Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Mirabel, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	61,108	...
Population, 2016¹	50,513	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	21.0	21.0
Total private dwellings²	25,514	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	24,795	...
Population density per square kilometre	126.2	126.2
Land area in square kilometres	484.09	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	61,105	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,620	20.7
0 to 4 years	3,960	6.5
5 to 9 years	4,395	7.2
10 to 14 years	4,260	7.0
15 to 64 years	40,785	66.7
15 to 19 years	3,545	5.8
20 to 24 years	3,305	5.4
25 to 29 years	4,490	7.3
30 to 34 years	4,520	7.4
35 to 39 years	4,500	7.4
40 to 44 years	4,600	7.5
45 to 49 years	4,150	6.8
50 to 54 years	3,970	6.5
55 to 59 years	4,110	6.7
60 to 64 years	3,610	5.9
65 years and over	7,700	12.6
65 to 69 years	2,810	4.6
70 to 74 years	2,225	3.6
75 to 79 years	1,535	2.5
80 to 84 years	715	1.2
85 years and over	415	0.7
85 to 89 years	290	0.5
90 to 94 years	95	0.2
95 to 99 years	25	0.0
100 years and over	5	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.7	20.7
15 to 64 years	66.7	66.7
65 years and over	12.6	12.6
85 years and over	0.7	0.7
Average age of the population	37.6	37.6
Median age of the population	37.2	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	24,795	100.0
Single-detached house	13,385	54.0
Semi-detached house	870	3.5
Row house	140	0.6
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,615	14.6
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,575	26.5
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	150	0.6
Other single-attached house	60	0.2
Movable dwelling⁴	0	0.0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	24,795	100.0
1 person	6,545	26.4
2 persons	8,625	34.8
3 persons	3,955	16.0
4 persons	3,895	15.7
5 or more persons	1,765	7.1
Number of persons in private households	60,850	100.0
Average household size	2.5	2.5
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	48,490	100.0
Married or living common-law	30,025	61.9
Married	13,805	28.5
Living common-law	16,225	33.5
Living common law - Never married	13,595	28.0
Living common law - Separated	155	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	2,235	4.6
Living common law - Widowed	245	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	18,465	38.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,690	28.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	580	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,720	5.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,475	3.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	17,875	100.0
2 persons	8,780	49.1
3 persons	3,860	21.6
4 persons	3,785	21.2
5 or more persons	1,450	8.1
Average size of census families	2.9	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	17,880	100.0
Total couple families	14,900	83.3
Married couples	6,790	38.0
With children⁶	3,130	17.5
Without children	3,665	20.5
Common-law couples	8,110	45.4
With children⁶	4,630	25.9
Without children	3,480	19.5
Total one-parent families	2,975	16.6
in which the parent is a woman+	2,105	11.8
in which the parent is a man+	870	4.9
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	60,850	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	52,010	85.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	29,805	49.0
Parents in one-parent families	2,980	4.9
Children⁶	19,235	31.6
In a two-parent family	14,585	24.0
In a one-parent family	4,650	7.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	8,840	14.5
Living alone	6,545	10.8
Living with other relatives⁷	1,020	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	1,275	2.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	24,795	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	16,570	66.8
Couple-family households	14,015	56.5
With children⁶	7,345	29.6
Without children	6,665	26.9
One-parent-family households	2,555	10.3
Multigenerational households⁸	425	1.7
Multiple-census-family households⁹	95	0.4
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	515	2.1
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	645	2.6
One-person households	6,545	26.4
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	48,245	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,090	97.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	46,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,110	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,085	91.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	38,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,485	79.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,410	79.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,210	14.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,055	33.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	48,245	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,180	97.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,350	53,350
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,205	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,560	43,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,045	91.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,840	46,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,485	79.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,000	47,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,570	79.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,750	11,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,215	15.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,120	7,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,915	33.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,590	7,590
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	48,240	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,145	39.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	60,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,700	66,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,560	32.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,400	21,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,600	30,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.0	82.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.8	71.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.0	18.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	5.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	48,240	100.0
Without total income	1,155	2.4
With total income	47,085	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,670	5.7
$10,000 to $19,999	4,490	9.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,315	13.4
$30,000 to $39,999	5,855	12.4
$40,000 to $49,999	6,235	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	5,445	11.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,180	8.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,230	6.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,555	5.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,815	3.9
$100,000 and over	4,295	9.1
$100,000 to $149,999	3,340	7.1
$150,000 and over	960	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	48,240	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,135	2.4
With after-tax income	47,105	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,880	6.1
$10,000 to $19,999	4,835	10.3
$20,000 to $29,999	7,595	16.1
$30,000 to $39,999	7,810	16.6
$40,000 to $49,999	7,635	16.2
$50,000 to $59,999	5,865	12.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,090	8.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,600	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,530	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	900	1.9
$100,000 and over	1,380	2.9
$100,000 to $124,999	850	1.8
$125,000 and over	525	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	48,240	100.0
Without employment income	9,755	20.2
With employment income	38,485	79.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,275	11.1
$5,000 to $9,999	2,805	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	4,345	11.3
$20,000 to $29,999	3,695	9.6
$30,000 to $39,999	3,935	10.2
$40,000 to $49,999	3,985	10.4
$50,000 to $59,999	3,450	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	2,930	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,320	6.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,060	5.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,355	3.5
$100,000 and over	3,320	8.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,895	4.9
$125,000 and over	1,430	3.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	48,245	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,300	96.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,325	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	43,470	90.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	40,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,395	79.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	40,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,560	69.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200	6,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,560	13.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,640	4,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	48,245	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,410	96.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,920	50,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,440	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,560	41,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	43,440	90.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600	47,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,205	79.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,640	47,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,790	70.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,720	8,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,345	13.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,720	6,720
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	48,240	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,075	39.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	57,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,450	63,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,830	30.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	26,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,120	35,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.6	87.6
Employment income (%)	77.0	77.0
Government transfers (%)	12.5	12.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	24,795	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	90,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	76,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,545	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	45,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	39,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	18,250	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	108,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	91,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	24,795	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,500	101,500
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	83,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,550	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,840	50,840
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,760	41,760
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	18,245	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,700	119,700
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,700	97,700
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	24,795	100.0
Under $5,000	90	0.4
$5,000 to $9,999	70	0.3
$10,000 to $14,999	145	0.6
$15,000 to $19,999	250	1.0
$20,000 to $24,999	805	3.2
$25,000 to $29,999	635	2.6
$30,000 to $34,999	615	2.5
$35,000 to $39,999	865	3.5
$40,000 to $44,999	950	3.8
$45,000 to $49,999	970	3.9
$50,000 to $59,999	1,840	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,805	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,670	6.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,735	7.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,690	6.8
$100,000 and over	10,660	43.0
$100,000 to $124,999	3,465	14.0
$125,000 to $149,999	2,585	10.4
$150,000 to $199,999	2,875	11.6
$200,000 and over	1,730	7.0
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	24,795	100.0
Under $5,000	120	0.5
$5,000 to $9,999	75	0.3
$10,000 to $14,999	160	0.6
$15,000 to $19,999	275	1.1
$20,000 to $24,999	895	3.6
$25,000 to $29,999	800	3.2
$30,000 to $34,999	825	3.3
$35,000 to $39,999	1,165	4.7
$40,000 to $44,999	1,155	4.7
$45,000 to $49,999	1,190	4.8
$50,000 to $59,999	2,230	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	2,215	8.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,185	8.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,060	8.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,790	7.2
$100,000 and over	7,655	30.9
$100,000 to $124,999	3,505	14.1
$125,000 to $149,999	2,070	8.3
$150,000 and over	2,080	8.4
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,805	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	108,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	91,000
Average family size of economic families	3.0	3.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,725	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	93,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	78,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,805	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	137,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	113,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,860	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	75,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	65,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	7,815	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	44,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	38,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,805	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,500	119,500
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,500	97,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,780	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,600	103,600
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,100	84,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,770	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,600	147,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,600	119,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,870	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,400	81,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,200	69,200
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,850	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,600	49,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,920	40,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	60,850	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,825	24.4
0 to 5 years	4,840	8.0
18 to 64 years	38,435	63.2
65 years and over	7,590	12.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,040	...
0 to 17 years	890	...
0 to 5 years	310	...
18 to 64 years	1,975	...
65 years and over	1,170	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.6	6.6
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	6.0
0 to 5 years (%)	6.4	6.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.1	5.1
65 years and over (%)	15.5	15.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	60,850	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,825	24.4
0 to 5 years	4,840	8.0
18 to 64 years	38,435	63.2
65 years and over	7,590	12.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,265	...
0 to 17 years	215	...
0 to 5 years	75	...
18 to 64 years	845	...
65 years and over	200	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.1	2.1
0 to 17 years (%)	1.5	1.5
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.2	2.2
65 years and over (%)	2.6	2.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	60,850	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	29,370	48.3
In bottom decile	3,210	5.3
In second decile	5,200	8.5
In third decile	6,500	10.7
In fourth decile	7,060	11.6
In fifth decile	7,395	12.2
In top half of the distribution	31,475	51.7
In sixth decile	7,940	13.0
In seventh decile	7,660	12.6
In eighth decile	7,050	11.6
In ninth decile	5,570	9.2
In top decile	3,260	5.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	60,850	60,850
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.266	0.266
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.370	0.370
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.230	0.230
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	2.9
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	61,040	100.0
English only	520	0.9
French only	32,105	52.6
English and French	28,245	46.3
Neither English nor French	175	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	61,040	100.0
English	2,205	3.6
French	57,785	94.7
English and French	880	1.4
Neither English nor French	170	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	61,040	100.0
Single responses	59,735	97.9
Official languages	56,970	93.3
English	1,520	2.5
French	55,450	90.8
Non-official languages	2,765	4.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,765	4.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	605	1.0
Berber languages	30	0.0
Kabyle	20	0.0
Tamazight	10	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	575	0.9
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	575	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	0.1
Vietnamese	45	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	95	0.2
Haitian Creole	75	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	0.1
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	30	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,650	2.7
Albanian	5	0.0
Armenian	35	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	130	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	130	0.2
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	20	0.0
Russian	65	0.1
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	0.0
Bosnian	10	0.0
Croatian	5	0.0
Serbian	5	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	20	0.0
German	15	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	70	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	215	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	65	0.1
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	5	0.0
Gujarati	5	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0.0
Urdu	25	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	150	0.2
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	5	0.0
Persian languages	135	0.2
Dari	105	0.2
Iranian Persian	20	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,170	1.9
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	155	0.3
Portuguese	280	0.5
Romanian	125	0.2
Spanish	615	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	15	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0.0
Lingala	15	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	5	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	10	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	0.1
Chinese languages	80	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	65	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	0.1
Lao	40	0.1
Thai	10	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	30	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,305	2.1
English and French	780	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	95	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	295	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	25	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	61,040	100.0
English	985	1.6
French	54,025	88.5
Non-official language	655	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	655	1.1
English and French	3,105	5.1
English and non-official language(s)	245	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	1,160	1.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	835	1.4
Multiple non-official languages	30	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	61,040	100.0
Single responses	59,690	97.8
Official languages	58,460	95.8
English	1,605	2.6
French	56,855	93.1
Non-official languages	1,230	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,230	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	265	0.4
Berber languages	10	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	255	0.4
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	255	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	15	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	20	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	760	1.2
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	20	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	70	0.1
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	5	0.0
Russian	55	0.1
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	20	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	180	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	55	0.1
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	30	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	120	0.2
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	5	0.0
Persian languages	110	0.2
Dari	90	0.1
Iranian Persian	10	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	465	0.8
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	10	0.0
Portuguese	75	0.1
Romanian	80	0.1
Spanish	295	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	20	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	5	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	0.1
Chinese languages	55	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	55	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0.0
Lao	15	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	15	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,350	2.2
English and French	755	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	100	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	360	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	5	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	61,040	100.0
None	56,760	93.0
English	2,180	3.6
French	790	1.3
Non-official language	745	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	745	1.2
English and French	120	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	275	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	115	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	60,850	100.0
Official languages	60,670	99.7
English	28,725	47.2
French	60,155	98.9
Non-official languages	5,235	8.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,230	8.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	920	1.5
Berber languages	80	0.1
Kabyle	50	0.1
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	905	1.5
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	900	1.5
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	220	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	95	0.2
Vietnamese	120	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	0.1
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	300	0.5
Haitian Creole	210	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	30	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	60	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	0.1
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	35	0.1
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,280	5.4
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	65	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	235	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	230	0.4
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	35	0.1
Russian	140	0.2
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	0.1
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	35	0.1
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	95	0.2
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	85	0.1
German	85	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	170	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	325	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	190	0.3
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	60	0.1
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	0.1
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	100	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	180	0.3
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	180	0.3
Dari	140	0.2
Iranian Persian	30	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,515	4.1
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	375	0.6
Portuguese	405	0.7
Romanian	65	0.1
Spanish	1,805	3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	10	0.0
Korean	50	0.1
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	210	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	0.0
Lingala	55	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	40	0.1
Wojenaka	20	0.0
Wolof	40	0.1
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	80	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	60	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	0.2
Chinese languages	110	0.2
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	75	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	0.1
Lao	65	0.1
Thai	10	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	80	0.1
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	60,850	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,020	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	945	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	505	0.8
Métis	435	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	59,830	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	60,850	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	205	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	60,645	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	24,795	100.0
Owner	16,385	66.1
Renter	8,410	33.9
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	24,795	100.0
Condominium	4,150	16.7
Not condominium	20,645	83.3
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	24,795	100.0
No bedrooms	20	0.1
1 bedroom	2,900	11.7
2 bedrooms	7,390	29.8
3 bedrooms	8,770	35.4
4 or more bedrooms	5,710	23.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	24,795	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	7,250	29.2
5 rooms	4,670	18.8
6 rooms	2,985	12.0
7 rooms	2,950	11.9
8 or more rooms	6,935	28.0
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	6.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	24,795	100.0
One person or fewer per room	24,685	99.6
More than one person per room	110	0.4
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	24,795	100.0
Suitable	24,235	97.7
Not suitable	560	2.3
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	24,795	100.0
1960 or before	1,740	7.0
1961 to 1980	2,295	9.3
1981 to 1990	1,910	7.7
1991 to 2000	3,760	15.2
2001 to 2005	2,680	10.8
2006 to 2010	2,845	11.5
2011 to 2015	4,160	16.8
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,400	21.8
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	24,795	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	24,150	97.4
Major repairs needed	645	2.6
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	24,795	100.0
One-maintainer household	11,920	48.1
Two-maintainer household	12,435	50.2
Three-or-more-maintainer household	440	1.8
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	24,795	100.0
15 to 24 years	725	2.9
25 to 34 years	4,665	18.8
35 to 44 years	5,240	21.1
45 to 54 years	4,780	19.3
55 to 64 years	4,615	18.6
65 to 74 years	3,100	12.5
75 to 84 years	1,380	5.6
85 years and over	290	1.2
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	24,550	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	21,200	86.4
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,350	13.6
30% to less than 100%	3,170	12.9
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	24,795	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,370	17.6
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,190	12.9
Not suitable only	485	2.0
Major repairs needed only	500	2.0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	45	0.2
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	115	0.5
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	0.1
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	0.0
Acceptable housing	20,425	82.4
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	24,370	100.0
In core need	1,180	4.8
Not in core need	23,190	95.2
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,185	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	77.1	77.1
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.4	8.4
% in core housing need⁶³	1.6	1.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370	1,370
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,338	1,338
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	400,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	413,600	413,600
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,400	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	2.6	2.6
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.7	23.7
% in core housing need⁶³	11.2	11.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	980	980
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,008	1,008
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	60,850	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,155	1.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,155	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,000	1.6
Métis single ancestry	150	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,700	2.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,700	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,495	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	180	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	57,990	95.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	60,850	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	59,775	98.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,650	24.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	45,125	74.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,075	1.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	60,850	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	57,200	94.0
Immigrants⁸¹	3,350	5.5
Before 1980	450	0.7
1980 to 1990	345	0.6
1991 to 2000	540	0.9
2001 to 2010	965	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,045	1.7
2011 to 2015	585	1.0
2016 to 2021	460	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	300	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,350	100.0
Under 5 years	400	11.9
5 to 14 years	750	22.4
15 to 24 years	575	17.2
25 to 44 years	1,420	42.4
45 years and over	210	6.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,350	100.0
Americas	705	21.0
Brazil	30	0.9
Colombia	155	4.6
El Salvador	40	1.2
Guyana	0	0.0
Haiti	155	4.6
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	55	1.6
Peru	40	1.2
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0.0
United States of America	40	1.2
Other places of birth in Americas	190	5.7
Europe	945	28.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Croatia	10	0.3
France	440	13.1
Germany	20	0.6
Greece	30	0.9
Hungary	0	0.0
Italy	35	1.0
Netherlands	0	0.0
Poland	25	0.7
Portugal	130	3.9
Romania	45	1.3
Russian Federation	35	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Ukraine	45	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0.3
Other places of birth in Europe	105	3.1
Africa	895	26.7
Algeria	140	4.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	65	1.9
Egypt	75	2.2
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	275	8.2
Nigeria	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	340	10.1
Asia	800	23.9
Afghanistan	90	2.7
Iran⁸⁸	30	0.9
Iraq	0	0.0
Lebanon	150	4.5
Syria⁸⁹	25	0.7
Turkey	45	1.3
China⁹⁰	50	1.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	50	1.5
Taiwan	0	0.0
Philippines	35	1.0
Viet Nam	65	1.9
Bangladesh	0	0.0
India	0	0.0
Pakistan	50	1.5
Sri Lanka	40	1.2
Other places of birth in Asia	135	4.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	460	100.0
Americas	100	21.7
Brazil	0	0.0
Colombia	10	2.2
Haiti	25	5.4
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	10	2.2
United States of America	10	2.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	7.6
Europe	145	31.5
France	120	26.1
Germany	0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	5.4
Africa	135	29.3
Algeria	10	2.2
Burundi	0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	3.3
Côte d'Ivoire	10	2.2
Egypt	10	2.2
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	55	12.0
Nigeria	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0
Tunisia	10	2.2
Other places of birth in Africa	15	3.3
Asia	75	16.3
Afghanistan	10	2.2
Bangladesh	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
India	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	2.2
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Jordan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Lebanon	15	3.3
Nepal	0	0.0
Pakistan	15	3.3
Philippines	0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	3.3
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	60,850	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,855	6.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,805	6.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	53,195	87.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,895	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,470	50.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	605	20.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	860	29.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	865	29.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	525	18.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,895	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	255	8.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	245	8.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	80	2.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	155	5.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,150	74.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	60,850	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,985	6.5
South Asian	260	0.4
Chinese	155	0.3
Black	1,175	1.9
Filipino	55	0.1
Arab	945	1.6
Latin American	600	1.0
Southeast Asian	380	0.6
West Asian	195	0.3
Korean	75	0.1
Japanese	0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	120	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	56,865	93.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	60,850	100.0
Canadian	23,305	38.3
English	815	1.3
Irish	3,000	4.9
Scottish	860	1.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,940	21.3
German	705	1.2
Chinese	285	0.5
Italian	1,885	3.1
Indian (India)	130	0.2
Ukrainian	180	0.3
Dutch	35	0.1
Polish	245	0.4
Québécois	9,525	15.7
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	155	0.3
Filipino	65	0.1
French Canadian	4,775	7.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,125	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,335	2.2
Métis	340	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	680	1.1
Russian	80	0.1
Norwegian	75	0.1
Welsh	10	0.0
Portuguese	625	1.0
American	230	0.4
Spanish	405	0.7
Swedish	10	0.0
Hungarian	75	0.1
Acadian	530	0.9
Pakistani	40	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	115	0.2
Jewish	45	0.1
Punjabi	0	0.0
Vietnamese	150	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	280	0.5
Greek	335	0.6
Jamaican	40	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	0.1
Korean	70	0.1
Romanian	60	0.1
Lebanese	345	0.6
Iranian	55	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	780	1.3
Danish	15	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	300	0.5
Sikh	0	0.0
Austrian	20	0.0
Belgian	405	0.7
Haitian	580	1.0
Hindu	0	0.0
Mexican	140	0.2
Mennonite	0	0.0
Swiss	140	0.2
Finnish	15	0.0
Sri Lankan	35	0.1
Croatian	70	0.1
Japanese	0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	130	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	10	0.0
Muslim	120	0.2
Egyptian	125	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	0.1
Tamil	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Colombian	200	0.3
Moroccan	335	0.6
Czech	20	0.0
Syrian	75	0.1
Guyanese	0	0.0
Afghan	130	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0.0
Hong Konger	10	0.0
Ontarian	50	0.1
Persian	0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0.0
Turkish	60	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0.0
Algerian	160	0.3
Brazilian	50	0.1
Nigerian	0	0.0
Armenian	75	0.1
Slovak	20	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0.0
Salvadorean	75	0.1
African Caribbean	25	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	0.0
Algonquin	185	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
South African	0	0.0
Australian	0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0.0
Chilean	70	0.1
Congolese	35	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	0.0
Peruvian	80	0.1
Yoruba	0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	150	0.2
Berber	45	0.1
Albanian	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Slovenian	20	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	85	0.1
New Brunswicker	70	0.1
Gujarati	0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0.0
African Canadian	15	0.0
Israeli	0	0.0
Mohawk	70	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0.0
Albertan	0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0.0
African American	0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0.0
Tunisian	60	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0.0
Cuban	55	0.1
Bosnian	0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	175	0.3
Latvian	15	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Cameroonian	100	0.2
Guatemalan	80	0.1
Indonesian	0	0.0
Laotian	115	0.2
Ilocano	0	0.0
Northern Irish	25	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0.0
British Columbian	0	0.0
Ecuadorian	45	0.1
Franco Ontarian	10	0.0
Argentinian	40	0.1
Estonian	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Jatt	0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	80	0.1
Coptic	35	0.1
Thai	25	0.0
Dominican	30	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Kabyle	50	0.1
Assyrian	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0.0
Abenaki	110	0.2
Moldovan	25	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	70	0.1
New Zealander	0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0.0
Breton	135	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	70	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0.0
Gaspesian	115	0.2
Norman	90	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0.0
Burundian	0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0.0
Mauritian	15	0.0
Kenyan	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0.0
Malayali	0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0.0
Mayan	0	0.0
Honduran	0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0.0
Flemish	0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Goan	0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Azorean	40	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0.0
Central African	0	0.0
Libyan	0	0.0
Basque	0	0.0
Uruguayan	25	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0.0
Igorot	0	0.0
Fulani	0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0
Guinean	50	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0.0
Beninese	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Roma	0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0.0
Karen	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Tajik	0	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	60,850	100.0
Buddhist	225	0.4
Christian	38,855	63.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,170	5.2
Anabaptist	0	0.0
Anglican	35	0.1
Baptist	90	0.1
Catholic	34,475	56.7
Christian Orthodox	405	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	170	0.3
Latter Day Saints	0	0.0
Lutheran	10	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	65	0.1
Presbyterian	0	0.0
Reformed	0	0.0
United Church	35	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	390	0.6
Hindu	45	0.1
Jewish	50	0.1
Muslim	1,140	1.9
Sikh	0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	75	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	20,430	33.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	60,085	100.0
Non-movers	52,455	87.3
Movers	7,630	12.7
Non-migrants	2,860	4.8
Migrants	4,775	7.9
Internal migrants	4,705	7.8
Intraprovincial migrants	4,655	7.7
Interprovincial migrants	55	0.1
External migrants	65	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	56,890	100.0
Non-movers	29,920	52.6
Movers	26,970	47.4
Non-migrants	6,655	11.7
Migrants	20,315	35.7
Internal migrants	19,805	34.8
Intraprovincial migrants	19,550	34.4
Interprovincial migrants	255	0.4
External migrants	515	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	48,240	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,320	21.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,925	78.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,825	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,180	15.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	28,645	84.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	48,245	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,640	17.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,160	23.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,445	59.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,395	44.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,485	21.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,410	15.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,075	6.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,205	19.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,705	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,055	14.6
Bachelor's degree	5,075	10.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	690	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	105	0.2
Master's degree	1,055	2.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	125	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,825	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,845	11.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,370	18.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,610	69.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,365	51.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,715	25.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,115	18.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,600	7.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,305	21.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,345	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,245	18.5
Bachelor's degree	4,490	13.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	595	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	100	0.3
Master's degree	955	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	105	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	48,245	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,800	41.0
Education	1,905	3.9
13. Education	1,905	3.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	955	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	180	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	780	1.6
Humanities	1,095	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	735	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0.0
54. History	45	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,075	4.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	700	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	330	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	0.1
42. Psychology	335	0.7
45. Social sciences	430	0.9
Business, management and public administration	6,310	13.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	405	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,900	12.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	740	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	255	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	150	0.3
40. Physical sciences	140	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	925	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	820	1.7
25. Library science	50	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,120	14.8
04. Architecture and related services	200	0.4
14. Engineering	810	1.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,130	2.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,160	4.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,870	3.9
48. Precision production	950	2.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	620	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	520	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	100	0.2
Health and related fields	3,340	6.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	240	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,085	6.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,355	7.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,385	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0.0
43. Security and protective services	890	1.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,065	2.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	33,825	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,215	30.2
Education	1,520	4.5
13. Education	1,520	4.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	745	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	590	1.7
Humanities	770	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	500	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0.0
54. History	15	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	120	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,810	5.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	205	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	640	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	275	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	0.1
42. Psychology	300	0.9
45. Social sciences	345	1.0
Business, management and public administration	5,370	15.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	355	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,010	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	570	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	230	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	0.1
40. Physical sciences	125	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	800	2.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	720	2.1
25. Library science	45	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,965	17.6
04. Architecture and related services	180	0.5
14. Engineering	740	2.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	890	2.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,805	5.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,565	4.6
48. Precision production	785	2.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	475	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	395	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	0.2
Health and related fields	2,765	8.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	195	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,560	7.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,830	8.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,155	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	765	2.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	905	2.7
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	33,825	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,215	30.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	23,610	69.8
Location of study inside Canada	22,575	66.7
Same as province or territory of residence	22,230	65.7
Different than province or territory of residence	345	1.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,030	3.0
Americas	305	0.9
United States of America	95	0.3
Mexico	30	0.1
Cuba	20	0.1
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Brazil	40	0.1
Colombia	40	0.1
Peru	10	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	60	0.2
Europe	365	1.1
Belgium	0	0.0
France	235	0.7
Germany	0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0.0
Hungary	0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	25	0.1
Poland	0	0.0
Romania	20	0.1
Russian Federation	15	0.0
Ukraine	25	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Italy	15	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0.0
Africa	240	0.7
Nigeria	0	0.0
Algeria	55	0.2
Morocco	95	0.3
Tunisia	10	0.0
Egypt	20	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	50	0.1
Asia	115	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Lebanon	25	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0.0
Taiwan	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Philippines	20	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
India	0	0.0
Pakistan	20	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	20	0.1
Oceania	10	0.0
Australia	10	0.0
New Zealand	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	48,245	...
In the labour force	35,555	...
Employed	33,640	...
Unemployed	1,925	...
Not in the labour force	12,685	...
Participation rate	73.7	73.7
Employment rate	69.7	69.7
Unemployment rate	5.4	5.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	48,245	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	12,660	26.2
Worked	35,585	73.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,485	40.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	16,100	33.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	35,560	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	475	1.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	35,085	98.7
Employee	30,755	86.5
Permanent position	26,805	75.4
Temporary position	3,950	11.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,115	3.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,830	8.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,330	12.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	35,560	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	475	1.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	35,085	98.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	705	2.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,990	16.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,240	6.3
3 Health occupations	2,565	7.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,240	11.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	750	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	8,725	24.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,460	21.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	760	2.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,650	4.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	35,560	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	475	1.3
All industries¹⁹¹	35,085	98.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	630	1.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	125	0.4
22 Utilities	255	0.7
23 Construction	4,200	11.8
31-33 Manufacturing	4,170	11.7
41 Wholesale trade	1,345	3.8
44-45 Retail trade	4,835	13.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,875	5.3
51 Information and cultural industries	405	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	985	2.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	405	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,160	6.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,300	3.7
61 Educational services	2,195	6.2
62 Health care and social assistance	4,530	12.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	525	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	1,580	4.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,595	4.5
91 Public administration	1,925	5.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	37,530	100.0
English	810	2.2
French	27,575	73.5
Non-official language	40	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	0.1
English and French	8,825	23.5
English and non-official language(s)	15	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	55	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	205	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	37,530	100.0
Single responses	36,105	96.2
Official languages	36,050	96.1
English	2,110	5.6
French	33,940	90.4
Non-official languages	55	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	0.1
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0
Russian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	0.1
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0.0
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	25	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,425	3.8
English and French	1,380	3.7
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	37,530	100.0
None	29,780	79.3
English	6,245	16.6
French	1,275	3.4
Non-official language	90	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	90	0.2
English and French	0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	95	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	20	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	33,640	100.0
Worked at home	5,475	16.3
Worked outside Canada	40	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,645	13.8
Usual place of work	23,475	69.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	23,475	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,630	24.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	17,775	75.7
Commute to a different province or territory	70	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	28,125	100.0
Car, truck or van	26,710	95.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	25,655	91.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,050	3.7
Public transit	365	1.3
Walked	640	2.3
Bicycle	110	0.4
Other method	290	1.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	28,125	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	5,830	20.7
15 to 29 minutes	10,940	38.9
30 to 44 minutes	6,790	24.1
45 to 59 minutes	2,465	8.8
60 minutes and over	2,100	7.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	28,125	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,530	12.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,530	19.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,675	27.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,570	16.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,545	9.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,280	15.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	15,065	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,685	11.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,380	88.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,780	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,175	10.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	655	6.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	520	4.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,605	89.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 26, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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