290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,230	1,185	2,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,875	5,075	5,800	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	505	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,520	10,085	9,440	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	395	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	880	535	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,825	1,360	1,465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	430	210	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,400	7,610	8,790	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,595	4,655	4,945	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,890	4,275	4,615	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	360	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	245	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,500	7,725	7,775	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	50	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	840	405	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	95	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,290	5,465	4,825	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,745	6,210	6,530	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	110	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,365	635	730	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,470	6,695	7,780	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,125	5,595	5,530	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	225	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,565	5,660	5,905	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,485	750	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,640	3,675	3,970	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	230	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,845	1,480	1,365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,770	3,070	2,700	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	245	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,135	1,295	1,840	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,455	815	635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	225	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,315	2,940	3,380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,445	590	850	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	235	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	115	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	255	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,420	1,790	1,630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,025	1,940	2,080	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	640	320	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	220	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,595	830	765	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	180	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,040	4,115	3,925	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	990	500	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,155	1,105	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	750	410	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	495	215	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	140	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,405	2,215	2,195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	125	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	225	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	265	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,165	550	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,010	910	1,095	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,265	4,200	4,065	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,515	3,295	3,225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	100	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	250	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	435	365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,620	2,670	2,950	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	485	495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,800	1,950	1,850	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,995	1,055	945	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,870	925	945	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,975	1,045	930	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	130	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,445	2,800	2,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,530	2,805	2,725	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	240	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,070	1,470	1,605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,790	2,620	2,170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	205	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	270	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,815	1,005	815	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	180	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,215	2,580	2,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	160	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	100	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	195	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	635	300	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	145	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	3,660	1,785	1,870	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	48,365	21,395	26,980	0.6	0.5	0.6
Christian	2,115	960	1,155	57.8	53.8	61.8	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	64.8	62.9	66.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	195	90	105	5.3	5.0	5.6	464,020	229,155	234,860	5.6	5.6	5.6
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	800	365	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	185	85	105	5.1	4.8	5.6	55,290	26,065	29,230	0.7	0.6	0.7
Baptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,755	15,875	17,885	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catholic	1,260	590	670	34.4	33.1	35.8	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	53.8	52.3	55.4
Christian Orthodox	155	80	75	4.2	4.5	4.0	145,805	70,840	74,965	1.8	1.7	1.8
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,970	12,060	15,910	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,600	2,190	2,405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	40	0	35	1.1	0.0	1.9	4,875	2,260	2,615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,255	1,070	1,185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,700	17,955	21,735	0.5	0.4	0.5
Presbyterian	55	10	40	1.5	0.6	2.1	8,010	3,830	4,180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	620	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	80	45	35	2.2	2.5	1.9	19,595	8,645	10,945	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	135	50	80	3.7	2.8	4.3	104,790	48,840	55,950	1.3	1.2	1.3
Hindu	25	15	10	0.7	0.8	0.5	47,390	25,045	22,345	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jewish	60	35	25	1.6	2.0	1.3	84,530	41,470	43,065	1.0	1.0	1.0
Muslim	135	60	70	3.7	3.4	3.7	421,710	218,255	203,455	5.1	5.3	4.9
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,345	12,385	10,960	0.3	0.3	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,790	1,900	1,895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	30	15	20	0.8	0.8	1.1	26,385	12,370	14,010	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	1,285	695	590	35.1	38.9	31.6	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	27.3	29.0	25.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	3,650	1,785	1,870	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	3,285	1,605	1,675	90.0	89.9	89.6	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	88.5	88.6	88.4
Movers	370	180	190	10.1	10.1	10.2	945,290	466,750	478,540	11.5	11.4	11.6
Non-migrants	115	55	60	3.2	3.1	3.2	543,670	268,740	274,925	6.6	6.6	6.6
Migrants	255	125	130	7.0	7.0	7.0	401,625	198,010	203,615	4.9	4.8	4.9
Internal migrants	200	95	100	5.5	5.3	5.3	349,095	170,740	178,355	4.2	4.2	4.3
Intraprovincial migrants	140	75	65	3.8	4.2	3.5	321,005	156,550	164,455	3.9	3.8	4.0
Interprovincial migrants	65	25	35	1.8	1.4	1.9	28,085	14,185	13,895	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	50	25	30	1.4	1.4	1.6	52,530	27,270	25,265	0.6	0.7	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	3,535	1,705	1,830	100.0	100.0	100.0	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	2,465	1,195	1,275	69.7	70.1	69.7	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	61.0	61.1	60.9
Movers	1,070	520	550	30.3	30.5	30.1	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	39.0	38.9	39.1
Non-migrants	155	90	65	4.4	5.3	3.6	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	16.6	16.5	16.8
Migrants	915	430	485	25.9	25.2	26.5	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	22.4	22.4	22.4
Internal migrants	740	350	390	20.9	20.5	21.3	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	18.3	18.1	18.5
Intraprovincial migrants	600	275	320	17.0	16.1	17.5	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	17.2	17.0	17.4
Interprovincial migrants	140	75	65	4.0	4.4	3.6	83,805	41,925	41,880	1.1	1.1	1.1
External migrants	180	80	100	5.1	4.7	5.5	320,090	166,115	153,975	4.1	4.2	3.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	3,155	1,510	1,640	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	255	130	125	8.1	8.6	7.6	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	20.6	22.6	18.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	2,900	1,380	1,515	91.9	91.4	92.4	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	79.4	77.4	81.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,700	815	890	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	60	30	30	3.5	3.7	3.4	642,800	382,415	260,380	14.5	17.3	11.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,640	780	860	96.5	95.7	96.6	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	85.5	82.7	88.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	3,150	1,515	1,640	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	240	120	120	7.6	7.9	7.3	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	18.2	19.2	17.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	525	225	300	16.7	14.9	18.3	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	21.4	21.1	21.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,390	1,175	1,220	75.9	77.6	74.4	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	60.4	59.7	61.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	740	375	365	23.5	24.8	22.3	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	36.9	38.0	35.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	125	70	60	4.0	4.6	3.7	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	15.8	19.5	12.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	90	45	45	2.9	3.0	2.7	793,030	427,220	365,815	11.5	12.5	10.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	35	25	10	1.1	1.7	0.6	303,330	239,705	63,620	4.4	7.0	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	545	270	275	17.3	17.8	16.8	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	17.4	15.5	19.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	70	35	35	2.2	2.3	2.1	252,815	102,150	150,665	3.7	3.0	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,650	795	855	52.4	52.5	52.1	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	23.5	21.7	25.3
Bachelor's degree	800	355	455	25.4	23.4	27.7	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	14.6	13.0	16.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	115	60	55	3.7	4.0	3.4	149,425	66,595	82,825	2.2	2.0	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	55	45	3.0	3.6	2.7	43,755	20,810	22,940	0.6	0.6	0.7
Master's degree	465	215	250	14.8	14.2	15.2	360,795	174,150	186,645	5.2	5.1	5.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	165	110	55	5.2	7.3	3.4	63,270	36,320	26,955	0.9	1.1	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,700	810	890	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	55	25	25	3.2	3.1	2.8	525,155	303,815	221,345	11.8	13.8	9.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	155	80	75	9.1	9.9	8.4	752,855	388,160	364,700	17.0	17.6	16.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,495	710	785	87.9	87.7	88.2	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	71.2	68.7	73.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	375	200	175	22.1	24.7	19.7	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	41.7	42.7	40.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	75	45	30	4.4	5.6	3.4	836,455	498,385	338,075	18.9	22.6	15.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	50	30	25	2.9	3.7	2.8	609,895	319,470	290,425	13.8	14.5	13.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	20	0	1.5	2.5	0.0	226,565	178,915	47,650	5.1	8.1	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	260	135	130	15.3	16.7	14.6	838,140	372,455	465,685	18.9	16.9	20.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	40	20	20	2.4	2.5	2.2	174,695	72,115	102,580	3.9	3.3	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,120	505	615	65.9	62.3	69.1	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	29.5	26.0	33.0
Bachelor's degree	555	245	315	32.6	30.2	35.4	802,755	343,100	459,650	18.1	15.5	20.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	70	35	35	4.1	4.3	3.9	119,460	50,155	69,310	2.7	2.3	3.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55	25	25	3.2	3.1	2.8	33,445	13,520	19,920	0.8	0.6	0.9
Master's degree	335	140	200	19.7	17.3	22.5	302,065	140,530	161,530	6.8	6.4	7.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	100	65	40	5.9	8.0	4.5	49,500	26,520	22,985	1.1	1.2	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	3,150	1,510	1,645	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	760	340	420	24.1	22.5	25.5	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	39.6	40.3	38.9
Education	140	20	120	4.4	1.3	7.3	292,470	65,830	226,640	4.2	1.9	6.5
13. Education	140	20	120	4.4	1.3	7.3	292,470	65,830	226,640	4.2	1.9	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	85	40	40	2.7	2.6	2.4	166,900	75,420	91,480	2.4	2.2	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,530	16,540	6,990	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	75	35	40	2.4	2.3	2.4	143,365	58,875	84,490	2.1	1.7	2.4
Humanities	245	75	170	7.8	5.0	10.3	228,770	90,810	137,960	3.3	2.7	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	10	35	1.6	0.7	2.1	35,440	8,360	27,080	0.5	0.2	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	50	15	35	1.6	1.0	2.1	14,855	4,790	10,065	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	80	15	65	2.5	1.0	4.0	107,105	44,755	62,345	1.5	1.3	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,195	825	1,365	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	10	15	0.8	0.7	0.9	11,135	6,895	4,240	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,385	5,650	3,735	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	25	15	10	0.8	1.0	0.6	17,420	9,975	7,445	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6	31,240	9,565	21,680	0.5	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	355	135	215	11.3	8.9	13.1	430,845	142,280	288,570	6.2	4.2	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,980	1,515	3,460	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	25	35	1.9	1.7	2.1	57,080	19,060	38,020	0.8	0.6	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	25	0	25	0.8	0.0	1.5	79,155	6,625	72,535	1.1	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	50	20	30	1.6	1.3	1.8	77,880	29,725	48,160	1.1	0.9	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,015	3,185	8,825	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	75	15	60	2.4	1.0	3.6	65,230	15,095	50,135	0.9	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	140	75	60	4.4	5.0	3.6	134,510	67,065	67,440	1.9	2.0	1.9
Business, management and public administration	505	245	255	16.0	16.2	15.5	950,820	357,290	593,535	13.7	10.5	16.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	305	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.9	55,355	12,215	43,145	0.8	0.4	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	495	245	245	15.7	16.2	14.9	894,690	344,770	549,925	12.9	10.1	15.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	240	150	90	7.6	9.9	5.5	158,655	83,605	75,050	2.3	2.4	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	85	45	40	2.7	3.0	2.4	57,680	23,925	33,755	0.8	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	50	20	2.2	3.3	1.2	25,605	14,230	11,375	0.4	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,115	11,710	12,400	0.3	0.3	0.4
40. Physical sciences	85	60	25	2.7	4.0	1.5	42,530	29,180	13,350	0.6	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,730	4,560	4,165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	120	70	45	3.8	4.6	2.7	177,780	124,955	52,825	2.6	3.7	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	95	65	25	3.0	4.3	1.5	147,845	110,915	36,930	2.1	3.2	1.1
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,610	2,255	9,355	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	0	20	0.6	0.0	1.2	15,160	9,515	5,645	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,170	2,270	900	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	330	275	55	10.5	18.2	3.3	866,885	778,835	88,060	12.5	22.8	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0	33,975	19,075	14,895	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	215	175	40	6.8	11.6	2.4	181,290	147,120	34,170	2.6	4.3	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	35	30	0	1.1	2.0	0.0	161,440	141,185	20,255	2.3	4.1	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	65	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	0.5	1.0	0.0	189,550	182,910	6,635	2.7	5.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	35	35	0	1.1	2.3	0.0	179,610	173,605	6,010	2.6	5.1	0.2
48. Precision production	20	20	0	0.6	1.3	0.0	120,835	114,865	5,975	1.7	3.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	45	15	25	1.4	1.0	1.5	99,230	60,010	39,225	1.4	1.8	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	30	15	15	1.0	1.0	0.9	64,510	34,415	30,100	0.9	1.0	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6	34,715	25,595	9,125	0.5	0.7	0.3
Health and related fields	285	100	185	9.0	6.6	11.2	515,215	101,455	413,760	7.4	3.0	11.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	30	10	20	1.0	0.7	1.2	29,140	14,930	14,215	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	200	55	150	6.3	3.6	9.1	470,150	78,875	391,275	6.8	2.3	11.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	15	0	0.5	1.0	0.0	845	270	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	20	15	1.1	1.3	0.9	15,080	7,385	7,700	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	35	25	15	1.1	1.7	0.9	291,295	157,925	133,365	4.2	4.6	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	20	10	15	0.6	0.7	0.9	154,335	42,710	111,625	2.2	1.3	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	320	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,450	1,300	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	57,625	43,715	13,905	0.8	1.3	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	77,545	69,880	7,660	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,280	370	905	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,700	815	885	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	210	105	105	12.4	12.9	11.9	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	28.8	31.3	26.3
Education	60	10	55	3.5	1.2	6.2	195,595	39,630	155,965	4.4	1.8	7.0
13. Education	60	10	55	3.5	1.2	6.2	195,595	39,630	155,965	4.4	1.8	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	60	25	35	3.5	3.1	4.0	129,065	58,170	70,895	2.9	2.6	3.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,205	12,610	5,590	0.4	0.6	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	60	20	35	3.5	2.5	4.0	110,860	45,555	65,305	2.5	2.1	2.9
Humanities	125	25	90	7.4	3.1	10.2	144,140	56,410	87,730	3.3	2.6	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	10	30	2.1	1.2	3.4	26,015	5,955	20,065	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	20	10	10	1.2	1.2	1.1	10,825	3,320	7,510	0.2	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	10	25	1.5	1.2	2.8	61,125	26,395	34,730	1.4	1.2	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,415	485	930	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	0	15	1.2	0.0	1.7	7,300	4,485	2,815	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,765	3,040	1,725	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,190	6,880	5,305	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1	20,500	5,850	14,650	0.5	0.3	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	215	85	130	12.6	10.4	14.7	334,475	103,635	230,840	7.5	4.7	10.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,905	1,180	2,725	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	15	25	2.4	1.8	2.8	47,510	15,360	32,155	1.1	0.7	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	64,690	4,665	60,025	1.5	0.2	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	40	15	25	2.4	1.8	2.8	59,965	20,645	39,325	1.4	0.9	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,380	2,320	6,060	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	45	0	35	2.6	0.0	4.0	48,920	10,080	38,835	1.1	0.5	1.7
45. Social sciences	80	40	40	4.7	4.9	4.5	101,105	49,385	51,720	2.3	2.2	2.3
Business, management and public administration	345	165	185	20.3	20.2	20.9	741,390	268,705	472,685	16.7	12.2	21.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	245	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1	43,070	8,735	34,335	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	340	165	175	20.0	20.2	19.8	697,775	259,725	438,045	15.7	11.8	19.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	125	80	50	7.4	9.8	5.6	102,055	53,195	48,865	2.3	2.4	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	60	35	30	3.5	4.3	3.4	46,430	18,895	27,530	1.0	0.9	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	15	0	0.9	1.8	0.0	13,010	7,225	5,780	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,205	3,155	2,050	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	50	30	20	2.9	3.7	2.3	31,410	20,760	10,650	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,010	3,155	2,855	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	85	55	30	5.0	6.7	3.4	147,350	104,880	42,465	3.3	4.7	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	75	55	20	4.4	6.7	2.3	126,845	95,720	31,120	2.9	4.3	1.4
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,990	1,480	6,510	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1	10,365	6,250	4,115	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,145	1,435	710	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	225	175	50	13.2	21.5	5.6	665,365	588,950	76,415	15.0	26.7	3.4
04. Architecture and related services	15	10	10	0.9	1.2	1.1	27,250	14,670	12,580	0.6	0.7	0.6
14. Engineering	150	110	35	8.8	13.5	4.0	152,450	121,715	30,735	3.4	5.5	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	25	20	0	1.5	2.5	0.0	121,270	104,235	17,035	2.7	4.7	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	65	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	0.9	1.8	0.0	142,000	136,435	5,570	3.2	6.2	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0	133,660	128,555	5,100	3.0	5.8	0.2
48. Precision production	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0	88,560	83,270	5,290	2.0	3.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	30	10	20	1.8	1.2	2.3	79,190	45,870	33,320	1.8	2.1	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	20	10	15	1.2	1.2	1.7	51,620	26,290	25,335	1.2	1.2	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1	27,565	19,580	7,985	0.6	0.9	0.4
Health and related fields	185	55	130	10.9	6.7	14.7	387,725	74,730	312,995	8.7	3.4	14.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	20	0	15	1.2	0.0	1.7	22,615	11,045	11,565	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	130	35	85	7.6	4.3	9.6	352,905	58,735	294,170	8.0	2.7	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	730	180	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	1.5	1.2	1.7	11,475	4,765	6,710	0.3	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	15	15	1.5	1.8	1.7	229,120	122,320	106,800	5.2	5.5	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.7	120,395	31,320	89,075	2.7	1.4	4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	250	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	770	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45,820	34,595	11,230	1.0	1.6	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0	61,730	55,385	6,340	1.4	2.5	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,040	290	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	1,700	815	885	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	210	105	105	12.4	12.9	11.9	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	28.8	31.3	26.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	1,495	705	785	87.9	86.5	88.7	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	71.2	68.7	73.7
Location of study inside Canada	1,150	540	605	67.6	66.3	68.4	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	61.8	59.2	64.4
Same as province or territory of residence	990	455	530	58.2	55.8	59.9	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	59.2	56.6	61.8
Different than province or territory of residence	160	85	70	9.4	10.4	7.9	116,855	57,870	58,990	2.6	2.6	2.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	345	160	185	20.3	19.6	20.9	414,490	209,160	205,330	9.3	9.5	9.2
Americas	95	45	50	5.6	5.5	5.6	81,780	40,955	40,820	1.8	1.9	1.8
United States of America	85	45	45	5.0	5.5	5.1	22,720	12,785	9,930	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mexico	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1	9,685	4,330	5,350	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,325	1,770	1,555	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,100	4,860	4,245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	125	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,640	4,105	4,540	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,880	5,550	6,340	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,210	1,335	1,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,615	1,525	2,090	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,395	4,580	4,815	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	165	85	80	9.7	10.4	9.0	138,260	74,045	64,210	3.1	3.4	2.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,415	2,385	2,030	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	65	35	30	3.8	4.3	3.4	77,225	43,085	34,135	1.7	2.0	1.5
Germany	20	15	15	1.2	1.8	1.7	2,410	1,335	1,070	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	935	530	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,520	1,425	1,090	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	190	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,245	2,500	2,750	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,700	620	1,080	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	10	0.6	1.2	1.1	10,370	5,330	5,040	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,330	2,420	2,905	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,615	2,105	2,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	290	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	10	1.8	1.8	1.1	8,955	4,885	4,070	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	715	360	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,330	1,345	985	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	155	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	10	1.2	1.2	1.1	10,325	5,080	5,245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	20	0	20	1.2	0.0	2.3	95,260	49,800	45,460	2.1	2.3	2.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,835	955	880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,560	15,715	14,850	0.7	0.7	0.7
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,240	9,910	9,330	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,865	6,135	4,730	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egypt	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1	6,245	3,170	3,075	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1	585	290	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,925	13,620	12,310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Asia	55	25	30	3.2	3.1	3.4	96,865	43,055	53,805	2.2	1.9	2.4
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	0.9	1.2	1.1	9,440	4,365	5,075	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	380	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,315	650	665	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,840	4,795	5,050	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,960	2,795	3,165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,210	685	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15	1.5	1.2	1.7	20,740	9,165	11,570	0.5	0.4	0.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	235	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	170	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,395	435	955	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,275	820	1,450	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,170	4,975	9,195	0.3	0.2	0.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,730	590	1,135	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,530	1,315	1,215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	970	410	565	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,730	6,885	6,845	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,210	1,080	1,125	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,490	3,285	4,205	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,325	1,300	1,025	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,795	1,010	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	215	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	75	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	3,150	1,515	1,640	...	...	...	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	...	...	...
In the labour force	1,880	990	890	...	...	...	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	...	...	...
Employed	1,710	925	785	...	...	...	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	...	...	...
Unemployed	165	60	110	...	...	...	335,015	176,245	158,775	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	1,275	525	750	...	...	...	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.7	65.3	54.3	59.7	65.3	54.3	64.1	67.4	60.9	64.1	67.4	60.9
Employment rate	54.3	61.1	47.9	54.3	61.1	47.9	59.3	62.3	56.3	59.3	62.3	56.3
Unemployment rate	8.8	6.1	12.4	8.8	6.1	12.4	7.6	7.7	7.4	7.6	7.7	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	3,150	1,510	1,645	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	1,270	525	740	40.3	34.8	45.0	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	35.3	31.8	38.7
Worked	1,885	985	900	59.8	65.2	54.7	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	64.7	68.2	61.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	995	595	395	31.6	39.4	24.0	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	34.1	37.5	30.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	890	390	505	28.3	25.8	30.7	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	30.6	30.7	30.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.3	41.4	39.1	40.3	41.4	39.1	41.3	41.7	40.8	41.3	41.7	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	1,875	985	895	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	70	30	40	3.7	3.0	4.5	90,550	43,585	46,970	2.0	1.9	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	1,810	960	855	96.5	97.5	95.5	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	98.0	98.1	97.8
Employee	1,375	665	710	73.3	67.5	79.3	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	86.0	84.0	88.1
Permanent position	1,075	545	525	57.3	55.3	58.7	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	71.9	71.1	72.8
Temporary position	300	120	185	16.0	12.2	20.7	623,510	296,655	326,850	14.1	12.9	15.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	115	40	75	6.1	4.1	8.4	217,905	94,210	123,700	4.9	4.1	5.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	190	80	110	10.1	8.1	12.3	405,605	202,450	203,155	9.1	8.8	9.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	440	290	145	23.5	29.4	16.2	530,720	324,555	206,165	12.0	14.1	9.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	1,875	985	895	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	70	30	40	3.7	3.0	4.5	90,550	43,585	46,970	2.0	1.9	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	1,810	960	855	96.5	97.5	95.5	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	98.0	98.1	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	110	85	20	5.9	8.6	2.2	79,745	57,370	22,370	1.8	2.5	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	360	105	255	19.2	10.7	28.5	778,905	256,150	522,760	17.6	11.1	24.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	195	130	60	10.4	13.2	6.7	360,495	272,510	87,985	8.1	11.8	4.1
3 Health occupations	160	70	85	8.5	7.1	9.5	359,665	70,075	289,590	8.1	3.0	13.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	265	120	150	14.1	12.2	16.8	558,725	166,020	392,700	12.6	7.2	18.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	60	30	30	3.2	3.0	3.4	146,560	72,400	74,165	3.3	3.1	3.5
6 Sales and service occupations	440	210	225	23.5	21.3	25.1	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	24.0	21.7	26.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	165	155	15	8.8	15.7	1.7	702,290	645,355	56,935	15.8	28.0	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	15	10	0	0.8	1.0	0.0	86,625	68,885	17,735	2.0	3.0	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	40	35	10	2.1	3.6	1.1	207,740	150,405	57,335	4.7	6.5	2.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	1,875	985	895	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	70	30	40	3.7	3.0	4.5	90,550	43,585	46,970	2.0	1.9	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	1,810	960	855	96.5	97.5	95.5	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	98.0	98.1	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	79,050	55,055	23,990	1.8	2.4	1.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,890	21,200	3,695	0.6	0.9	0.2
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,005	22,680	8,330	0.7	1.0	0.4
23 Construction	80	70	10	4.3	7.1	1.1	296,035	254,795	41,240	6.7	11.1	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	195	115	80	10.4	11.7	8.9	449,115	320,715	128,405	10.1	13.9	6.0
41 Wholesale trade	125	80	45	6.7	8.1	5.0	147,340	96,670	50,670	3.3	4.2	2.4
44-45 Retail trade	175	75	100	9.3	7.6	11.2	514,090	248,905	265,185	11.6	10.8	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	75	50	30	4.0	5.1	3.4	209,445	161,115	48,330	4.7	7.0	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	40	25	20	2.1	2.5	2.2	94,130	57,495	36,630	2.1	2.5	1.7
52 Finance and insurance	65	40	20	3.5	4.1	2.2	169,985	74,020	95,960	3.8	3.2	4.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	35	10	30	1.9	1.0	3.4	63,030	35,450	27,575	1.4	1.5	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	270	145	125	14.4	14.7	14.0	345,345	193,365	151,985	7.8	8.4	7.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	10	1.1	1.0	1.1	5,605	2,675	2,935	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	80	45	30	4.3	4.6	3.4	171,345	104,695	66,645	3.9	4.5	3.1
61 Educational services	225	105	125	12.0	10.7	14.0	340,885	104,300	236,590	7.7	4.5	11.1
62 Health care and social assistance	195	80	105	10.4	8.1	11.7	617,200	122,675	494,525	13.9	5.3	23.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	40	10	25	2.1	1.0	2.8	72,700	38,810	33,890	1.6	1.7	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	95	50	40	5.1	5.1	4.5	232,480	109,950	122,530	5.2	4.8	5.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	40	20	25	2.1	2.0	2.8	190,470	89,730	100,735	4.3	3.9	4.7
91 Public administration	35	20	15	1.9	2.0	1.7	290,765	144,705	146,055	6.6	6.3	6.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	2,015	1,050	965	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	635	320	310	31.5	30.5	32.1	350,525	195,385	155,145	7.4	7.9	6.8
French	180	90	90	8.9	8.6	9.3	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	63.9	62.4	65.5
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,820	10,150	8,670	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,175	2,195	1,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,650	7,955	6,690	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	1,100	590	510	54.6	56.2	52.8	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	26.2	27.2	25.2
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	1.2	1.0	1.6	25,875	13,895	11,980	0.5	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,370	9,725	10,645	0.4	0.4	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	40	30	3.5	3.8	3.1	52,970	26,700	26,265	1.1	1.1	1.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	435	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	2,015	1,050	965	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	1,795	935	860	89.1	89.0	89.1	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	94.3	94.2	94.4
Official languages	1,780	925	850	88.3	88.1	88.1	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	93.6	93.4	93.7
English	1,280	660	620	63.5	62.9	64.2	668,485	365,785	302,695	14.1	14.8	13.3
French	500	270	230	24.8	25.7	23.8	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	79.5	78.6	80.4
Non-official languages	20	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.0	36,245	19,120	17,125	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,220	5,140	5,080	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,520	3,320	3,195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	585	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	65	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	375	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,570	720	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.0	26,030	13,980	12,050	0.5	0.6	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,465	1,385	1,075	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,425	1,365	1,060	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,235	1,290	945	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	70	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,640	720	920	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	140	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,325	585	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	150	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	145	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	65	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	65	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.0	13,485	7,750	5,735	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	200	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	395	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	395	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	45	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	280	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,420	725	695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,345	680	665	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	175	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	485	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	180	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,550	1,410	1,135	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,950	1,065	885	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	40	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,480	855	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	345	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	570	320	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	115	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	200	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,725	4,830	2,890	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	220	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	185	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	135	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,530	4,250	2,275	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	40	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	165	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	125	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	100	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,285	2,190	2,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,195	1,130	1,060	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	220	120	105	10.9	11.4	10.9	269,365	142,370	126,995	5.7	5.8	5.6
English and French	210	110	95	10.4	10.5	9.8	249,945	132,640	117,300	5.3	5.4	5.1
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0	7,150	3,800	3,355	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,010	2,675	3,335	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,165	3,215	2,950	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	2,015	1,050	965	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	1,020	510	505	50.6	48.6	52.3	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	77.0	76.2	77.9
English	320	185	135	15.9	17.6	14.0	720,960	391,075	329,885	15.2	15.9	14.5
French	590	305	280	29.3	29.0	29.0	302,145	161,340	140,805	6.4	6.5	6.2
Non-official language	25	10	15	1.2	1.0	1.6	32,245	16,505	15,745	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,025	1,350	1,675	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	25	10	15	1.2	1.0	1.6	29,220	15,155	14,065	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,520	1,270	1,250	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,400	9,340	10,060	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	2.5	2.9	2.1	11,070	6,110	4,970	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	160	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,965	1,605	1,365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	1,710	925	785	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	725	395	335	42.4	42.7	42.7	897,770	435,285	462,480	21.9	20.5	23.4
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,355	5,980	2,380	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	110	95	15	6.4	10.3	1.9	442,035	333,730	108,305	10.8	15.7	5.5
Usual place of work	870	435	435	50.9	47.0	55.4	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	67.1	63.6	71.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	870	435	435	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	230	85	145	26.4	19.5	33.3	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	53.6	50.7	56.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	515	285	235	59.2	65.5	54.0	419,210	203,335	215,875	15.2	15.0	15.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	110	65	50	12.6	14.9	11.5	823,150	442,385	380,765	29.9	32.7	27.2
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.3	34,875	20,300	14,575	1.3	1.5	1.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	980	530	450	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	820	455	360	83.7	85.8	80.0	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	82.4	84.9	79.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	740	425	315	75.5	80.2	70.0	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	77.7	81.1	73.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	75	30	45	7.7	5.7	10.0	150,535	63,495	87,040	4.7	3.8	5.8
Public transit	50	35	20	5.1	6.6	4.4	287,345	120,460	166,885	9.0	7.1	11.1
Walked	30	10	20	3.1	1.9	4.4	178,645	78,570	100,075	5.6	4.7	6.6
Bicycle	40	25	15	4.1	4.7	3.3	40,420	26,585	13,835	1.3	1.6	0.9
Other method	45	15	35	4.6	2.8	7.8	54,645	28,740	25,895	1.7	1.7	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	980	530	450	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	240	100	140	24.5	18.9	31.1	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	31.5	28.6	34.7
15 to 29 minutes	390	220	165	39.8	41.5	36.7	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	34.8	34.4	35.3
30 to 44 minutes	210	125	85	21.4	23.6	18.9	635,870	363,430	272,445	19.9	21.6	18.1
45 to 59 minutes	75	50	35	7.7	9.4	7.8	235,140	133,720	101,425	7.4	7.9	6.7
60 minutes and over	60	30	30	6.1	5.7	6.7	206,480	126,635	79,840	6.5	7.5	5.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	980	530	450	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35	20	15	3.6	3.8	3.3	241,420	189,270	52,155	7.6	11.2	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	120	95	20	12.2	17.9	4.4	569,745	368,480	201,265	17.8	21.9	13.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	235	130	105	24.0	24.5	23.3	935,640	441,465	494,170	29.3	26.2	32.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	295	160	140	30.1	30.2	31.1	626,895	259,220	367,675	19.6	15.4	24.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	200	100	100	20.4	18.9	22.2	330,930	142,495	188,435	10.4	8.5	12.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	95	30	65	9.7	5.7	14.4	489,685	284,160	205,530	15.3	16.9	13.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	710	350	365	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	525	260	260	73.9	74.3	71.2	303,835	156,030	147,805	18.1	18.1	18.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190	90	100	26.8	25.7	27.4	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	81.9	81.9	81.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	590	285	300	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	445	220	225	75.4	77.2	75.0	230,080	118,075	112,005	18.8	18.9	18.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	350	180	175	59.3	63.2	58.3	175,305	90,000	85,305	14.3	14.4	14.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	95	45	50	16.1	15.8	16.7	54,775	28,070	26,700	4.5	4.5	4.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	145	65	80	24.6	22.8	26.7	992,895	508,315	484,580	81.2	81.1	81.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 10, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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