Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Deux-Montagnes, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	17,915	...
Population, 2016¹	17,496	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.4	2.4
Total private dwellings²	7,463	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,266	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,947.8	2,947.8
Land area in square kilometres	6.08	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	17,915	100.0
0 to 14 years	3,265	18.2
0 to 4 years	985	5.5
5 to 9 years	1,130	6.3
10 to 14 years	1,150	6.4
15 to 64 years	11,630	64.9
15 to 19 years	1,025	5.7
20 to 24 years	865	4.8
25 to 29 years	945	5.3
30 to 34 years	1,030	5.7
35 to 39 years	1,230	6.9
40 to 44 years	1,365	7.6
45 to 49 years	1,230	6.9
50 to 54 years	1,215	6.8
55 to 59 years	1,350	7.5
60 to 64 years	1,385	7.7
65 years and over	3,020	16.9
65 to 69 years	1,000	5.6
70 to 74 years	800	4.5
75 to 79 years	605	3.4
80 to 84 years	335	1.9
85 years and over	280	1.6
85 to 89 years	180	1.0
90 to 94 years	75	0.4
95 to 99 years	20	0.1
100 years and over	0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.2	18.2
15 to 64 years	64.9	64.9
65 years and over	16.9	16.9
85 years and over	1.6	1.6
Average age of the population	41.2	41.2
Median age of the population	42.4	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,270	100.0
Single-detached house	4,265	58.7
Semi-detached house	525	7.2
Row house	285	3.9
Apartment or flat in a duplex	215	3.0
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,815	25.0
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	130	1.8
Other single-attached house	30	0.4
Movable dwelling⁴	0	0.0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,265	100.0
1 person	1,975	27.2
2 persons	2,505	34.5
3 persons	1,255	17.3
4 persons	1,045	14.4
5 or more persons	485	6.7
Number of persons in private households	17,600	100.0
Average household size	2.4	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	14,650	100.0
Married or living common-law	8,525	58.2
Married	4,860	33.2
Living common-law	3,660	25.0
Living common law - Never married	2,960	20.2
Living common law - Separated	30	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	620	4.2
Living common law - Widowed	55	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	6,130	41.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,150	28.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	205	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,070	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	700	4.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,160	100.0
2 persons	2,545	49.3
3 persons	1,210	23.4
4 persons	1,005	19.5
5 or more persons	405	7.8
Average size of census families	2.9	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,160	100.0
Total couple families	4,210	81.6
Married couples	2,380	46.1
With children⁶	1,240	24.0
Without children	1,140	22.1
Common-law couples	1,830	35.5
With children⁶	975	18.9
Without children	855	16.6
Total one-parent families	950	18.4
in which the parent is a woman+	705	13.7
in which the parent is a man+	250	4.8
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	17,600	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	14,900	84.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	8,425	47.9
Parents in one-parent families	950	5.4
Children⁶	5,530	31.4
In a two-parent family	4,080	23.2
In a one-parent family	1,450	8.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,695	15.3
Living alone	1,975	11.2
Living with other relatives⁷	320	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	400	2.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,265	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,775	65.7
Couple-family households	3,955	54.4
With children⁶	2,085	28.7
Without children	1,870	25.7
One-parent-family households	820	11.3
Multigenerational households⁸	130	1.8
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25	0.3
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	170	2.3
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	200	2.8
One-person households	1,975	27.2
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	14,335	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,925	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,925	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,630	88.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,695	74.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,185	78.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,825	12.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,150	29.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	14,335	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,930	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,550	52,550
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,930	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,920	42,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,670	88.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,080	47,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,695	74.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,960	45,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,250	78.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,030	12,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,780	12.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,840	6,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,140	28.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,780	7,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	14,330	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,350	37.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	60,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,000	67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,260	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	19,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,280	28,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.6	81.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.2	67.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.5	18.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	5.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	14,335	100.0
Without total income	405	2.8
With total income	13,925	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,005	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	1,500	10.8
$20,000 to $29,999	2,020	14.5
$30,000 to $39,999	1,800	12.9
$40,000 to $49,999	1,785	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	1,490	10.7
$60,000 to $69,999	1,180	8.5
$70,000 to $79,999	860	6.2
$80,000 to $89,999	740	5.3
$90,000 to $99,999	440	3.2
$100,000 and over	1,110	8.0
$100,000 to $149,999	870	6.2
$150,000 and over	240	1.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	14,335	100.0
Without after-tax income	405	2.8
With after-tax income	13,925	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,050	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	1,580	11.3
$20,000 to $29,999	2,440	17.5
$30,000 to $39,999	2,305	16.6
$40,000 to $49,999	2,140	15.4
$50,000 to $59,999	1,595	11.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,145	8.2
$70,000 to $79,999	680	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	430	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	205	1.5
$100,000 and over	355	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	215	1.5
$125,000 and over	145	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	14,335	100.0
Without employment income	3,640	25.4
With employment income	10,695	74.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,310	12.2
$5,000 to $9,999	805	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	1,230	11.5
$20,000 to $29,999	1,010	9.4
$30,000 to $39,999	1,060	9.9
$40,000 to $49,999	1,090	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	955	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	760	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	640	6.0
$80,000 to $89,999	605	5.7
$90,000 to $99,999	345	3.2
$100,000 and over	895	8.4
$100,000 to $124,999	520	4.9
$125,000 and over	370	3.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	14,335	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,650	95.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,660	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,490	87.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	38,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,735	74.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	40,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,885	69.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,350	7,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,545	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,440	4,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	14,335	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,615	95.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,200	52,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,635	95.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,280	42,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,470	87.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,760	49,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,690	74.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,680	46,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,960	69.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,070	9,070
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,470	10.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850	6,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	14,330	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,315	37.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	57,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,750	63,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,035	28.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	24,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,960	33,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.2	87.2
Employment income (%)	70.2	70.2
Government transfers (%)	12.7	12.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,265	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	85,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	73,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,975	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	42,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	37,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,290	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	103,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	87,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,265	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,700	100,700
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,300	82,300
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,985	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,880	49,880
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,520	41,520
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,280	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,800	119,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,600	97,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,265	100.0
Under $5,000	20	0.3
$5,000 to $9,999	25	0.3
$10,000 to $14,999	55	0.8
$15,000 to $19,999	90	1.2
$20,000 to $24,999	290	4.0
$25,000 to $29,999	205	2.8
$30,000 to $34,999	190	2.6
$35,000 to $39,999	270	3.7
$40,000 to $44,999	310	4.3
$45,000 to $49,999	270	3.7
$50,000 to $59,999	560	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	510	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	570	7.8
$80,000 to $89,999	545	7.5
$90,000 to $99,999	480	6.6
$100,000 and over	2,870	39.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,015	14.0
$125,000 to $149,999	730	10.0
$150,000 to $199,999	715	9.8
$200,000 and over	415	5.7
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,265	100.0
Under $5,000	30	0.4
$5,000 to $9,999	20	0.3
$10,000 to $14,999	60	0.8
$15,000 to $19,999	90	1.2
$20,000 to $24,999	310	4.3
$25,000 to $29,999	265	3.6
$30,000 to $34,999	260	3.6
$35,000 to $39,999	345	4.7
$40,000 to $44,999	375	5.2
$45,000 to $49,999	340	4.7
$50,000 to $59,999	650	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	690	9.5
$70,000 to $79,999	665	9.2
$80,000 to $89,999	600	8.3
$90,000 to $99,999	535	7.4
$100,000 and over	2,035	28.0
$100,000 to $124,999	990	13.6
$125,000 to $149,999	540	7.4
$150,000 and over	510	7.0
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,150	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	103,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	88,000
Average family size of economic families	3.0	3.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,885	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	89,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	75,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,225	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	131,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	109,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	915	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	73,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	65,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,375	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,160	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,900	119,900
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,600	97,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,905	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,700	98,700
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,600	81,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,215	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,200	157,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,800	124,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	930	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,600	76,600
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,400	66,400
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,375	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,920	47,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,080	40,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	17,595	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,880	22.1
0 to 5 years	1,205	6.8
18 to 64 years	11,000	62.5
65 years and over	2,715	15.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,290	...
0 to 17 years	240	...
0 to 5 years	80	...
18 to 64 years	620	...
65 years and over	430	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.3	7.3
0 to 17 years (%)	6.2	6.2
0 to 5 years (%)	6.7	6.7
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	5.6
65 years and over (%)	15.9	15.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	17,600	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,880	22.0
0 to 5 years	1,205	6.8
18 to 64 years	11,000	62.5
65 years and over	2,715	15.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	645	...
0 to 17 years	110	...
0 to 5 years	35	...
18 to 64 years	385	...
65 years and over	145	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	2.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	3.5
65 years and over (%)	5.3	5.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	17,600	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	9,360	53.2
In bottom decile	1,080	6.1
In second decile	1,650	9.4
In third decile	2,075	11.8
In fourth decile	2,265	12.9
In fifth decile	2,285	13.0
In top half of the distribution	8,235	46.8
In sixth decile	2,255	12.8
In seventh decile	1,920	10.9
In eighth decile	1,785	10.1
In ninth decile	1,410	8.0
In top decile	865	4.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	17,600	17,600
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.283	0.283
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.398	0.398
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.241	0.241
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	2.9
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	17,870	100.0
English only	775	4.3
French only	6,590	36.9
English and French	10,430	58.4
Neither English nor French	80	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	17,870	100.0
English	2,725	15.2
French	14,330	80.2
English and French	745	4.2
Neither English nor French	75	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	17,870	100.0
Single responses	17,140	95.9
Official languages	15,365	86.0
English	2,155	12.1
French	13,210	73.9
Non-official languages	1,775	9.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,770	9.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	395	2.2
Berber languages	45	0.3
Kabyle	40	0.2
Tamazight	5	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	5	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	345	1.9
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	340	1.9
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0.1
Vietnamese	5	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	0.2
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0.0
Indonesian	5	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	70	0.4
Haitian Creole	30	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	30	0.2
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	0.1
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	10	0.1
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,065	6.0
Albanian	5	0.0
Armenian	5	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	205	1.1
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	205	1.1
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	0.3
Czech	5	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	25	0.1
Russian	110	0.6
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	5	0.0
Serbian	5	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	5	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	0.3
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	30	0.2
German	30	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	10	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	5	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	40	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	55	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	25	0.1
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	15	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	0.2
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	25	0.1
Dari	20	0.1
Iranian Persian	5	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	710	4.0
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	55	0.3
Portuguese	75	0.4
Romanian	260	1.5
Spanish	310	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	5	0.0
Korean	5	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0.1
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	5	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0.1
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	10	0.1
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	0.3
Chinese languages	60	0.3
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	50	0.3
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0.1
Lao	15	0.1
Thai	5	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	5	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0.1
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	735	4.1
English and French	425	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	65	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	170	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	15	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	17,870	100.0
English	1,990	11.1
French	12,380	69.3
Non-official language	450	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	450	2.5
English and French	1,595	8.9
English and non-official language(s)	195	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	685	3.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	540	3.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	17,870	100.0
Single responses	17,090	95.6
Official languages	16,155	90.4
English	2,570	14.4
French	13,585	76.0
Non-official languages	935	5.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	935	5.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	0.9
Berber languages	15	0.1
Kabyle	10	0.1
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	145	0.8
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	145	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	30	0.2
Haitian Creole	20	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	15	0.1
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	5	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	640	3.6
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	140	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	140	0.8
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	0.2
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0
Russian	105	0.6
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	5	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	20	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	55	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	35	0.2
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	10	0.1
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	20	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	0.1
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	25	0.1
Dari	10	0.1
Iranian Persian	5	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	415	2.3
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	5	0.0
Portuguese	45	0.3
Romanian	180	1.0
Spanish	185	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	5	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0.1
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	0.2
Chinese languages	35	0.2
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	35	0.2
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0.1
Lao	10	0.1
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	5	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	785	4.4
English and French	425	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	75	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	200	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	5	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	17,870	100.0
None	15,465	86.5
English	885	5.0
French	700	3.9
Non-official language	440	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	435	2.4
English and French	125	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	145	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	75	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	17,595	100.0
Official languages	17,500	99.5
English	11,180	63.5
French	16,665	94.7
Non-official languages	3,150	17.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,145	17.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	660	3.8
Berber languages	35	0.2
Kabyle	30	0.2
Tamazight	10	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	0.1
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	25	0.1
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	615	3.5
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	570	3.2
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	45	0.3
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0.1
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	0.2
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	130	0.7
Haitian Creole	110	0.6
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0.1
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	10	0.1
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,130	12.1
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	35	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	350	2.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	350	2.0
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	0.3
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	60	0.3
Russian	230	1.3
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	0.1
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	15	0.1
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	135	0.8
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	125	0.7
German	125	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	25	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	85	0.5
Indo-Iranian languages	85	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	45	0.3
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	10	0.1
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	0.1
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	30	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	0.2
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	40	0.2
Dari	25	0.1
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,530	8.7
Catalan	10	0.1
Italian	160	0.9
Portuguese	130	0.7
Romanian	270	1.5
Spanish	1,055	6.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	0.7
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	15	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	30	0.2
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	30	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	0.2
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	0.2
Chinese languages	30	0.2
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	25	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	0.3
Lao	50	0.3
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	0.3
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	45	0.3
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	0.2
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	35	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,595	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	335	1.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	315	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	215	1.2
Métis	95	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	17,260	98.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,595	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	135	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	17,465	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,265	100.0
Owner	5,140	70.8
Renter	2,125	29.2
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,265	100.0
Condominium	785	10.8
Not condominium	6,485	89.3
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,265	100.0
No bedrooms	0	0.0
1 bedroom	625	8.6
2 bedrooms	2,375	32.7
3 bedrooms	2,580	35.5
4 or more bedrooms	1,685	23.2
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,265	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	2,025	27.9
5 rooms	1,220	16.8
6 rooms	1,040	14.3
7 rooms	970	13.4
8 or more rooms	2,005	27.6
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	6.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,265	100.0
One person or fewer per room	7,205	99.2
More than one person per room	60	0.8
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,265	100.0
Suitable	7,045	97.0
Not suitable	220	3.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,265	100.0
1960 or before	1,495	20.6
1961 to 1980	1,585	21.8
1981 to 1990	1,235	17.0
1991 to 2000	1,605	22.1
2001 to 2005	350	4.8
2006 to 2010	330	4.5
2011 to 2015	300	4.1
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	370	5.1
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,265	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,900	95.0
Major repairs needed	370	5.1
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,265	100.0
One-maintainer household	3,640	50.1
Two-maintainer household	3,465	47.7
Three-or-more-maintainer household	160	2.2
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,265	100.0
15 to 24 years	130	1.8
25 to 34 years	845	11.6
35 to 44 years	1,510	20.8
45 to 54 years	1,425	19.6
55 to 64 years	1,655	22.8
65 to 74 years	1,065	14.7
75 to 84 years	520	7.2
85 years and over	120	1.7
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,260	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,275	86.4
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	985	13.6
30% to less than 100%	935	12.9
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,265	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,490	20.5
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	915	12.6
Not suitable only	190	2.6
Major repairs needed only	305	4.2
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	0.2
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	45	0.6
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	0.1
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	0.1
Acceptable housing	5,780	79.6
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,210	100.0
In core need	410	5.7
Not in core need	6,800	94.3
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,135	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	69.3	69.3
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.1	9.1
% in core housing need⁶³	1.5	1.5
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230	1,230
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,222	1,222
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	300,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	336,400	336,400
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,130	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.1	6.1
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.7	24.7
% in core housing need⁶³	15.6	15.6
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	880
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	944	944
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	17,600	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	215	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	215	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	210	1.2
Métis single ancestry	10	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	655	3.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	655	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	620	3.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	16,720	95.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	17,600	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	17,120	97.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,760	21.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,360	75.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	475	2.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	17,600	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	15,285	86.8
Immigrants⁸¹	2,210	12.6
Before 1980	290	1.6
1980 to 1990	175	1.0
1991 to 2000	290	1.6
2001 to 2010	875	5.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	580	3.3
2011 to 2015	360	2.0
2016 to 2021	220	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	100	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,210	100.0
Under 5 years	225	10.2
5 to 14 years	385	17.4
15 to 24 years	285	12.9
25 to 44 years	1,195	54.1
45 years and over	115	5.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,210	100.0
Americas	490	22.2
Brazil	30	1.4
Colombia	85	3.8
El Salvador	20	0.9
Guyana	0	0.0
Haiti	35	1.6
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	130	5.9
Peru	30	1.4
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0.5
United States of America	65	2.9
Other places of birth in Americas	80	3.6
Europe	875	39.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Croatia	0	0.0
France	220	10.0
Germany	25	1.1
Greece	30	1.4
Hungary	10	0.5
Italy	20	0.9
Netherlands	15	0.7
Poland	25	1.1
Portugal	20	0.9
Romania	200	9.0
Russian Federation	65	2.9
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Ukraine	30	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	2.0
Other places of birth in Europe	155	7.0
Africa	515	23.3
Algeria	85	3.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	1.1
Egypt	50	2.3
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	140	6.3
Nigeria	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	225	10.2
Asia	335	15.2
Afghanistan	15	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	15	0.7
Iraq	0	0.0
Lebanon	85	3.8
Syria⁸⁹	30	1.4
Turkey	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0.0
Philippines	30	1.4
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
India	0	0.0
Pakistan	15	0.7
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	85	3.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	225	100.0
Americas	30	13.3
Brazil	0	0.0
Colombia	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	15	6.7
United States of America	10	4.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0.0
Europe	80	35.6
France	0	0.0
Germany	0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	55	24.4
Africa	60	26.7
Algeria	0	0.0
Burundi	0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0.0
Egypt	0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	6.7
Asia	50	22.2
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
India	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Jordan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0
Nepal	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0
Philippines	0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	13.3
Turkey	0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	17,595	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,440	13.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,265	12.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	12,895	73.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,920	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,190	62.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	575	29.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	610	31.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	445	23.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	265	13.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,920	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	150	7.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	170	8.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	50	2.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	55	2.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,490	77.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	17,595	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,945	11.1
South Asian	90	0.5
Chinese	45	0.3
Black	620	3.5
Filipino	50	0.3
Arab	495	2.8
Latin American	420	2.4
Southeast Asian	120	0.7
West Asian	25	0.1
Korean	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	40	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	15,650	88.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	17,595	100.0
Canadian	4,650	26.4
English	695	3.9
Irish	1,585	9.0
Scottish	895	5.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,495	25.5
German	390	2.2
Chinese	85	0.5
Italian	880	5.0
Indian (India)	45	0.3
Ukrainian	170	1.0
Dutch	75	0.4
Polish	230	1.3
Québécois	1,880	10.7
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	145	0.8
Filipino	40	0.2
French Canadian	1,205	6.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	290	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	415	2.4
Métis	30	0.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	300	1.7
Russian	200	1.1
Norwegian	0	0.0
Welsh	30	0.2
Portuguese	165	0.9
American	140	0.8
Spanish	205	1.2
Swedish	25	0.1
Hungarian	150	0.9
Acadian	260	1.5
Pakistani	30	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	130	0.7
Jewish	45	0.3
Punjabi	0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	190	1.1
Greek	170	1.0
Jamaican	20	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	30	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Romanian	270	1.5
Lebanese	170	1.0
Iranian	10	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	155	0.9
Danish	0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	80	0.5
Sikh	0	0.0
Austrian	40	0.2
Belgian	195	1.1
Haitian	225	1.3
Hindu	0	0.0
Mexican	160	0.9
Mennonite	0	0.0
Swiss	55	0.3
Finnish	0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0.0
Croatian	30	0.2
Japanese	0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	50	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	25	0.1
Muslim	55	0.3
Egyptian	115	0.7
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	0.4
Tamil	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Colombian	130	0.7
Moroccan	110	0.6
Czech	50	0.3
Syrian	45	0.3
Guyanese	0	0.0
Afghan	20	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	0.1
Serbian	0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0.0
Ontarian	10	0.1
Persian	0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0.1
Turkish	50	0.3
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0.0
Algerian	70	0.4
Brazilian	50	0.3
Nigerian	0	0.0
Armenian	35	0.2
Slovak	0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0.0
Salvadorean	25	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	0.2
Algonquin	50	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	0.1
South African	0	0.0
Australian	0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0.0
Chilean	30	0.2
Congolese	35	0.2
Nova Scotian	15	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	0.2
Peruvian	55	0.3
Yoruba	0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	0.1
Berber	60	0.3
Albanian	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0.0
New Brunswicker	15	0.1
Gujarati	0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0.0
Israeli	0	0.0
Mohawk	45	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	0.3
Albertan	0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0.0
Barbadian	10	0.1
African American	0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0.1
Tunisian	0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0.0
Cuban	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	0.2
Latvian	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Cameroonian	20	0.1
Guatemalan	10	0.1
Indonesian	20	0.1
Laotian	60	0.3
Ilocano	0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Jatt	0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Dominican	10	0.1
Nepali	0	0.0
Kabyle	25	0.1
Assyrian	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0.0
Abenaki	45	0.3
Moldovan	60	0.3
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	0.2
New Zealander	0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0.0
Breton	15	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	0.3
Huron (Wendat)	25	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0.0
Gaspesian	55	0.3
Norman	20	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0.0
Burundian	0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0.0
Malayali	0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0.0
Mayan	0	0.0
Honduran	0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0.0
Flemish	0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Sicilian	20	0.1
Pashtun	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Goan	0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Azorean	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0.0
Central African	0	0.0
Libyan	0	0.0
Basque	15	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0.0
Igorot	0	0.0
Fulani	0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0
Guinean	0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0
Maliseet	20	0.1
Beninese	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Roma	0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0.0
Karen	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Tajik	0	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	17,595	100.0
Buddhist	35	0.2
Christian	10,870	61.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	990	5.6
Anabaptist	0	0.0
Anglican	150	0.9
Baptist	60	0.3
Catholic	8,640	49.1
Christian Orthodox	435	2.5
Jehovah's Witness	85	0.5
Latter Day Saints	0	0.0
Lutheran	30	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	55	0.3
Presbyterian	25	0.1
Reformed	0	0.0
United Church	95	0.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	285	1.6
Hindu	20	0.1
Jewish	65	0.4
Muslim	655	3.7
Sikh	0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	95	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	5,845	33.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	17,395	100.0
Non-movers	15,640	89.9
Movers	1,755	10.1
Non-migrants	530	3.0
Migrants	1,230	7.1
Internal migrants	1,195	6.9
Intraprovincial migrants	1,175	6.8
Interprovincial migrants	25	0.1
External migrants	35	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	16,640	100.0
Non-movers	10,315	62.0
Movers	6,325	38.0
Non-migrants	1,245	7.5
Migrants	5,075	30.5
Internal migrants	4,835	29.1
Intraprovincial migrants	4,760	28.6
Interprovincial migrants	70	0.4
External migrants	245	1.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,335	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,605	18.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	11,730	81.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,675	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,200	12.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,475	87.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,335	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,235	15.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,290	23.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,810	61.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,760	40.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,435	17.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,745	12.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	690	4.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,735	19.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	590	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,045	21.2
Bachelor's degree	2,055	14.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	225	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	0.3
Master's degree	635	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,670	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	905	9.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,830	18.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,940	71.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,285	44.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,895	19.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,365	14.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	535	5.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,945	20.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	445	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,660	27.5
Bachelor's degree	1,795	18.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	195	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35	0.4
Master's degree	545	5.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	14,335	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,525	38.5
Education	545	3.8
13. Education	545	3.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	410	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	355	2.5
Humanities	450	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	100	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	225	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0.1
54. History	25	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	835	5.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	130	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	175	1.2
22. Legal professions and studies	160	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0.1
42. Psychology	105	0.7
45. Social sciences	245	1.7
Business, management and public administration	2,010	14.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	105	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,910	13.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	360	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	110	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	0.4
40. Physical sciences	115	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	630	4.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	540	3.8
25. Library science	45	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,910	13.3
04. Architecture and related services	55	0.4
14. Engineering	430	3.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	385	2.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	375	2.6
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	390	2.7
48. Precision production	275	1.9
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	125	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	30	0.2
Health and related fields	905	6.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	45	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	845	5.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	610	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	315	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	135	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	165	1.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,675	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,730	28.2
Education	415	4.3
13. Education	415	4.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	325	3.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	280	2.9
Humanities	325	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	145	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0.1
54. History	20	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	685	7.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	110	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	145	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	145	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0.2
42. Psychology	85	0.9
45. Social sciences	175	1.8
Business, management and public administration	1,600	16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	90	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,505	15.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	240	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	90	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0.2
40. Physical sciences	95	1.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	535	5.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	465	4.8
25. Library science	35	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,505	15.6
04. Architecture and related services	40	0.4
14. Engineering	380	3.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	290	3.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	280	2.9
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	300	3.1
48. Precision production	220	2.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	90	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	70	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	20	0.2
Health and related fields	725	7.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	35	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	675	7.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	500	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	250	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	105	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	150	1.6
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	9,675	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,730	28.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,945	71.8
Location of study inside Canada	6,050	62.5
Same as province or territory of residence	5,915	61.1
Different than province or territory of residence	135	1.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	890	9.2
Americas	210	2.2
United States of America	45	0.5
Mexico	65	0.7
Cuba	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Brazil	30	0.3
Colombia	35	0.4
Peru	15	0.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0.1
Europe	390	4.0
Belgium	20	0.2
France	140	1.4
Germany	0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0.0
Hungary	0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	25	0.3
Poland	15	0.2
Romania	100	1.0
Russian Federation	25	0.3
Ukraine	10	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	0.2
Africa	200	2.1
Nigeria	0	0.0
Algeria	55	0.6
Morocco	40	0.4
Tunisia	25	0.3
Egypt	25	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	65	0.7
Asia	90	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	15	0.2
Turkey	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0.2
Taiwan	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Philippines	15	0.2
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
India	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	0.2
Oceania	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	14,335	...
In the labour force	9,815	...
Employed	9,200	...
Unemployed	620	...
Not in the labour force	4,520	...
Participation rate	68.5	68.5
Employment rate	64.2	64.2
Unemployment rate	6.3	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	14,335	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	4,465	31.1
Worked	9,865	68.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,445	38.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,425	30.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	41.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	9,820	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,610	97.9
Employee	8,715	88.7
Permanent position	7,510	76.5
Temporary position	1,205	12.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	410	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	795	8.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	895	9.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	9,820	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,610	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	140	1.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,895	19.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,100	11.2
3 Health occupations	650	6.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,170	11.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	340	3.5
6 Sales and service occupations	2,205	22.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,580	16.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	100	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	420	4.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	9,820	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	9,610	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	45	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	0.3
22 Utilities	95	1.0
23 Construction	710	7.2
31-33 Manufacturing	1,025	10.4
41 Wholesale trade	445	4.5
44-45 Retail trade	1,255	12.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	535	5.4
51 Information and cultural industries	265	2.7
52 Finance and insurance	480	4.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	125	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	930	9.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	375	3.8
61 Educational services	885	9.0
62 Health care and social assistance	1,135	11.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	145	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	355	3.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	370	3.8
91 Public administration	400	4.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,340	100.0
English	710	6.9
French	5,655	54.7
Non-official language	0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0.0
English and French	3,805	36.8
English and non-official language(s)	20	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	1.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,340	100.0
Single responses	9,630	93.1
Official languages	9,615	93.0
English	1,500	14.5
French	8,115	78.5
Non-official languages	20	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	0.1
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0
Russian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0.1
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0.1
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	705	6.8
English and French	685	6.6
English and non-official language(s)	10	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,340	100.0
None	7,035	68.0
English	2,385	23.1
French	775	7.5
Non-official language	55	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	55	0.5
English and French	0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	60	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	15	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,200	100.0
Worked at home	2,275	24.7
Worked outside Canada	15	0.2
No fixed workplace address	945	10.3
Usual place of work	5,965	64.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,965	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	695	11.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,635	27.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,620	60.7
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,910	100.0
Car, truck or van	5,930	85.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	5,595	81.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	335	4.8
Public transit	560	8.1
Walked	250	3.6
Bicycle	80	1.2
Other method	105	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,910	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	1,620	23.4
15 to 29 minutes	2,170	31.4
30 to 44 minutes	1,705	24.7
45 to 59 minutes	690	10.0
60 minutes and over	730	10.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,910	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	870	12.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,295	18.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,745	25.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,215	17.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	770	11.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,020	14.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,955	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	745	18.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,210	81.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,905	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	565	19.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	430	14.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	135	4.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,350	80.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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