Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Dollard-Des Ormeaux, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	48,403	...	...
Population, 2016¹	48,899	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 1.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	17,763	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	17,383	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,230.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	14.98	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	48,405	23,590	24,815
0 to 14 years	7,890	4,050	3,840
0 to 4 years	2,245	1,135	1,105
5 to 9 years	2,675	1,385	1,290
10 to 14 years	2,970	1,525	1,445
15 to 64 years	30,235	14,840	15,395
15 to 19 years	3,035	1,550	1,490
20 to 24 years	3,205	1,680	1,525
25 to 29 years	2,625	1,390	1,235
30 to 34 years	2,480	1,185	1,300
35 to 39 years	2,785	1,355	1,420
40 to 44 years	3,005	1,405	1,605
45 to 49 years	3,035	1,430	1,605
50 to 54 years	3,220	1,525	1,690
55 to 59 years	3,515	1,735	1,780
60 to 64 years	3,325	1,580	1,740
65 years and over	10,275	4,700	5,575
65 to 69 years	3,025	1,400	1,630
70 to 74 years	2,785	1,315	1,470
75 to 79 years	2,000	940	1,065
80 to 84 years	1,270	570	695
85 years and over	1,195	485	715
85 to 89 years	700	300	395
90 to 94 years	420	170	255
95 to 99 years	60	15	45
100 years and over	15	0	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.2	15.5
15 to 64 years	62.5	62.9	62.0
65 years and over	21.2	19.9	22.5
85 years and over	2.5	2.1	2.9
Average age of the population	42.7	41.7	43.7
Median age of the population	43.6	42.0	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	17,385	...	...
Single-detached house	9,860	...	...
Semi-detached house	355	...	...
Row house	2,895	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	40	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,805	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,430	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	17,385	...	...
1 person	3,700	...	...
2 persons	5,370	...	...
3 persons	2,960	...	...
4 persons	3,215	...	...
5 or more persons	2,125	...	...
Number of persons in private households	47,925	23,425	24,495
Average household size	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	40,515	19,545	20,970
Married or living common-law	23,680	11,810	11,870
Married	21,440	10,690	10,745
Living common-law	2,235	1,115	1,120
Living common law - Never married	1,530	755	780
Living common law - Separated	65	35	30
Living common law - Divorced	575	295	285
Living common law - Widowed	60	25	35
Not married and not living common-law	16,840	7,735	9,105
Not married and not living common law - Never married	11,545	6,195	5,350
Not married and not living common law - Separated	655	235	420
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,385	820	1,565
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,255	490	1,760
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	13,750	...	...
2 persons	5,815	...	...
3 persons	3,060	...	...
4 persons	3,300	...	...
5 or more persons	1,570	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	13,750	...	...
Total couple families	11,595	...	...
Married couples	10,480	...	...
With children⁶	6,555	...	...
Without children	3,925	...	...
Common-law couples	1,115	...	...
With children⁶	490	...	...
Without children	620	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,150	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,715	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	435	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	47,925	23,425	24,500
Total - Persons in census families	42,370	21,050	21,320
Married spouses or common-law partners	23,190	11,585	11,605
Parents in one-parent families	2,155	440	1,715
Children⁶	17,025	9,030	7,995
In a two-parent family	13,645	7,165	6,480
In a one-parent family	3,380	1,860	1,515
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,555	2,375	3,180
Living alone	3,705	1,545	2,155
Living with other relatives⁷	1,145	420	720
Living with non-relatives only	710	400	305
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	17,380	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	12,095	...	...
Couple-family households	10,390	...	...
With children⁶	6,300	...	...
Without children	4,095	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,705	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	730	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	90	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	375	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	395	...	...
One-person households	3,700	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	40,045	19,380	20,660
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,380	18,570	19,805
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	42,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,385	18,570	19,810
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	37,200	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,435	16,970	17,465
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	37,200	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,655	14,165	13,495
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,000	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,590	14,345	17,245
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,100	11,200	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,735	1,680	2,055
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,480	5,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,095	6,775	6,315
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	40,045	19,390	20,655
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,435	18,620	19,810
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,950	65,100	45,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,435	18,620	19,820
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,480	49,400	37,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,605	17,085	17,525
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,480	61,100	38,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,660	14,215	13,440
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,000	61,350	40,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,375	14,190	17,190
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,710	11,900	13,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,630	1,720	1,915
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,900	5,875	7,830
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,000	6,670	6,330
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,220	9,200	9,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	40,045	19,390	20,655
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,850	7,035	5,815
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	71,000	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,400	97,000	64,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	11,505	5,495	6,015
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,900	17,600	14,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,160	29,480	23,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.2	86.0	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.8	72.0	59.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.9	13.9	25.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.3	5.5	7.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.7	5.1	6.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	40,045	19,385	20,665
Without total income	1,665	810	850
With total income	38,380	18,570	19,810
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,370	1,475	1,895
$10,000 to $19,999	4,830	2,090	2,740
$20,000 to $29,999	6,410	2,935	3,480
$30,000 to $39,999	4,940	2,270	2,675
$40,000 to $49,999	4,285	1,980	2,305
$50,000 to $59,999	3,310	1,480	1,835
$60,000 to $69,999	2,420	1,175	1,245
$70,000 to $79,999	1,850	945	905
$80,000 to $89,999	1,480	760	720
$90,000 to $99,999	1,155	615	540
$100,000 and over	4,330	2,860	1,470
$100,000 to $149,999	2,670	1,610	1,060
$150,000 and over	1,660	1,250	410
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	40,045	19,385	20,665
Without after-tax income	1,660	810	850
With after-tax income	38,380	18,570	19,810
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,570	1,535	2,030
$10,000 to $19,999	5,090	2,235	2,855
$20,000 to $29,999	7,495	3,485	4,005
$30,000 to $39,999	5,925	2,755	3,170
$40,000 to $49,999	4,805	2,210	2,600
$50,000 to $59,999	3,410	1,620	1,790
$60,000 to $69,999	2,360	1,195	1,165
$70,000 to $79,999	1,680	865	810
$80,000 to $89,999	1,165	665	500
$90,000 to $99,999	745	440	300
$100,000 and over	2,140	1,565	580
$100,000 to $124,999	970	655	320
$125,000 and over	1,175	910	260
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	40,045	19,385	20,665
Without employment income	12,390	5,220	7,165
With employment income	27,660	14,160	13,495
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,240	2,110	2,125
$5,000 to $9,999	2,645	1,185	1,455
$10,000 to $19,999	3,465	1,650	1,815
$20,000 to $29,999	2,610	1,235	1,375
$30,000 to $39,999	2,440	1,115	1,320
$40,000 to $49,999	2,400	1,155	1,245
$50,000 to $59,999	1,860	910	950
$60,000 to $69,999	1,470	755	715
$70,000 to $79,999	1,205	655	555
$80,000 to $89,999	1,245	645	595
$90,000 to $99,999	775	445	330
$100,000 and over	3,305	2,300	1,010
$100,000 to $124,999	1,300	810	490
$125,000 and over	2,005	1,485	515
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	40,045	19,380	20,660
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,405	18,090	19,315
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	41,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,430	18,095	19,335
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,400	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,080	16,795	17,285
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,600	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,705	14,180	13,530
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,000	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,195	12,475	15,725
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,240	3,480	8,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,355	1,010	1,345
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	4,240	6,700
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	40,045	19,390	20,655
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,430	18,125	19,295
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,100	61,950	42,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,435	18,135	19,300
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,480	47,440	35,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,085	16,810	17,275
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,880	61,100	38,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,625	14,170	13,455
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,480	60,250	40,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,015	12,370	15,650
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,960	7,750	9,910
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,210	975	1,235
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,430	6,460	10,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	40,045	19,390	20,655
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,765	6,985	5,780
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	67,000	51,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,300	90,300	59,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,750	5,175	5,575
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800	23,800	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,040	35,600	28,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.2	91.4	81.2
Employment income (%)	71.4	76.0	65.4
Government transfers (%)	12.9	8.5	18.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.6	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	17,385	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,700	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	13,680	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	17,380	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	121,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,685	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,560	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	13,700	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	139,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	17,385	...	...
Under $5,000	150	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	110	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	200	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	550	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	480	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	480	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	550	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	580	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	555	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,150	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,110	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,070	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,055	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,000	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,270	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,210	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,615	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,090	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,350	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	17,385	...	...
Under $5,000	190	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	110	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	225	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	585	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	575	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	585	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	685	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	695	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	665	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,375	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,335	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,285	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,295	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,160	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,550	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,235	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,610	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	13,465	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,120	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,060	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,950	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,410	1,955	2,460
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	40,400	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	35,600	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	13,500	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,180	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,005	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	169,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,960	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	99,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,380	2,075	2,300
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,440	53,450	47,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,840	42,240	39,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	47,925	23,425	24,500
0 to 17 years	9,755	5,005	4,755
0 to 5 years	2,760	1,400	1,355
18 to 64 years	28,340	13,870	14,470
65 years and over	9,830	4,555	5,275
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,985	1,880	2,100
0 to 17 years	785	415	370
0 to 5 years	245	145	100
18 to 64 years	1,975	990	980
65 years and over	1,225	475	755
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.3	8.0	8.6
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	8.3	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	9.0	10.4	7.5
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	7.2	6.8
65 years and over (%)	12.5	10.4	14.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	47,925	23,425	24,500
0 to 17 years	9,750	5,000	4,750
0 to 5 years	2,755	1,405	1,355
18 to 64 years	28,345	13,870	14,470
65 years and over	9,835	4,555	5,280
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,185	1,075	1,110
0 to 17 years	415	220	195
0 to 5 years	115	70	40
18 to 64 years	1,340	690	650
65 years and over	435	165	265
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.6	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3	4.4	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	4.1	5.0	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.7	5.0	4.5
65 years and over (%)	4.4	3.6	5.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	47,925	23,425	24,500
In bottom half of the distribution	22,340	10,700	11,635
In bottom decile	3,275	1,565	1,715
In second decile	4,050	1,905	2,145
In third decile	4,710	2,205	2,510
In fourth decile	5,180	2,545	2,640
In fifth decile	5,125	2,495	2,635
In top half of the distribution	25,585	12,725	12,865
In sixth decile	5,330	2,615	2,710
In seventh decile	5,075	2,520	2,555
In eighth decile	5,190	2,590	2,605
In ninth decile	4,890	2,435	2,455
In top decile	5,105	2,570	2,535
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	47,925	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.350	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.468	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.294	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	48,200	23,525	24,670
English only	13,190	6,430	6,760
French only	2,280	930	1,350
English and French	31,645	15,775	15,870
Neither English nor French	1,080	395	690
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	48,200	23,525	24,670
English	31,460	15,510	15,945
French	10,140	4,825	5,310
English and French	5,555	2,815	2,745
Neither English nor French	1,040	375	670
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	48,200	23,525	24,670
Single responses	43,725	21,305	22,425
Official languages	25,315	12,435	12,875
English	18,120	8,935	9,180
French	7,195	3,500	3,695
Non-official languages	18,415	8,865	9,550
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,410	8,865	9,545
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,480	1,765	1,710
Berber languages	85	45	40
Kabyle	70	40	30
Tamazight	15	10	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	5	0	5
Cushitic languages	5	0	5
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	3,385	1,715	1,665
Amharic	20	5	10
Arabic	3,065	1,555	1,515
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	295	155	140
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	310	140	165
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	25	30
Vietnamese	245	110	135
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,125	460	665
Bikol	10	5	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	5
Cebuano	15	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	30	15	15
Ilocano	95	40	60
Indonesian	15	5	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	5	5	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	10
Pangasinan	5	0	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	915	375	545
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5
Creole languages	300	135	170
Haitian Creole	200	85	120
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	60	35	25
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	5	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5
Dravidian languages	995	495	495
Kannada	20	10	10
Malayalam	40	20	15
Tamil	930	465	465
Telugu	15	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,230	4,940	5,285
Albanian	30	15	20
Armenian	410	205	210
Balto-Slavic languages	1,290	590	700
Baltic languages	10	5	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	5	5
Slavic languages	1,275	585	695
Belarusian	0	5	0
Bulgarian	85	45	40
Czech	20	10	10
Macedonian	5	5	0
Polish	385	165	215
Russian	525	235	290
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	120	65	55
Bosnian	15	10	5
Croatian	70	40	30
Serbian	30	15	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	30	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15
Ukrainian	90	35	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	310	140	170
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	250	120	130
German	200	90	110
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	5
Yiddish	40	25	20
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	15	30
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	40	15	25
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10
Danish	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	1,050	505	545
Indo-Iranian languages	3,950	2,005	1,950
Indo-Aryan languages	3,025	1,520	1,505
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	115	60	55
Gujarati	695	325	370
Hindi	285	140	145
Kacchi	0	0	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	0
Marathi	10	5	10
Nepali	5	0	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,215	650	570
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	15	20
Urdu	615	300	315
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10
Iranian languages	925	485	440
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	5	5	0
Pashto	20	10	10
Persian languages	900	465	430
Dari	100	55	45
Iranian Persian	730	375	360
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	65	35	30
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,185	1,490	1,695
Catalan	5	0	5
Italian	1,205	550	650
Portuguese	280	130	155
Romanian	550	270	280
Spanish	1,150	540	610
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	35	5	25
Korean	120	55	65
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	115	60	50
Akan (Twi)	45	25	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	5
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5
Lingala	5	5	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	5	5	5
Yoruba	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,435	685	755
Chinese languages	1,435	680	755
Hakka	15	10	10
Mandarin	1,025	485	535
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10
Yue (Cantonese)	335	165	170
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5
Lao	10	5	5
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	95	40	55
Azerbaijani	5	5	5
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	80	35	45
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	155	65	90
Estonian	5	0	0
Finnish	5	0	5
Hungarian	150	65	85
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	4,470	2,225	2,245
English and French	1,280	685	600
English and non-official language(s)	1,700	835	865
French and non-official language(s)	625	300	325
English, French and non-official language(s)	675	325	350
Multiple non-official languages	190	80	115
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	48,200	23,525	24,670
English	19,700	9,730	9,970
French	4,460	2,160	2,305
Non-official language	5,555	2,690	2,865
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	5,555	2,690	2,865
English and French	4,125	2,105	2,020
English and non-official language(s)	7,220	3,520	3,700
French and non-official language(s)	1,595	705	885
English, French and non-official language(s)	5,150	2,430	2,715
Multiple non-official languages	400	185	215
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	48,200	23,525	24,670
Single responses	43,140	21,075	22,060
Official languages	32,440	15,880	16,560
English	25,925	12,775	13,145
French	6,520	3,105	3,415
Non-official languages	10,695	5,195	5,500
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,695	5,195	5,500
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,945	940	1,005
Berber languages	35	10	20
Kabyle	25	10	15
Tamazight	10	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	10	0	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,905	925	980
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	1,825	890	935
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	75	35	40
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	195	95	105
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	15
Vietnamese	160	75	85
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	665	300	370
Bikol	5	5	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	10	5
Ilocano	60	25	30
Indonesian	10	5	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10
Pangasinan	5	0	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	545	240	305
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	140	60	80
Haitian Creole	70	25	45
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	45	25	20
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Dravidian languages	790	390	400
Kannada	10	5	10
Malayalam	15	5	10
Tamil	760	375	380
Telugu	5	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,600	2,750	2,850
Albanian	15	5	10
Armenian	240	110	130
Balto-Slavic languages	705	325	380
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	705	325	380
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	65	35	30
Czech	10	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	185	80	100
Russian	365	175	195
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20
Bosnian	5	5	5
Croatian	15	5	10
Serbian	15	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	5	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	5	15
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	5	10
German	15	5	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	370	175	200
Indo-Iranian languages	2,900	1,465	1,435
Indo-Aryan languages	2,150	1,090	1,065
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	70	35	35
Gujarati	480	225	250
Hindi	185	90	100
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	955	500	450
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	10
Urdu	425	215	205
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Iranian languages	745	380	370
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	5
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	5
Persian languages	730	370	360
Dari	85	50	35
Iranian Persian	595	290	300
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	30	25
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,350	655	690
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	185	90	100
Portuguese	120	60	65
Romanian	355	175	175
Spanish	690	335	355
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	5	10
Korean	85	45	45
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	15
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	10
American Sign Language	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,095	535	565
Chinese languages	1,095	535	565
Hakka	5	5	5
Mandarin	835	405	430
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	5	10
Yue (Cantonese)	220	110	115
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5
Lao	5	0	5
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	60	30	30
Azerbaijani	5	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	50	25	30
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	15	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	15	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	5,060	2,455	2,610
English and French	1,320	665	655
English and non-official language(s)	2,265	1,100	1,165
French and non-official language(s)	635	300	335
English, French and non-official language(s)	785	360	425
Multiple non-official languages	60	25	35
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	48,200	23,525	24,670
None	33,305	16,325	16,980
English	3,550	1,755	1,795
French	3,310	1,650	1,660
Non-official language	4,025	1,890	2,135
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	4,025	1,890	2,135
English and French	1,255	615	640
English and non-official language(s)	925	435	495
French and non-official language(s)	1,345	620	720
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	85	80
Multiple non-official languages	315	155	160
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	47,925	23,425	24,495
Official languages	46,970	23,095	23,875
English	44,730	22,140	22,590
French	33,860	16,580	17,280
Non-official languages	26,930	13,115	13,820
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,925	13,115	13,815
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,915	3,475	3,440
Berber languages	90	60	30
Kabyle	80	55	25
Tamazight	10	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	20	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	10	10
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	15	10	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	6,850	3,440	3,410
Amharic	20	10	0
Arabic	5,565	2,810	2,755
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,355	685	675
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	440	230	210
Khmer (Cambodian)	105	60	45
Vietnamese	335	170	160
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,750	735	1,015
Bikol	25	15	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	10
Cebuano	45	15	30
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	40	15	25
Ilocano	195	90	100
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	10
Pangasinan	15	10	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,705	700	1,005
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20
Creole languages	830	375	465
Haitian Creole	625	290	340
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	120	45	70
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	100	40	55
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15
Dravidian languages	1,340	670	675
Kannada	70	45	25
Malayalam	115	50	60
Tamil	1,200	590	610
Telugu	15	0	10
Tulu	10	10	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	14,585	7,140	7,435
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	535	280	255
Balto-Slavic languages	1,635	775	860
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,630	775	855
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	85	50	30
Czech	55	35	20
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	485	235	245
Russian	760	345	415
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	145	75	75
Bosnian	10	0	10
Croatian	115	60	55
Serbian	40	20	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	50	20	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	20	10
Ukrainian	195	85	115
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	725	335	390
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	665	310	355
German	510	225	285
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	10	0
Yiddish	145	70	75
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	25	30
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	45	15	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	15
Danish	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	25	15	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	1,710	860	855
Indo-Iranian languages	5,150	2,640	2,505
Indo-Aryan languages	4,090	2,095	2,000
Assamese	10	0	0
Bengali	150	60	90
Gujarati	1,095	500	590
Hindi	1,785	865	920
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	20	10	10
Marathi	30	10	15
Nepali	40	20	20
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,855	1,040	805
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	25	0	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	130	75	50
Urdu	680	350	335
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20
Iranian languages	1,090	570	525
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	45	35	10
Persian languages	1,060	540	515
Dari	145	85	65
Iranian Persian	870	440	430
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	25	30
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,515	2,575	2,940
Catalan	15	0	10
Italian	2,110	1,020	1,090
Portuguese	420	205	210
Romanian	815	400	415
Spanish	2,610	1,150	1,460
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	80	45	35
Korean	170	75	90
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	360	175	185
Akan (Twi)	170	80	85
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	20	10	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10
Lingala	30	0	20
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	20	20	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	10	10	0
Yoruba	35	25	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	10	30
American Sign Language	25	10	25
Quebec Sign Language	15	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,685	850	835
Chinese languages	1,665	840	830
Hakka	30	10	15
Mandarin	1,250	640	610
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	25	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10
Yue (Cantonese)	510	245	260
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	290	140	150
Azerbaijani	25	10	10
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	240	120	115
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	35	15	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	215	95	125
Estonian	20	0	15
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	200	85	105
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	47,925	23,430	24,500
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	230	125	105
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	215	120	95
First Nations (North American Indian)	105	45	55
Métis	65	45	20
Inuk (Inuit)	40	25	20
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	10	10
Non-Indigenous identity	47,695	23,300	24,390
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	47,925	23,430	24,500
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	55	30	30
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	47,870	23,400	24,470
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	17,380	...	...
Owner	13,080	...	...
Renter	4,305	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	17,380	...	...
Condominium	3,160	...	...
Not condominium	14,225	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	17,380	...	...
No bedrooms	115	...	...
1 bedroom	1,410	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,715	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,155	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,990	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	17,380	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,850	...	...
5 rooms	1,910	...	...
6 rooms	1,865	...	...
7 rooms	2,465	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,290	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	17,380	...	...
One person or fewer per room	16,825	...	...
More than one person per room	560	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	17,380	...	...
Suitable	16,350	...	...
Not suitable	1,030	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	17,380	...	...
1960 or before	975	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,735	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,355	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,290	...	...
2001 to 2005	835	...	...
2006 to 2010	575	...	...
2011 to 2015	375	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	245	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	17,380	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	16,160	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,220	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	17,380	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,100	...	...
Two-maintainer household	8,420	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	860	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	17,380	...	...
15 to 24 years	165	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,205	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,740	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,420	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,865	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,410	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,910	...	...
85 years and over	675	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	17,325	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	14,270	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,055	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	17,385	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,810	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,660	...	...
Not suitable only	805	...	...
Major repairs needed only	850	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	120	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	260	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	12,570	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	17,030	...	...
In core need	980	...	...
Not in core need	16,050	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,075	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,270	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,458	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	603,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,305	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,121	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	47,925	23,425	24,500
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	55	25	30
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	55	25	30
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	40	20	25
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	310	155	155
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	300	145	150
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	265	125	140
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	47,560	23,250	24,315
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	47,930	23,425	24,500
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	43,725	21,410	22,310
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,020	4,550	4,470
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	34,705	16,865	17,840
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,205	2,020	2,190
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	47,930	23,425	24,500
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	27,490	13,570	13,915
Immigrants⁸¹	19,380	9,225	10,155
Before 1980	4,925	2,370	2,550
1980 to 1990	3,145	1,540	1,605
1991 to 2000	3,715	1,660	2,055
2001 to 2010	3,960	1,940	2,020
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,645	1,720	1,930
2011 to 2015	1,780	860	915
2016 to 2021	1,865	860	1,010
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,055	625	430
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	19,385	9,230	10,150
Under 5 years	1,670	855	815
5 to 14 years	2,950	1,480	1,475
15 to 24 years	4,035	1,750	2,280
25 to 44 years	9,300	4,500	4,800
45 years and over	1,430	645	790
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	19,385	9,230	10,150
Americas	2,525	1,080	1,440
Brazil	70	15	50
Colombia	150	60	85
El Salvador	40	15	25
Guyana	110	45	65
Haiti	450	210	235
Jamaica	245	115	130
Mexico	65	30	30
Peru	140	65	75
Trinidad and Tobago	255	115	145
United States of America	315	115	195
Other places of birth in Americas	690	285	400
Europe	3,675	1,800	1,870
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	15	0
Croatia	35	15	20
France	275	135	145
Germany	200	80	120
Greece	455	215	240
Hungary	75	35	35
Italy	460	255	205
Netherlands	30	20	15
Poland	270	120	150
Portugal	135	60	70
Romania	565	285	275
Russian Federation	160	75	85
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	10
Ukraine	130	55	80
United Kingdom⁸⁷	300	160	140
Other places of birth in Europe	535	265	275
Africa	3,005	1,505	1,505
Algeria	315	160	160
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	20	10
Egypt	1,165	590	580
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	25	10	10
Morocco	635	325	305
Nigeria	45	25	15
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	770	370	405
Asia	10,160	4,825	5,335
Afghanistan	85	35	45
Iran⁸⁸	705	350	350
Iraq	160	70	85
Lebanon	1,055	520	535
Syria⁸⁹	510	270	240
Turkey	115	60	50
China⁹⁰	780	385	390
Hong Kong⁹¹	215	90	125
Korea, South⁹²	105	50	50
Taiwan	60	30	30
Philippines	1,635	670	965
Viet Nam	245	110	135
Bangladesh	65	25	35
India	2,060	975	1,085
Pakistan	385	230	150
Sri Lanka	685	340	345
Other places of birth in Asia	1,305	605	700
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	15	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,865	855	1,010
Americas	160	75	85
Brazil	25	10	10
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	25	20	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	10
United States of America	45	30	20
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	10	25
Europe	95	40	50
France	30	15	10
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	15	25
Africa	185	90	95
Algeria	10	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	15	10
Egypt	55	30	25
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	55	25	30
Nigeria	20	0	15
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	1,420	650	775
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	95	35	55
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	315	155	160
Iran⁸⁸	70	35	35
Iraq	45	20	20
Israel	15	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25
Lebanon	45	20	20
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	65	45	20
Philippines	325	95	230
Saudi Arabia	50	20	30
Sri Lanka	30	15	15
Syria⁸⁹	225	125	100
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	40	20	20
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	15
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	47,925	23,430	24,500
First generation¹⁰⁰	20,940	10,070	10,870
Second generation¹⁰¹	14,485	7,290	7,190
Third generation or more¹⁰²	12,500	6,065	6,435
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	14,465	6,855	7,605
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	7,865	3,885	3,975
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,455	2,040	1,420
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,405	1,845	2,560
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,245	1,660	2,580
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,145	1,225	925
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	210	90	120
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	14,465	6,855	7,605
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,165	670	500
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,605	715	885
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	300	120	180
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	455	280	180
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	130	60	65
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	10,810	5,015	5,795
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	47,925	23,430	24,500
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	20,780	10,150	10,630
South Asian	5,825	2,960	2,865
Chinese	1,880	900	985
Black	3,385	1,620	1,760
Filipino	2,310	1,010	1,300
Arab	3,775	1,885	1,890
Latin American	805	385	420
Southeast Asian	530	275	255
West Asian	980	500	480
Korean	165	70	90
Japanese	35	15	20
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	370	180	190
Multiple visible minorities	735	355	385
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	27,150	13,280	13,870
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	47,925	23,425	24,500
Canadian	3,990	1,960	2,025
English	1,955	895	1,060
Irish	2,505	1,085	1,425
Scottish	1,805	810	995
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,250	1,530	1,720
German	1,185	585	600
Chinese	1,980	960	1,025
Italian	3,565	1,765	1,800
Indian (India)	3,135	1,530	1,600
Ukrainian	610	265	345
Dutch	200	90	115
Polish	2,055	1,070	980
Québécois	640	310	330
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	665	320	350
Filipino	2,330	1,000	1,325
French Canadian	915	405	510
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	375	180	200
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	125	65	60
Métis	20	15	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	735	370	370
Russian	1,550	735	810
Norwegian	55	25	30
Welsh	115	35	80
Portuguese	525	265	265
American	335	160	175
Spanish	815	390	420
Swedish	105	50	55
Hungarian	480	215	270
Acadian	135	85	55
Pakistani	610	340	265
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	705	335	370
Jewish	3,950	2,000	1,950
Punjabi	480	295	180
Vietnamese	325	155	170
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,510	795	710
Greek	2,140	1,075	1,065
Jamaican	335	175	160
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	355	165	190
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	10	0	10
Korean	170	75	100
Romanian	1,270	605	665
Lebanese	1,910	970	935
Iranian	780	390	385
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	315	160	155
Danish	65	40	30
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	10	10	0
Sikh	415	230	190
Austrian	300	130	165
Belgian	175	75	95
Haitian	805	385	420
Hindu	510	255	255
Mexican	165	95	70
Mennonite	10	10	0
Swiss	155	65	90
Finnish	25	0	20
Sri Lankan	760	400	355
Croatian	160	95	60
Japanese	40	20	25
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	85	40	45
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	35	25
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0
Muslim	170	70	95
Egyptian	1,400	725	675
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	195	85	105
Tamil	590	290	300
Icelandic	10	0	0
Colombian	180	85	95
Moroccan	1,380	750	630
Czech	55	25	25
Syrian	640	365	280
Guyanese	95	35	60
Afghan	135	75	60
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	265	105	160
Serbian	25	15	10
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	10	10	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	295	155	140
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	200	115	85
Turkish	280	130	150
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	20	15
Bangladeshi	120	50	70
Algerian	260	120	140
Brazilian	90	35	60
Nigerian	80	40	35
Armenian	780	410	370
Slovak	90	35	55
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	235	100	130
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	75	30	50
Iraqi	215	75	145
Salvadorean	45	25	20
African Caribbean	260	125	140
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	45	15	25
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	375	175	205
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	150	60	90
Algonquin	30	25	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	105	45	55
Lithuanian	125	60	70
South African	0	0	0
Australian	25	0	25
Palestinian	385	205	180
Chilean	45	10	30
Congolese	40	20	20
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	10	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	20	15
Peruvian	185	85	100
Yoruba	45	25	25
Cambodian (Khmer)	120	70	55
Berber	120	70	50
Albanian	10	10	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	15	0	15
Slovenian	75	35	40
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	10	10
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	120	55	60
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	70	30	40
Israeli	640	315	325
Mohawk	55	25	30
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	20	20
Bulgarian	110	55	55
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	210	115	100
Barbadian	165	85	85
African American	65	35	30
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	25	15
Tunisian	190	80	105
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	10	15
Cuban	55	35	25
Bosnian	35	15	20
Venezuelan	60	30	30
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	0	15
Latvian	95	35	60
Bengali	70	30	40
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	55	25	35
Indonesian	30	15	15
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	85	45	40
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	15
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	25	0	20
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	150	80	75
Estonian	30	10	20
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	30	30	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	160	80	80
Thai	15	10	10
Dominican	35	25	15
Nepali	30	15	15
Kabyle	60	40	20
Assyrian	40	10	30
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	115	50	65
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	10	0	10
Breton	45	25	20
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	80	35	50
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	45	25	20
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	10	0	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	20	10	15
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	10	0	10
Mauritian	85	40	45
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	70	30	40
Jordanian	95	65	30
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	60	35	25
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	30	15	15
Mayan	30	10	20
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	15	0	15
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	25	10	10
Sicilian	10	0	10
Pashtun	20	20	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	35	15	15
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40	20	25
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	20	0	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	20	10	10
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	20	0	15
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	50	25	25
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	15	10	10
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	25	10	20
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	15	15	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	47,925	23,430	24,500
Buddhist	455	220	235
Christian	23,000	10,795	12,205
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,680	1,230	1,450
Anabaptist	35	15	25
Anglican	740	305	430
Baptist	370	165	205
Catholic	13,125	6,225	6,900
Christian Orthodox	3,570	1,785	1,785
Jehovah's Witness	95	35	60
Latter Day Saints	25	10	15
Lutheran	150	70	80
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	65	35	30
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	455	185	270
Presbyterian	170	80	85
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	295	105	190
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,225	550	675
Hindu	2,845	1,375	1,475
Jewish	7,395	3,665	3,725
Muslim	5,035	2,555	2,475
Sikh	1,360	760	600
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	235	110	130
No religion and secular perspectives	7,600	3,950	3,655
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	47,575	23,265	24,310
Non-movers	44,185	21,545	22,640
Movers	3,395	1,720	1,675
Non-migrants	2,020	1,045	975
Migrants	1,375	675	700
Internal migrants	820	380	435
Intraprovincial migrants	685	320	365
Interprovincial migrants	135	60	75
External migrants	555	295	265
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	45,810	22,350	23,460
Non-movers	32,720	15,770	16,950
Movers	13,085	6,580	6,505
Non-migrants	2,770	1,355	1,415
Migrants	10,315	5,230	5,090
Internal migrants	7,895	3,980	3,920
Intraprovincial migrants	7,385	3,705	3,685
Interprovincial migrants	505	270	235
External migrants	2,420	1,250	1,170
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,045	19,390	20,655
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,685	2,775	2,905
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	34,360	16,610	17,745
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,960	11,690	12,275
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,040	1,155	890
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	21,920	10,535	11,385
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,045	19,390	20,655
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,215	2,480	2,735
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,000	4,575	4,430
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,825	12,335	13,485
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,735	5,655	6,080
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,650	1,590	1,060
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,835	1,000	840
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	815	590	225
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,590	3,435	4,155
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,495	630	865
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,090	6,680	7,405
Bachelor's degree	9,005	4,165	4,840
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,355	610	745
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	425	210	215
Master's degree	2,840	1,400	1,445
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	465	300	170
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,965	11,690	12,270
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,780	1,010	770
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,165	2,310	1,855
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,015	8,370	9,645
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,360	3,550	3,805
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,805	1,010	790
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,230	625	605
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	575	385	190
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,575	2,115	2,460
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	980	430	550
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,660	4,820	5,840
Bachelor's degree	6,795	3,015	3,775
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	975	415	565
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	280	120	160
Master's degree	2,260	1,055	1,210
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	350	215	130
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	40,040	19,390	20,650
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,220	7,050	7,165
Education	1,435	260	1,175
13. Education	1,435	260	1,175
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	790	275	510
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	50	25
50. Visual and performing arts	710	225	485
Humanities	1,645	535	1,110
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	270	30	240
23. English language and literature/letters	240	60	180
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	675	230	440
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	20	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	50	20
54. History	155	95	60
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	165	35	125
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,740	1,395	2,345
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	15	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	265	85	175
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	535	65	475
22. Legal professions and studies	385	145	240
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	15	20
42. Psychology	530	100	425
45. Social sciences	1,935	970	965
Business, management and public administration	6,685	3,055	3,635
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	185	40	145
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,495	3,015	3,480
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,625	800	820
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	520	210	315
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	525	265	255
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	95	50	50
40. Physical sciences	455	275	180
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	0	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,475	1,035	440
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,210	885	320
25. Library science	80	25	55
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	95	50
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	30	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,435	3,800	635
04. Architecture and related services	150	75	75
14. Engineering	2,225	1,785	440
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	810	735	75
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	290	280	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	670	645	25
48. Precision production	290	280	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	225	105	120
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	195	85	110
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	15	15
Health and related fields	3,025	740	2,285
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	155	80	80
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,755	600	2,155
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	55	50
Personal, protective and transportation services	750	340	410
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	470	125	345
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	95	55	40
49. Transportation and materials moving	180	155	25
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	23,960	11,690	12,275
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,945	3,315	2,630
Education	800	110	690
13. Education	800	110	690
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	550	200	350
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	35	25
50. Visual and performing arts	495	160	330
Humanities	1,015	335	680
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	165	10	160
23. English language and literature/letters	145	35	105
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	410	150	265
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	10	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	35	0
54. History	110	75	40
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95	20	75
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,675	960	1,715
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	15	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	225	75	150
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	430	50	380
22. Legal professions and studies	280	90	190
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	10
42. Psychology	360	55	305
45. Social sciences	1,315	670	645
Business, management and public administration	4,935	2,135	2,795
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	130	30	105
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,800	2,105	2,685
Physical and life sciences and technologies	890	405	485
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	385	150	230
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	175	75	100
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10
40. Physical sciences	305	175	130
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,160	840	325
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,015	760	260
25. Library science	40	15	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	45	30
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	15	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,150	2,600	550
04. Architecture and related services	110	50	60
14. Engineering	1,680	1,295	390
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	545	480	70
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	190	175	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	450	440	15
48. Precision production	170	155	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	160	65	95
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	135	60	80
03. Natural resources and conservation	20	10	15
Health and related fields	2,105	480	1,625
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	120	50	70
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,915	390	1,525
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	30	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	575	250	325
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	375	100	280
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	75	50	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	120	100	20
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	23,960	11,690	12,275
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,945	3,315	2,630
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	18,015	8,375	9,640
Location of study inside Canada	13,125	6,100	7,025
Same as province or territory of residence	12,295	5,700	6,595
Different than province or territory of residence	830	400	430
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,890	2,275	2,620
Americas	695	365	330
United States of America	360	195	165
Mexico	10	0	10
Cuba	15	10	10
Haiti	35	25	10
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	50	15	30
Colombia	45	15	35
Peru	30	15	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	20	10
Other locations of study in Americas	125	65	60
Europe	840	470	375
Belgium	10	0	0
France	145	95	60
Germany	10	0	0
Netherlands	10	0	0
Switzerland	10	0	10
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	45	20	20
Poland	35	25	20
Romania	205	105	100
Russian Federation	80	45	35
Ukraine	50	30	25
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	115	60	50
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	100	70	30
Africa	605	280	325
Nigeria	30	10	15
Algeria	100	55	45
Morocco	95	40	50
Tunisia	30	20	15
Egypt	290	130	160
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	15
Other locations of study in Africa	45	15	30
Asia	2,730	1,140	1,590
Iran⁸⁸	275	130	145
Iraq	40	15	25
Israel	75	30	45
Lebanon	230	115	115
Syria⁸⁹	100	45	60
Turkey	20	0	15
China⁹⁰	340	135	205
Taiwan	20	10	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	55	20	35
Philippines	615	215	400
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	0	10
Sri Lanka	50	30	20
India	615	265	350
Pakistan	85	45	40
Other locations of study in Asia	180	70	105
Oceania	25	25	0
Australia	20	20	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	40,045	19,390	20,655
In the labour force	25,505	13,250	12,255
Employed	23,000	12,005	10,990
Unemployed	2,505	1,250	1,255
Not in the labour force	14,540	6,140	8,400
Participation rate	63.7	68.3	59.3
Employment rate	57.4	61.9	53.2
Unemployment rate	9.8	9.4	10.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	40,040	19,390	20,650
Did not work¹⁸⁶	14,535	6,130	8,405
Worked	25,505	13,255	12,250
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	13,265	7,315	5,950
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	12,240	5,945	6,295
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.2	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	25,505	13,250	12,255
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	610	305	300
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	24,895	12,945	11,950
Employee	21,085	10,350	10,735
Permanent position	17,940	8,910	9,035
Temporary position	3,145	1,440	1,700
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,195	525	665
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,945	910	1,035
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,810	2,600	1,210
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	25,505	13,250	12,255
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	610	305	300
All occupations¹⁹¹	24,895	12,945	11,950
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	615	500	110
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,610	1,990	3,620
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,675	2,025	650
3 Health occupations	1,845	430	1,415
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,585	730	1,855
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	690	340	345
6 Sales and service occupations	6,995	3,665	3,325
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,590	2,365	225
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	150	130	20
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,155	780	380
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	25,505	13,250	12,255
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	610	305	300
All industries¹⁹¹	24,895	12,945	11,950
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	45	30	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	15	0
22 Utilities	70	35	30
23 Construction	770	625	145
31-33 Manufacturing	2,785	1,835	945
41 Wholesale trade	2,025	1,170	855
44-45 Retail trade	3,100	1,590	1,515
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,800	1,310	490
51 Information and cultural industries	565	345	225
52 Finance and insurance	1,065	500	565
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	585	315	270
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,870	1,790	1,085
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	30	40
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,010	525	485
61 Educational services	1,805	500	1,305
62 Health care and social assistance	2,860	595	2,265
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	330	190	140
72 Accommodation and food services	1,505	745	760
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,015	520	495
91 Public administration	575	270	305
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	27,220	14,115	13,105
English	9,085	4,805	4,275
French	2,620	1,325	1,285
Non-official language	155	105	45
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	155	105	45
English and French	14,030	7,155	6,880
English and non-official language(s)	570	330	235
French and non-official language(s)	45	10	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	700	360	340
Multiple non-official languages	15	15	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	27,220	14,115	13,105
Single responses	22,890	11,915	10,975
Official languages	22,525	11,695	10,830
English	16,465	8,590	7,875
French	6,060	3,105	2,955
Non-official languages	365	225	145
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	365	225	145
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	35	25
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	35	25
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	40	25	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	10	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	195	125	75
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	10	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	30	10	15
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	80	65	15
Indo-Aryan languages	80	65	15
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	60	10
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	45	30
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	30	20	15
Spanish	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	45	20
Chinese languages	60	45	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	30	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	4,330	2,200	2,130
English and French	4,125	2,095	2,035
English and non-official language(s)	150	85	70
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	30
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	27,220	14,115	13,105
None	15,960	8,320	7,635
English	3,400	1,760	1,640
French	6,850	3,480	3,370
Non-official language	465	270	200
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	465	265	200
English and French	30	15	20
English and non-official language(s)	155	95	60
French and non-official language(s)	260	130	135
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	85	35	40
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	23,000	12,005	10,995
Worked at home	6,650	3,380	3,265
Worked outside Canada	50	40	10
No fixed workplace address	1,885	1,375	505
Usual place of work	14,420	7,215	7,210
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	14,420	7,215	7,205
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,710	1,165	1,540
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,555	5,330	5,230
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,105	680	430
Commute to a different province or territory	55	40	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	16,300	8,585	7,715
Car, truck or van	13,850	7,450	6,400
Car, truck or van - as a driver	12,565	7,050	5,515
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,285	400	885
Public transit	1,590	650	940
Walked	440	220	220
Bicycle	80	55	25
Other method	340	215	130
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	16,300	8,585	7,715
Less than 15 minutes	4,155	2,030	2,130
15 to 29 minutes	6,440	3,515	2,925
30 to 44 minutes	3,630	1,900	1,735
45 to 59 minutes	960	520	445
60 minutes and over	1,115	635	480
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	16,300	8,585	7,715
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	805	620	185
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,480	1,485	990
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,915	1,880	2,030
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,715	1,805	1,905
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,935	1,405	1,530
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,455	1,395	1,065
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,960	5,105	4,850
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,435	2,790	2,645
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,525	2,315	2,205
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,560	3,880	3,675
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,210	2,170	2,040
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,650	1,885	1,760
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	565	285	280
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,345	1,710	1,635

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 7, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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