Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Baie-D'Urfé, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove	Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	3,764	2,004,265
Population, 2016¹	3,823	1,942,044
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 1.5	3.2
Total private dwellings²	1,375	976,966
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	1,325	910,359
Population density per square kilometre	623.9	4,022.3
Land area in square kilometres	6.03	498.29
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	3,760	2,004,265
0 to 14 years	510	309,765
0 to 4 years	115	99,195
5 to 9 years	180	106,985
10 to 14 years	205	103,590
15 to 64 years	2,275	1,343,170
15 to 19 years	295	97,525
20 to 24 years	255	140,025
25 to 29 years	140	165,525
30 to 34 years	105	157,725
35 to 39 years	135	149,265
40 to 44 years	195	142,365
45 to 49 years	225	125,505
50 to 54 years	320	121,710
55 to 59 years	335	125,465
60 to 64 years	265	118,065
65 years and over	985	351,325
65 to 69 years	255	99,325
70 to 74 years	205	86,030
75 to 79 years	175	63,215
80 to 84 years	155	46,875
85 years and over	195	55,885
85 to 89 years	100	33,210
90 to 94 years	60	17,780
95 to 99 years	25	4,290
100 years and over	0	610
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.6	15.5
15 to 64 years	60.5	67.0
65 years and over	26.2	17.5
85 years and over	5.2	2.8
Average age of the population	46.5	41.0
Median age of the population	50.4	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	1,325	910,360
Single-detached house	1,235	100,615
Semi-detached house	5	32,530
Row house	40	34,075
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	110,440
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	40	479,885
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	148,935
Other single-attached house	0	3,450
Movable dwelling⁴	0	430
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	1,325	910,355
1 person	195	367,400
2 persons	505	271,730
3 persons	225	118,205
4 persons	265	98,205
5 or more persons	140	54,820
Number of persons in private households	3,660	1,959,355
Average household size	2.8	2.2
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	3,255	1,694,500
Married or living common-law	2,080	822,440
Married	1,870	577,060
Living common-law	215	245,385
Living common law - Never married	125	207,040
Living common law - Separated	5	3,190
Living common law - Divorced	80	32,295
Living common law - Widowed	0	2,855
Not married and not living common-law	1,175	872,060
Not married and not living common law - Never married	820	627,845
Not married and not living common law - Separated	30	34,795
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	110	126,605
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	215	82,815
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	1,125	495,445
2 persons	520	251,075
3 persons	225	107,265
4 persons	265	93,300
5 or more persons	115	43,810
Average size of census families	3.0	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	1,125	495,445
Total couple families	1,015	395,645
Married couples	910	273,070
With children⁶	505	162,745
Without children	400	110,325
Common-law couples	105	122,570
With children⁶	50	44,875
Without children	55	77,700
Total one-parent families	110	99,805
in which the parent is a woman+	80	80,530
in which the parent is a man+	30	19,275
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	3,660	1,959,355
Total - Persons in census families	3,375	1,432,990
Married spouses or common-law partners	2,030	791,280
Parents in one-parent families	110	99,805
Children⁶	1,235	541,905
In a two-parent family	1,055	392,250
In a one-parent family	180	149,655
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	290	526,370
Living alone	195	367,395
Living with other relatives⁷	40	49,280
Living with non-relatives only	50	109,690
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	1,325	910,360
One-census-family households without additional persons	1,060	455,970
Couple-family households	965	370,250
With children⁶	525	194,165
Without children	435	176,085
One-parent-family households	95	85,720
Multigenerational households⁸	30	13,270
Multiple-census-family households⁹	5	1,960
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	15	16,550
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	20	55,210
One-person households	195	367,395
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	3,150	1,650,115
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,980	1,585,095
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,980	1,585,510
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,790	1,400,285
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,065	1,155,055
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,180	1,324,675
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,100	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	135	171,705
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	770	529,640
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,650	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	3,155	1,650,130
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,920	1,585,295
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	91,800	53,250
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,920	1,585,735
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	67,300	42,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,735	1,399,405
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	89,400	48,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,070	1,155,055
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	84,500	48,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,125	1,323,550
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,150	12,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	120	171,360
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,600	6,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	785	528,305
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,820	9,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	3,155	1,650,135
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	925	514,340
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	114,000	60,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	150,800	78,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	795	504,455
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	11,000	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,300	26,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	91.2	81.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.0	66.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	8.8	18.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.8	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.6	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	3,155	1,650,115
Without total income	175	65,020
With total income	2,975	1,585,095
Under $10,000 (including loss)	335	138,250
$10,000 to $19,999	345	200,450
$20,000 to $29,999	345	286,825
$30,000 to $39,999	240	215,455
$40,000 to $49,999	205	181,505
$50,000 to $59,999	200	138,185
$60,000 to $69,999	170	100,060
$70,000 to $79,999	145	74,165
$80,000 to $89,999	130	58,400
$90,000 to $99,999	110	42,240
$100,000 and over	750	149,555
$100,000 to $149,999	290	90,980
$150,000 and over	460	58,575
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	3,155	1,650,115
Without after-tax income	175	64,605
With after-tax income	2,975	1,585,510
Under $10,000 (including loss)	360	144,275
$10,000 to $19,999	375	210,975
$20,000 to $29,999	395	334,395
$30,000 to $39,999	260	257,145
$40,000 to $49,999	290	204,980
$50,000 to $59,999	225	139,760
$60,000 to $69,999	195	93,705
$70,000 to $79,999	145	61,765
$80,000 to $89,999	115	38,975
$90,000 to $99,999	100	25,855
$100,000 and over	515	73,695
$100,000 to $124,999	165	33,165
$125,000 and over	350	40,530
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	3,155	1,650,115
Without employment income	1,085	495,060
With employment income	2,065	1,155,055
Under $5,000 (including loss)	395	167,560
$5,000 to $9,999	205	111,575
$10,000 to $19,999	190	151,350
$20,000 to $29,999	105	116,030
$30,000 to $39,999	100	108,120
$40,000 to $49,999	105	104,250
$50,000 to $59,999	105	84,485
$60,000 to $69,999	80	66,190
$70,000 to $79,999	65	52,585
$80,000 to $89,999	90	46,000
$90,000 to $99,999	65	31,345
$100,000 and over	560	115,575
$100,000 to $124,999	130	47,525
$125,000 and over	430	68,050
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	3,150	1,650,115
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,900	1,538,580
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,905	1,539,035
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,765	1,366,580
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,055	1,133,505
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,890	1,199,280
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,120	4,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	105	114,940
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,160	5,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	3,155	1,650,130
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,865	1,538,450
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	90,300	50,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,865	1,538,920
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,700	39,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,730	1,365,190
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	89,000	49,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,080	1,132,415
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	85,000	48,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,840	1,198,940
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,280	8,250
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	125	114,595
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,400	7,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	3,155	1,650,135
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	925	507,645
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	106,000	54,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	140,000	72,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	730	462,020
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	51,500	32,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	94.2	87.2
Employment income (%)	68.6	71.8
Government transfers (%)	5.9	12.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	1,325	910,355
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	145,000	66,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	116,000	58,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	195	367,395
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	71,500	38,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,600	34,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	1,130	542,960
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	159,000	92,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,000	80,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	1,325	910,360
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	202,600	92,700
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	148,600	74,100
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	195	367,255
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	153,000	49,760
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	121,000	40,640
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	1,130	543,100
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	211,200	121,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	153,600	96,700
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	1,325	910,355
Under $5,000	10	18,165
$5,000 to $9,999	0	10,335
$10,000 to $14,999	5	17,665
$15,000 to $19,999	0	25,730
$20,000 to $24,999	25	57,720
$25,000 to $29,999	10	41,160
$30,000 to $34,999	20	40,595
$35,000 to $39,999	15	41,545
$40,000 to $44,999	25	42,630
$45,000 to $49,999	25	40,980
$50,000 to $59,999	45	75,485
$60,000 to $69,999	55	67,695
$70,000 to $79,999	55	60,495
$80,000 to $89,999	70	54,055
$90,000 to $99,999	55	45,830
$100,000 and over	900	270,265
$100,000 to $124,999	145	85,635
$125,000 to $149,999	110	56,205
$150,000 to $199,999	195	62,095
$200,000 and over	445	66,335
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	1,325	910,355
Under $5,000	20	19,710
$5,000 to $9,999	0	10,575
$10,000 to $14,999	5	17,965
$15,000 to $19,999	5	27,485
$20,000 to $24,999	25	63,030
$25,000 to $29,999	20	49,660
$30,000 to $34,999	15	48,815
$35,000 to $39,999	25	51,055
$40,000 to $44,999	30	50,890
$45,000 to $49,999	35	47,120
$50,000 to $59,999	75	85,490
$60,000 to $69,999	70	75,625
$70,000 to $79,999	75	65,530
$80,000 to $89,999	85	54,850
$90,000 to $99,999	75	45,065
$100,000 and over	765	197,490
$100,000 to $124,999	160	78,870
$125,000 to $149,999	140	45,905
$150,000 and over	460	72,715
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	1,115	501,830
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	159,000	94,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,000	82,000
Average family size of economic families	3.1	3.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	440	179,195
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	88,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	75,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	560	208,260
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	204,000	119,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,000	102,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	105	95,875
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	65,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	59,600
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	250	477,085
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	63,200	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,600	31,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	1,115	501,905
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	212,400	125,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	154,400	98,700
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	440	179,455
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	168,000	116,700
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	125,600	91,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	555	208,375
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	266,000	157,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	190,000	122,300
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	110	95,455
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	78,200
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	67,100
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	240	476,520
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	132,000	45,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	104,000	37,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	3,660	1,959,355
0 to 17 years	685	365,020
0 to 5 years	145	120,615
18 to 64 years	2,095	1,276,910
65 years and over	880	317,425
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	230	321,885
0 to 17 years	60	54,265
0 to 5 years	15	18,760
18 to 64 years	125	197,020
65 years and over	45	70,600
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.2	16.4
0 to 17 years (%)	8.8	14.9
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	15.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.9	15.4
65 years and over (%)	5.2	22.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	3,660	1,959,355
0 to 17 years	685	365,025
0 to 5 years	145	120,610
18 to 64 years	2,100	1,276,910
65 years and over	875	317,425
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	155	213,720
0 to 17 years	40	29,585
0 to 5 years	10	9,970
18 to 64 years	90	153,385
65 years and over	30	30,745
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.2	10.9
0 to 17 years (%)	5.6	8.1
0 to 5 years (%)	7.0	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	12.0
65 years and over (%)	3.2	9.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	3,660	1,959,355
In bottom half of the distribution	885	1,196,770
In bottom decile	200	298,540
In second decile	160	244,435
In third decile	145	240,895
In fourth decile	185	218,125
In fifth decile	195	194,765
In top half of the distribution	2,775	762,590
In sixth decile	375	172,200
In seventh decile	340	156,540
In eighth decile	365	144,120
In ninth decile	500	134,265
In top decile	1,190	155,465
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	3,660	1,959,355
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.440	0.398
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.498	0.531
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.369	0.335
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.6	4.1
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	3,765	1,980,015
English only	890	262,290
French only	60	486,845
English and French	2,790	1,185,020
Neither English nor French	35	45,860
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	3,765	1,980,015
English	2,695	605,220
French	825	1,156,585
English and French	220	173,785
Neither English nor French	30	44,430
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	3,765	1,980,015
Single responses	3,495	1,836,570
Official languages	2,670	1,193,295
English	1,930	322,315
French	740	870,975
Non-official languages	825	643,275
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	455
Algonquian languages	0	225
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	190
Atikamekw	0	25
Cree languages	0	125
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	5
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	50
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	65
Innu (Montagnais)	0	35
Naskapi	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	25
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	15
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	185
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	185
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	35
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	35
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	825	642,820
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	129,195
Berber languages	0	15,675
Kabyle	0	14,510
Tamazight	0	1,005
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	155
Chadic languages	0	360
Hausa	0	185
Mina	0	175
Coptic	0	190
Cushitic languages	0	780
Bilen	0	20
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	750
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Semitic languages	40	112,200
Amharic	0	565
Arabic	40	107,605
Aramaic languages	0	135
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	50
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	10
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	75
Harari	0	5
Hebrew	0	3,145
Maltese	0	5
Tigrigna	0	710
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	24,640
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	4,695
Vietnamese	5	19,905
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	40
Austronesian languages	5	18,505
Bikol	0	115
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	350
Cebuano	0	765
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	475
Ilocano	0	1,890
Indonesian	0	450
Kankanaey	0	20
Kinaray-a	0	25
Malagasy languages	0	435
Merina	0	290
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	150
Malay	0	50
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	195
Pangasinan	0	100
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	13,350
Waray-Waray	0	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	240
Creole languages	0	37,690
Haitian Creole	0	27,565
Jamaican English Creole	0	15
Krio	0	10
Morisyen	0	1,070
Sango	0	50
Creole, n.o.s.	0	8,705
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	275
Dravidian languages	0	13,620
Kannada	0	285
Malayalam	0	1,470
Tamil	0	10,370
Telugu	0	1,465
Tulu	0	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Georgian	0	125
Hmong-Mien languages	0	5
Indo-European languages	605	329,415
Albanian	0	1,935
Armenian	5	6,520
Balto-Slavic languages	125	37,235
Baltic languages	10	430
Latvian	0	150
Lithuanian	10	285
Slavic languages	120	36,800
Belarusian	0	40
Bulgarian	15	3,670
Czech	5	750
Macedonian	0	115
Polish	30	7,520
Russian	40	17,695
Rusyn	0	5
Serbo-Croatian	15	3,130
Bosnian	0	385
Croatian	10	1,095
Serbian	5	1,570
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	85
Slovak	10	495
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	315
Ukrainian	5	3,045
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Celtic languages	0	50
Irish	0	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	10
Welsh	0	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Germanic languages	190	14,215
Frisian	0	5
High German languages	160	12,245
German	150	4,995
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	10	310
Yiddish	0	6,945
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	1,265
Afrikaans	0	90
Dutch	15	1,065
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	5
Plautdietsch	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	100
Scandinavian languages	10	655
Danish	5	190
Icelandic	0	45
Norwegian	5	110
Swedish	5	305
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	45
Greek	35	17,080
Indo-Iranian languages	65	68,600
Indo-Aryan languages	25	48,035
Assamese	0	20
Bengali	0	10,220
Gujarati	0	5,940
Hindi	5	4,270
Kacchi	0	120
Kashmiri	0	30
Konkani	0	65
Marathi	0	400
Nepali	0	370
Oriya languages	0	45
Odia	0	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	18,260
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	0	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	475
Urdu	5	7,550
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	195
Iranian languages	40	20,550
Baluchi	0	5
Kurdish	0	475
Parsi	0	35
Pashto	0	1,020
Persian languages	40	18,950
Dari	0	1,245
Iranian Persian	40	16,025
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	1,680
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	70
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Italic (Romance) languages	185	183,755
Catalan	0	210
Italian	75	63,560
Portuguese	10	19,465
Romanian	30	15,020
Spanish	65	85,395
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	110
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Japanese	5	1,855
Korean	10	5,025
Mongolian	0	180
Niger-Congo languages	0	13,775
Akan (Twi)	0	690
Bamanankan	0	690
Edo	0	65
Éwé	0	345
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	1,270
Ga	0	55
Ganda	0	25
Gikuyu	0	5
Igbo	0	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	1,150
Lingala	0	1,715
Luba-Kasai	0	140
Mòoré	0	160
Mwani	0	25
Ndebele	0	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	1,355
Shona	0	85
Soninke	0	205
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	10
Swahili	0	815
Wojenaka	0	485
Wolof	0	1,545
Yoruba	0	660
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	2,125
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	360
Dinka	0	10
Nuer	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	285
African, n.o.s.	0	65
Sign languages	0	310
American Sign Language	0	60
Quebec Sign Language	0	190
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	57,075
Chinese languages	115	56,890
Hakka	0	265
Mandarin	105	37,985
Min Dong	0	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	1,895
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	545
Yue (Cantonese)	15	15,185
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	940
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	50
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	140
Burmese	0	60
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	65
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	45
Tai-Kadai languages	0	1,770
Lao	0	1,320
Thai	0	430
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Turkic languages	15	5,945
Azerbaijani	0	285
Kazakh	0	30
Turkish	15	5,300
Uyghur	0	145
Uzbek	0	80
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	105
Uralic languages	25	3,230
Estonian	0	110
Finnish	0	175
Hungarian	20	2,940
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	95
Multiple responses	270	143,450
English and French	140	42,695
English and non-official language(s)	70	32,265
French and non-official language(s)	20	47,185
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15,685
Multiple non-official languages	10	5,625
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	3,765	1,980,015
English	2,100	340,470
French	430	779,125
Non-official language	175	204,395
Indigenous³⁹	0	80
Non-Indigenous	175	204,315
English and French	505	173,135
English and non-official language(s)	340	135,390
French and non-official language(s)	20	180,900
English, French and non-official language(s)	185	154,470
Multiple non-official languages	10	12,130
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	3,765	1,980,015
Single responses	3,535	1,806,270
Official languages	3,185	1,435,980
English	2,625	479,850
French	560	956,130
Non-official languages	350	370,290
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	160
Algonquian languages	0	95
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	80
Atikamekw	0	10
Cree languages	0	60
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	30
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	25
Innu (Montagnais)	0	20
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	5
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	50
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	5
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	350	370,125
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	66,095
Berber languages	0	6,870
Kabyle	0	6,385
Tamazight	0	375
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	115
Chadic languages	0	125
Hausa	0	85
Mina	0	40
Coptic	0	140
Cushitic languages	0	370
Bilen	0	10
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	350
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Semitic languages	15	58,585
Amharic	0	270
Arabic	15	56,520
Aramaic languages	0	85
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	35
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	40
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	0	1,230
Maltese	0	0
Tigrigna	0	450
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	17,355
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	2,915
Vietnamese	0	14,425
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	15
Austronesian languages	0	10,910
Bikol	0	40
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	190
Cebuano	0	475
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	280
Ilocano	0	1,075
Indonesian	0	195
Kankanaey	0	5
Kinaray-a	0	20
Malagasy languages	0	125
Merina	0	65
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	55
Malay	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	110
Pangasinan	0	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	8,240
Waray-Waray	0	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	110
Creole languages	0	17,685
Haitian Creole	0	12,780
Jamaican English Creole	0	10
Krio	0	0
Morisyen	0	580
Sango	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	4,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	95
Dravidian languages	0	10,460
Kannada	0	150
Malayalam	0	1,035
Tamil	0	8,370
Telugu	0	895
Tulu	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Georgian	0	50
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	225	188,550
Albanian	0	1,115
Armenian	0	4,370
Balto-Slavic languages	60	21,410
Baltic languages	0	105
Latvian	0	40
Lithuanian	0	70
Slavic languages	55	21,300
Belarusian	0	5
Bulgarian	10	2,425
Czech	0	210
Macedonian	0	70
Polish	10	3,090
Russian	20	12,475
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	1,445
Bosnian	0	195
Croatian	0	435
Serbian	0	795
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	25
Slovak	10	120
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	90
Ukrainian	5	1,365
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Celtic languages	0	10
Irish	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	5
Welsh	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	70	6,845
Frisian	0	5
High German languages	65	6,500
German	60	770
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	5	30
Yiddish	0	5,700
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	220
Afrikaans	0	45
Dutch	0	155
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	15
Scandinavian languages	0	120
Danish	0	25
Icelandic	0	25
Norwegian	0	10
Swedish	0	60
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Greek	5	8,270
Indo-Iranian languages	30	50,680
Indo-Aryan languages	10	35,595
Assamese	0	5
Bengali	0	7,495
Gujarati	0	3,960
Hindi	0	2,820
Kacchi	0	75
Kashmiri	0	0
Konkani	0	20
Marathi	0	180
Nepali	0	240
Oriya languages	0	5
Odia	0	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	14,920
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	0	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	270
Urdu	0	5,470
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	120
Iranian languages	15	15,075
Baluchi	0	0
Kurdish	0	250
Parsi	0	15
Pashto	0	775
Persian languages	15	13,990
Dari	0	800
Iranian Persian	15	12,080
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	1,110
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	65	95,835
Catalan	0	80
Italian	5	22,105
Portuguese	0	10,365
Romanian	15	8,915
Spanish	40	54,335
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	40
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Japanese	0	840
Korean	0	3,655
Mongolian	0	130
Niger-Congo languages	0	4,365
Akan (Twi)	0	370
Bamanankan	0	205
Edo	0	20
Éwé	0	90
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	455
Ga	0	25
Ganda	0	5
Gikuyu	0	0
Igbo	0	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	350
Lingala	0	585
Luba-Kasai	0	10
Mòoré	0	25
Mwani	0	10
Ndebele	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	480
Shona	0	35
Soninke	0	95
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0
Swahili	0	300
Wojenaka	0	130
Wolof	0	620
Yoruba	0	190
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	345
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	110
Dinka	0	0
Nuer	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	105
African, n.o.s.	0	10
Sign languages	0	595
American Sign Language	0	140
Quebec Sign Language	0	325
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	43,570
Chinese languages	100	43,475
Hakka	0	80
Mandarin	95	30,855
Min Dong	0	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	1,135
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	355
Yue (Cantonese)	5	10,470
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	560
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	70
Burmese	0	35
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	35
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	30
Tai-Kadai languages	0	895
Lao	0	740
Thai	0	155
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	0	3,885
Azerbaijani	0	115
Kazakh	0	5
Turkish	0	3,595
Uyghur	0	100
Uzbek	0	40
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	30
Uralic languages	5	935
Estonian	0	5
Finnish	0	25
Hungarian	5	895
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	30
Multiple responses	230	173,745
English and French	115	53,305
English and non-official language(s)	90	39,365
French and non-official language(s)	10	57,355
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	21,910
Multiple non-official languages	0	1,815
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	3,765	1,980,015
None	2,895	1,454,735
English	215	131,630
French	315	126,780
Non-official language	170	144,335
Indigenous³⁹	0	185
Non-Indigenous	170	144,155
English and French	35	34,410
English and non-official language(s)	30	38,875
French and non-official language(s)	75	33,620
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	4,120
Multiple non-official languages	15	11,505
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	3,660	1,959,355
Official languages	3,635	1,913,970
English	3,585	1,435,560
French	2,820	1,655,330
Non-official languages	1,340	971,455
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	890
Algonquian languages	0	400
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	290
Atikamekw	0	20
Cree languages	0	180
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	75
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	15
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	75
Innu (Montagnais)	0	80
Naskapi	0	20
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	25
Mi'kmaq	0	25
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	105
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	30
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	65
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	50
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	20
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	35
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	30
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	25
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	15
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	365
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	360
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	65
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	65
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	10
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	10
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,340	970,710
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	217,295
Berber languages	0	24,100
Kabyle	0	21,780
Tamazight	0	2,055
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	560
Chadic languages	0	1,245
Hausa	0	600
Mina	0	645
Coptic	0	795
Cushitic languages	0	1,185
Bilen	0	15
Oromo	0	10
Somali	0	1,140
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	50
Semitic languages	80	205,120
Amharic	0	880
Arabic	65	188,115
Aramaic languages	0	230
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	55
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	10
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	170
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	15	16,440
Maltese	0	25
Tigrigna	0	820
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	75
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	32,680
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	7,045
Vietnamese	0	26,160
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	60
Austronesian languages	10	29,140
Bikol	0	250
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	525
Cebuano	0	1,385
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	910
Ilocano	0	3,350
Indonesian	0	900
Kankanaey	0	60
Kinaray-a	0	85
Malagasy languages	0	855
Merina	0	670
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	185
Malay	0	390
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	395
Pangasinan	0	155
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	25,940
Waray-Waray	0	145
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	1,040
Creole languages	0	76,295
Haitian Creole	0	67,895
Jamaican English Creole	0	245
Krio	0	60
Morisyen	0	2,710
Sango	0	190
Creole, n.o.s.	0	12,280
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	1,600
Dravidian languages	0	18,785
Kannada	0	725
Malayalam	0	2,025
Tamil	0	14,560
Telugu	0	2,570
Tulu	0	40
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Georgian	0	175
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,090	514,485
Albanian	0	2,600
Armenian	15	8,650
Balto-Slavic languages	165	50,700
Baltic languages	0	705
Latvian	0	270
Lithuanian	0	435
Slavic languages	165	50,190
Belarusian	0	205
Bulgarian	15	4,515
Czech	15	1,265
Macedonian	0	255
Polish	45	10,130
Russian	55	29,515
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	4,100
Bosnian	0	715
Croatian	15	1,880
Serbian	35	2,105
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	110
Slovak	15	795
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	440
Ukrainian	20	5,945
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	40
Celtic languages	0	315
Irish	0	140
Scottish Gaelic	0	50
Welsh	0	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	90
Germanic languages	355	35,095
Frisian	0	40
High German languages	325	31,565
German	325	21,270
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	385
Yiddish	0	10,330
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	2,655
Afrikaans	0	330
Dutch	15	2,130
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	220
Scandinavian languages	20	1,865
Danish	0	545
Icelandic	0	50
Norwegian	15	400
Swedish	0	1,030
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	80
Greek	75	25,065
Indo-Iranian languages	100	91,140
Indo-Aryan languages	20	66,760
Assamese	0	55
Bengali	0	13,405
Gujarati	0	8,845
Hindi	15	28,090
Kacchi	0	250
Kashmiri	0	50
Konkani	0	205
Marathi	0	920
Nepali	0	560
Oriya languages	0	55
Odia	0	35
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	25,595
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	0	175
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	1,060
Urdu	0	12,905
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	565
Iranian languages	80	25,080
Baluchi	0	0
Kurdish	0	855
Parsi	0	95
Pashto	0	1,300
Persian languages	80	23,195
Dari	0	1,515
Iranian Persian	80	19,455
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	2,395
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	115
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	85
Italic (Romance) languages	515	324,695
Catalan	0	780
Italian	210	107,285
Portuguese	40	31,125
Romanian	20	18,785
Spanish	295	193,835
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	475
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	135
Japanese	0	5,275
Korean	15	6,420
Mongolian	0	240
Niger-Congo languages	10	33,295
Akan (Twi)	0	1,650
Bamanankan	0	1,595
Edo	0	260
Éwé	0	960
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	2,810
Ga	0	255
Ganda	0	80
Gikuyu	0	50
Igbo	0	535
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	1,925
Lingala	0	7,490
Luba-Kasai	0	540
Mòoré	0	635
Mwani	0	25
Ndebele	0	125
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	2,130
Shona	0	270
Soninke	0	465
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	50
Swahili	0	3,575
Wojenaka	0	1,005
Wolof	0	4,145
Yoruba	0	2,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	7,345
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	725
Dinka	0	10
Nuer	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	710
African, n.o.s.	0	435
Sign languages	0	2,170
American Sign Language	0	635
Quebec Sign Language	0	1,370
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	360
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	68,485
Chinese languages	130	68,285
Hakka	0	445
Mandarin	115	51,885
Min Dong	0	45
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	2,965
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	850
Yue (Cantonese)	35	21,115
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	955
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	130
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	195
Burmese	0	75
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	95
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	70
Tai-Kadai languages	0	2,870
Lao	0	2,040
Thai	0	1,140
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	40
Turkic languages	0	10,550
Azerbaijani	0	655
Kazakh	0	70
Turkish	0	9,540
Uyghur	0	225
Uzbek	0	190
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	245
Uralic languages	15	4,620
Estonian	0	175
Finnish	0	320
Hungarian	10	4,130
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	450
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	3,660	1,959,355
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	35	16,675
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	30	15,520
First Nations (North American Indian)	30	8,745
Métis	0	6,085
Inuk (Inuit)	0	685
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	355
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	800
Non-Indigenous identity	3,625	1,942,680
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	3,660	1,959,355
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	3,805
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	3,660	1,955,555
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	1,325	910,360
Owner	1,270	360,125
Renter	55	550,240
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	1,325	910,360
Condominium	45	192,985
Not condominium	1,285	717,375
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	1,325	910,360
No bedrooms	0	19,730
1 bedroom	15	267,715
2 bedrooms	50	303,875
3 bedrooms	380	220,945
4 or more bedrooms	880	98,090
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	1,325	910,360
1 to 4 rooms	40	501,570
5 rooms	50	166,230
6 rooms	80	78,495
7 rooms	180	58,850
8 or more rooms	970	105,210
Average number of rooms per dwelling	8.7	4.7
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	1,325	910,360
One person or fewer per room	1,325	881,730
More than one person per room	0	28,630
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	1,325	910,360
Suitable	1,310	834,885
Not suitable	15	75,475
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	1,325	910,360
1960 or before	660	325,005
1961 to 1980	315	282,605
1981 to 1990	175	101,185
1991 to 2000	90	63,765
2001 to 2005	15	32,020
2006 to 2010	0	32,875
2011 to 2015	10	35,320
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	50	37,590
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	1,325	910,360
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	1,245	833,540
Major repairs needed	80	76,815
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	1,325	910,360
One-maintainer household	615	543,605
Two-maintainer household	690	333,140
Three-or-more-maintainer household	25	33,620
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	1,325	910,360
15 to 24 years	0	40,960
25 to 34 years	45	162,375
35 to 44 years	170	171,535
45 to 54 years	250	155,520
55 to 64 years	345	156,865
65 to 74 years	255	122,825
75 to 84 years	185	70,345
85 years and over	70	29,930
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	1,320	902,485
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,175	686,075
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	150	216,410
30% to less than 100%	135	189,795
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	1,325	910,360
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	230	330,635
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	140	186,350
Not suitable only	15	56,480
Major repairs needed only	70	50,745
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	10,995
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	18,075
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	7,005
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	995
Acceptable housing	1,095	579,720
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	1,305	875,865
In core need	35	87,945
Not in core need	1,270	787,925
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,270	360,120
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	47.6	60.0
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.7	17.4
% in core housing need⁶³	2.8	3.3
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,220	1,370
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,664	1,572
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	850,000	544,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	980,000	638,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	60	550,235
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	8.4
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	28.4
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	14.6
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,160	890
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,300	987
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	3,660	1,959,360
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	9,035
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	8,845
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	7,485
Métis single ancestry	0	930
Inuit single ancestry	0	430
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	195
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	90
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	95
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	50	30,345
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	50	30,095
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	27,000
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	2,710
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	380
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	250
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	215
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	15
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	20
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	3,610	1,919,975
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	3,660	1,959,355
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	3,395	1,645,945
Canadian citizens aged under 18	665	322,965
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,735	1,322,980
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	260	313,410
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	3,660	1,959,355
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	2,585	1,168,390
Immigrants⁸¹	990	652,730
Before 1980	325	108,265
1980 to 1990	155	69,695
1991 to 2000	145	106,810
2001 to 2010	230	154,780
2011 to 2021⁸²	140	213,175
2011 to 2015	50	99,070
2016 to 2021	90	114,110
Non-permanent residents⁸³	90	138,240
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	985	652,725
Under 5 years	105	52,990
5 to 14 years	165	103,285
15 to 24 years	160	118,475
25 to 44 years	435	326,320
45 years and over	130	51,660
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	985	652,725
Americas	150	137,955
Brazil	0	4,275
Colombia	0	8,885
El Salvador	0	6,600
Guyana	0	1,675
Haiti	0	48,570
Jamaica	0	3,280
Mexico	30	8,940
Peru	0	7,165
Trinidad and Tobago	0	2,640
United States of America	65	12,515
Other places of birth in Americas	30	33,410
Europe	540	158,795
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	850
Croatia	0	915
France	105	42,245
Germany	95	3,715
Greece	30	8,650
Hungary	0	1,990
Italy	25	32,485
Netherlands	0	700
Poland	15	6,030
Portugal	0	8,140
Romania	25	11,970
Russian Federation	15	7,050
Serbia⁸⁶	15	845
Ukraine	20	5,385
United Kingdom⁸⁷	110	6,620
Other places of birth in Europe	80	21,205
Africa	70	152,205
Algeria	0	44,925
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	6,190
Egypt	20	12,245
Eritrea	0	500
Ethiopia	0	750
Morocco	20	37,215
Nigeria	0	1,435
Somalia	0	405
South Africa, Republic of	0	585
Other places of birth in Africa	25	47,960
Asia	210	202,715
Afghanistan	0	1,250
Iran⁸⁸	55	13,990
Iraq	0	2,140
Lebanon	10	20,215
Syria⁸⁹	0	13,495
Turkey	10	4,490
China⁹⁰	70	32,815
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	2,925
Korea, South⁹²	0	3,400
Taiwan	0	1,600
Philippines	10	24,690
Viet Nam	0	17,570
Bangladesh	0	7,255
India	15	17,345
Pakistan	0	6,560
Sri Lanka	0	7,850
Other places of birth in Asia	10	25,115
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	1,055
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	90	114,110
Americas	10	16,945
Brazil	0	1,235
Colombia	0	1,390
Haiti	0	5,550
Jamaica	0	145
Mexico	0	1,410
United States of America	0	2,625
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	960
Other places of birth in Americas	0	3,620
Europe	35	19,140
France	0	12,165
Germany	0	280
Ireland⁹⁶	0	55
Italy	0	450
Russian Federation	0	790
Ukraine	0	850
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	570
Other places of birth in Europe	0	3,985
Africa	0	36,195
Algeria	0	10,255
Burundi	0	740
Cameroon	0	3,675
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	1,515
Côte d'Ivoire	0	1,720
Egypt	0	1,595
Eritrea	0	275
Ethiopia	0	90
Morocco	0	5,600
Nigeria	0	705
Somalia	0	50
South Africa, Republic of	0	125
Sudan⁹⁷	0	85
Tunisia	0	3,510
Other places of birth in Africa	0	6,265
Asia	35	41,495
Afghanistan	0	210
Bangladesh	0	985
China⁹⁰	25	6,885
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	80
India	0	6,325
Iran⁸⁸	10	3,085
Iraq	0	315
Israel	0	255
Japan	0	190
Jordan	0	405
Korea, South⁹²	0	920
Lebanon	0	1,820
Nepal	0	180
Pakistan	0	1,145
Philippines	0	6,655
Saudi Arabia	0	970
Sri Lanka	0	530
Syria⁸⁹	0	6,485
Turkey	0	575
United Arab Emirates	0	690
Viet Nam	0	1,075
Other places of birth in Asia	0	1,715
Oceania and other⁹³	0	330
Australia	0	220
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	110
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	3,660	1,959,355
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,160	813,905
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,015	424,225
Third generation or more¹⁰²	1,490	721,230
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	665	544,455
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	445	303,105
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	230	151,015
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	215	152,090
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	175	146,645
Refugees¹⁰⁸	40	85,165
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	9,540
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	665	544,455
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	53,655
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	135	56,685
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	50	13,690
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	65	27,800
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	4,820
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	395	387,815
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	3,660	1,959,355
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	525	737,510
South Asian	45	91,370
Chinese	160	69,985
Black	50	208,805
Filipino	20	33,365
Arab	55	151,890
Latin American	55	82,550
Southeast Asian	0	40,535
West Asian	50	22,800
Korean	30	6,755
Japanese	20	3,165
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	6,515
Multiple visible minorities	0	19,790
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	3,135	1,221,845
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	3,660	1,959,355
Canadian	445	241,015
English	495	59,710
Irish	615	102,325
Scottish	500	61,620
French, n.o.s.¹²²	745	336,880
German	390	40,360
Chinese	170	74,630
Italian	500	156,025
Indian (India)	50	44,170
Ukrainian	50	19,025
Dutch	80	8,425
Polish	190	33,540
Québécois	55	108,910
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	115	17,025
Filipino	15	32,035
French Canadian	150	66,400
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	50	22,690
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	30	16,815
Métis	15	3,975
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	125	26,895
Russian	60	28,610
Norwegian	20	2,940
Welsh	35	5,170
Portuguese	30	25,490
American	90	14,530
Spanish	95	35,975
Swedish	25	3,195
Hungarian	45	12,160
Acadian	30	12,695
Pakistani	0	10,350
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	35,410
Jewish	30	47,415
Punjabi	0	6,510
Vietnamese	0	28,910
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	45	56,950
Greek	65	33,345
Jamaican	20	6,870
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	10,015
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	855
Korean	30	6,970
Romanian	30	21,785
Lebanese	35	36,445
Iranian	125	17,805
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	20	13,200
Danish	25	2,385
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	3,940
Sikh	0	3,940
Austrian	10	5,105
Belgian	20	12,360
Haitian	0	82,590
Hindu	0	6,600
Mexican	45	16,720
Mennonite	0	440
Swiss	35	6,515
Finnish	0	1,335
Sri Lankan	0	8,775
Croatian	20	2,910
Japanese	25	4,325
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	2,085
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	2,570
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	1,545
Muslim	0	9,200
Egyptian	30	16,840
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	13,270
Tamil	0	5,565
Icelandic	0	470
Colombian	0	12,570
Moroccan	45	44,795
Czech	25	3,180
Syrian	20	16,220
Guyanese	0	1,945
Afghan	0	2,110
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	7,980
Serbian	30	2,255
Ojibway	0	280
Newfoundlander	0	490
Hong Konger	0	1,150
Ontarian	0	940
Persian	0	5,920
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	3,510
Turkish	10	9,430
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	940
Bangladeshi	0	9,090
Algerian	0	41,695
Brazilian	0	7,115
Nigerian	0	2,105
Armenian	25	13,180
Slovak	0	1,985
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	4,850
Somali	0	1,170
Taiwanese	0	2,250
Iraqi	0	2,605
Salvadorean	0	9,285
African Caribbean	0	5,650
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	2,030
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	4,005
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	5,325
Algonquin	0	1,880
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	2,160
Lithuanian	20	3,120
South African	20	600
Australian	30	1,030
Palestinian	0	4,225
Chilean	10	6,405
Congolese	0	10,140
Nova Scotian	0	575
Ethiopian	0	1,035
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	3,465
Peruvian	10	9,000
Yoruba	0	1,970
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	9,015
Berber	0	20,455
Albanian	0	2,770
Maltese	0	425
Macedonian	15	380
Slovenian	30	1,145
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	2,465
New Brunswicker	0	965
Gujarati	0	1,145
Eritrean	0	625
African Canadian	0	1,440
Israeli	0	5,435
Mohawk	0	1,560
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	735
Bulgarian	20	4,915
Albertan	0	110
Ghanaian	0	2,070
Barbadian	25	2,935
African American	0	1,775
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	950
Tunisian	0	12,345
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	1,615
Cuban	0	4,040
Bosnian	0	585
Venezuelan	0	4,235
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	1,680
Latvian	0	1,070
Bengali	0	3,725
Cameroonian	0	6,890
Guatemalan	0	5,005
Indonesian	0	1,170
Laotian	0	2,605
Ilocano	0	1,285
Northern Irish	0	420
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	720
British Columbian	0	100
Ecuadorian	0	1,295
Franco Ontarian	0	785
Argentinian	0	3,065
Estonian	15	530
Kurdish	0	1,570
Fijian	0	15
Jatt	0	465
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	790
Coptic	0	2,740
Thai	0	1,255
Dominican	0	5,545
Nepali	0	485
Kabyle	0	11,165
Assyrian	0	470
Igbo	0	635
Byelorussian	0	1,360
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	25
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	110
Abenaki	0	1,795
Moldovan	0	3,845
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	1,200
New Zealander	0	315
Sudanese	0	360
Breton	0	3,980
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	50
Malaysian	0	415
Plains Cree	0	35
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	6,070
Huron (Wendat)	0	1,480
Saskatchewanian	0	75
Buddhist	0	790
Gaspesian	0	1,640
Norman	0	1,915
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	315
Ivorian	0	3,465
Saulteaux	0	35
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	145
Burundian	0	2,185
Tigrinya	0	375
Nicaraguan	0	1,320
Mauritian	0	2,165
Kenyan	0	240
Oji-Cree	0	30
Vincentian	0	2,385
Jordanian	0	910
Manitoban	0	115
Cape Bretoner	0	70
Rwandan	0	2,250
Grenadian	0	1,040
Malayali	0	385
Chaldean	0	120
Sinhalese	0	395
Mayan	0	1,770
Honduran	0	2,345
Cherokee	0	230
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	20
Indo-Caribbean	0	340
Flemish	0	560
United Empire Loyalist	0	140
Senegalese	0	3,210
Azerbaijani	0	675
Sicilian	0	1,080
Pashtun	0	505
Malay	0	345
Goan	0	200
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	1,755
Tibetan	0	145
Zimbabwean	0	205
Burmese	0	245
Mongolian	0	650
Azorean	0	735
Atikamekw	0	330
Bamileke	0	2,250
Indo-Guyanese	0	140
Ugandan	0	115
Oromo	0	50
Tanzanian	0	195
Yemeni	0	620
Central African	0	1,450
Libyan	0	660
Basque	0	1,090
Uruguayan	0	875
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	585
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	900
Igorot	0	335
Fulani	0	2,470
Woodland Cree	0	0
Guinean	0	2,760
St. Lucian	0	310
Prince Edward Islander	0	0
Maliseet	0	215
Beninese	0	2,100
Telugu	0	185
Roma	0	260
Costa Rican	0	800
African Nova Scotian	0	235
Malagasy	0	1,680
Kashmiri	0	115
Singaporean	0	100
Karen	0	10
Edo	0	335
Tajik	0	145
Amhara	0	115
Paraguayan	0	100
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	3,660	1,959,360
Buddhist	0	28,350
Christian	2,115	969,945
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	195	116,635
Anabaptist	0	280
Anglican	185	14,835
Baptist	0	12,890
Catholic	1,260	675,695
Christian Orthodox	155	68,635
Jehovah's Witness	0	7,225
Latter Day Saints	0	1,220
Lutheran	40	2,255
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	1,055
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	16,130
Presbyterian	55	3,910
Reformed	0	410
United Church	80	6,810
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	135	41,965
Hindu	25	35,615
Jewish	60	73,900
Muslim	135	233,440
Sikh	0	17,820
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	220
Other religions and spiritual traditions	30	9,925
No religion and secular perspectives	1,285	590,140
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	3,650	1,940,495
Non-movers	3,285	1,685,130
Movers	370	255,365
Non-migrants	115	186,805
Migrants	255	68,560
Internal migrants	200	37,680
Intraprovincial migrants	140	27,865
Interprovincial migrants	65	9,810
External migrants	50	30,885
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	3,535	1,860,375
Non-movers	2,465	1,038,900
Movers	1,070	821,475
Non-migrants	155	433,700
Migrants	915	387,770
Internal migrants	740	190,035
Intraprovincial migrants	600	159,710
Interprovincial migrants	140	30,325
External migrants	180	197,735
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	3,155	1,650,135
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	255	274,820
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	2,900	1,375,315
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,700	1,097,000
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	60	121,295
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,640	975,700
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	3,150	1,650,135
No certificate, diploma or degree	240	247,460
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	525	319,755
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,390	1,082,915
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	740	473,060
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	125	146,170
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	90	106,110
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	35	40,055
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	545	260,845
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	70	66,045
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,650	609,855
Bachelor's degree	800	344,605
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	115	58,945
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	16,885
Master's degree	465	159,510
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	165	29,905
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,700	1,097,000
No certificate, diploma or degree	55	102,815
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	155	162,205
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,495	831,975
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	375	333,160
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	75	110,390
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	50	81,090
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	29,300
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	260	174,185
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	40	48,580
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,120	498,815
Bachelor's degree	555	276,640
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	70	48,390
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55	12,900
Master's degree	335	137,150
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	100	23,735
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	3,150	1,650,135
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	760	567,220
Education	140	56,030
13. Education	140	56,030
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	85	69,210
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	8,075
50. Visual and performing arts	75	61,135
Humanities	245	78,920
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	15,135
23. English language and literature/letters	50	8,800
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	80	28,165
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	935
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	5,015
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	2,225
54. History	25	6,815
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	11,835
Social and behavioural sciences and law	355	157,220
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	2,145
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	23,760
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	25	18,245
22. Legal professions and studies	50	28,365
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	4,005
42. Psychology	75	21,400
45. Social sciences	140	59,300
Business, management and public administration	505	248,895
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	230
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	11,535
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	495	237,125
Physical and life sciences and technologies	240	57,445
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	85	23,060
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	10,555
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	5,355
40. Physical sciences	85	16,655
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	1,825
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	120	65,435
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	95	53,075
25. Library science	0	3,720
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	7,120
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	1,515
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	330	173,380
04. Architecture and related services	15	13,085
14. Engineering	215	78,800
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	35	27,365
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	65
46. Construction trades	15	21,310
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	35	20,645
48. Precision production	20	12,110
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	45	11,685
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	30	7,725
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	3,960
Health and related fields	285	122,295
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	30	6,950
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	200	109,185
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	235
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	5,925
Personal, protective and transportation services	35	42,230
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	20	26,800
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	45
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	170
43. Security and protective services	0	6,855
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	8,355
Other¹⁷⁹	0	180
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,700	1,097,000
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	210	265,025
Education	60	38,405
13. Education	60	38,405
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	60	54,840
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	6,635
50. Visual and performing arts	60	48,205
Humanities	125	52,565
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	11,310
23. English language and literature/letters	20	6,465
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	16,385
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	625
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	3,605
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	1,295
54. History	0	4,965
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	7,920
Social and behavioural sciences and law	215	121,985
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	1,715
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	20,165
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	14,380
22. Legal professions and studies	40	22,425
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	2,935
42. Psychology	45	15,795
45. Social sciences	80	44,580
Business, management and public administration	345	199,525
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	8,920
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	340	190,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	125	37,905
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	60	18,535
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	4,885
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	1,385
40. Physical sciences	50	11,860
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	1,240
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	85	53,860
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	75	45,135
25. Library science	0	2,550
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	5,175
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	1,000
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	225	137,395
04. Architecture and related services	15	10,855
14. Engineering	150	66,210
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	25	20,510
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	65
46. Construction trades	15	16,030
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	15,275
48. Precision production	10	8,455
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	30	9,845
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	20	6,465
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	3,380
Health and related fields	185	92,595
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	20	5,570
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	130	82,410
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	185
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	4,425
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	32,910
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	20,670
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	40
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	95
43. Security and protective services	0	5,410
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	6,695
Other¹⁷⁹	0	140
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	1,700	1,097,000
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	210	265,025
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	1,495	831,975
Location of study inside Canada	1,150	598,455
Same as province or territory of residence	990	566,540
Different than province or territory of residence	160	31,915
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	345	233,520
Americas	95	41,560
United States of America	85	13,525
Mexico	10	5,165
Cuba	0	1,440
Haiti	0	5,155
Jamaica	0	130
Brazil	0	4,100
Colombia	0	3,860
Peru	0	1,475
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	1,870
Other locations of study in Americas	0	4,850
Europe	165	74,705
Belgium	0	1,865
France	65	43,480
Germany	20	1,240
Netherlands	0	525
Switzerland	0	1,085
Hungary	0	230
Moldova¹⁸³	0	2,155
Poland	0	965
Romania	10	4,030
Russian Federation	0	2,965
Ukraine	0	2,410
Ireland⁹⁶	0	330
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	5,815
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	130
Italy	0	1,460
Serbia⁸⁶	0	145
Other locations of study in Europe	20	5,870
Africa	20	50,645
Nigeria	0	1,430
Algeria	0	19,530
Morocco	0	9,845
Tunisia	0	4,725
Egypt	10	3,655
South Africa, Republic of	10	345
Other locations of study in Africa	0	11,115
Asia	55	65,125
Iran⁸⁸	15	7,025
Iraq	0	425
Israel	0	950
Lebanon	0	4,800
Syria⁸⁹	0	3,465
Turkey	0	825
China⁹⁰	25	13,220
Taiwan	0	440
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	275
Japan	0	905
Korea, South⁹²	0	1,625
Philippines	0	10,585
Viet Nam	0	1,225
Bangladesh	0	2,070
Sri Lanka	0	715
India	0	10,915
Pakistan	0	1,410
Other locations of study in Asia	0	4,240
Oceania	0	1,475
Australia	0	1,210
New Zealand	0	225
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	50
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	3,150	1,650,135
In the labour force	1,880	1,081,640
Employed	1,710	971,245
Unemployed	165	110,395
Not in the labour force	1,275	568,495
Participation rate	59.7	65.5
Employment rate	54.3	58.9
Unemployment rate	8.8	10.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	3,150	1,650,135
Did not work¹⁸⁶	1,270	582,470
Worked	1,885	1,067,665
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	995	529,400
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	890	538,265
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.3	39.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	1,875	1,081,635
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	70	31,515
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	1,810	1,050,120
Employee	1,375	907,745
Permanent position	1,075	741,830
Temporary position	300	165,915
Fixed term (1 year or more)	115	69,690
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	190	96,225
Self-employed¹⁹²	440	142,380
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	1,875	1,081,635
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	70	31,515
All occupations¹⁹¹	1,810	1,050,120
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	110	19,090
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	360	207,660
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	195	114,775
3 Health occupations	160	85,545
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	265	140,500
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	60	61,790
6 Sales and service occupations	440	263,055
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	165	109,555
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	15	5,775
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	40	42,380
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	1,875	1,081,635
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	70	31,515
All industries¹⁹¹	1,810	1,050,120
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	3,250
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	1,355
22 Utilities	0	5,585
23 Construction	80	37,460
31-33 Manufacturing	195	86,535
41 Wholesale trade	125	42,365
44-45 Retail trade	175	111,555
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	75	56,160
51 Information and cultural industries	40	43,110
52 Finance and insurance	65	53,430
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	35	20,440
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	270	130,405
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	2,130
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	80	49,530
61 Educational services	225	95,290
62 Health care and social assistance	195	142,545
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	40	23,355
72 Accommodation and food services	95	59,510
81 Other services (except public administration)	40	43,990
91 Public administration	35	42,120
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	2,015	1,148,440
English	635	201,310
French	180	416,430
Non-official language	0	8,105
Indigenous³⁹	0	10
Non-Indigenous	0	8,100
English and French	1,100	473,485
English and non-official language(s)	25	12,600
French and non-official language(s)	0	7,410
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	28,645
Multiple non-official languages	0	455
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	2,015	1,148,440
Single responses	1,795	1,022,255
Official languages	1,780	1,007,600
English	1,280	361,715
French	500	645,885
Non-official languages	20	14,660
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	30
Algonquian languages	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	30
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	20	14,625
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	1,450
Berber languages	0	25
Kabyle	0	25
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	0	1,425
Amharic	0	0
Arabic	0	1,275
Aramaic languages	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Hebrew	0	125
Tigrigna	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	1,250
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	175
Vietnamese	0	1,075
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	125
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	10
Indonesian	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	95
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Creole languages	0	210
Haitian Creole	0	210
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	95
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	10
Tamil	0	85
Telugu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	6,880
Albanian	0	10
Armenian	0	85
Balto-Slavic languages	0	675
Baltic languages	0	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	0	675
Bulgarian	0	35
Czech	0	0
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	0	95
Russian	0	485
Serbo-Croatian	0	15
Bosnian	0	0
Croatian	0	0
Serbian	0	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	0	45
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	0	850
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	0	815
German	0	115
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	0
Yiddish	0	700
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	10
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	0	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	25
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	10
Swedish	0	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	0	205
Indo-Iranian languages	0	1,905
Indo-Aryan languages	0	1,550
Bengali	0	85
Gujarati	0	30
Hindi	0	125
Kacchi	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	1,200
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	0	110
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	0	355
Kurdish	0	0
Pashto	0	25
Persian languages	0	325
Dari	0	20
Iranian Persian	0	295
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	3,155
Catalan	0	0
Italian	0	330
Portuguese	0	275
Romanian	0	110
Spanish	0	2,425
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	0	130
Korean	0	280
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	50
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Swahili	0	15
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sign languages	0	90
American Sign Language	0	25
Quebec Sign Language	0	60
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	3,935
Chinese languages	0	3,935
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	0	2,645
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	60
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	1,215
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0
Burmese	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	15
Lao	0	0
Thai	0	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	0	90
Azerbaijani	0	0
Turkish	0	90
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	0	15
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	0
Hungarian	0	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	220	126,180
English and French	210	116,535
English and non-official language(s)	10	3,595
French and non-official language(s)	0	2,450
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	3,555
Multiple non-official languages	0	45
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	2,015	1,148,440
None	1,020	743,180
English	320	219,885
French	590	149,470
Non-official language	25	16,645
Indigenous³⁹	0	90
Non-Indigenous	25	16,555
English and French	0	1,270
English and non-official language(s)	0	9,295
French and non-official language(s)	50	6,620
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	190
Multiple non-official languages	0	1,895
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	1,710	971,245
Worked at home	725	298,820
Worked outside Canada	0	3,270
No fixed workplace address	110	89,120
Usual place of work	870	580,035
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	870	580,035
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	230	427,475
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	515	91,735
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	110	58,865
Commute to a different province or territory	10	1,955
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	980	669,150
Car, truck or van	820	395,615
Car, truck or van - as a driver	740	365,770
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	75	29,845
Public transit	50	177,860
Walked	30	61,160
Bicycle	40	21,435
Other method	45	13,090
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	980	669,150
Less than 15 minutes	240	125,240
15 to 29 minutes	390	241,005
30 to 44 minutes	210	176,925
45 to 59 minutes	75	67,635
60 minutes and over	60	58,350
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	980	669,150
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35	38,800
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	120	95,270
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	235	166,695
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	295	149,185
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	200	106,855
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	95	112,350
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	710	371,310
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	525	109,065
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190	262,245
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	590	264,905
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	445	82,880
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	350	67,535
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	95	15,350
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	145	182,020

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 10, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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