Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Mirabel, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	61,108
Population, 2016¹	50,513
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	21.0
Total private dwellings²	25,514
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	24,795
Population density per square kilometre	126.2
Land area in square kilometres	484.09
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	61,105
0 to 14 years	12,620
0 to 4 years	3,960
5 to 9 years	4,395
10 to 14 years	4,260
15 to 64 years	40,785
15 to 19 years	3,545
20 to 24 years	3,305
25 to 29 years	4,490
30 to 34 years	4,520
35 to 39 years	4,500
40 to 44 years	4,600
45 to 49 years	4,150
50 to 54 years	3,970
55 to 59 years	4,110
60 to 64 years	3,610
65 years and over	7,700
65 to 69 years	2,810
70 to 74 years	2,225
75 to 79 years	1,535
80 to 84 years	715
85 years and over	415
85 to 89 years	290
90 to 94 years	95
95 to 99 years	25
100 years and over	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.7
15 to 64 years	66.7
65 years and over	12.6
85 years and over	0.7
Average age of the population	37.6
Median age of the population	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	24,795
Single-detached house	13,385
Semi-detached house	870
Row house	140
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,615
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,575
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	150
Other single-attached house	60
Movable dwelling⁴	0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	24,795
1 person	6,545
2 persons	8,625
3 persons	3,955
4 persons	3,895
5 or more persons	1,765
Number of persons in private households	60,850
Average household size	2.5
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	48,490
Married or living common-law	30,025
Married	13,805
Living common-law	16,225
Living common law - Never married	13,595
Living common law - Separated	155
Living common law - Divorced	2,235
Living common law - Widowed	245
Not married and not living common-law	18,465
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,690
Not married and not living common law - Separated	580
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,720
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,475
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	17,875
2 persons	8,780
3 persons	3,860
4 persons	3,785
5 or more persons	1,450
Average size of census families	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	17,880
Total couple families	14,900
Married couples	6,790
With children⁶	3,130
Without children	3,665
Common-law couples	8,110
With children⁶	4,630
Without children	3,480
Total one-parent families	2,975
in which the parent is a woman+	2,105
in which the parent is a man+	870
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	60,850
Total - Persons in census families	52,010
Married spouses or common-law partners	29,805
Parents in one-parent families	2,980
Children⁶	19,235
In a two-parent family	14,585
In a one-parent family	4,650
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	8,840
Living alone	6,545
Living with other relatives⁷	1,020
Living with non-relatives only	1,275
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	24,795
One-census-family households without additional persons	16,570
Couple-family households	14,015
With children⁶	7,345
Without children	6,665
One-parent-family households	2,555
Multigenerational households⁸	425
Multiple-census-family households⁹	95
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	515
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	645
One-person households	6,545
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	48,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,090
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,110
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,085
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,485
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,410
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,210
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,055
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	48,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,180
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,350
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,205
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,045
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,485
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,570
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,215
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,915
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,590
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	48,240
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,145
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,560
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	48,240
Without total income	1,155
With total income	47,085
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,670
$10,000 to $19,999	4,490
$20,000 to $29,999	6,315
$30,000 to $39,999	5,855
$40,000 to $49,999	6,235
$50,000 to $59,999	5,445
$60,000 to $69,999	4,180
$70,000 to $79,999	3,230
$80,000 to $89,999	2,555
$90,000 to $99,999	1,815
$100,000 and over	4,295
$100,000 to $149,999	3,340
$150,000 and over	960
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	48,240
Without after-tax income	1,135
With after-tax income	47,105
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,880
$10,000 to $19,999	4,835
$20,000 to $29,999	7,595
$30,000 to $39,999	7,810
$40,000 to $49,999	7,635
$50,000 to $59,999	5,865
$60,000 to $69,999	4,090
$70,000 to $79,999	2,600
$80,000 to $89,999	1,530
$90,000 to $99,999	900
$100,000 and over	1,380
$100,000 to $124,999	850
$125,000 and over	525
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	48,240
Without employment income	9,755
With employment income	38,485
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,275
$5,000 to $9,999	2,805
$10,000 to $19,999	4,345
$20,000 to $29,999	3,695
$30,000 to $39,999	3,935
$40,000 to $49,999	3,985
$50,000 to $59,999	3,450
$60,000 to $69,999	2,930
$70,000 to $79,999	2,320
$80,000 to $89,999	2,060
$90,000 to $99,999	1,355
$100,000 and over	3,320
$100,000 to $124,999	1,895
$125,000 and over	1,430
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	48,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,300
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,325
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	43,470
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,395
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,560
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,560
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	48,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,410
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,440
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	43,440
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,205
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,790
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,345
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,720
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	48,240
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,075
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,830
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	87.6
Employment income (%)	77.0
Government transfers (%)	12.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	24,795
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,545
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	18,250
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	24,795
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,500
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,550
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,840
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,760
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	18,245
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,700
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,700
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	24,795
Under $5,000	90
$5,000 to $9,999	70
$10,000 to $14,999	145
$15,000 to $19,999	250
$20,000 to $24,999	805
$25,000 to $29,999	635
$30,000 to $34,999	615
$35,000 to $39,999	865
$40,000 to $44,999	950
$45,000 to $49,999	970
$50,000 to $59,999	1,840
$60,000 to $69,999	1,805
$70,000 to $79,999	1,670
$80,000 to $89,999	1,735
$90,000 to $99,999	1,690
$100,000 and over	10,660
$100,000 to $124,999	3,465
$125,000 to $149,999	2,585
$150,000 to $199,999	2,875
$200,000 and over	1,730
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	24,795
Under $5,000	120
$5,000 to $9,999	75
$10,000 to $14,999	160
$15,000 to $19,999	275
$20,000 to $24,999	895
$25,000 to $29,999	800
$30,000 to $34,999	825
$35,000 to $39,999	1,165
$40,000 to $44,999	1,155
$45,000 to $49,999	1,190
$50,000 to $59,999	2,230
$60,000 to $69,999	2,215
$70,000 to $79,999	2,185
$80,000 to $89,999	2,060
$90,000 to $99,999	1,790
$100,000 and over	7,655
$100,000 to $124,999	3,505
$125,000 to $149,999	2,070
$150,000 and over	2,080
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,805
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000
Average family size of economic families	3.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,725
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,805
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,860
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	7,815
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,805
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,500
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,780
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,600
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,770
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,870
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,200
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,850
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	60,850
0 to 17 years	14,825
0 to 5 years	4,840
18 to 64 years	38,435
65 years and over	7,590
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,040
0 to 17 years	890
0 to 5 years	310
18 to 64 years	1,975
65 years and over	1,170
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.6
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0
0 to 5 years (%)	6.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.1
65 years and over (%)	15.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	60,850
0 to 17 years	14,825
0 to 5 years	4,840
18 to 64 years	38,435
65 years and over	7,590
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,265
0 to 17 years	215
0 to 5 years	75
18 to 64 years	845
65 years and over	200
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.1
0 to 17 years (%)	1.5
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.2
65 years and over (%)	2.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	60,850
In bottom half of the distribution	29,370
In bottom decile	3,210
In second decile	5,200
In third decile	6,500
In fourth decile	7,060
In fifth decile	7,395
In top half of the distribution	31,475
In sixth decile	7,940
In seventh decile	7,660
In eighth decile	7,050
In ninth decile	5,570
In top decile	3,260
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	60,850
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.266
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.370
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.230
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	61,040
English only	520
French only	32,105
English and French	28,245
Neither English nor French	175
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	61,040
English	2,205
French	57,785
English and French	880
Neither English nor French	170
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	61,040
Single responses	59,735
Official languages	56,970
English	1,520
French	55,450
Non-official languages	2,765
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,765
Afro-Asiatic languages	605
Berber languages	30
Kabyle	20
Tamazight	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	575
Amharic	0
Arabic	575
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85
Khmer (Cambodian)	40
Vietnamese	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	20
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	5
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	5
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	95
Haitian Creole	75
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	5
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	35
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	30
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,650
Albanian	5
Armenian	35
Balto-Slavic languages	130
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	130
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	15
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	20
Russian	65
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	15
Bosnian	10
Croatian	5
Serbian	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	20
Frisian	0
High German languages	20
German	15
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	70
Indo-Iranian languages	215
Indo-Aryan languages	65
Assamese	0
Bengali	5
Gujarati	5
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5
Urdu	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	150
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	5
Parsi	0
Pashto	5
Persian languages	135
Dari	105
Iranian Persian	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,170
Catalan	0
Italian	155
Portuguese	280
Romanian	125
Spanish	615
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	75
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	15
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	5
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	10
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	80
Chinese languages	80
Hakka	0
Mandarin	65
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	50
Lao	40
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	30
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	30
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	5
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,305
English and French	780
English and non-official language(s)	95
French and non-official language(s)	295
English, French and non-official language(s)	110
Multiple non-official languages	25
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	61,040
English	985
French	54,025
Non-official language	655
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	655
English and French	3,105
English and non-official language(s)	245
French and non-official language(s)	1,160
English, French and non-official language(s)	835
Multiple non-official languages	30
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	61,040
Single responses	59,690
Official languages	58,460
English	1,605
French	56,855
Non-official languages	1,230
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,230
Afro-Asiatic languages	265
Berber languages	10
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	255
Amharic	0
Arabic	255
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	15
Vietnamese	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	15
Haitian Creole	10
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	20
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	20
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	760
Albanian	0
Armenian	20
Balto-Slavic languages	70
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	70
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	5
Russian	55
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	20
Indo-Iranian languages	180
Indo-Aryan languages	55
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	120
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	5
Parsi	0
Pashto	5
Persian languages	110
Dari	90
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	465
Catalan	0
Italian	10
Portuguese	75
Romanian	80
Spanish	295
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	20
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	20
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	55
Chinese languages	55
Hakka	0
Mandarin	55
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15
Lao	15
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	15
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	15
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,350
English and French	755
English and non-official language(s)	100
French and non-official language(s)	360
English, French and non-official language(s)	125
Multiple non-official languages	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	61,040
None	56,760
English	2,180
French	790
Non-official language	745
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	745
English and French	120
English and non-official language(s)	275
French and non-official language(s)	115
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	45
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	60,850
Official languages	60,670
English	28,725
French	60,155
Non-official languages	5,235
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,230
Afro-Asiatic languages	920
Berber languages	80
Kabyle	50
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	905
Amharic	0
Arabic	900
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	220
Khmer (Cambodian)	95
Vietnamese	120
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	50
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	15
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	300
Haitian Creole	210
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	30
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	60
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25
Dravidian languages	35
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	35
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	3,280
Albanian	0
Armenian	65
Balto-Slavic languages	235
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	230
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	35
Russian	140
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	45
Bosnian	0
Croatian	35
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	95
Frisian	0
High German languages	85
German	85
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	170
Indo-Iranian languages	325
Indo-Aryan languages	190
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	60
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	100
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	180
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	180
Dari	140
Iranian Persian	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,515
Catalan	0
Italian	375
Portuguese	405
Romanian	65
Spanish	1,805
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	50
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	210
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15
Lingala	55
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	40
Wojenaka	20
Wolof	40
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	80
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	60
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	110
Chinese languages	110
Hakka	0
Mandarin	75
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70
Lao	65
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	80
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	80
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	10
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	60,850
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,020
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	945
First Nations (North American Indian)	505
Métis	435
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55
Non-Indigenous identity	59,830
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	60,850
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	205
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	60,645
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	24,795
Owner	16,385
Renter	8,410
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	24,795
Condominium	4,150
Not condominium	20,645
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	24,795
No bedrooms	20
1 bedroom	2,900
2 bedrooms	7,390
3 bedrooms	8,770
4 or more bedrooms	5,710
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	24,795
1 to 4 rooms	7,250
5 rooms	4,670
6 rooms	2,985
7 rooms	2,950
8 or more rooms	6,935
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	24,795
One person or fewer per room	24,685
More than one person per room	110
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	24,795
Suitable	24,235
Not suitable	560
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	24,795
1960 or before	1,740
1961 to 1980	2,295
1981 to 1990	1,910
1991 to 2000	3,760
2001 to 2005	2,680
2006 to 2010	2,845
2011 to 2015	4,160
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,400
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	24,795
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	24,150
Major repairs needed	645
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	24,795
One-maintainer household	11,920
Two-maintainer household	12,435
Three-or-more-maintainer household	440
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	24,795
15 to 24 years	725
25 to 34 years	4,665
35 to 44 years	5,240
45 to 54 years	4,780
55 to 64 years	4,615
65 to 74 years	3,100
75 to 84 years	1,380
85 years and over	290
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	24,550
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	21,200
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,350
30% to less than 100%	3,170
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	24,795
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,370
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,190
Not suitable only	485
Major repairs needed only	500
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	45
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	115
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	20,425
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	24,370
In core need	1,180
Not in core need	23,190
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,185
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	77.1
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.4
% in core housing need⁶³	1.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,338
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	413,600
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,400
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	2.6
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.7
% in core housing need⁶³	11.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	980
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,008
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	60,850
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,155
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,155
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,000
Métis single ancestry	150
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,700
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,495
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	180
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	57,990
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	60,850
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	59,775
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,650
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	45,125
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,075
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	60,850
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	57,200
Immigrants⁸¹	3,350
Before 1980	450
1980 to 1990	345
1991 to 2000	540
2001 to 2010	965
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,045
2011 to 2015	585
2016 to 2021	460
Non-permanent residents⁸³	300
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,350
Under 5 years	400
5 to 14 years	750
15 to 24 years	575
25 to 44 years	1,420
45 years and over	210
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,350
Americas	705
Brazil	30
Colombia	155
El Salvador	40
Guyana	0
Haiti	155
Jamaica	0
Mexico	55
Peru	40
Trinidad and Tobago	0
United States of America	40
Other places of birth in Americas	190
Europe	945
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	10
France	440
Germany	20
Greece	30
Hungary	0
Italy	35
Netherlands	0
Poland	25
Portugal	130
Romania	45
Russian Federation	35
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	45
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10
Other places of birth in Europe	105
Africa	895
Algeria	140
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	65
Egypt	75
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	275
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other places of birth in Africa	340
Asia	800
Afghanistan	90
Iran⁸⁸	30
Iraq	0
Lebanon	150
Syria⁸⁹	25
Turkey	45
China⁹⁰	50
Hong Kong⁹¹	10
Korea, South⁹²	50
Taiwan	0
Philippines	35
Viet Nam	65
Bangladesh	0
India	0
Pakistan	50
Sri Lanka	40
Other places of birth in Asia	135
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	460
Americas	100
Brazil	0
Colombia	10
Haiti	25
Jamaica	0
Mexico	10
United States of America	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	35
Europe	145
France	120
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0
Other places of birth in Europe	25
Africa	135
Algeria	10
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15
Côte d'Ivoire	10
Egypt	10
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	55
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	10
Other places of birth in Africa	15
Asia	75
Afghanistan	10
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	0
Iran⁸⁸	10
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	15
Nepal	0
Pakistan	15
Philippines	0
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	60,850
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,855
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,805
Third generation or more¹⁰²	53,195
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,895
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,470
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	605
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	860
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	865
Refugees¹⁰⁸	525
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,895
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	255
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	245
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	80
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	155
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,150
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	60,850
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,985
South Asian	260
Chinese	155
Black	1,175
Filipino	55
Arab	945
Latin American	600
Southeast Asian	380
West Asian	195
Korean	75
Japanese	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20
Multiple visible minorities	120
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	56,865
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	60,850
Canadian	23,305
English	815
Irish	3,000
Scottish	860
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,940
German	705
Chinese	285
Italian	1,885
Indian (India)	130
Ukrainian	180
Dutch	35
Polish	245
Québécois	9,525
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	155
Filipino	65
French Canadian	4,775
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,125
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,335
Métis	340
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	680
Russian	80
Norwegian	75
Welsh	10
Portuguese	625
American	230
Spanish	405
Swedish	10
Hungarian	75
Acadian	530
Pakistani	40
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	115
Jewish	45
Punjabi	0
Vietnamese	150
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	280
Greek	335
Jamaican	40
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55
Korean	70
Romanian	60
Lebanese	345
Iranian	55
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	780
Danish	15
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	300
Sikh	0
Austrian	20
Belgian	405
Haitian	580
Hindu	0
Mexican	140
Mennonite	0
Swiss	140
Finnish	15
Sri Lankan	35
Croatian	70
Japanese	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	130
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	10
Muslim	120
Egyptian	125
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65
Tamil	0
Icelandic	0
Colombian	200
Moroccan	335
Czech	20
Syrian	75
Guyanese	0
Afghan	130
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30
Serbian	0
Ojibway	0
Newfoundlander	0
Hong Konger	10
Ontarian	50
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0
Turkish	60
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	160
Brazilian	50
Nigerian	0
Armenian	75
Slovak	20
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	75
African Caribbean	25
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30
Algonquin	185
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	0
South African	0
Australian	0
Palestinian	0
Chilean	70
Congolese	35
Nova Scotian	0
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20
Peruvian	80
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	150
Berber	45
Albanian	0
Maltese	0
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	20
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	85
New Brunswicker	70
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	15
Israeli	0
Mohawk	70
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25
Bulgarian	15
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	0
African American	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10
Tunisian	60
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0
Cuban	55
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	15
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	175
Latvian	15
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	100
Guatemalan	80
Indonesian	0
Laotian	115
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	25
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	45
Franco Ontarian	10
Argentinian	40
Estonian	0
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	80
Coptic	35
Thai	25
Dominican	30
Nepali	0
Kabyle	50
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	110
Moldovan	25
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	70
New Zealander	0
Sudanese	0
Breton	135
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35
Huron (Wendat)	70
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	115
Norman	90
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	15
Mauritian	15
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	40
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	25
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	50
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	10
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	60,850
Buddhist	225
Christian	38,855
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,170
Anabaptist	0
Anglican	35
Baptist	90
Catholic	34,475
Christian Orthodox	405
Jehovah's Witness	170
Latter Day Saints	0
Lutheran	10
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	65
Presbyterian	0
Reformed	0
United Church	35
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	390
Hindu	45
Jewish	50
Muslim	1,140
Sikh	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	75
No religion and secular perspectives	20,430
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	60,085
Non-movers	52,455
Movers	7,630
Non-migrants	2,860
Migrants	4,775
Internal migrants	4,705
Intraprovincial migrants	4,655
Interprovincial migrants	55
External migrants	65
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	56,890
Non-movers	29,920
Movers	26,970
Non-migrants	6,655
Migrants	20,315
Internal migrants	19,805
Intraprovincial migrants	19,550
Interprovincial migrants	255
External migrants	515
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	48,240
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,320
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,925
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,825
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,180
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	28,645
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	48,245
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,640
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,445
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,395
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,485
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,410
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,075
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,205
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,705
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,055
Bachelor's degree	5,075
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	690
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	105
Master's degree	1,055
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	125
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,825
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,845
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,370
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,610
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,365
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,715
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,115
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,600
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,305
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,345
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,245
Bachelor's degree	4,490
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	595
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	100
Master's degree	955
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	105
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	48,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,800
Education	1,905
13. Education	1,905
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	955
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	180
50. Visual and performing arts	780
Humanities	1,095
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135
23. English language and literature/letters	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	735
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	15
54. History	45
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,075
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	700
22. Legal professions and studies	330
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40
42. Psychology	335
45. Social sciences	430
Business, management and public administration	6,310
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	405
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,900
Physical and life sciences and technologies	740
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	255
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	150
40. Physical sciences	140
41. Science technologies/technicians	80
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	925
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	820
25. Library science	50
27. Mathematics and statistics	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,120
04. Architecture and related services	200
14. Engineering	810
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,130
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	2,160
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,870
48. Precision production	950
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	620
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	520
03. Natural resources and conservation	100
Health and related fields	3,340
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	240
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,085
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,355
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,385
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	890
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,065
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	33,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,215
Education	1,520
13. Education	1,520
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	745
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150
50. Visual and performing arts	590
Humanities	770
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115
23. English language and literature/letters	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	500
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0
54. History	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	120
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,810
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	205
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	640
22. Legal professions and studies	275
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35
42. Psychology	300
45. Social sciences	345
Business, management and public administration	5,370
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	355
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,010
Physical and life sciences and technologies	570
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	230
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50
40. Physical sciences	125
41. Science technologies/technicians	70
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	800
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	720
25. Library science	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	30
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,965
04. Architecture and related services	180
14. Engineering	740
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	890
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,805
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,565
48. Precision production	785
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	475
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	395
03. Natural resources and conservation	80
Health and related fields	2,765
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	195
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,560
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,830
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,155
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	765
49. Transportation and materials moving	905
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	33,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,215
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	23,610
Location of study inside Canada	22,575
Same as province or territory of residence	22,230
Different than province or territory of residence	345
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,030
Americas	305
United States of America	95
Mexico	30
Cuba	20
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	40
Colombia	40
Peru	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	15
Other locations of study in Americas	60
Europe	365
Belgium	0
France	235
Germany	0
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	25
Poland	0
Romania	20
Russian Federation	15
Ukraine	25
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	15
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15
Africa	240
Nigeria	0
Algeria	55
Morocco	95
Tunisia	10
Egypt	20
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other locations of study in Africa	50
Asia	115
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	25
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	15
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Philippines	20
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	0
Pakistan	20
Other locations of study in Asia	20
Oceania	10
Australia	10
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	48,245
In the labour force	35,555
Employed	33,640
Unemployed	1,925
Not in the labour force	12,685
Participation rate	73.7
Employment rate	69.7
Unemployment rate	5.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	48,245
Did not work¹⁸⁶	12,660
Worked	35,585
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,485
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	16,100
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	35,560
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	475
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	35,085
Employee	30,755
Permanent position	26,805
Temporary position	3,950
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,115
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,830
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,330
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	35,560
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	475
All occupations¹⁹¹	35,085
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	705
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,990
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,240
3 Health occupations	2,565
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,240
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	750
6 Sales and service occupations	8,725
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,460
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	760
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,650
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	35,560
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	475
All industries¹⁹¹	35,085
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	630
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	125
22 Utilities	255
23 Construction	4,200
31-33 Manufacturing	4,170
41 Wholesale trade	1,345
44-45 Retail trade	4,835
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,875
51 Information and cultural industries	405
52 Finance and insurance	985
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	405
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,160
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,300
61 Educational services	2,195
62 Health care and social assistance	4,530
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	525
72 Accommodation and food services	1,580
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,595
91 Public administration	1,925
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	37,530
English	810
French	27,575
Non-official language	40
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	40
English and French	8,825
English and non-official language(s)	15
French and non-official language(s)	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	205
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	37,530
Single responses	36,105
Official languages	36,050
English	2,110
French	33,940
Non-official languages	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	40
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,425
English and French	1,380
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	37,530
None	29,780
English	6,245
French	1,275
Non-official language	90
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	90
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	95
French and non-official language(s)	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	15
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	33,640
Worked at home	5,475
Worked outside Canada	40
No fixed workplace address	4,645
Usual place of work	23,475
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	23,475
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,630
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	17,775
Commute to a different province or territory	70
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	28,125
Car, truck or van	26,710
Car, truck or van - as a driver	25,655
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,050
Public transit	365
Walked	640
Bicycle	110
Other method	290
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	28,125
Less than 15 minutes	5,830
15 to 29 minutes	10,940
30 to 44 minutes	6,790
45 to 59 minutes	2,465
60 minutes and over	2,100
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	28,125
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,530
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,530
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,675
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,570
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,545
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,280
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	15,065
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,685
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,380
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,780
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,175
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	655
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	520
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,605

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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