Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saguenay, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	144,723	...	...
Population, 2016¹	145,949	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	71,017	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	67,522	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	128.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,124.63	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	144,725	71,935	72,790
0 to 14 years	21,605	11,045	10,555
0 to 4 years	6,600	3,430	3,170
5 to 9 years	7,470	3,745	3,725
10 to 14 years	7,535	3,870	3,670
15 to 64 years	87,180	44,390	42,795
15 to 19 years	6,990	3,530	3,460
20 to 24 years	7,315	3,805	3,515
25 to 29 years	8,195	4,280	3,915
30 to 34 years	8,330	4,355	3,970
35 to 39 years	8,725	4,565	4,165
40 to 44 years	9,105	4,765	4,340
45 to 49 years	7,695	3,960	3,735
50 to 54 years	7,485	3,715	3,775
55 to 59 years	10,750	5,280	5,470
60 to 64 years	12,585	6,135	6,445
65 years and over	35,935	16,495	19,440
65 to 69 years	11,275	5,590	5,690
70 to 74 years	9,260	4,530	4,720
75 to 79 years	6,645	3,050	3,600
80 to 84 years	4,515	1,875	2,645
85 years and over	4,250	1,455	2,795
85 to 89 years	2,585	980	1,610
90 to 94 years	1,350	385	965
95 to 99 years	285	90	200
100 years and over	20	0	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9	15.4	14.5
15 to 64 years	60.2	61.7	58.8
65 years and over	24.8	22.9	26.7
85 years and over	2.9	2.0	3.8
Average age of the population	45.1	43.9	46.2
Median age of the population	46.0	44.4	48.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	67,520	...	...
Single-detached house	32,445	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,310	...	...
Row house	1,620	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,015	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	17,435	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,055	...	...
Other single-attached house	225	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	425	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	67,525	...	...
1 person	24,490	...	...
2 persons	25,900	...	...
3 persons	7,640	...	...
4 persons	6,560	...	...
5 or more persons	2,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	141,115	70,700	70,415
Average household size	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	123,115	60,885	62,235
Married or living common-law	72,470	36,175	36,295
Married	37,740	18,860	18,880
Living common-law	34,730	17,315	17,415
Living common law - Never married	27,765	13,830	13,930
Living common law - Separated	425	205	215
Living common law - Divorced	5,710	2,920	2,790
Living common law - Widowed	835	355	480
Not married and not living common-law	50,645	24,705	25,940
Not married and not living common law - Never married	33,045	18,555	14,495
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,590	780	810
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,935	3,350	4,585
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,070	2,015	6,055
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	41,310	...	...
2 persons	25,270	...	...
3 persons	7,180	...	...
4 persons	6,305	...	...
5 or more persons	2,545	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	41,305	...	...
Total couple families	35,765	...	...
Married couples	18,410	...	...
With children⁶	5,290	...	...
Without children	13,115	...	...
Common-law couples	17,355	...	...
With children⁶	8,595	...	...
Without children	8,760	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,540	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,855	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,685	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	141,120	70,700	70,415
Total - Persons in census families	110,740	55,225	55,515
Married spouses or common-law partners	71,525	35,705	35,820
Parents in one-parent families	5,545	1,685	3,860
Children⁶	33,670	17,835	15,835
In a two-parent family	25,410	13,305	12,105
In a one-parent family	8,255	4,530	3,730
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	30,375	15,480	14,900
Living alone	24,485	12,210	12,280
Living with other relatives⁷	2,180	1,000	1,180
Living with non-relatives only	3,710	2,270	1,445
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	67,525	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	39,660	...	...
Couple-family households	34,570	...	...
With children⁶	13,455	...	...
Without children	21,115	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,090	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	395	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	115	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	870	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,990	...	...
One-person households	24,485	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	119,590	59,715	59,875
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	117,360	58,745	58,615
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	49,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	117,380	58,755	58,625
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,400	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	104,275	54,200	50,080
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	42,000	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,230	45,200	37,030
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,800	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,345	46,495	51,855
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,900	11,300	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,465	9,020	7,445
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,360	5,480	5,040
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,240	15,115	14,125
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	119,590	59,685	59,905
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	117,260	58,650	58,605
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,080	57,000	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	117,295	58,670	58,620
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680	46,320	35,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	104,380	54,110	50,270
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,480	51,650	34,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,230	45,270	36,960
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,280	49,120	38,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	98,225	46,250	51,975
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,420	11,850	12,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,350	8,895	7,460
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,770	6,500	7,100
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,955	14,910	14,045
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,400	7,080	7,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	119,585	59,690	59,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	38,620	21,660	16,955
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	63,600	49,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,400	73,300	57,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,115	15,875	16,240
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	24,800	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,360	34,640	24,220
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.8	83.6	72.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.2	66.6	58.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.2	16.4	27.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.7	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	3.7	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.2	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	119,595	59,715	59,880
Without total income	2,235	970	1,260
With total income	117,360	58,745	58,615
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,645	2,660	4,985
$10,000 to $19,999	14,720	5,255	9,460
$20,000 to $29,999	18,790	7,485	11,305
$30,000 to $39,999	15,300	6,710	8,590
$40,000 to $49,999	15,495	7,920	7,575
$50,000 to $59,999	13,085	7,555	5,525
$60,000 to $69,999	9,215	5,750	3,465
$70,000 to $79,999	6,105	3,915	2,195
$80,000 to $89,999	4,735	2,760	1,980
$90,000 to $99,999	3,035	1,855	1,180
$100,000 and over	9,235	6,875	2,360
$100,000 to $149,999	7,010	5,275	1,730
$150,000 and over	2,220	1,595	625
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	119,595	59,715	59,880
Without after-tax income	2,210	960	1,245
With after-tax income	117,385	58,755	58,630
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,510	2,815	5,695
$10,000 to $19,999	15,300	5,575	9,720
$20,000 to $29,999	22,255	9,005	13,250
$30,000 to $39,999	19,495	9,390	10,110
$40,000 to $49,999	18,400	10,405	7,995
$50,000 to $59,999	12,610	7,935	4,675
$60,000 to $69,999	7,680	4,580	3,100
$70,000 to $79,999	4,775	2,925	1,850
$80,000 to $89,999	3,190	2,300	885
$90,000 to $99,999	1,935	1,485	445
$100,000 and over	3,240	2,345	900
$100,000 to $124,999	1,900	1,420	475
$125,000 and over	1,345	920	420
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	119,595	59,715	59,880
Without employment income	37,365	14,515	22,850
With employment income	82,235	45,205	37,025
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,140	7,445	4,690
$5,000 to $9,999	5,880	2,585	3,300
$10,000 to $19,999	9,695	4,055	5,640
$20,000 to $29,999	8,740	3,865	4,870
$30,000 to $39,999	8,655	4,290	4,365
$40,000 to $49,999	8,440	4,380	4,060
$50,000 to $59,999	6,505	3,775	2,725
$60,000 to $69,999	5,340	3,415	1,925
$70,000 to $79,999	3,960	2,545	1,410
$80,000 to $89,999	3,560	1,920	1,635
$90,000 to $99,999	2,145	1,425	715
$100,000 and over	7,180	5,490	1,690
$100,000 to $124,999	3,890	3,005	880
$125,000 and over	3,295	2,480	810
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	119,590	59,715	59,875
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	115,825	57,990	57,835
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	48,000	30,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	116,025	57,995	58,030
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	41,200	27,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	103,040	53,670	49,375
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	43,200	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,885	45,330	37,555
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,000	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,815	42,500	48,310
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,500	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15,820	8,770	7,050
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,760	4,960	4,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	119,590	59,685	59,905
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	115,760	57,880	57,875
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,040	55,750	38,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	115,975	57,890	58,090
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,080	32,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,980	53,510	49,465
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,120	52,900	34,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,890	45,355	37,535
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,280	50,000	37,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,780	42,310	48,465
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,960	9,390	10,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,840	8,730	7,110
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,460	5,920	7,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	119,585	59,690	59,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	38,530	21,630	16,900
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	61,200	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,250	70,700	53,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,430	15,050	15,375
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	29,600	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,440	39,880	27,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.4	87.6	77.2
Employment income (%)	67.4	70.2	63.3
Government transfers (%)	16.6	12.3	22.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.6	2.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	67,525	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	24,485	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	43,035	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	67,525	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	24,460	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,160	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	43,065	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	67,525	...	...
Under $5,000	390	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	435	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,130	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,675	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,530	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,560	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,540	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,275	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,240	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,125	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,850	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,500	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,665	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,175	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,710	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,725	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,200	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,875	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,270	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,385	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	67,525	...	...
Under $5,000	460	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	440	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,160	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,750	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,820	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,180	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,290	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,110	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,095	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,410	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,920	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,985	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,215	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,660	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,710	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,310	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,535	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,820	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,960	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	41,615	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	21,270	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,935	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,445	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	28,200	14,475	13,720
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	40,800	30,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800	35,600	28,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	41,570	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	21,220	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,040	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,335	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	28,255	14,265	13,995
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,880	46,280	37,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,760	38,600	32,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	141,115	70,700	70,415
0 to 17 years	25,575	13,060	12,515
0 to 5 years	8,065	4,165	3,900
18 to 64 years	82,590	41,965	40,625
65 years and over	32,950	15,675	17,275
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,305	7,235	9,070
0 to 17 years	1,880	965	915
0 to 5 years	595	305	290
18 to 64 years	7,905	3,955	3,960
65 years and over	6,515	2,320	4,200
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.6	10.2	12.9
0 to 17 years (%)	7.4	7.4	7.3
0 to 5 years (%)	7.4	7.4	7.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.4	9.7
65 years and over (%)	19.8	14.8	24.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	141,120	70,700	70,415
0 to 17 years	25,575	13,060	12,520
0 to 5 years	8,065	4,170	3,900
18 to 64 years	82,590	41,960	40,625
65 years and over	32,955	15,680	17,275
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,410	2,825	2,590
0 to 17 years	490	255	230
0 to 5 years	155	70	80
18 to 64 years	4,370	2,375	1,995
65 years and over	555	190	360
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8	4.0	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	1.9	2.0	1.8
0 to 5 years (%)	1.9	1.7	2.1
18 to 64 years (%)	5.3	5.7	4.9
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.2	2.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	141,115	70,700	70,415
In bottom half of the distribution	79,355	38,635	40,725
In bottom decile	13,750	6,200	7,550
In second decile	15,195	7,115	8,080
In third decile	15,925	7,775	8,145
In fourth decile	18,055	9,135	8,920
In fifth decile	16,440	8,405	8,030
In top half of the distribution	61,755	32,065	29,690
In sixth decile	16,045	8,290	7,750
In seventh decile	14,800	7,580	7,220
In eighth decile	13,295	6,910	6,385
In ninth decile	10,585	5,605	4,985
In top decile	7,035	3,685	3,355
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	141,120	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.421	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.256	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	143,395	71,325	72,070
English only	325	165	155
French only	107,930	50,470	57,460
English and French	35,035	20,625	14,410
Neither English nor French	110	65	45
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	143,395	71,325	72,070
English	1,375	730	645
French	141,550	70,330	71,220
English and French	380	215	165
Neither English nor French	95	50	40
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	143,395	71,325	72,070
Single responses	142,425	70,815	71,610
Official languages	140,855	69,985	70,875
English	1,215	650	565
French	139,640	69,335	70,305
Non-official languages	1,570	835	735
Indigenous languages³⁹	125	60	60
Algonquian languages	120	60	60
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	120	60	60
Atikamekw	65	35	30
Cree languages	5	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	45	20	30
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,445	770	670
Afro-Asiatic languages	365	230	130
Berber languages	35	15	15
Kabyle	30	15	10
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	5	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	5	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	325	210	115
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	320	205	110
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	20	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	0
Vietnamese	15	10	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	75	35	40
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	45	30	20
Merina	45	25	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	15	20
Haitian Creole	25	15	15
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Dravidian languages	5	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	0
Tamil	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	725	355	365
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	35	40
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	75	35	40
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	5	15
Russian	25	10	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	5
Serbian	15	5	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	45	20	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	35	15	20
German	35	10	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	10	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	75	40	35
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	65	35	35
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	65	35	35
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	60	30	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	510	250	265
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	40	15	25
Portuguese	100	45	50
Romanian	15	10	10
Spanish	365	185	180
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	95	50	45
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	5	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	10	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	10	10	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	5	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	5	0	0
Wolof	30	15	15
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	40	30
Chinese languages	70	40	30
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	60	30	25
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	10	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0
Hungarian	15	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	970	510	460
English and French	660	350	310
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	240	120	115
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	143,395	71,325	72,070
English	605	325	280
French	138,080	68,300	69,780
Non-official language	355	200	160
Indigenous³⁹	45	25	25
Non-Indigenous	310	175	135
English and French	3,045	1,805	1,240
English and non-official language(s)	80	50	35
French and non-official language(s)	885	465	425
English, French and non-official language(s)	325	175	150
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	143,395	71,325	72,070
Single responses	142,600	70,885	71,715
Official languages	141,920	70,505	71,415
English	955	520	435
French	140,965	69,990	70,975
Non-official languages	680	375	305
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	25	35
Algonquian languages	60	25	35
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	60	25	35
Atikamekw	40	20	20
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	25	10	15
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	620	345	275
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	85	60
Berber languages	10	5	5
Kabyle	10	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	130	80	50
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	130	80	50
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	15	5
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5
Merina	15	10	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	5	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	345	190	155
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	15	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35	20	20
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	15	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	10	5	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	5
German	10	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	30	25
Indo-Aryan languages	0	5	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	50	25	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	50	25	25
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	240	135	110
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	55	25	25
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	180	105	80
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	5	5	5
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	30	15
Chinese languages	50	30	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	25	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	795	445	355
English and French	505	290	210
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	235	120	115
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	143,395	71,325	72,070
None	139,760	69,220	70,540
English	2,330	1,400	930
French	510	275	230
Non-official language	510	275	240
Indigenous³⁹	35	20	15
Non-Indigenous	475	250	220
English and French	50	30	25
English and non-official language(s)	165	90	75
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	20
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	141,115	70,685	70,430
Official languages	141,015	70,645	70,370
English	35,205	20,800	14,405
French	140,670	70,445	70,220
Non-official languages	4,740	2,315	2,420
Indigenous languages³⁹	205	100	105
Algonquian languages	170	75	95
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	170	75	95
Atikamekw	115	60	50
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	55	15	40
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	15	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	25	15	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,540	2,220	2,320
Afro-Asiatic languages	505	310	195
Berber languages	70	40	25
Kabyle	45	25	20
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0
Chadic languages	10	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	10	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	475	290	185
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	465	290	180
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	25	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	20	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	110	50	60
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	30	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	50	30	20
Merina	35	20	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	20	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	125	70	50
Haitian Creole	60	30	30
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	40	15
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,300	1,510	1,790
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	170	95	75
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	170	95	75
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	60	30	30
Russian	80	50	30
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	25	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	20	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	305	155	140
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	260	140	125
German	250	130	115
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	10	20
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	30	10	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	20	0	15
Indo-Iranian languages	55	35	20
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	15	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	40	20	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	40	20	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	40	20	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,845	1,270	1,575
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	170	90	80
Portuguese	145	85	70
Romanian	25	10	15
Spanish	2,590	1,135	1,455
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	90	55	35
Korean	15	0	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	305	165	145
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	25	15	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	15
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	30	15	20
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	20	20	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	25	15	10
Wojenaka	45	30	15
Wolof	80	40	35
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	40	50
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	95	60	35
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	60	35	25
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	40	50
Chinese languages	90	40	40
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	35	40
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	10
Azerbaijani	20	10	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	20	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	20	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	141,120	70,685	70,425
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,370	2,680	2,685
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,015	2,530	2,490
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,305	1,080	1,225
Métis	2,650	1,425	1,225
Inuk (Inuit)	60	20	40
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	90	50	45
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	265	110	160
Non-Indigenous identity	135,750	68,005	67,740
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	141,120	70,685	70,425
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,695	830	865
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	139,415	69,855	69,560
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	67,525	...	...
Owner	41,795	...	...
Renter	25,730	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	67,525	...	...
Condominium	6,950	...	...
Not condominium	60,570	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	67,525	...	...
No bedrooms	190	...	...
1 bedroom	8,465	...	...
2 bedrooms	20,440	...	...
3 bedrooms	22,550	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,875	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	67,525	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	21,080	...	...
5 rooms	11,230	...	...
6 rooms	7,825	...	...
7 rooms	7,885	...	...
8 or more rooms	19,490	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	67,525	...	...
One person or fewer per room	67,425	...	...
More than one person per room	95	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	67,525	...	...
Suitable	66,925	...	...
Not suitable	600	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	67,525	...	...
1960 or before	17,540	...	...
1961 to 1980	23,255	...	...
1981 to 1990	9,340	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,770	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,110	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,745	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,365	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,400	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	67,525	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	64,365	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,160	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	67,525	...	...
One-maintainer household	39,450	...	...
Two-maintainer household	27,200	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	865	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	67,525	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,540	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,915	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,635	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,165	...	...
55 to 64 years	14,070	...	...
65 to 74 years	13,000	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,115	...	...
85 years and over	2,080	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	67,240	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	59,035	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,210	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,590	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	67,520	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,445	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,745	...	...
Not suitable only	520	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,670	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	435	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	56,075	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	66,630	...	...
In core need	1,780	...	...
Not in core need	64,845	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	41,700	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,054	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	220,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	238,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,715	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	632	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	689	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	141,120	70,690	70,430
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,110	2,495	2,615
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,040	2,455	2,590
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,620	1,780	1,835
Métis single ancestry	1,330	650	685
Inuit single ancestry	90	25	65
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	70	45	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	70	45	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,935	1,930	2,005
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,855	1,905	1,955
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,225	1,595	1,635
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	630	310	320
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	30	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	20	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	132,070	66,260	65,810
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	141,115	70,690	70,430
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	138,945	69,460	69,490
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25,335	13,075	12,260
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	113,605	56,380	57,225
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,175	1,230	945
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	141,115	70,690	70,430
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	137,540	68,770	68,770
Immigrants⁸¹	1,980	980	1,000
Before 1980	245	125	120
1980 to 1990	140	50	90
1991 to 2000	260	120	140
2001 to 2010	580	315	265
2011 to 2021⁸²	750	365	385
2011 to 2015	335	160	175
2016 to 2021	425	215	210
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,600	940	660
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,980	980	1,005
Under 5 years	295	130	160
5 to 14 years	340	160	175
15 to 24 years	275	130	150
25 to 44 years	960	510	450
45 years and over	110	50	65
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,980	980	1,005
Americas	395	170	220
Brazil	15	0	15
Colombia	60	25	40
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	65	25	45
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	30	15	15
Peru	25	0	15
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	50	30	15
Other places of birth in Americas	120	60	65
Europe	780	445	340
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	455	275	180
Germany	50	25	30
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	35	25	0
Netherlands	10	0	0
Poland	15	10	0
Portugal	15	10	0
Romania	15	10	0
Russian Federation	20	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	35	25	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	0	20
Other places of birth in Europe	90	40	50
Africa	555	280	275
Algeria	60	35	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	15	10
Egypt	15	10	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	55	40	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	400	170	225
Asia	250	80	170
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	85	15	65
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	25	0	25
Viet Nam	20	15	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	10	10	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	45	15	30
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	420	210	215
Americas	60	25	30
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	15
Europe	155	105	55
France	145	90	55
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	140	60	75
Algeria	15	0	10
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	40	15	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	10
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	15	15	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	20	15	0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	10	25
Asia	70	20	45
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	10	0	10
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	141,115	70,685	70,430
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,025	2,140	1,890
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,340	1,180	1,165
Third generation or more¹⁰²	134,745	67,370	67,380
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,735	850	880
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	975	575	400
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	550	370	180
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	425	205	220
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	620	210	415
Refugees¹⁰⁸	130	70	65
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,735	850	880
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	20	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	195	105	90
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	30	65
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	250	175	75
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	10	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,145	515	630
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	141,120	70,685	70,430
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,870	1,405	1,465
South Asian	120	65	60
Chinese	230	60	175
Black	1,310	650	660
Filipino	75	35	40
Arab	420	280	140
Latin American	415	185	230
Southeast Asian	105	45	55
West Asian	40	25	15
Korean	20	0	10
Japanese	10	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	40	15	25
Multiple visible minorities	90	35	50
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	138,245	69,280	68,965
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	141,115	70,690	70,430
Canadian	59,050	29,195	29,855
English	1,035	560	480
Irish	3,430	1,670	1,760
Scottish	2,235	1,050	1,180
French, n.o.s.¹²²	28,115	14,455	13,660
German	825	395	425
Chinese	240	75	165
Italian	835	500	330
Indian (India)	235	105	130
Ukrainian	150	60	90
Dutch	130	65	65
Polish	180	75	105
Québécois	22,225	11,215	11,010
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	230	150	80
Filipino	50	25	25
French Canadian	16,395	8,175	8,220
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,900	2,000	1,900
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,265	1,600	1,660
Métis	2,095	1,020	1,075
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,600	845	750
Russian	130	80	50
Norwegian	265	150	115
Welsh	25	15	10
Portuguese	265	140	130
American	435	200	235
Spanish	275	145	130
Swedish	25	0	20
Hungarian	75	40	35
Acadian	1,710	840	870
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	270	110	155
Jewish	10	10	0
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	75	40	30
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	150	110	40
Greek	60	30	25
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	40	10	35
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	145	50	90
Korean	15	0	10
Romanian	45	40	0
Lebanese	175	110	60
Iranian	40	20	15
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	2,145	1,035	1,115
Danish	65	50	15
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	925	505	420
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	25	15	10
Belgian	335	190	140
Haitian	180	75	105
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	145	60	95
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	240	115	130
Finnish	15	0	10
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10
Japanese	15	0	10
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	355	165	195
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	55	35	20
Muslim	30	10	25
Egyptian	45	15	25
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	40	30
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	150	55	90
Moroccan	130	100	35
Czech	15	0	0
Syrian	95	65	30
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	10	20
Serbian	25	10	15
Ojibway	25	15	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	25	10	10
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	105	35	70
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	80	60	25
Brazilian	50	15	30
Nigerian	10	10	0
Armenian	20	15	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	15	0	10
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	10	10
Algonquin	335	160	175
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	0	10
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	65	40	25
Congolese	60	25	35
Nova Scotian	10	0	10
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	10
Peruvian	50	25	25
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	10
Berber	40	30	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	10	0	10
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	40	30
New Brunswicker	90	35	55
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	35	20	15
Israeli	20	10	0
Mohawk	45	15	35
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	15	10
Tunisian	135	90	50
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	45	25	20
Bosnian	15	10	10
Venezuelan	30	15	10
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	1,420	705	715
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	20	15	0
Cameroonian	65	30	35
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	10	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	235	100	140
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	15	10	0
Dominican	30	15	10
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	55	20	35
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	10	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	200	105	95
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	85	45	45
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	175	95	80
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	20	25
Huron (Wendat)	200	60	135
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	90	55	35
Norman	120	60	60
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	45	25	10
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	25	20	0
Mauritian	15	0	10
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	10	10	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	75	30	45
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	20	0	15
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	15	0	15
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	55	35	25
Bamileke	45	15	25
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	25	0	20
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	55	30	25
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	0	15
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	15
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	30	20	15
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	60	30	30
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	90	55	40
Beninese	25	10	15
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	25	20	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	110	60	50
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	141,120	70,685	70,430
Buddhist	75	35	45
Christian	110,160	53,605	56,550
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,710	3,835	3,875
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	65	25	40
Baptist	305	145	165
Catholic	100,965	49,070	51,900
Christian Orthodox	110	60	50
Jehovah's Witness	195	80	115
Latter Day Saints	70	30	35
Lutheran	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	155	100	50
Presbyterian	15	0	10
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	25	10	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	550	255	295
Hindu	15	10	0
Jewish	15	10	0
Muslim	735	435	300
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	10	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	330	165	160
No religion and secular perspectives	29,780	16,420	13,360
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	139,755	69,935	69,820
Non-movers	124,435	62,285	62,155
Movers	15,315	7,655	7,660
Non-migrants	11,565	5,735	5,830
Migrants	3,755	1,920	1,835
Internal migrants	3,290	1,660	1,640
Intraprovincial migrants	2,910	1,435	1,475
Interprovincial migrants	380	220	160
External migrants	460	260	195
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	134,440	67,150	67,290
Non-movers	89,635	44,950	44,685
Movers	44,800	22,200	22,600
Non-migrants	29,710	14,460	15,255
Migrants	15,095	7,745	7,345
Internal migrants	13,435	6,805	6,630
Intraprovincial migrants	12,350	6,185	6,165
Interprovincial migrants	1,085	620	465
External migrants	1,655	940	720
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	119,585	59,690	59,900
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,490	11,905	10,585
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	97,095	47,780	49,315
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,475	36,540	35,930
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,555	5,575	3,980
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,920	30,965	31,955
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	119,590	59,685	59,905
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,155	9,425	9,725
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,800	11,585	12,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	76,640	38,675	37,960
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	55,650	29,165	26,485
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	27,700	16,785	10,920
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20,940	11,500	9,440
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,760	5,285	1,475
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	23,725	10,660	13,065
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,220	1,720	2,500
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,985	9,505	11,475
Bachelor's degree	14,185	6,265	7,915
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,675	755	920
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	715	315	400
Master's degree	3,695	1,740	1,955
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	710	435	280
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,475	36,540	35,935
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,110	3,790	3,320
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,260	5,325	4,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,110	27,430	27,675
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,085	20,635	18,455
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20,355	12,205	8,150
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15,575	8,370	7,210
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,785	3,835	945
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,115	7,355	8,760
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,620	1,075	1,545
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,020	6,795	9,225
Bachelor's degree	10,620	4,455	6,160
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,225	460	760
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	585	215	370
Master's degree	3,035	1,360	1,680
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	550	300	250
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	119,590	59,685	59,900
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,950	21,010	21,940
Education	6,160	1,635	4,520
13. Education	6,160	1,635	4,520
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,475	665	810
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	255	160	95
50. Visual and performing arts	1,220	500	715
Humanities	3,355	1,435	1,915
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	335	80	255
23. English language and literature/letters	40	20	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,815	795	1,020
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	160	80	80
39. Theology and religious vocations	295	170	125
54. History	245	135	105
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	445	145	290
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,865	1,230	3,640
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	30	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	585	190	390
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,680	70	1,610
22. Legal professions and studies	640	220	420
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	140	35	110
42. Psychology	975	215	765
45. Social sciences	780	470	315
Business, management and public administration	16,895	5,090	11,800
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,525	285	1,240
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,360	4,810	10,550
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,055	1,155	905
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	515	195	325
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	135	75
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	440	225	215
40. Physical sciences	625	425	200
41. Science technologies/technicians	265	180	85
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,265	1,660	605
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,805	1,470	335
25. Library science	260	45	210
27. Mathematics and statistics	155	105	55
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	40	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	21,035	19,305	1,735
04. Architecture and related services	565	330	230
14. Engineering	2,530	2,160	365
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,915	4,305	610
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	4,685	4,520	160
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,770	4,580	195
48. Precision production	3,580	3,410	170
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,835	1,315	520
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	595	310	285
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,240	1,005	235
Health and related fields	10,275	1,825	8,445
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	580	350	225
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,380	1,340	8,040
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	305	140	170
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,405	3,345	3,055
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,580	900	2,680
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	30	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	60	60	0
43. Security and protective services	1,110	850	255
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,625	1,510	115
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	72,475	36,540	35,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,370	9,110	8,255
Education	3,795	840	2,955
13. Education	3,795	840	2,955
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,020	475	535
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	95	50
50. Visual and performing arts	870	385	490
Humanities	1,915	825	1,095
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	245	45	200
23. English language and literature/letters	15	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	990	470	520
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	50	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	75	55
54. History	150	85	70
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	290	85	205
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,720	850	2,870
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	25	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	390	130	255
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,355	55	1,300
22. Legal professions and studies	480	140	345
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	20	75
42. Psychology	780	150	630
45. Social sciences	570	330	240
Business, management and public administration	12,120	3,490	8,630
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,180	215	965
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,935	3,280	7,655
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,235	725	510
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	375	140	240
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	95	30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	50	20
40. Physical sciences	490	325	160
41. Science technologies/technicians	170	110	60
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,750	1,320	430
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,490	1,230	260
25. Library science	145	15	130
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	55	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	20	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,620	14,100	1,525
04. Architecture and related services	450	245	205
14. Engineering	2,045	1,730	320
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,675	3,130	540
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,395	3,245	145
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,420	3,265	150
48. Precision production	2,635	2,480	160
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,390	950	440
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	440	205	235
03. Natural resources and conservation	945	745	200
Health and related fields	7,445	1,290	6,155
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	420	265	155
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,745	920	5,825
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	275	105	160
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,075	2,550	2,525
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,845	630	2,215
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	25	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	45	0
43. Security and protective services	890	675	210
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,265	1,175	90
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	72,475	36,540	35,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,370	9,110	8,255
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	55,105	27,425	27,680
Location of study inside Canada	53,985	26,810	27,175
Same as province or territory of residence	53,130	26,245	26,885
Different than province or territory of residence	850	565	285
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,120	620	505
Americas	240	110	135
United States of America	85	55	30
Mexico	25	0	20
Cuba	15	0	10
Haiti	10	10	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	30	10	15
Colombia	35	10	15
Peru	10	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	0	25
Europe	440	270	165
Belgium	10	0	0
France	310	205	105
Germany	20	15	10
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	25	15	10
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	15	0	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	10	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10
Africa	320	180	140
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	40	10	30
Morocco	25	20	10
Tunisia	80	70	15
Egypt	20	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	160	75	80
Asia	115	50	65
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	40	20	20
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	119,590	59,685	59,905
In the labour force	71,660	37,995	33,670
Employed	67,710	35,760	31,950
Unemployed	3,950	2,230	1,720
Not in the labour force	47,930	21,690	26,235
Participation rate	59.9	63.7	56.2
Employment rate	56.6	59.9	53.3
Unemployment rate	5.5	5.9	5.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	119,590	59,685	59,900
Did not work¹⁸⁶	47,100	21,175	25,920
Worked	72,485	38,510	33,980
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	39,370	22,100	17,275
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	33,115	16,415	16,705
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.7	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	71,660	37,995	33,665
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,305	635	675
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	70,355	37,360	32,990
Employee	64,290	34,045	30,245
Permanent position	51,910	27,900	24,010
Temporary position	12,380	6,145	6,235
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,280	2,020	2,255
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	8,100	4,125	3,975
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,065	3,315	2,750
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	71,660	37,995	33,665
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,305	635	675
All occupations¹⁹¹	70,355	37,360	32,990
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	965	710	255
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,820	3,260	7,565
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,635	4,545	1,095
3 Health occupations	6,845	1,180	5,665
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,500	3,135	6,360
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,515	735	780
6 Sales and service occupations	18,110	8,225	9,880
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,500	11,750	755
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,010	875	140
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,450	2,940	510
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	71,660	37,995	33,665
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,305	635	675
All industries¹⁹¹	70,355	37,360	32,990
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	810	640	170
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	725	665	60
22 Utilities	840	690	155
23 Construction	5,065	4,340	725
31-33 Manufacturing	7,435	6,025	1,415
41 Wholesale trade	1,700	1,345	360
44-45 Retail trade	9,195	4,235	4,955
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,395	1,965	430
51 Information and cultural industries	1,040	610	430
52 Finance and insurance	1,495	485	1,010
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	730	425	310
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,330	2,600	1,725
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	40	35
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,935	1,885	1,045
61 Educational services	5,720	1,940	3,780
62 Health care and social assistance	11,620	2,115	9,505
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	870	450	420
72 Accommodation and food services	3,975	1,830	2,140
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,780	1,915	1,870
91 Public administration	5,620	3,155	2,465
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	76,770	40,760	36,010
English	540	330	210
French	69,310	35,770	33,545
Non-official language	15	0	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	0	15
English and French	6,790	4,600	2,190
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	75	35	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	76,770	40,760	36,010
Single responses	76,020	40,240	35,780
Official languages	75,985	40,230	35,755
English	1,355	900	455
French	74,630	39,330	35,300
Non-official languages	35	10	25
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0
Atikamekw	10	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	0	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	0	15
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	15	0	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	750	525	230
English and French	730	515	215
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	76,770	40,760	36,010
None	70,600	36,610	33,990
English	5,260	3,535	1,725
French	825	570	260
Non-official language	55	20	30
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	10
Non-Indigenous	40	25	20
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	67,710	35,760	31,950
Worked at home	9,130	4,385	4,745
Worked outside Canada	45	30	20
No fixed workplace address	6,460	4,810	1,655
Usual place of work	52,070	26,540	25,530
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	52,070	26,540	25,530
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	48,315	23,930	24,380
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,045	645	400
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,630	1,895	735
Commute to a different province or territory	80	60	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	58,535	31,350	27,185
Car, truck or van	53,800	28,830	24,975
Car, truck or van - as a driver	51,320	27,565	23,760
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,475	1,260	1,215
Public transit	1,175	600	575
Walked	2,220	1,015	1,205
Bicycle	235	180	60
Other method	1,100	725	370
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	58,535	31,350	27,185
Less than 15 minutes	28,760	13,995	14,765
15 to 29 minutes	22,340	12,365	9,970
30 to 44 minutes	4,965	3,100	1,865
45 to 59 minutes	1,280	905	370
60 minutes and over	1,190	980	205
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	58,535	31,350	27,185
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,390	2,745	645
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,570	7,715	2,860
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	22,415	10,835	11,585
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,185	4,050	6,135
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,720	1,490	2,230
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,245	4,515	3,735
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,060	13,290	12,770
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,350	1,175	1,170
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,710	12,110	11,605
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,945	9,610	9,340
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,780	870	910
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,275	605	670
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	505	270	240
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,170	8,735	8,430

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 20, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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