Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saguenay, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove		Chicoutimi - JonquièreMore information: Quebec [Population centre] Remove		SaguenayMore information: Quebec [Census metropolitan area] Remove
	Counts	Rates	Counts	Rates	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total	Total	Total	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	144,723	...	103,934	...	161,567	...
Population, 2016¹	145,949	...	104,741^r	...	161,520^r	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.8	- 0.8	- 0.8	- 0.8	0.0	0.0
Total private dwellings²	71,017	...	52,088	...	79,976	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	67,522	...	49,552	...	74,809	...
Population density per square kilometre	128.7	128.7	1,099.1	1,099.1	51.6	51.6
Land area in square kilometres	1,124.63	...	94.56	...	3,133.53	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	144,725	100.0	103,935	100.0	161,570	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,605	14.9	15,070	14.5	24,555	15.2
0 to 4 years	6,600	4.6	4,590	4.4	7,570	4.7
5 to 9 years	7,470	5.2	5,155	5.0	8,530	5.3
10 to 14 years	7,535	5.2	5,330	5.1	8,455	5.2
15 to 64 years	87,180	60.2	62,015	59.7	97,565	60.4
15 to 19 years	6,990	4.8	5,030	4.8	7,795	4.8
20 to 24 years	7,315	5.1	5,675	5.5	7,910	4.9
25 to 29 years	8,195	5.7	6,035	5.8	9,050	5.6
30 to 34 years	8,330	5.8	5,875	5.7	9,320	5.8
35 to 39 years	8,725	6.0	6,040	5.8	9,845	6.1
40 to 44 years	9,105	6.3	6,415	6.2	10,280	6.4
45 to 49 years	7,695	5.3	5,445	5.2	8,645	5.4
50 to 54 years	7,485	5.2	5,305	5.1	8,435	5.2
55 to 59 years	10,750	7.4	7,415	7.1	12,105	7.5
60 to 64 years	12,585	8.7	8,785	8.5	14,185	8.8
65 years and over	35,935	24.8	26,845	25.8	39,445	24.4
65 to 69 years	11,275	7.8	8,010	7.7	12,680	7.8
70 to 74 years	9,260	6.4	6,725	6.5	10,280	6.4
75 to 79 years	6,645	4.6	5,060	4.9	7,270	4.5
80 to 84 years	4,515	3.1	3,550	3.4	4,775	3.0
85 years and over	4,250	2.9	3,500	3.4	4,440	2.7
85 to 89 years	2,585	1.8	2,110	2.0	2,720	1.7
90 to 94 years	1,350	0.9	1,125	1.1	1,395	0.9
95 to 99 years	285	0.2	245	0.2	295	0.2
100 years and over	20	0.0	20	0.0	25	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9	14.9	14.5	14.5	15.2	15.2
15 to 64 years	60.2	60.2	59.7	59.7	60.4	60.4
65 years and over	24.8	24.8	25.8	25.8	24.4	24.4
85 years and over	2.9	2.9	3.4	3.4	2.7	2.7
Average age of the population	45.1	45.1	45.5	45.5	44.9	44.9
Median age of the population	46.0	46.0	46.4	46.4	46.0	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	67,520	100.0	49,555	100.0	74,810	100.0
Single-detached house	32,445	48.1	21,245	42.9	38,465	51.4
Semi-detached house	5,310	7.9	4,040	8.2	5,755	7.7
Row house	1,620	2.4	1,330	2.7	1,660	2.2
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,015	13.4	6,745	13.6	9,325	12.5
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	17,435	25.8	14,890	30.0	17,870	23.9
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,055	1.6	1,045	2.1	1,050	1.4
Other single-attached house	225	0.3	200	0.4	240	0.3
Movable dwelling⁴	425	0.6	50	0.1	445	0.6
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	67,525	100.0	49,550	100.0	74,805	100.0
1 person	24,490	36.3	19,315	39.0	26,450	35.4
2 persons	25,900	38.4	18,340	37.0	28,980	38.7
3 persons	7,640	11.3	5,390	10.9	8,575	11.5
4 persons	6,560	9.7	4,535	9.2	7,410	9.9
5 or more persons	2,930	4.3	1,975	4.0	3,395	4.5
Number of persons in private households	141,115	100.0	100,855	100.0	157,920	100.0
Average household size	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	123,115	100.0	88,860	100.0	137,010	100.0
Married or living common-law	72,470	58.9	49,940	56.2	81,895	59.8
Married	37,740	30.7	25,990	29.2	42,580	31.1
Living common-law	34,730	28.2	23,950	27.0	39,315	28.7
Living common law - Never married	27,765	22.6	19,130	21.5	31,390	22.9
Living common law - Separated	425	0.3	300	0.3	460	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	5,710	4.6	3,935	4.4	6,510	4.8
Living common law - Widowed	835	0.7	585	0.7	960	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	50,645	41.1	38,925	43.8	55,115	40.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	33,045	26.8	25,220	28.4	36,105	26.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,590	1.3	1,195	1.3	1,750	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,935	6.4	6,235	7.0	8,645	6.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,070	6.6	6,275	7.1	8,610	6.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	41,310	100.0	28,805	100.0	46,530	100.0
2 persons	25,270	61.2	17,740	61.6	28,365	61.0
3 persons	7,180	17.4	5,005	17.4	8,100	17.4
4 persons	6,305	15.3	4,345	15.1	7,125	15.3
5 or more persons	2,545	6.2	1,720	6.0	2,940	6.3
Average size of census families	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	41,305	100.0	28,805	100.0	46,525	100.0
Total couple families	35,765	86.6	24,595	85.4	40,445	86.9
Married couples	18,410	44.6	12,630	43.8	20,800	44.7
With children⁶	5,290	12.8	3,610	12.5	5,980	12.9
Without children	13,115	31.8	9,015	31.3	14,825	31.9
Common-law couples	17,355	42.0	11,965	41.5	19,645	42.2
With children⁶	8,595	20.8	5,820	20.2	9,815	21.1
Without children	8,760	21.2	6,145	21.3	9,825	21.1
Total one-parent families	5,540	13.4	4,215	14.6	6,085	13.1
in which the parent is a woman+	3,855	9.3	3,020	10.5	4,180	9.0
in which the parent is a man+	1,685	4.1	1,195	4.1	1,905	4.1
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	141,120	100.0	100,855	100.0	157,920	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	110,740	78.5	76,950	76.3	125,050	79.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	71,525	50.7	49,190	48.8	80,895	51.2
Parents in one-parent families	5,545	3.9	4,210	4.2	6,080	3.9
Children⁶	33,670	23.9	23,550	23.4	38,075	24.1
In a two-parent family	25,410	18.0	17,250	17.1	28,965	18.3
In a one-parent family	8,255	5.8	6,295	6.2	9,110	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	30,375	21.5	23,905	23.7	32,870	20.8
Living alone	24,485	17.4	19,320	19.2	26,450	16.7
Living with other relatives⁷	2,180	1.5	1,595	1.6	2,500	1.6
Living with non-relatives only	3,710	2.6	2,995	3.0	3,920	2.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	67,525	100.0	49,555	100.0	74,810	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	39,660	58.7	27,720	55.9	44,630	59.7
Couple-family households	34,570	51.2	23,820	48.1	39,060	52.2
With children⁶	13,455	19.9	9,160	18.5	15,280	20.4
Without children	21,115	31.3	14,655	29.6	23,785	31.8
One-parent-family households	5,090	7.5	3,895	7.9	5,570	7.4
Multigenerational households⁸	395	0.6	245	0.5	475	0.6
Multiple-census-family households⁹	115	0.2	70	0.1	130	0.2
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	870	1.3	610	1.2	980	1.3
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,990	2.9	1,585	3.2	2,145	2.9
One-person households	24,485	36.3	19,315	39.0	26,450	35.4
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	119,590	100.0	85,850	100.0	133,440	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	117,360	98.1	84,260	98.1	130,890	98.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	41,600	40,400	40,400	41,600	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	117,380	98.2	84,280	98.2	130,910	98.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	36,400	35,600	35,600	36,800	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	104,275	87.2	74,280	86.5	116,390	87.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	34,400	33,200	33,200	34,400	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,230	68.8	58,095	67.7	92,055	69.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	35,200	34,400	34,400	35,600	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,345	82.2	71,350	83.1	109,620	82.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,900	11,900	12,100	12,100	11,900	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,465	13.8	11,440	13.3	19,050	14.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,360	5,360	5,240	5,240	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,240	24.5	21,280	24.8	32,845	24.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	119,590	100.0	85,945	100.0	133,435	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	117,260	98.1	84,275	98.1	130,735	98.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,080	49,080	48,400	48,400	49,000	49,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	117,295	98.1	84,295	98.1	130,775	98.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680	40,680	40,200	40,200	40,640	40,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	104,380	87.3	74,405	86.6	116,415	87.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,480	43,480	42,760	42,760	43,320	43,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,230	68.8	58,140	67.6	92,045	69.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,280	44,280	43,520	43,520	44,120	44,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	98,225	82.1	71,345	83.0	109,390	82.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,420	12,420	12,580	12,580	12,470	12,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,350	13.7	11,325	13.2	18,915	14.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,770	6,770	6,710	6,710	6,860	6,860
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,955	24.2	21,135	24.6	32,495	24.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,400	7,400	7,540	7,540	7,360	7,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	119,585	100.0	85,940	100.0	133,435	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	38,620	32.3	26,860	31.3	42,995	32.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	57,200	56,400	56,400	56,800	56,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,400	66,400	66,300	66,300	66,100	66,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,115	26.9	23,055	26.8	36,200	27.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	20,200	19,400	19,400	20,400	20,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,360	29,360	28,360	28,360	29,440	29,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.8	78.8	78.0	78.0	78.8	78.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.2	63.2	62.0	62.0	63.3	63.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.2	21.2	22.0	22.0	21.3	21.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	2.0	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	4.5	4.7	4.7	4.5	4.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.9	3.7	3.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	119,595	100.0	85,855	100.0	133,445	100.0
Without total income	2,235	1.9	1,590	1.9	2,555	1.9
With total income	117,360	98.1	84,260	98.1	130,885	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,645	6.5	5,410	6.4	8,575	6.6
$10,000 to $19,999	14,720	12.5	10,925	13.0	16,330	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	18,790	16.0	14,080	16.7	20,855	15.9
$30,000 to $39,999	15,300	13.0	11,190	13.3	17,060	13.0
$40,000 to $49,999	15,495	13.2	11,135	13.2	17,310	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	13,085	11.1	9,285	11.0	14,615	11.2
$60,000 to $69,999	9,215	7.9	6,395	7.6	10,330	7.9
$70,000 to $79,999	6,105	5.2	4,065	4.8	6,870	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	4,735	4.0	3,285	3.9	5,300	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	3,035	2.6	2,115	2.5	3,400	2.6
$100,000 and over	9,235	7.9	6,370	7.6	10,235	7.8
$100,000 to $149,999	7,010	6.0	4,735	5.6	7,800	6.0
$150,000 and over	2,220	1.9	1,640	1.9	2,440	1.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	119,595	100.0	85,855	100.0	133,445	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,210	1.8	1,575	1.8	2,530	1.9
With after-tax income	117,385	98.2	84,275	98.2	130,915	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,510	7.2	6,025	7.1	9,525	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	15,300	13.0	11,330	13.4	17,000	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	22,255	19.0	16,625	19.7	24,670	18.8
$30,000 to $39,999	19,495	16.6	14,235	16.9	21,800	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	18,400	15.7	13,030	15.5	20,620	15.8
$50,000 to $59,999	12,610	10.7	8,660	10.3	14,135	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	7,680	6.5	5,225	6.2	8,585	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,775	4.1	3,335	4.0	5,315	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,190	2.7	2,170	2.6	3,570	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,935	1.6	1,310	1.6	2,145	1.6
$100,000 and over	3,240	2.8	2,325	2.8	3,545	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,900	1.6	1,325	1.6	2,100	1.6
$125,000 and over	1,345	1.1	1,000	1.2	1,450	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	119,595	100.0	85,855	100.0	133,445	100.0
Without employment income	37,365	31.2	27,760	32.3	41,390	31.0
With employment income	82,235	68.8	58,090	67.7	92,050	69.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,140	14.8	8,770	15.1	13,500	14.7
$5,000 to $9,999	5,880	7.2	4,310	7.4	6,530	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	9,695	11.8	6,980	12.0	10,860	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	8,740	10.6	6,270	10.8	9,815	10.7
$30,000 to $39,999	8,655	10.5	6,110	10.5	9,730	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	8,440	10.3	5,985	10.3	9,510	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	6,505	7.9	4,535	7.8	7,360	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,340	6.5	3,600	6.2	5,990	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,960	4.8	2,555	4.4	4,440	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,560	4.3	2,490	4.3	3,980	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,145	2.6	1,520	2.6	2,375	2.6
$100,000 and over	7,180	8.7	4,965	8.5	7,960	8.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,890	4.7	2,615	4.5	4,340	4.7
$125,000 and over	3,295	4.0	2,350	4.0	3,620	3.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	119,590	100.0	85,850	100.0	133,440	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	115,825	96.9	83,145	96.8	129,210	96.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	39,200	38,000	38,000	39,200	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	116,025	97.0	83,265	97.0	129,430	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	34,400	33,600	33,600	34,800	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	103,040	86.2	73,490	85.6	115,005	86.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	35,200	34,000	34,000	35,200	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,885	69.3	58,545	68.2	92,850	69.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	35,600	34,800	34,800	36,000	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,815	75.9	66,005	76.9	101,245	75.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	9,000	9,200	9,200	9,100	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15,820	13.2	10,695	12.5	18,525	13.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,760	4,760	4,720	4,720	4,880	4,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	119,590	100.0	85,945	100.0	133,435	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	115,760	96.8	83,130	96.7	129,070	96.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,040	47,040	46,240	46,240	47,080	47,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	115,975	97.0	83,260	96.9	129,310	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	38,800	38,200	38,200	38,800	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,980	86.1	73,460	85.5	114,865	86.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,120	44,120	43,320	43,320	44,080	44,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,890	69.3	58,600	68.2	92,825	69.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,280	44,280	43,480	43,480	44,200	44,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,780	75.9	66,010	76.8	101,170	75.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,960	9,960	10,050	10,050	10,010	10,010
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,840	13.2	10,705	12.5	18,485	13.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,460	6,460	6,570	6,570	6,510	6,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	119,585	100.0	85,940	100.0	133,435	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	38,530	32.2	26,750	31.1	42,905	32.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	54,000	53,600	53,600	54,000	54,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,250	63,250	63,100	63,100	63,000	63,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,430	25.4	21,755	25.3	34,295	25.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	24,200	23,400	23,400	24,400	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,440	33,440	32,400	32,400	33,600	33,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.4	83.4	82.8	82.8	83.4	83.4
Employment income (%)	67.4	67.4	66.2	66.2	67.6	67.6
Government transfers (%)	16.6	16.6	17.2	17.2	16.7	16.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.8	2.0	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	67,525	...	49,555	...	74,805	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	69,000	65,500	65,500	70,000	70,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,000	60,000	57,200	57,200	61,200	61,200
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	24,485	...	19,315	...	26,450	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	36,800	35,200	35,200	37,200	37,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	32,800	31,800	31,800	33,200	33,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	43,035	...	30,235	...	48,360	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	94,000	92,000	92,000	94,000	94,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	80,000	79,000	79,000	81,000	81,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	67,525	...	49,590	...	74,805	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,300	85,300	82,200	82,200	85,700	85,700
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,700	70,700	68,300	68,300	71,000	71,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	24,460	...	19,280	...	26,470	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,160	43,160	41,320	41,320	43,760	43,760
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,680	36,680	35,360	35,360	37,120	37,120
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	43,065	...	30,315	...	48,335	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,200	109,200	108,300	108,300	108,600	108,600
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	90,000	89,300	89,300	89,600	89,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	67,525	100.0	49,555	100.0	74,805	100.0
Under $5,000	390	0.6	340	0.7	425	0.6
$5,000 to $9,999	435	0.6	360	0.7	460	0.6
$10,000 to $14,999	1,130	1.7	930	1.9	1,200	1.6
$15,000 to $19,999	1,675	2.5	1,410	2.8	1,775	2.4
$20,000 to $24,999	4,530	6.7	3,700	7.5	4,860	6.5
$25,000 to $29,999	2,560	3.8	2,070	4.2	2,755	3.7
$30,000 to $34,999	2,540	3.8	2,040	4.1	2,775	3.7
$35,000 to $39,999	3,275	4.9	2,540	5.1	3,605	4.8
$40,000 to $44,999	3,240	4.8	2,495	5.0	3,585	4.8
$45,000 to $49,999	3,125	4.6	2,415	4.9	3,440	4.6
$50,000 to $59,999	5,850	8.7	4,265	8.6	6,400	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,500	8.1	3,980	8.0	6,080	8.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,665	6.9	3,370	6.8	5,180	6.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,175	6.2	2,930	5.9	4,755	6.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,710	5.5	2,605	5.3	4,210	5.6
$100,000 and over	20,725	30.7	14,100	28.5	23,315	31.2
$100,000 to $124,999	7,200	10.7	4,940	10.0	8,160	10.9
$125,000 to $149,999	4,875	7.2	3,245	6.5	5,550	7.4
$150,000 to $199,999	5,270	7.8	3,505	7.1	5,905	7.9
$200,000 and over	3,385	5.0	2,415	4.9	3,695	4.9
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	67,525	100.0	49,555	100.0	74,805	100.0
Under $5,000	460	0.7	395	0.8	500	0.7
$5,000 to $9,999	440	0.7	370	0.7	470	0.6
$10,000 to $14,999	1,160	1.7	955	1.9	1,230	1.6
$15,000 to $19,999	1,750	2.6	1,460	2.9	1,860	2.5
$20,000 to $24,999	4,820	7.1	3,945	8.0	5,165	6.9
$25,000 to $29,999	3,180	4.7	2,590	5.2	3,455	4.6
$30,000 to $34,999	3,290	4.9	2,625	5.3	3,555	4.8
$35,000 to $39,999	4,110	6.1	3,155	6.4	4,550	6.1
$40,000 to $44,999	4,095	6.1	3,090	6.2	4,495	6.0
$45,000 to $49,999	3,410	5.0	2,550	5.1	3,780	5.1
$50,000 to $59,999	6,920	10.2	4,940	10.0	7,615	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,985	8.9	4,325	8.7	6,700	9.0
$70,000 to $79,999	5,215	7.7	3,640	7.3	5,905	7.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,660	6.9	3,285	6.6	5,245	7.0
$90,000 to $99,999	3,710	5.5	2,540	5.1	4,260	5.7
$100,000 and over	14,310	21.2	9,685	19.5	16,025	21.4
$100,000 to $124,999	6,535	9.7	4,315	8.7	7,405	9.9
$125,000 to $149,999	3,820	5.7	2,565	5.2	4,295	5.7
$150,000 and over	3,960	5.9	2,805	5.7	4,330	5.8
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	41,615	...	29,100	...	46,870	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	95,000	93,000	93,000	95,000	95,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	81,000	79,500	79,500	81,000	81,000
Average family size of economic families	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	21,270	...	14,775	...	23,950	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	81,000	80,000	80,000	81,000	81,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	70,000	69,500	69,500	70,000	70,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,935	...	9,460	...	15,860	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	137,000	137,000	137,000	135,000	135,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	113,000	114,000	114,000	113,000	113,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,445	...	4,150	...	5,965	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	66,500	66,000	66,000	66,500	66,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	60,000	59,600	59,600	60,000	60,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	28,200	...	22,310	...	30,375	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	35,600	34,000	34,000	36,000	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800	31,800	30,800	30,800	32,000	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	41,570	...	29,105	...	46,785	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	110,000	109,300	109,300	109,400	109,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,500	90,500	89,900	89,900	90,100	90,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	21,220	...	14,810	...	23,885	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	93,000	92,300	92,300	92,400	92,400
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,300	77,300	76,700	76,700	76,900	76,900
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,040	...	9,585	...	15,915	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,800	149,800	151,600	151,600	148,400	148,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,900	120,900	122,100	122,100	119,900	119,900
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,335	...	4,055	...	5,875	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,100	76,100	75,700	75,700	76,000	76,000
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,900	64,900	64,600	64,600	64,900	64,900
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	28,255	...	22,375	...	30,415	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,880	41,880	40,080	40,080	42,480	42,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,760	35,760	34,440	34,440	36,120	36,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	141,115	100.0	100,855	100.0	157,915	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,575	18.1	17,840	17.7	29,060	18.4
0 to 5 years	8,065	5.7	5,605	5.6	9,245	5.9
18 to 64 years	82,590	58.5	58,725	58.2	92,420	58.5
65 years and over	32,950	23.3	24,290	24.1	36,440	23.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,305	...	12,990	...	17,925	...
0 to 17 years	1,880	...	1,475	...	2,130	...
0 to 5 years	595	...	445	...	695	...
18 to 64 years	7,905	...	6,480	...	8,525	...
65 years and over	6,515	...	5,040	...	7,265	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.6	11.6	12.9	12.9	11.4	11.4
0 to 17 years (%)	7.4	7.4	8.3	8.3	7.3	7.3
0 to 5 years (%)	7.4	7.4	8.0	8.0	7.5	7.5
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.6	11.0	11.0	9.2	9.2
65 years and over (%)	19.8	19.8	20.7	20.7	19.9	19.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	141,120	100.0	100,850	100.0	157,920	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,575	18.1	17,840	17.7	29,055	18.4
0 to 5 years	8,065	5.7	5,610	5.6	9,245	5.9
18 to 64 years	82,590	58.5	58,720	58.2	92,420	58.5
65 years and over	32,955	23.4	24,290	24.1	36,445	23.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,410	...	4,745	...	5,655	...
0 to 17 years	490	...	405	...	530	...
0 to 5 years	155	...	125	...	160	...
18 to 64 years	4,370	...	3,860	...	4,535	...
65 years and over	555	...	480	...	595	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8	3.8	4.7	4.7	3.6	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	1.9	1.9	2.3	2.3	1.8	1.8
0 to 5 years (%)	1.9	1.9	2.2	2.2	1.8	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	5.3	5.3	6.6	6.6	4.9	4.9
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.7	2.0	2.0	1.6	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	141,115	100.0	100,855	100.0	157,920	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	79,355	56.2	58,540	58.0	88,730	56.2
In bottom decile	13,750	9.7	11,160	11.1	14,945	9.5
In second decile	15,195	10.8	11,525	11.4	17,045	10.8
In third decile	15,925	11.3	11,620	11.5	17,755	11.2
In fourth decile	18,055	12.8	12,805	12.7	20,315	12.9
In fifth decile	16,440	11.7	11,420	11.3	18,670	11.8
In top half of the distribution	61,755	43.8	42,320	42.0	69,190	43.8
In sixth decile	16,045	11.4	10,940	10.8	18,225	11.5
In seventh decile	14,800	10.5	10,025	9.9	16,720	10.6
In eighth decile	13,295	9.4	9,065	9.0	14,900	9.4
In ninth decile	10,585	7.5	7,155	7.1	11,685	7.4
In top decile	7,035	5.0	5,125	5.1	7,655	4.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	141,120	141,120	100,850	100,850	157,920	157,920
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	0.298	0.308	0.308	0.295	0.295
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.421	0.421	0.436	0.436	0.418	0.418
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.256	0.256	0.264	0.264	0.254	0.254
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.2	3.2
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	143,395	100.0	102,755	100.0	160,215	100.0
English only	325	0.2	175	0.2	345	0.2
French only	107,930	75.3	76,555	74.5	121,725	76.0
English and French	35,035	24.4	25,925	25.2	38,030	23.7
Neither English nor French	110	0.1	95	0.1	115	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	143,395	100.0	102,755	100.0	160,215	100.0
English	1,375	1.0	865	0.8	1,470	0.9
French	141,550	98.7	101,510	98.8	158,250	98.8
English and French	380	0.3	300	0.3	400	0.2
Neither English nor French	95	0.1	80	0.1	100	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	143,395	100.0	102,755	100.0	160,215	100.0
Single responses	142,425	99.3	102,055	99.3	159,175	99.4
Official languages	140,855	98.2	100,665	98.0	157,550	98.3
English	1,215	0.8	755	0.7	1,300	0.8
French	139,640	97.4	99,905	97.2	156,245	97.5
Non-official languages	1,570	1.1	1,390	1.4	1,620	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	125	0.1	120	0.1	125	0.1
Algonquian languages	120	0.1	120	0.1	125	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	120	0.1	115	0.1	120	0.1
Atikamekw	65	0.0	65	0.1	65	0.0
Cree languages	5	0.0	0	0.0	5	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	45	0.0	45	0.0	50	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,445	1.0	1,270	1.2	1,500	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	365	0.3	340	0.3	365	0.2
Berber languages	35	0.0	30	0.0	35	0.0
Kabyle	30	0.0	25	0.0	30	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	325	0.2	315	0.3	330	0.2
Amharic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arabic	320	0.2	310	0.3	320	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0.0	5	0.0	5	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	0.0	20	0.0	25	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0.0	5	0.0	10	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	0.1	70	0.1	75	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	45	0.0	45	0.0	45	0.0
Merina	45	0.0	45	0.0	45	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0.0	5	0.0	5	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0.0	20	0.0	20	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages	35	0.0	35	0.0	35	0.0
Haitian Creole	25	0.0	20	0.0	25	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0.0	5	0.0	5	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0	5	0.0	5	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0.0	10	0.0	5	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0.0	5	0.0	5	0.0
Tamil	5	0.0	0	0.0	5	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	725	0.5	610	0.6	755	0.5
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	0.1	60	0.1	80	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages	75	0.1	55	0.1	85	0.1
Belarusian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Czech	5	0.0	0	0.0	5	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	15	0.0	15	0.0	20	0.0
Russian	25	0.0	15	0.0	25	0.0
Rusyn	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	0.0	15	0.0	20	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	10	0.0	5	0.0	10	0.0
Serbian	15	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0.0	5	0.0	5	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	0.0	35	0.0	50	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	35	0.0	25	0.0	35	0.0
German	35	0.0	20	0.0	35	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dutch	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	10	0.0	5	0.0	10	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	75	0.1	75	0.1	80	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0.0	5	0.0	5	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	5	0.0	5	0.0	5	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	0.0	70	0.1	70	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian languages	65	0.0	70	0.1	70	0.0
Dari	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	0.0	60	0.1	60	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	510	0.4	435	0.4	535	0.3
Catalan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italian	40	0.0	30	0.0	40	0.0
Portuguese	100	0.1	90	0.1	95	0.1
Romanian	15	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
Spanish	365	0.3	305	0.3	380	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0	5	0.0	5	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0	0	0.0	5	0.0
Korean	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	95	0.1	90	0.1	100	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0.0	5	0.0	5	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Éwé	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0	0	0.0	5	0.0
Lingala	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0.0	5	0.0	5	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0.0	0	0.0	5	0.0
Wolof	30	0.0	30	0.0	30	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	0.0	15	0.0	20	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0.0	0	0.0	10	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0	5	0.0	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	0.0	60	0.1	75	0.0
Chinese languages	70	0.0	60	0.1	75	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mandarin	60	0.0	50	0.0	60	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0.0	5	0.0	5	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0.0	0	0.0	5	0.0
Lao	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	0	0.0	5	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	5	0.0	5	0.0	5	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	5	0.0	5	0.0	5	0.0
Hungarian	15	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple responses	970	0.7	705	0.7	1,045	0.7
English and French	660	0.5	435	0.4	720	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	25	0.0	20	0.0	25	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	240	0.2	210	0.2	250	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	0.0	20	0.0	30	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	0.0	20	0.0	25	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	143,395	100.0	102,755	100.0	160,215	100.0
English	605	0.4	315	0.3	640	0.4
French	138,080	96.3	98,835	96.2	154,575	96.5
Non-official language	355	0.2	330	0.3	360	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	45	0.0	45	0.0	45	0.0
Non-Indigenous	310	0.2	280	0.3	315	0.2
English and French	3,045	2.1	2,160	2.1	3,275	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	80	0.1	70	0.1	85	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	885	0.6	795	0.8	915	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	325	0.2	255	0.2	345	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	10	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	143,395	100.0	102,755	100.0	160,215	100.0
Single responses	142,600	99.4	102,170	99.4	159,360	99.5
Official languages	141,920	99.0	101,540	98.8	158,665	99.0
English	955	0.7	525	0.5	1,020	0.6
French	140,965	98.3	101,010	98.3	157,650	98.4
Non-official languages	680	0.5	630	0.6	695	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	0.0	60	0.1	60	0.0
Algonquian languages	60	0.0	60	0.1	60	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	0.0	60	0.1	60	0.0
Atikamekw	40	0.0	40	0.0	40	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	25	0.0	25	0.0	25	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	620	0.4	570	0.6	635	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	0.1	135	0.1	140	0.1
Berber languages	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Kabyle	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	130	0.1	125	0.1	130	0.1
Amharic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arabic	130	0.1	125	0.1	130	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0.0	0	0.0	5	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	0.0	20	0.0	20	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
Merina	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0.0	5	0.0	5	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0.0	5	0.0	5	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0.0	0	0.0	5	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	345	0.2	320	0.3	355	0.2
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	0.0	30	0.0	40	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	0.0	30	0.0	35	0.0
Belarusian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0	0	0.0	5	0.0
Russian	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
Rusyn	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbian	10	0.0	5	0.0	10	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
German	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	0.0	55	0.1	55	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	0.0	50	0.0	50	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian languages	50	0.0	50	0.0	50	0.0
Dari	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	0.0	40	0.0	40	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	240	0.2	220	0.2	250	0.2
Catalan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Portuguese	55	0.0	55	0.1	55	0.0
Romanian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Spanish	180	0.1	165	0.2	190	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	0.0	20	0.0	15	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolof	5	0.0	5	0.0	10	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	20	0.0	15	0.0	20	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0.0	5	0.0	10	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	0.0	40	0.0	50	0.0
Chinese languages	50	0.0	40	0.0	50	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mandarin	35	0.0	30	0.0	35	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	5	0.0
Lao	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	0	0.0	5	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0.0	5	0.0	5	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple responses	795	0.6	590	0.6	850	0.5
English and French	505	0.4	335	0.3	550	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	15	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	235	0.2	210	0.2	245	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	0.0	30	0.0	35	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0.0	5	0.0	10	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	143,395	100.0	102,755	100.0	160,215	100.0
None	139,760	97.5	100,000	97.3	156,350	97.6
English	2,330	1.6	1,710	1.7	2,495	1.6
French	510	0.4	375	0.4	535	0.3
Non-official language	510	0.4	430	0.4	525	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	35	0.0	35	0.0	40	0.0
Non-Indigenous	475	0.3	395	0.4	490	0.3
English and French	50	0.0	45	0.0	50	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	165	0.1	125	0.1	175	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	0.0	25	0.0	35	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0.0	5	0.0	5	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	0.0	25	0.0	35	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	141,115	100.0	101,045	100.0	157,900	100.0
Official languages	141,015	99.9	100,965	99.9	157,795	99.9
English	35,205	24.9	26,130	25.9	38,130	24.1
French	140,670	99.7	100,775	99.7	157,440	99.7
Non-official languages	4,740	3.4	3,905	3.9	4,950	3.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	205	0.1	200	0.2	205	0.1
Algonquian languages	170	0.1	170	0.2	170	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	170	0.1	170	0.2	170	0.1
Atikamekw	115	0.1	115	0.1	115	0.1
Cree languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	55	0.0	55	0.1	55	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	0.0	15	0.0	25	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	0.0	15	0.0	25	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,540	3.2	3,710	3.7	4,750	3.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	505	0.4	485	0.5	510	0.3
Berber languages	70	0.0	70	0.1	70	0.0
Kabyle	45	0.0	45	0.0	45	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	0.0	20	0.0	20	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mina	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	475	0.3	460	0.5	485	0.3
Amharic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arabic	465	0.3	455	0.5	475	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	0.0	20	0.0	35	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	0.0	20	0.0	30	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	0.1	105	0.1	110	0.1
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	30	0.0	0	0.0	30	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	50	0.0	50	0.0	50	0.0
Merina	35	0.0	35	0.0	35	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	0.0	50	0.0	55	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages	125	0.1	115	0.1	125	0.1
Haitian Creole	60	0.0	55	0.1	60	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	0.0	55	0.1	55	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,300	2.3	2,590	2.6	3,480	2.2
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	170	0.1	130	0.1	170	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages	170	0.1	130	0.1	170	0.1
Belarusian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	60	0.0	60	0.1	60	0.0
Russian	80	0.1	55	0.1	80	0.1
Rusyn	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	0.0	10	0.0	25	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbian	25	0.0	10	0.0	25	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	0.0	35	0.0	35	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	305	0.2	230	0.2	320	0.2
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	260	0.2	200	0.2	275	0.2
German	250	0.2	185	0.2	265	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	0.0	25	0.0	30	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dutch	30	0.0	25	0.0	30	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	20	0.0	20	0.0	20	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	0.0	55	0.1	60	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	0.0	40	0.0	45	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian languages	40	0.0	40	0.0	45	0.0
Dari	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	0.0	40	0.0	40	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	10	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,845	2.0	2,225	2.2	3,010	1.9
Catalan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italian	170	0.1	125	0.1	170	0.1
Portuguese	145	0.1	125	0.1	150	0.1
Romanian	25	0.0	0	0.0	25	0.0
Spanish	2,590	1.8	2,060	2.0	2,750	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	10	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	90	0.1	60	0.1	105	0.1
Korean	15	0.0	0	0.0	15	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	305	0.2	290	0.3	315	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Éwé	25	0.0	25	0.0	25	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	0.0	30	0.0	30	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0	0	0.0	15	0.0
Lingala	30	0.0	25	0.0	30	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mòoré	20	0.0	20	0.0	20	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	25	0.0	20	0.0	30	0.0
Wojenaka	45	0.0	40	0.0	45	0.0
Wolof	80	0.1	80	0.1	80	0.1
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	0.1	75	0.1	90	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	95	0.1	65	0.1	105	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	60	0.0	40	0.0	65	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	0.0	20	0.0	40	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	0.1	85	0.1	100	0.1
Chinese languages	90	0.1	80	0.1	95	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mandarin	75	0.1	70	0.1	85	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0.0	15	0.0	25	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	0.0	25	0.0	30	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	0.0	20	0.0	20	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	15	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	0.0	15	0.0	30	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hungarian	30	0.0	15	0.0	30	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	141,120	100.0	101,045	100.0	157,900	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,370	3.8	3,810	3.8	6,190	3.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,015	3.6	3,555	3.5	5,785	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,305	1.6	1,750	1.7	2,570	1.6
Métis	2,650	1.9	1,745	1.7	3,130	2.0
Inuk (Inuit)	60	0.0	55	0.1	80	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	90	0.1	70	0.1	105	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	265	0.2	190	0.2	305	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	135,750	96.2	97,235	96.2	151,705	96.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	141,120	100.0	101,045	100.0	157,900	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,695	1.2	1,320	1.3	1,860	1.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	139,415	98.8	99,725	98.7	156,035	98.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	67,525	100.0	49,590	100.0	74,800	100.0
Owner	41,795	61.9	28,745	58.0	47,915	64.1
Renter	25,730	38.1	20,850	42.0	26,885	35.9
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	67,525	100.0	49,590	100.0	74,800	100.0
Condominium	6,950	10.3	5,905	11.9	7,170	9.6
Not condominium	60,570	89.7	43,685	88.1	67,635	90.4
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	67,525	100.0	49,590	100.0	74,800	100.0
No bedrooms	190	0.3	180	0.4	205	0.3
1 bedroom	8,465	12.5	6,990	14.1	9,150	12.2
2 bedrooms	20,440	30.3	15,415	31.1	22,495	30.1
3 bedrooms	22,550	33.4	15,540	31.3	25,125	33.6
4 or more bedrooms	15,875	23.5	11,470	23.1	17,825	23.8
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	67,525	100.0	49,590	100.0	74,800	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	21,080	31.2	17,135	34.6	22,345	29.9
5 rooms	11,230	16.6	7,920	16.0	12,695	17.0
6 rooms	7,825	11.6	5,265	10.6	8,960	12.0
7 rooms	7,885	11.7	5,350	10.8	8,945	12.0
8 or more rooms	19,490	28.9	13,920	28.1	21,855	29.2
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	6.1	6.0	6.0	6.2	6.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	67,525	100.0	49,590	100.0	74,800	100.0
One person or fewer per room	67,425	99.9	49,515	99.8	74,675	99.8
More than one person per room	95	0.1	75	0.2	125	0.2
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	67,525	100.0	49,590	100.0	74,800	100.0
Suitable	66,925	99.1	49,145	99.1	74,115	99.1
Not suitable	600	0.9	445	0.9	685	0.9
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	67,525	100.0	49,590	100.0	74,800	100.0
1960 or before	17,540	26.0	13,880	28.0	18,605	24.9
1961 to 1980	23,255	34.4	16,940	34.2	25,630	34.3
1981 to 1990	9,340	13.8	6,815	13.7	10,420	13.9
1991 to 2000	6,770	10.0	4,635	9.3	7,520	10.1
2001 to 2005	2,110	3.1	1,430	2.9	2,415	3.2
2006 to 2010	2,745	4.1	1,825	3.7	3,260	4.4
2011 to 2015	3,365	5.0	2,435	4.9	4,085	5.5
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,400	3.6	1,625	3.3	2,870	3.8
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	67,525	100.0	49,590	100.0	74,800	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	64,365	95.3	47,245	95.3	71,245	95.2
Major repairs needed	3,160	4.7	2,345	4.7	3,565	4.8
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	67,525	100.0	49,590	100.0	74,800	100.0
One-maintainer household	39,450	58.4	29,845	60.2	43,340	57.9
Two-maintainer household	27,200	40.3	19,095	38.5	30,490	40.8
Three-or-more-maintainer household	865	1.3	650	1.3	965	1.3
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	67,525	100.0	49,590	100.0	74,800	100.0
15 to 24 years	2,540	3.8	2,140	4.3	2,645	3.5
25 to 34 years	8,915	13.2	6,605	13.3	9,820	13.1
35 to 44 years	10,635	15.7	7,585	15.3	11,930	15.9
45 to 54 years	9,165	13.6	6,605	13.3	10,295	13.8
55 to 64 years	14,070	20.8	10,040	20.2	15,735	21.0
65 to 74 years	13,000	19.3	9,500	19.2	14,485	19.4
75 to 84 years	7,115	10.5	5,445	11.0	7,690	10.3
85 years and over	2,080	3.1	1,680	3.4	2,205	2.9
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	67,240	100.0	49,440	100.0	74,470	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	59,035	87.8	42,670	86.3	65,700	88.2
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,210	12.2	6,770	13.7	8,770	11.8
30% to less than 100%	7,590	11.3	6,210	12.6	8,110	10.9
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	67,520	100.0	49,590	100.0	74,800	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,445	17.0	9,135	18.4	12,440	16.6
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,745	11.5	6,405	12.9	8,255	11.0
Not suitable only	520	0.8	365	0.7	600	0.8
Major repairs needed only	2,670	4.0	1,955	3.9	3,015	4.0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	0.0	25	0.1	25	0.0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	435	0.6	335	0.7	485	0.6
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	0.1	50	0.1	50	0.1
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Acceptable housing	56,075	83.0	40,460	81.6	62,365	83.4
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	66,630	100.0	48,880	100.0	73,810	100.0
In core need	1,780	2.7	1,525	3.1	1,880	2.5
Not in core need	64,845	97.3	47,355	96.9	71,930	97.5
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	41,700	...	28,740	...	47,780	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.5	64.5	64.2	64.2	64.4	64.4
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.2	7.2	7.5	7.5	7.1	7.1
% in core housing need⁶³	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010	1,010	1,010	1,010	1,000	1,000
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,054	1,054	1,048	1,048	1,043	1,043
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	220,000	220,000	212,000	212,000	214,000	214,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	238,000	238,000	234,000	234,000	236,400	236,400
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,715	...	20,850	...	26,865	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.5	12.5	13.3	13.3	12.7	12.7
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.4	20.4	22.2	22.2	20.1	20.1
% in core housing need⁶³	6.0	6.0	6.5	6.5	6.0	6.0
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	632	632	636	636	628	628
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	689	689	696	696	684	684
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	0	...	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	141,120	100.0	101,045	100.0	157,895	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,110	3.6	3,650	3.6	5,960	3.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,040	3.6	3,605	3.6	5,875	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,620	2.6	2,650	2.6	4,135	2.6
Métis single ancestry	1,330	0.9	880	0.9	1,650	1.0
Inuit single ancestry	90	0.1	75	0.1	90	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	70	0.0	40	0.0	85	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	70	0.0	40	0.0	80	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,935	2.8	2,785	2.8	4,540	2.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,855	2.7	2,745	2.7	4,450	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,225	2.3	2,350	2.3	3,695	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	630	0.4	395	0.4	750	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	0.1	35	0.0	90	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	0.0	25	0.0	80	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	132,070	93.6	94,610	93.6	147,400	93.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	141,115	100.0	101,040	100.0	157,900	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	138,945	98.5	99,000	98.0	155,655	98.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25,335	18.0	17,685	17.5	28,900	18.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	113,605	80.5	81,315	80.5	126,760	80.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,175	1.5	2,045	2.0	2,240	1.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	141,115	100.0	101,040	100.0	157,900	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	137,540	97.5	97,885	96.9	154,185	97.6
Immigrants⁸¹	1,980	1.4	1,605	1.6	2,065	1.3
Before 1980	245	0.2	205	0.2	255	0.2
1980 to 1990	140	0.1	115	0.1	140	0.1
1991 to 2000	260	0.2	195	0.2	275	0.2
2001 to 2010	580	0.4	440	0.4	630	0.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	750	0.5	650	0.6	775	0.5
2011 to 2015	335	0.2	270	0.3	355	0.2
2016 to 2021	425	0.3	385	0.4	425	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,600	1.1	1,555	1.5	1,650	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,980	100.0	1,600	100.0	2,065	100.0
Under 5 years	295	14.9	220	13.8	315	15.3
5 to 14 years	340	17.2	270	16.9	345	16.7
15 to 24 years	275	13.9	230	14.4	290	14.0
25 to 44 years	960	48.5	795	49.7	1,000	48.4
45 years and over	110	5.6	85	5.3	115	5.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,980	100.0	1,600	100.0	2,065	100.0
Americas	395	19.9	325	20.3	405	19.6
Brazil	15	0.8	15	0.9	15	0.7
Colombia	60	3.0	55	3.4	75	3.6
El Salvador	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Guyana	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haiti	65	3.3	40	2.5	70	3.4
Jamaica	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mexico	30	1.5	25	1.6	30	1.5
Peru	25	1.3	25	1.6	25	1.2
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
United States of America	50	2.5	35	2.2	50	2.4
Other places of birth in Americas	120	6.1	110	6.9	120	5.8
Europe	780	39.4	580	36.3	840	40.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0.5	0	0.0	10	0.5
Croatia	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
France	455	23.0	360	22.5	490	23.7
Germany	50	2.5	30	1.9	50	2.4
Greece	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hungary	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italy	35	1.8	25	1.6	35	1.7
Netherlands	10	0.5	0	0.0	10	0.5
Poland	15	0.8	15	0.9	15	0.7
Portugal	15	0.8	0	0.0	15	0.7
Romania	15	0.8	0	0.0	15	0.7
Russian Federation	20	1.0	10	0.6	20	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukraine	35	1.8	30	1.9	35	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	1.3	15	0.9	25	1.2
Other places of birth in Europe	90	4.5	65	4.1	105	5.1
Africa	555	28.0	505	31.6	565	27.4
Algeria	60	3.0	60	3.8	70	3.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	1.3	20	1.3	25	1.2
Egypt	15	0.8	15	0.9	15	0.7
Eritrea	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morocco	55	2.8	55	3.4	55	2.7
Nigeria	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	400	20.2	355	22.2	405	19.6
Asia	250	12.6	190	11.9	255	12.3
Afghanistan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	1.0	20	1.3	20	1.0
Iraq	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0.8	15	0.9	15	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	85	4.3	60	3.8	90	4.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Philippines	25	1.3	15	0.9	25	1.2
Viet Nam	20	1.0	20	1.3	20	1.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
India	10	0.5	10	0.6	10	0.5
Pakistan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	45	2.3	30	1.9	45	2.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	420	100.0	385	100.0	420	100.0
Americas	60	14.3	45	11.7	60	14.3
Brazil	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Colombia	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mexico	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
United States of America	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	2.4	10	2.6	10	2.4
Other places of birth in Americas	25	6.0	25	6.5	25	6.0
Europe	155	36.9	135	35.1	155	36.9
France	145	34.5	125	32.5	145	34.5
Germany	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Africa	140	33.3	140	36.4	140	33.3
Algeria	15	3.6	15	3.9	15	3.6
Burundi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cameroon	40	9.5	40	10.4	40	9.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	2.4	10	2.6	10	2.4
Egypt	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morocco	15	3.6	15	3.9	15	3.6
Nigeria	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tunisia	20	4.8	20	5.2	20	4.8
Other places of birth in Africa	35	8.3	35	9.1	35	8.3
Asia	70	16.7	65	16.9	70	16.7
Afghanistan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	2.4	10	2.6	10	2.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
India	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jordan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepal	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Philippines	10	2.4	10	2.6	10	2.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	141,115	100.0	101,045	100.0	157,900	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,025	2.9	3,465	3.4	4,215	2.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,340	1.7	1,705	1.7	2,520	1.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	134,745	95.5	95,870	94.9	151,170	95.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,735	100.0	1,395	100.0	1,815	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	975	56.2	805	57.7	1,005	55.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	550	31.7	440	31.5	570	31.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	425	24.5	365	26.2	435	24.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	620	35.7	475	34.1	655	36.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	130	7.5	115	8.2	150	8.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,735	100.0	1,395	100.0	1,815	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	2.0	25	1.8	35	1.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	195	11.2	135	9.7	225	12.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	5.5	80	5.7	95	5.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	250	14.4	215	15.4	250	13.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0.9	10	0.7	15	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,145	66.0	925	66.3	1,200	66.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	141,120	100.0	101,045	100.0	157,900	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,870	2.0	2,510	2.5	2,975	1.9
South Asian	120	0.1	85	0.1	130	0.1
Chinese	230	0.2	185	0.2	265	0.2
Black	1,310	0.9	1,150	1.1	1,330	0.8
Filipino	75	0.1	60	0.1	75	0.0
Arab	420	0.3	415	0.4	425	0.3
Latin American	415	0.3	365	0.4	435	0.3
Southeast Asian	105	0.1	90	0.1	105	0.1
West Asian	40	0.0	40	0.0	40	0.0
Korean	20	0.0	0	0.0	20	0.0
Japanese	10	0.0	0	0.0	20	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	40	0.0	30	0.0	45	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	90	0.1	70	0.1	95	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	138,245	98.0	98,535	97.5	154,925	98.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	141,115	100.0	101,040	100.0	157,900	100.0
Canadian	59,050	41.8	41,890	41.5	66,340	42.0
English	1,035	0.7	725	0.7	1,105	0.7
Irish	3,430	2.4	2,615	2.6	3,835	2.4
Scottish	2,235	1.6	1,730	1.7	2,450	1.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	28,115	19.9	20,575	20.4	31,135	19.7
German	825	0.6	620	0.6	880	0.6
Chinese	240	0.2	190	0.2	270	0.2
Italian	835	0.6	580	0.6	950	0.6
Indian (India)	235	0.2	215	0.2	260	0.2
Ukrainian	150	0.1	100	0.1	150	0.1
Dutch	130	0.1	60	0.1	155	0.1
Polish	180	0.1	135	0.1	185	0.1
Québécois	22,225	15.7	16,080	15.9	24,780	15.7
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	230	0.2	125	0.1	245	0.2
Filipino	50	0.0	40	0.0	50	0.0
French Canadian	16,395	11.6	10,445	10.3	18,355	11.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,900	2.8	2,875	2.8	4,335	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,265	2.3	2,420	2.4	3,815	2.4
Métis	2,095	1.5	1,345	1.3	2,555	1.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,600	1.1	1,165	1.2	1,675	1.1
Russian	130	0.1	105	0.1	135	0.1
Norwegian	265	0.2	110	0.1	310	0.2
Welsh	25	0.0	20	0.0	25	0.0
Portuguese	265	0.2	195	0.2	275	0.2
American	435	0.3	325	0.3	485	0.3
Spanish	275	0.2	215	0.2	285	0.2
Swedish	25	0.0	0	0.0	25	0.0
Hungarian	75	0.1	40	0.0	75	0.0
Acadian	1,710	1.2	1,230	1.2	1,830	1.2
Pakistani	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	270	0.2	210	0.2	280	0.2
Jewish	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Punjabi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	0.1	55	0.1	75	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	150	0.1	145	0.1	150	0.1
Greek	60	0.0	50	0.0	60	0.0
Jamaican	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	40	0.0	40	0.0	55	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	145	0.1	105	0.1	170	0.1
Korean	15	0.0	0	0.0	15	0.0
Romanian	45	0.0	35	0.0	45	0.0
Lebanese	175	0.1	145	0.1	185	0.1
Iranian	40	0.0	40	0.0	40	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	2,145	1.5	1,360	1.3	2,435	1.5
Danish	65	0.0	45	0.0	90	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	925	0.7	680	0.7	1,015	0.6
Sikh	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austrian	25	0.0	25	0.0	25	0.0
Belgian	335	0.2	255	0.3	360	0.2
Haitian	180	0.1	120	0.1	190	0.1
Hindu	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mexican	145	0.1	125	0.1	145	0.1
Mennonite	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss	240	0.2	210	0.2	270	0.2
Finnish	15	0.0	0	0.0	15	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Japanese	15	0.0	10	0.0	25	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	355	0.3	275	0.3	395	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	55	0.0	30	0.0	70	0.0
Muslim	30	0.0	30	0.0	30	0.0
Egyptian	45	0.0	40	0.0	50	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	0.0	60	0.1	75	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Colombian	150	0.1	150	0.1	165	0.1
Moroccan	130	0.1	120	0.1	135	0.1
Czech	15	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
Syrian	95	0.1	60	0.1	120	0.1
Guyanese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Afghan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	0.0	30	0.0	30	0.0
Serbian	25	0.0	10	0.0	25	0.0
Ojibway	25	0.0	25	0.0	30	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ontarian	25	0.0	10	0.0	25	0.0
Persian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	15	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	105	0.1	90	0.1	105	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algerian	80	0.1	80	0.1	85	0.1
Brazilian	50	0.0	40	0.0	50	0.0
Nigerian	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Armenian	20	0.0	20	0.0	20	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	0.0	15	0.0	20	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	0.0	20	0.0	20	0.0
Algonquin	335	0.2	225	0.2	375	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
South African	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Australian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chilean	65	0.0	50	0.0	65	0.0
Congolese	60	0.0	60	0.1	60	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Peruvian	50	0.0	50	0.0	50	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
Berber	40	0.0	40	0.0	40	0.0
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0.0	0	0.0	10	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	0.0	55	0.1	70	0.0
New Brunswicker	90	0.1	75	0.1	90	0.1
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
African Canadian	35	0.0	35	0.0	35	0.0
Israeli	20	0.0	10	0.0	20	0.0
Mohawk	45	0.0	40	0.0	65	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	0	0.0	15	0.0
Albertan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
African American	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	0.0	25	0.0	25	0.0
Tunisian	135	0.1	120	0.1	135	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cuban	45	0.0	40	0.0	45	0.0
Bosnian	15	0.0	0	0.0	15	0.0
Venezuelan	30	0.0	30	0.0	30	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	1,420	1.0	945	0.9	1,680	1.1
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	20	0.0	20	0.0	20	0.0
Cameroonian	65	0.0	65	0.1	65	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Laotian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0.0	10	0.0	40	0.0
British Columbian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0.0	0	0.0	15	0.0
Argentinian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jatt	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	235	0.2	190	0.2	245	0.2
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Thai	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
Dominican	30	0.0	20	0.0	30	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kabyle	55	0.0	45	0.0	55	0.0
Assyrian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0.0	0	0.0	10	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Abenaki	200	0.1	140	0.1	215	0.1
Moldovan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	85	0.1	85	0.1	90	0.1
New Zealander	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Breton	175	0.1	120	0.1	200	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	0.0	40	0.0	45	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	200	0.1	170	0.2	200	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gaspesian	90	0.1	70	0.1	105	0.1
Norman	120	0.1	110	0.1	135	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ivorian	45	0.0	40	0.0	45	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burundian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	0.0	25	0.0	25	0.0
Mauritian	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
Kenyan	0	0.0	0	0.0	20	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
Grenadian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayali	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mayan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Honduran	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Flemish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Senegalese	75	0.1	70	0.1	75	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Goan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	20	0.0	20	0.0	20	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mongolian	15	0.0	15	0.0	25	0.0
Azorean	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Atikamekw	55	0.0	35	0.0	55	0.0
Bamileke	45	0.0	45	0.0	45	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Central African	25	0.0	25	0.0	25	0.0
Libyan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Basque	55	0.0	40	0.0	55	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
Igorot	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulani	30	0.0	30	0.0	30	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Guinean	60	0.0	50	0.0	60	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Maliseet	90	0.1	65	0.1	100	0.1
Beninese	25	0.0	20	0.0	25	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Roma	25	0.0	25	0.0	25	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy	110	0.1	110	0.1	110	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tajik	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	141,120	100.0	101,045	100.0	157,900	100.0
Buddhist	75	0.1	55	0.1	75	0.0
Christian	110,160	78.1	78,405	77.6	123,170	78.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,710	5.5	5,325	5.3	8,675	5.5
Anabaptist	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anglican	65	0.0	25	0.0	65	0.0
Baptist	305	0.2	175	0.2	305	0.2
Catholic	100,965	71.5	72,170	71.4	112,890	71.5
Christian Orthodox	110	0.1	75	0.1	110	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	195	0.1	140	0.1	195	0.1
Latter Day Saints	70	0.0	50	0.0	70	0.0
Lutheran	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	155	0.1	125	0.1	170	0.1
Presbyterian	15	0.0	0	0.0	20	0.0
Reformed	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Church	25	0.0	15	0.0	25	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	550	0.4	305	0.3	635	0.4
Hindu	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
Jewish	15	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
Muslim	735	0.5	710	0.7	735	0.5
Sikh	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	330	0.2	285	0.3	365	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	29,780	21.1	21,555	21.3	33,520	21.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	139,755	100.0	100,125	100.0	156,330	100.0
Non-movers	124,435	89.0	88,445	88.3	139,615	89.3
Movers	15,315	11.0	11,675	11.7	16,715	10.7
Non-migrants	11,565	8.3	8,900	8.9	12,205	7.8
Migrants	3,755	2.7	2,775	2.8	4,505	2.9
Internal migrants	3,290	2.4	2,330	2.3	4,040	2.6
Intraprovincial migrants	2,910	2.1	2,085	2.1	3,635	2.3
Interprovincial migrants	380	0.3	250	0.2	410	0.3
External migrants	460	0.3	445	0.4	460	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	134,440	100.0	96,325	100.0	150,290	100.0
Non-movers	89,635	66.7	62,645	65.0	100,330	66.8
Movers	44,800	33.3	33,680	35.0	49,960	33.2
Non-migrants	29,710	22.1	22,170	23.0	30,990	20.6
Migrants	15,095	11.2	11,505	11.9	18,965	12.6
Internal migrants	13,435	10.0	9,895	10.3	17,265	11.5
Intraprovincial migrants	12,350	9.2	9,285	9.6	16,120	10.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,085	0.8	615	0.6	1,145	0.8
External migrants	1,655	1.2	1,605	1.7	1,705	1.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	119,585	100.0	85,940	100.0	133,435	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,490	18.8	15,605	18.2	26,070	19.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	97,095	81.2	70,340	81.8	107,370	80.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,475	100.0	51,055	100.0	81,440	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,555	13.2	6,340	12.4	11,280	13.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,920	86.8	44,715	87.6	70,160	86.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	119,590	100.0	85,945	100.0	133,435	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,155	16.0	13,310	15.5	22,045	16.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,800	19.9	17,120	19.9	26,435	19.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	76,640	64.1	55,515	64.6	84,960	63.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	55,650	46.5	39,280	45.7	62,460	46.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	27,700	23.2	18,775	21.8	31,530	23.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20,940	17.5	14,245	16.6	23,670	17.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,760	5.7	4,525	5.3	7,860	5.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	23,725	19.8	17,195	20.0	26,240	19.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,220	3.5	3,320	3.9	4,690	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,985	17.5	16,230	18.9	22,495	16.9
Bachelor's degree	14,185	11.9	10,805	12.6	15,310	11.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,675	1.4	1,280	1.5	1,785	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	715	0.6	515	0.6	730	0.5
Master's degree	3,695	3.1	3,015	3.5	3,940	3.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	710	0.6	610	0.7	735	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,475	100.0	51,060	100.0	81,440	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,110	9.8	4,720	9.2	8,350	10.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,260	14.2	7,105	13.9	11,620	14.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,110	76.0	39,235	76.8	61,475	75.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,085	53.9	26,965	52.8	44,275	54.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20,355	28.1	13,525	26.5	23,350	28.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15,575	21.5	10,415	20.4	17,630	21.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,785	6.6	3,115	6.1	5,725	7.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,115	22.2	11,440	22.4	18,010	22.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,620	3.6	2,005	3.9	2,910	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,020	22.1	12,265	24.0	17,200	21.1
Bachelor's degree	10,620	14.7	8,000	15.7	11,500	14.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,225	1.7	915	1.8	1,305	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	585	0.8	425	0.8	595	0.7
Master's degree	3,035	4.2	2,455	4.8	3,225	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	550	0.8	470	0.9	570	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	119,590	100.0	85,945	100.0	133,440	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,950	35.9	30,430	35.4	48,475	36.3
Education	6,160	5.2	4,520	5.3	6,685	5.0
13. Education	6,160	5.2	4,520	5.3	6,685	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,475	1.2	1,145	1.3	1,605	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	255	0.2	175	0.2	270	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,220	1.0	970	1.1	1,335	1.0
Humanities	3,355	2.8	2,560	3.0	3,630	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	335	0.3	245	0.3	365	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	40	0.0	25	0.0	45	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,815	1.5	1,395	1.6	1,965	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0.0	15	0.0	20	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	160	0.1	130	0.2	170	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	295	0.2	220	0.3	340	0.3
54. History	245	0.2	200	0.2	260	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	445	0.4	325	0.4	465	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,865	4.1	3,660	4.3	5,285	4.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	0.1	40	0.0	60	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	585	0.5	485	0.6	610	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,680	1.4	1,190	1.4	1,900	1.4
22. Legal professions and studies	640	0.5	520	0.6	695	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	140	0.1	105	0.1	150	0.1
42. Psychology	975	0.8	745	0.9	1,030	0.8
45. Social sciences	780	0.7	580	0.7	835	0.6
Business, management and public administration	16,895	14.1	12,645	14.7	18,540	13.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0.0	10	0.0	20	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,525	1.3	1,195	1.4	1,615	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,360	12.8	11,440	13.3	16,905	12.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,055	1.7	1,660	1.9	2,270	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	515	0.4	400	0.5	555	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	0.2	170	0.2	235	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	440	0.4	410	0.5	500	0.4
40. Physical sciences	625	0.5	475	0.6	700	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	265	0.2	210	0.2	275	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,265	1.9	1,760	2.0	2,385	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,805	1.5	1,370	1.6	1,905	1.4
25. Library science	260	0.2	220	0.3	275	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	155	0.1	130	0.2	160	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	0.0	45	0.1	50	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	21,035	17.6	14,535	16.9	23,685	17.7
04. Architecture and related services	565	0.5	415	0.5	605	0.5
14. Engineering	2,530	2.1	2,050	2.4	2,685	2.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,915	4.1	3,390	3.9	5,380	4.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,685	3.9	3,320	3.9	5,295	4.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,770	4.0	2,985	3.5	5,635	4.2
48. Precision production	3,580	3.0	2,380	2.8	4,080	3.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,835	1.5	1,110	1.3	2,215	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	595	0.5	320	0.4	700	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,240	1.0	790	0.9	1,515	1.1
Health and related fields	10,275	8.6	7,530	8.8	11,365	8.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	580	0.5	510	0.6	625	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,380	7.8	6,770	7.9	10,415	7.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	305	0.3	240	0.3	320	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,405	5.4	4,375	5.1	7,285	5.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,580	3.0	2,515	2.9	3,990	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	0.0	0	0.0	30	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	60	0.1	30	0.0	80	0.1
43. Security and protective services	1,110	0.9	780	0.9	1,185	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,625	1.4	1,045	1.2	2,000	1.5
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0.0	20	0.0	20	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	72,475	100.0	51,055	100.0	81,445	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,370	24.0	11,820	23.2	19,965	24.5
Education	3,795	5.2	2,725	5.3	4,120	5.1
13. Education	3,795	5.2	2,725	5.3	4,120	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,020	1.4	815	1.6	1,110	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	0.2	100	0.2	150	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	870	1.2	715	1.4	955	1.2
Humanities	1,915	2.6	1,445	2.8	2,120	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	245	0.3	180	0.4	275	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0.0	15	0.0	20	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	990	1.4	760	1.5	1,095	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0.0	15	0.0	20	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	0.1	70	0.1	85	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	0.2	80	0.2	150	0.2
54. History	150	0.2	115	0.2	165	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	290	0.4	215	0.4	310	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,720	5.1	2,750	5.4	4,050	5.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0.1	30	0.1	45	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	390	0.5	315	0.6	405	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,355	1.9	940	1.8	1,540	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	480	0.7	390	0.8	520	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	0.1	70	0.1	105	0.1
42. Psychology	780	1.1	575	1.1	820	1.0
45. Social sciences	570	0.8	430	0.8	610	0.7
Business, management and public administration	12,120	16.7	8,910	17.5	13,415	16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,180	1.6	895	1.8	1,250	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,935	15.1	8,005	15.7	12,150	14.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,235	1.7	955	1.9	1,365	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	375	0.5	285	0.6	415	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	0.2	110	0.2	145	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	0.1	65	0.1	85	0.1
40. Physical sciences	490	0.7	360	0.7	555	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	170	0.2	135	0.3	175	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,750	2.4	1,350	2.6	1,835	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,490	2.1	1,130	2.2	1,570	1.9
25. Library science	145	0.2	115	0.2	150	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	0.1	75	0.1	90	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	0.0	20	0.0	30	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,620	21.6	10,595	20.8	17,675	21.7
04. Architecture and related services	450	0.6	320	0.6	490	0.6
14. Engineering	2,045	2.8	1,655	3.2	2,160	2.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,675	5.1	2,495	4.9	4,060	5.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,395	4.7	2,370	4.6	3,860	4.7
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,420	4.7	2,075	4.1	4,070	5.0
48. Precision production	2,635	3.6	1,670	3.3	3,035	3.7
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,390	1.9	815	1.6	1,675	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	440	0.6	225	0.4	515	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	945	1.3	580	1.1	1,150	1.4
Health and related fields	7,445	10.3	5,425	10.6	8,305	10.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	420	0.6	365	0.7	455	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,745	9.3	4,840	9.5	7,570	9.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	275	0.4	210	0.4	275	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,075	7.0	3,440	6.7	5,790	7.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,845	3.9	1,965	3.8	3,170	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	0.0	0	0.0	30	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	0.1	30	0.1	55	0.1
43. Security and protective services	890	1.2	615	1.2	955	1.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,265	1.7	815	1.6	1,575	1.9
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0.0	20	0.0	20	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	72,475	100.0	51,055	100.0	81,445	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,370	24.0	11,820	23.2	19,965	24.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	55,105	76.0	39,230	76.8	61,475	75.5
Location of study inside Canada	53,985	74.5	38,265	74.9	60,280	74.0
Same as province or territory of residence	53,130	73.3	37,805	74.0	59,345	72.9
Different than province or territory of residence	850	1.2	460	0.9	930	1.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,120	1.5	965	1.9	1,195	1.5
Americas	240	0.3	205	0.4	250	0.3
United States of America	85	0.1	55	0.1	90	0.1
Mexico	25	0.0	20	0.0	25	0.0
Cuba	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
Haiti	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Brazil	30	0.0	25	0.0	30	0.0
Colombia	35	0.0	35	0.1	40	0.0
Peru	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	0.0	25	0.0	30	0.0
Europe	440	0.6	335	0.7	495	0.6
Belgium	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
France	310	0.4	240	0.5	355	0.4
Germany	20	0.0	20	0.0	20	0.0
Netherlands	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Switzerland	25	0.0	25	0.0	40	0.0
Hungary	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Poland	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Romania	15	0.0	0	0.0	15	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0.0	20	0.0	20	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0.0	0	0.0	10	0.0
Africa	320	0.4	315	0.6	320	0.4
Nigeria	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algeria	40	0.1	40	0.1	40	0.0
Morocco	25	0.0	25	0.0	25	0.0
Tunisia	80	0.1	80	0.2	80	0.1
Egypt	20	0.0	20	0.0	20	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	160	0.2	160	0.3	160	0.2
Asia	115	0.2	105	0.2	120	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	25	0.0	25	0.0	25	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
Taiwan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japan	10	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Philippines	40	0.1	35	0.1	40	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
India	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0.0	0	0.0	10	0.0
Oceania	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	119,590	...	85,945	...	133,435	...
In the labour force	71,660	...	50,720	...	79,955	...
Employed	67,710	...	47,785	...	75,460	...
Unemployed	3,950	...	2,930	...	4,495	...
Not in the labour force	47,930	...	35,225	...	53,480	...
Participation rate	59.9	59.9	59.0	59.0	59.9	59.9
Employment rate	56.6	56.6	55.6	55.6	56.6	56.6
Unemployment rate	5.5	5.5	5.8	5.8	5.6	5.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	119,590	100.0	85,945	100.0	133,440	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	47,100	39.4	34,785	40.5	52,310	39.2
Worked	72,485	60.6	51,160	59.5	81,125	60.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	39,370	32.9	27,365	31.8	43,810	32.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	33,115	27.7	23,790	27.7	37,315	28.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.2	41.9	41.9	42.1	42.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	71,660	100.0	50,715	100.0	79,955	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,305	1.8	1,050	2.1	1,425	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	70,355	98.2	49,665	97.9	78,535	98.2
Employee	64,290	89.7	45,560	89.8	71,730	89.7
Permanent position	51,910	72.4	36,350	71.7	58,040	72.6
Temporary position	12,380	17.3	9,205	18.2	13,685	17.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,280	6.0	3,210	6.3	4,670	5.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	8,100	11.3	5,995	11.8	9,020	11.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,065	8.5	4,110	8.1	6,805	8.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	71,660	100.0	50,715	100.0	79,955	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,305	1.8	1,050	2.1	1,425	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	70,355	98.2	49,665	97.9	78,535	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	965	1.3	630	1.2	1,060	1.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,820	15.1	7,875	15.5	11,905	14.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,635	7.9	4,185	8.3	6,165	7.7
3 Health occupations	6,845	9.6	4,965	9.8	7,560	9.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,500	13.3	6,825	13.5	10,350	12.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,515	2.1	1,085	2.1	1,630	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	18,110	25.3	13,370	26.4	19,950	25.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,500	17.4	8,025	15.8	14,645	18.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,010	1.4	475	0.9	1,390	1.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,450	4.8	2,245	4.4	3,880	4.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	71,660	100.0	50,715	100.0	79,955	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,305	1.8	1,050	2.1	1,425	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	70,355	98.2	49,665	97.9	78,535	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	810	1.1	290	0.6	1,125	1.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	725	1.0	505	1.0	945	1.2
22 Utilities	840	1.2	555	1.1	920	1.2
23 Construction	5,065	7.1	3,225	6.4	6,060	7.6
31-33 Manufacturing	7,435	10.4	4,865	9.6	8,390	10.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,700	2.4	1,215	2.4	1,870	2.3
44-45 Retail trade	9,195	12.8	6,625	13.1	10,155	12.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,395	3.3	1,595	3.1	2,790	3.5
51 Information and cultural industries	1,040	1.5	715	1.4	1,085	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	1,495	2.1	1,155	2.3	1,610	2.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	730	1.0	605	1.2	795	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,330	6.0	3,290	6.5	4,665	5.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	0.1	65	0.1	75	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,935	4.1	2,260	4.5	3,285	4.1
61 Educational services	5,720	8.0	4,310	8.5	6,265	7.8
62 Health care and social assistance	11,620	16.2	8,460	16.7	12,770	16.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	870	1.2	665	1.3	995	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	3,975	5.5	3,085	6.1	4,345	5.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,780	5.3	2,500	4.9	4,280	5.4
91 Public administration	5,620	7.8	3,695	7.3	6,110	7.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	76,770	100.0	54,235	100.0	85,920	100.0
English	540	0.7	330	0.6	595	0.7
French	69,310	90.3	49,100	90.5	77,845	90.6
Non-official language	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
English and French	6,790	8.8	4,700	8.7	7,350	8.6
English and non-official language(s)	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	75	0.1	55	0.1	75	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	0.0	30	0.1	35	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	76,770	100.0	54,235	100.0	85,920	100.0
Single responses	76,020	99.0	53,760	99.1	85,110	99.1
Official languages	75,985	99.0	53,735	99.1	85,075	99.0
English	1,355	1.8	890	1.6	1,470	1.7
French	74,630	97.2	52,840	97.4	83,605	97.3
Non-official languages	35	0.0	30	0.1	35	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Atikamekw	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	0.0	20	0.0	30	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arabic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Russian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
German	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
Catalan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Romanian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Spanish	15	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0.0	10	0.0	10	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple responses	750	1.0	475	0.9	810	0.9
English and French	730	1.0	455	0.8	785	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0.0	15	0.0	15	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	76,770	100.0	54,235	100.0	85,920	100.0
None	70,600	92.0	49,910	92.0	79,245	92.2
English	5,260	6.9	3,700	6.8	5,705	6.6
French	825	1.1	565	1.0	885	1.0
Non-official language	55	0.1	35	0.1	55	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	15	0.0	10	0.0	15	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	0.1	30	0.1	40	0.0
English and French	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	0.0	20	0.0	20	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0.0	0	0.0	10	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	67,710	100.0	47,780	100.0	75,455	100.0
Worked at home	9,130	13.5	6,650	13.9	10,110	13.4
Worked outside Canada	45	0.1	35	0.1	45	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,460	9.5	4,395	9.2	7,640	10.1
Usual place of work	52,070	76.9	36,715	76.8	57,665	76.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	52,070	100.0	36,715	100.0	57,665	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	48,315	92.8	34,190	93.1	49,275	85.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,045	2.0	740	2.0	5,170	9.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,630	5.1	1,725	4.7	3,130	5.4
Commute to a different province or territory	80	0.2	55	0.1	95	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	58,535	100.0	41,105	100.0	65,300	100.0
Car, truck or van	53,800	91.9	37,345	90.9	60,255	92.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	51,320	87.7	35,535	86.4	57,505	88.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,475	4.2	1,810	4.4	2,750	4.2
Public transit	1,175	2.0	1,045	2.5	1,210	1.9
Walked	2,220	3.8	1,785	4.3	2,365	3.6
Bicycle	235	0.4	185	0.5	250	0.4
Other method	1,100	1.9	745	1.8	1,220	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	58,535	100.0	41,105	100.0	65,300	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	28,760	49.1	21,775	53.0	30,070	46.0
15 to 29 minutes	22,340	38.2	14,895	36.2	25,285	38.7
30 to 44 minutes	4,965	8.5	2,840	6.9	6,605	10.1
45 to 59 minutes	1,280	2.2	835	2.0	1,785	2.7
60 minutes and over	1,190	2.0	745	1.8	1,560	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	58,535	100.0	41,105	100.0	65,300	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,390	5.8	2,160	5.3	3,960	6.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,570	18.1	6,825	16.6	12,300	18.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	22,415	38.3	15,890	38.7	24,785	38.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,185	17.4	7,490	18.2	11,010	16.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,720	6.4	2,825	6.9	4,005	6.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,245	14.1	5,915	14.4	9,245	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,060	100.0	18,190	100.0	29,600	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,350	9.0	1,525	8.4	2,600	8.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,710	91.0	16,665	91.6	26,995	91.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,945	100.0	13,230	100.0	21,435	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,780	9.4	1,170	8.8	1,960	9.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,275	6.7	840	6.3	1,380	6.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	505	2.7	330	2.5	580	2.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,170	90.6	12,065	91.2	19,475	90.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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