Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Longue-Rive, Municipalité (MÉ)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove	CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	918	36,991,981
Population, 2016¹	1,026	35,151,728
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 10.5	5.2
Total private dwellings²	562	16,284,235
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	488	14,978,941
Population density per square kilometre	3.0	4.2
Land area in square kilometres	308.06	8,788,702.80
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	920	36,991,980
0 to 14 years	70	6,012,795
0 to 4 years	10	1,831,195
5 to 9 years	25	2,054,900
10 to 14 years	35	2,126,705
15 to 64 years	505	23,957,760
15 to 19 years	30	2,012,975
20 to 24 years	15	2,202,255
25 to 29 years	20	2,421,510
30 to 34 years	25	2,518,835
35 to 39 years	45	2,511,345
40 to 44 years	35	2,399,405
45 to 49 years	55	2,304,170
50 to 54 years	75	2,368,350
55 to 59 years	95	2,647,330
60 to 64 years	115	2,571,580
65 years and over	340	7,021,430
65 to 69 years	115	2,210,970
70 to 74 years	100	1,847,585
75 to 79 years	80	1,260,930
80 to 84 years	25	840,545
85 years and over	20	861,395
85 to 89 years	15	525,445
90 to 94 years	5	258,035
95 to 99 years	0	68,380
100 years and over	0	9,535
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7.6	16.3
15 to 64 years	54.9	64.8
65 years and over	37.0	19.0
85 years and over	2.2	2.3
Average age of the population	54.8	41.9
Median age of the population	59.6	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	485	14,978,940
Single-detached house	410	7,872,310
Semi-detached house	35	746,560
Row house	0	980,110
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	821,490
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	35	2,738,020
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	1,596,155
Other single-attached house	0	34,880
Movable dwelling⁴	0	189,420
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	485	14,978,940
1 person	205	4,396,015
2 persons	190	5,124,800
3 persons	60	2,194,825
4 persons	25	2,002,455
5 or more persons	10	1,260,850
Number of persons in private households	920	36,328,475
Average household size	1.9	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	850	30,979,185
Married or living common-law	485	17,626,005
Married	310	13,725,625
Living common-law	180	3,900,375
Living common law - Never married	155	2,967,665
Living common law - Separated	0	123,830
Living common law - Divorced	10	721,715
Living common law - Widowed	5	87,165
Not married and not living common-law	360	13,353,180
Not married and not living common law - Never married	205	9,025,865
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	741,135
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	55	1,921,880
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	95	1,664,295
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	270	10,262,925
2 persons	195	5,306,105
3 persons	50	2,147,825
4 persons	15	1,953,035
5 or more persons	10	855,960
Average size of census families	2.4	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.4	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	275	10,262,925
Total couple families	240	8,576,585
Married couples	150	6,627,310
With children⁶	35	3,481,775
Without children	115	3,145,535
Common-law couples	90	1,949,275
With children⁶	35	808,645
Without children	50	1,140,630
Total one-parent families	30	1,686,340
in which the parent is a woman+	25	1,302,670
in which the parent is a man+	5	383,670
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	920	36,328,475
Total - Persons in census families	650	29,478,475
Married spouses or common-law partners	485	17,153,165
Parents in one-parent families	30	1,686,340
Children⁶	140	10,638,965
In a two-parent family	100	8,024,590
In a one-parent family	35	2,614,375
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	265	6,850,005
Living alone	205	4,396,015
Living with other relatives⁷	40	927,345
Living with non-relatives only	15	1,526,645
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	490	14,978,945
One-census-family households without additional persons	245	8,932,695
Couple-family households	220	7,627,195
With children⁶	65	3,789,795
Without children	155	3,837,400
One-parent-family households	25	1,305,500
Multigenerational households⁸	10	441,745
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	94,235
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	15	450,415
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	663,835
One-person households	200	4,396,015
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	845	30,336,135
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	845	29,241,810
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,400	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	845	29,256,180
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,800	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	620	26,045,500
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	22,400	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	450	21,127,615
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,600	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	785	25,401,740
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,700	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	185	3,185,840
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,650	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	165	8,373,550
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	840	30,335,920
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	830	29,242,935
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,600	54,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	830	29,257,325
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,700	44,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	630	26,047,020
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	50,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	470	21,127,690
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	50,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	800	25,397,565
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,040	11,170
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	235	3,179,395
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,100	7,050
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	200	8,346,145
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,350	8,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	840	30,335,920
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	130	9,912,810
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	44,400	63,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	46,000	77,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	255	8,426,645
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,400	29,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	63.2	82.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	52.8	66.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	37.0	17.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	6.3	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0	5.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	850	30,336,130
Without total income	5	1,094,320
With total income	840	29,241,815
Under $10,000 (including loss)	75	2,434,730
$10,000 to $19,999	165	3,448,185
$20,000 to $29,999	225	4,635,650
$30,000 to $39,999	115	3,723,680
$40,000 to $49,999	75	3,290,715
$50,000 to $59,999	60	2,677,465
$60,000 to $69,999	40	2,073,335
$70,000 to $79,999	20	1,592,465
$80,000 to $89,999	20	1,239,395
$90,000 to $99,999	20	965,950
$100,000 and over	30	3,160,245
$100,000 to $149,999	25	2,102,630
$150,000 and over	0	1,057,615
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	850	30,336,130
Without after-tax income	5	1,079,955
With after-tax income	840	29,256,180
Under $10,000 (including loss)	80	2,561,695
$10,000 to $19,999	160	3,608,250
$20,000 to $29,999	250	5,294,505
$30,000 to $39,999	140	4,442,970
$40,000 to $49,999	80	3,798,710
$50,000 to $59,999	60	2,833,120
$60,000 to $69,999	30	2,020,895
$70,000 to $79,999	20	1,428,520
$80,000 to $89,999	15	1,027,015
$90,000 to $99,999	5	643,700
$100,000 and over	5	1,596,790
$100,000 to $124,999	5	792,455
$125,000 and over	0	804,335
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	850	30,336,130
Without employment income	395	9,208,520
With employment income	450	21,127,615
Under $5,000 (including loss)	75	2,951,135
$5,000 to $9,999	30	1,739,570
$10,000 to $19,999	65	2,498,120
$20,000 to $29,999	65	1,960,665
$30,000 to $39,999	55	1,903,100
$40,000 to $49,999	55	1,859,845
$50,000 to $59,999	25	1,640,805
$60,000 to $69,999	20	1,367,510
$70,000 to $79,999	15	1,099,625
$80,000 to $89,999	15	929,490
$90,000 to $99,999	5	760,035
$100,000 and over	25	2,417,710
$100,000 to $124,999	15	1,129,445
$125,000 and over	10	1,288,265
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	845	30,336,135
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	835	28,598,395
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,400	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	835	28,617,610
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	23,400	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	590	25,708,470
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,800	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	455	21,241,445
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,200	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	750	23,196,815
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,400	4,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	190	2,428,800
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200	5,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	840	30,335,920
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	815	28,599,665
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	52,350
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	815	28,618,280
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,700	42,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	580	25,709,140
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,800	51,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	490	21,242,575
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,400	50,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	730	23,191,860
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,240	7,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	215	2,430,165
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,850	7,560
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	840	30,335,920
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	130	9,831,805
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	38,000	60,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	47,000	73,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	235	7,934,985
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,600	24,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,800	35,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	73.0	87.6
Employment income (%)	60.8	71.8
Government transfers (%)	27.2	12.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	5.6	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	485	14,978,940
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	47,200	84,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	43,200	73,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	200	4,396,015
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	25,000	41,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	24,600	37,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	285	10,582,930
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	72,500	105,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	65,000	91,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	485	14,978,940
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,200	106,300
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	53,800	87,700
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	190	4,394,500
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	53,350
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	44,360
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	300	10,584,445
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000	128,200
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	66,500	105,700
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	485	14,978,940
Under $5,000	5	165,175
$5,000 to $9,999	5	91,750
$10,000 to $14,999	15	178,475
$15,000 to $19,999	20	274,140
$20,000 to $24,999	65	637,695
$25,000 to $29,999	25	505,875
$30,000 to $34,999	30	488,735
$35,000 to $39,999	50	560,950
$40,000 to $44,999	25	572,650
$45,000 to $49,999	15	559,155
$50,000 to $59,999	40	1,093,185
$60,000 to $69,999	25	1,044,715
$70,000 to $79,999	35	986,460
$80,000 to $89,999	25	921,205
$90,000 to $99,999	25	844,835
$100,000 and over	85	6,053,945
$100,000 to $124,999	35	1,753,485
$125,000 to $149,999	20	1,283,445
$150,000 to $199,999	20	1,545,935
$200,000 and over	10	1,471,075
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	485	14,978,940
Under $5,000	5	186,735
$5,000 to $9,999	5	95,195
$10,000 to $14,999	10	183,430
$15,000 to $19,999	15	289,545
$20,000 to $24,999	65	681,900
$25,000 to $29,999	30	589,110
$30,000 to $34,999	40	582,275
$35,000 to $39,999	55	666,675
$40,000 to $44,999	25	676,995
$45,000 to $49,999	25	655,100
$50,000 to $59,999	45	1,285,425
$60,000 to $69,999	30	1,223,830
$70,000 to $79,999	40	1,137,840
$80,000 to $89,999	30	1,039,375
$90,000 to $99,999	15	911,515
$100,000 and over	55	4,773,995
$100,000 to $124,999	35	1,757,035
$125,000 to $149,999	10	1,152,855
$150,000 and over	10	1,864,100
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	280	10,117,305
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	73,000	105,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	65,000	91,000
Average family size of economic families	2.5	3.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	155	3,929,500
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	91,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	53,600	79,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	70	4,311,315
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	136,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	116,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.6	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	1,547,920
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	70,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	50,400	64,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.3	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	220	5,922,660
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	25,000	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	24,600	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	300	10,113,100
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,500	128,600
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	66,000	105,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	165	3,926,040
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	112,500
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	92,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	80	4,318,755
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	160,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	130,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35	1,539,580
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	44,000	82,300
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	40,000	71,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	195	5,916,895
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	49,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	41,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	915	36,328,475
0 to 17 years	85	7,196,545
0 to 5 years	15	2,225,085
18 to 64 years	490	22,545,065
65 years and over	340	6,586,865
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	215	4,016,065
0 to 17 years	5	854,565
0 to 5 years	0	282,315
18 to 64 years	65	2,175,755
65 years and over	150	985,745
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	23.6	11.1
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	x	12.7
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	9.7
65 years and over (%)	43.0	15.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	920	35,837,970
0 to 17 years	85	7,043,545
0 to 5 years	15	2,175,935
18 to 64 years	490	22,262,940
65 years and over	340	6,531,490
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	20	1,863,335
0 to 17 years	0	319,545
0 to 5 years	0	99,435
18 to 64 years	15	1,344,640
65 years and over	5	199,155
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.0	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	x	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	x	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	6.0
65 years and over (%)	x	3.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	915	36,328,475
In bottom half of the distribution	655	18,164,550
In bottom decile	155	3,632,735
In second decile	190	3,632,975
In third decile	115	3,632,895
In fourth decile	110	3,632,745
In fifth decile	80	3,633,205
In top half of the distribution	265	18,163,925
In sixth decile	90	3,632,910
In seventh decile	60	3,632,765
In eighth decile	65	3,632,555
In ninth decile	45	3,632,930
In top decile	5	3,632,765
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	920	36,328,475
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.295	0.347
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.525	0.462
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.252	0.302
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	3.8
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	920	36,620,955
English only	5	25,261,655
French only	830	4,087,895
English and French	85	6,581,680
Neither English nor French	0	689,725
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	920	36,620,955
English	10	27,643,140
French	905	7,828,545
English and French	0	476,175
Neither English nor French	0	673,100
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	920	36,620,955
Single responses	915	35,145,265
Official languages	915	27,296,445
English	10	20,107,200
French	910	7,189,245
Non-official languages	0	7,848,820
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	148,895
Algonquian languages	0	97,125
Blackfoot	0	2,520
Cree-Innu languages	0	67,665
Atikamekw	0	5,500
Cree languages	0	53,070
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	155
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	580
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	3,460
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	2,475
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	5,025
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	2,850
Cree, n.o.s.	0	38,535
Innu (Montagnais)	0	8,465
Naskapi	0	625
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	5,155
Mi'kmaq	0	4,910
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	245
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	21,775
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	865
Oji-Cree	0	9,310
Ojibway languages	0	11,605
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	470
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	65
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	1,880
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	9,185
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Athabaskan languages	0	12,885
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	12,785
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	625
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	120
Dene, n.o.s.	0	8,060
Gwich'in	0	175
Slavey-Hare languages	0	1,505
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	400
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	270
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	840
Tahltan languages	0	150
Kaska (Nahani)	0	65
Tahltan	0	80
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	1,390
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	35
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	465
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	25
Tutchone languages	0	120
Northern Tutchone	0	70
Southern Tutchone	0	25
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	25
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	120
Tlingit	0	50
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	45
Haida	0	45
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	33,790
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	560
Inuinnaqtun	0	335
Inuvialuktun	0	225
Inuktitut	0	33,200
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	30
Iroquoian languages	0	355
Cayuga	0	35
Mohawk	0	275
Oneida	0	45
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	30
Michif	0	485
Salish languages	0	1,095
Halkomelem	0	185
Lillooet	0	100
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	180
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	265
Squamish	0	25
Straits	0	95
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	55
Siouan languages	0	1,040
Assiniboine	0	70
Dakota	0	560
Stoney	0	365
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	45
Tsimshian languages	0	1,035
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	590
Nisga'a	0	325
Tsimshian	0	120
Wakashan languages	0	770
Haisla	0	85
Heiltsuk	0	300
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	150
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	220
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	60
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	180
Non-Indigenous languages	0	7,699,925
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	698,355
Berber languages	0	27,490
Kabyle	0	24,760
Tamazight	0	2,340
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	395
Chadic languages	0	1,985
Hausa	0	1,315
Mina	0	675
Coptic	0	1,015
Cushitic languages	0	49,410
Bilen	0	2,020
Oromo	0	5,905
Somali	0	40,730
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	755
Semitic languages	0	618,450
Amharic	0	25,685
Arabic	0	508,410
Aramaic languages	0	27,690
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	17,220
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	8,860
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	1,600
Harari	0	1,220
Hebrew	0	19,495
Maltese	0	4,425
Tigrigna	0	31,075
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	450
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	192,985
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	19,525
Vietnamese	0	173,000
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	460
Austronesian languages	0	565,375
Bikol	0	2,115
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	8,215
Cebuano	0	18,945
Fijian	0	605
Hiligaynon	0	9,690
Ilocano	0	33,520
Indonesian	0	11,910
Kankanaey	0	1,100
Kinaray-a	0	670
Malagasy languages	0	2,085
Merina	0	1,245
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	835
Malay	0	1,330
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	5,615
Pangasinan	0	2,050
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	461,150
Waray-Waray	0	1,625
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	4,740
Creole languages	0	78,235
Haitian Creole	0	52,435
Jamaican English Creole	0	600
Krio	0	795
Morisyen	0	6,125
Sango	0	580
Creole, n.o.s.	0	15,550
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	2,135
Dravidian languages	0	244,165
Kannada	0	6,240
Malayalam	0	54,050
Tamil	0	152,850
Telugu	0	30,045
Tulu	0	615
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	370
Georgian	0	2,180
Hmong-Mien languages	0	565
Indo-European languages	0	4,124,860
Albanian	0	29,265
Armenian	0	33,720
Balto-Slavic languages	0	648,810
Baltic languages	0	10,560
Latvian	0	4,430
Lithuanian	0	6,130
Slavic languages	0	638,250
Belarusian	0	720
Bulgarian	0	19,035
Czech	0	20,025
Macedonian	0	14,795
Polish	0	160,170
Russian	0	197,905
Rusyn	0	500
Serbo-Croatian	0	116,735
Bosnian	0	13,820
Croatian	0	43,500
Serbian	0	57,425
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	1,995
Slovak	0	15,255
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	7,965
Ukrainian	0	84,705
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	440
Celtic languages	0	2,150
Irish	0	665
Scottish Gaelic	0	425
Welsh	0	825
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	230
Germanic languages	0	463,400
Frisian	0	1,570
High German languages	0	301,570
German	0	272,865
Pennsylvania German	0	9,065
Swiss German	0	7,575
Yiddish	0	12,060
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	138,655
Afrikaans	0	12,270
Dutch	0	80,315
Low German, n.o.s.	0	8,670
Low Saxon	0	1,270
Plautdietsch	0	33,200
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	2,935
Scandinavian languages	0	20,275
Danish	0	9,945
Icelandic	0	905
Norwegian	0	3,535
Swedish	0	5,890
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	1,330
Greek	0	93,335
Indo-Iranian languages	0	1,659,505
Indo-Aryan languages	0	1,358,645
Assamese	0	545
Bengali	0	87,580
Gujarati	0	138,985
Hindi	0	152,825
Kacchi	0	6,930
Kashmiri	0	745
Konkani	0	3,425
Marathi	0	14,145
Nepali	0	23,425
Oriya languages	0	1,775
Odia	0	1,125
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	645
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	666,585
Rohingya	0	545
Sindhi	0	3,985
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	18,000
Urdu	0	235,290
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	3,865
Iranian languages	0	300,555
Baluchi	0	555
Kurdish	0	16,485
Parsi	0	555
Pashto	0	19,520
Persian languages	0	262,625
Dari	0	57,220
Iranian Persian	0	179,425
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	25,975
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	815
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	305
Italic (Romance) languages	0	1,194,290
Catalan	0	905
Italian	0	319,505
Portuguese	0	240,680
Romanian	0	93,160
Spanish	0	538,870
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	1,165
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	385
Japanese	0	43,850
Korean	0	170,400
Mongolian	0	1,850
Niger-Congo languages	0	108,295
Akan (Twi)	0	13,120
Bamanankan	0	1,855
Edo	0	1,685
Éwé	0	1,955
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	3,520
Ga	0	815
Ganda	0	1,890
Gikuyu	0	760
Igbo	0	5,175
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	7,380
Lingala	0	4,260
Luba-Kasai	0	520
Mòoré	0	515
Mwani	0	695
Ndebele	0	920
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	8,660
Shona	0	3,605
Soninke	0	505
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	520
Swahili	0	16,000
Wojenaka	0	1,030
Wolof	0	4,890
Yoruba	0	15,015
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	13,000
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	6,920
Dinka	0	1,865
Nuer	0	1,090
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	3,395
African, n.o.s.	0	575
Sign languages	0	6,955
American Sign Language	0	4,965
Quebec Sign Language	0	990
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	1,005
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	1,309,825
Chinese languages	0	1,292,640
Hakka	0	9,765
Mandarin	0	679,255
Min Dong	0	1,310
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	27,805
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	8,880
Yue (Cantonese)	0	553,380
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	11,610
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	630
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	16,600
Burmese	0	3,305
Kuki-Chin languages	0	870
Karenic languages	0	4,520
S'gaw Karen	0	3,900
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	615
Tibetan	0	7,025
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	890
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	585
Tai-Kadai languages	0	22,350
Lao	0	11,485
Thai	0	10,455
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	410
Turkic languages	0	53,520
Azerbaijani	0	4,490
Kazakh	0	540
Turkish	0	44,190
Uyghur	0	1,355
Uzbek	0	1,805
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	1,150
Uralic languages	0	68,180
Estonian	0	4,485
Finnish	0	12,200
Hungarian	0	51,500
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	1,060
Multiple responses	0	1,475,690
English and French	0	291,325
English and non-official language(s)	0	921,480
French and non-official language(s)	0	117,910
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	52,880
Multiple non-official languages	0	92,095
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	920	36,620,955
English	5	20,920,835
French	905	6,456,960
Non-official language	0	2,402,180
Indigenous³⁹	0	50,460
Non-Indigenous	0	2,351,720
English and French	5	953,760
English and non-official language(s)	0	4,835,815
French and non-official language(s)	0	395,320
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	455,760
Multiple non-official languages	0	200,320
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	920	36,620,955
Single responses	915	35,057,615
Official languages	915	30,421,050
English	5	23,376,200
French	910	7,044,855
Non-official languages	0	4,636,560
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	85,835
Algonquian languages	0	50,135
Blackfoot	0	980
Cree-Innu languages	0	38,255
Atikamekw	0	4,345
Cree languages	0	26,700
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	50
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	560
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	2,545
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	665
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	1,455
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	830
Cree, n.o.s.	0	20,585
Innu (Montagnais)	0	6,710
Naskapi	0	505
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	2,650
Mi'kmaq	0	2,595
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	55
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	8,250
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	230
Oji-Cree	0	4,540
Ojibway languages	0	3,480
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	145
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	25
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	390
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	2,925
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	7,260
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	7,230
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	220
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	30
Dene, n.o.s.	0	5,255
Gwich'in	0	35
Slavey-Hare languages	0	705
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	200
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	115
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	395
Tahltan languages	0	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	5
Tahltan	0	5
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	755
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	165
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	5
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	40
Tlingit	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Haida	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	27,295
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	145
Inuinnaqtun	0	95
Inuvialuktun	0	50
Inuktitut	0	27,140
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Iroquoian languages	0	100
Cayuga	0	15
Mohawk	0	65
Oneida	0	15
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	5
Michif	0	150
Salish languages	0	260
Halkomelem	0	50
Lillooet	0	35
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	35
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	85
Squamish	0	5
Straits	0	30
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	15
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Siouan languages	0	240
Assiniboine	0	10
Dakota	0	120
Stoney	0	90
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Tsimshian languages	0	220
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	120
Nisga'a	0	85
Tsimshian	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	70
Haisla	0	10
Heiltsuk	0	5
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	20
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	25
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	85
Non-Indigenous languages	0	4,550,725
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	395,840
Berber languages	0	11,295
Kabyle	0	10,180
Tamazight	0	840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	280
Chadic languages	0	835
Hausa	0	635
Mina	0	200
Coptic	0	545
Cushitic languages	0	30,375
Bilen	0	1,645
Oromo	0	3,890
Somali	0	24,410
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	425
Semitic languages	0	352,790
Amharic	0	14,030
Arabic	0	285,915
Aramaic languages	0	20,740
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	12,935
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	6,585
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	1,220
Harari	0	680
Hebrew	0	8,515
Maltese	0	795
Tigrigna	0	21,860
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	250
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	127,730
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	10,650
Vietnamese	0	116,785
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	300
Austronesian languages	0	326,245
Bikol	0	760
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	4,125
Cebuano	0	10,195
Fijian	0	200
Hiligaynon	0	5,015
Ilocano	0	18,350
Indonesian	0	4,150
Kankanaey	0	585
Kinaray-a	0	320
Malagasy languages	0	725
Merina	0	330
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	390
Malay	0	280
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	3,030
Pangasinan	0	680
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	275,045
Waray-Waray	0	680
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	2,100
Creole languages	0	35,195
Haitian Creole	0	22,610
Jamaican English Creole	0	300
Krio	0	360
Morisyen	0	3,640
Sango	0	295
Creole, n.o.s.	0	7,120
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	870
Dravidian languages	0	169,705
Kannada	0	3,060
Malayalam	0	35,390
Tamil	0	112,335
Telugu	0	18,470
Tulu	0	240
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	205
Georgian	0	1,335
Hmong-Mien languages	0	215
Indo-European languages	0	2,264,155
Albanian	0	14,110
Armenian	0	21,970
Balto-Slavic languages	0	303,480
Baltic languages	0	2,495
Latvian	0	880
Lithuanian	0	1,615
Slavic languages	0	300,985
Belarusian	0	215
Bulgarian	0	10,315
Czech	0	5,680
Macedonian	0	6,105
Polish	0	65,140
Russian	0	125,780
Rusyn	0	290
Serbo-Croatian	0	53,150
Bosnian	0	6,480
Croatian	0	14,925
Serbian	0	31,110
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	640
Slovak	0	5,015
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	1,375
Ukrainian	0	27,825
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	95
Celtic languages	0	555
Irish	0	310
Scottish Gaelic	0	105
Welsh	0	100
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	40
Germanic languages	0	140,450
Frisian	0	270
High German languages	0	103,780
German	0	86,820
Pennsylvania German	0	7,270
Swiss German	0	1,750
Yiddish	0	7,950
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	33,710
Afrikaans	0	6,095
Dutch	0	8,100
Low German, n.o.s.	0	4,965
Low Saxon	0	490
Plautdietsch	0	13,845
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	220
Scandinavian languages	0	1,940
Danish	0	615
Icelandic	0	175
Norwegian	0	260
Swedish	0	890
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	740
Greek	0	38,300
Indo-Iranian languages	0	1,167,370
Indo-Aryan languages	0	962,820
Assamese	0	215
Bengali	0	56,750
Gujarati	0	92,005
Hindi	0	91,930
Kacchi	0	3,055
Kashmiri	0	270
Konkani	0	880
Marathi	0	7,460
Nepali	0	16,835
Oriya languages	0	795
Odia	0	525
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	270
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	520,390
Rohingya	0	410
Sindhi	0	2,110
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	9,665
Urdu	0	158,040
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	2,015
Iranian languages	0	204,420
Baluchi	0	330
Kurdish	0	10,380
Parsi	0	280
Pashto	0	13,215
Persian languages	0	179,745
Dari	0	36,190
Iranian Persian	0	125,840
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	17,715
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	475
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	125
Italic (Romance) languages	0	577,735
Catalan	0	370
Italian	0	92,755
Portuguese	0	118,730
Romanian	0	48,090
Spanish	0	317,365
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	425
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	190
Japanese	0	20,055
Korean	0	125,525
Mongolian	0	1,050
Niger-Congo languages	0	38,600
Akan (Twi)	0	6,000
Bamanankan	0	560
Edo	0	365
Éwé	0	470
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	1,315
Ga	0	260
Ganda	0	555
Gikuyu	0	105
Igbo	0	1,530
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	2,720
Lingala	0	1,520
Luba-Kasai	0	90
Mòoré	0	70
Mwani	0	160
Ndebele	0	295
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	3,780
Shona	0	1,035
Soninke	0	235
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	130
Swahili	0	7,055
Wojenaka	0	290
Wolof	0	1,945
Yoruba	0	5,395
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	2,720
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	3,155
Dinka	0	900
Nuer	0	645
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	1,465
African, n.o.s.	0	140
Sign languages	0	12,160
American Sign Language	0	8,175
Quebec Sign Language	0	1,475
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	2,520
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	967,965
Chinese languages	0	955,685
Hakka	0	3,625
Mandarin	0	530,945
Min Dong	0	775
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	13,945
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	5,750
Yue (Cantonese)	0	393,430
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	6,985
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	225
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	11,990
Burmese	0	2,075
Kuki-Chin languages	0	660
Karenic languages	0	3,400
S'gaw Karen	0	2,960
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	440
Tibetan	0	5,395
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	465
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	290
Tai-Kadai languages	0	10,120
Lao	0	5,955
Thai	0	3,955
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	210
Turkic languages	0	32,490
Azerbaijani	0	2,200
Kazakh	0	105
Turkish	0	27,970
Uyghur	0	850
Uzbek	0	950
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	410
Uralic languages	0	18,790
Estonian	0	615
Finnish	0	1,880
Hungarian	0	16,295
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	390
Multiple responses	0	1,563,345
English and French	0	230,955
English and non-official language(s)	0	1,123,355
French and non-official language(s)	0	125,525
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	56,805
Multiple non-official languages	0	26,705
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	920	36,620,955
None	915	31,053,450
English	0	1,956,965
French	0	571,040
Non-official language	0	2,248,130
Indigenous³⁹	0	63,565
Non-Indigenous	0	2,184,565
English and French	0	86,185
English and non-official language(s)	0	323,845
French and non-official language(s)	0	134,565
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	11,870
Multiple non-official languages	0	234,905
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	920	36,328,480
Official languages	920	35,644,660
English	105	31,628,570
French	920	10,563,235
Non-official languages	10	10,724,700
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	243,155
Algonquian languages	0	163,815
Blackfoot	0	6,680
Cree-Innu languages	0	105,850
Atikamekw	0	6,815
Cree languages	0	87,875
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	420
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	895
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	4,880
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	4,675
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	12,005
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	5,110
Cree, n.o.s.	0	61,000
Innu (Montagnais)	0	10,745
Naskapi	0	1,035
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	10,035
Mi'kmaq	0	9,245
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	820
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	42,865
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	1,950
Oji-Cree	0	15,305
Ojibway languages	0	26,160
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	2,035
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	215
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	3,625
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	20,720
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	165
Athabaskan languages	0	20,390
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	20,135
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	1,550
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	270
Dene, n.o.s.	0	11,560
Gwich'in	0	295
Slavey-Hare languages	0	2,330
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	775
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	415
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	1,210
Tahltan languages	0	480
Kaska (Nahani)	0	245
Tahltan	0	235
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	2,140
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	135
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	870
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	175
Tutchone languages	0	320
Northern Tutchone	0	135
Southern Tutchone	0	140
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	50
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	290
Tlingit	0	150
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	110
Haida	0	245
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	42,795
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	1,140
Inuinnaqtun	0	795
Inuvialuktun	0	350
Inuktitut	0	41,680
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	70
Iroquoian languages	0	2,055
Cayuga	0	230
Mohawk	0	1,605
Oneida	0	210
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	65
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	215
Michif	0	1,905
Salish languages	0	5,305
Halkomelem	0	1,415
Lillooet	0	600
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	510
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	1,090
Squamish	0	350
Straits	0	325
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	705
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	360
Siouan languages	0	2,965
Assiniboine	0	370
Dakota	0	1,530
Stoney	0	925
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	325
Tsimshian languages	0	2,665
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	1,135
Nisga'a	0	1,110
Tsimshian	0	465
Wakashan languages	0	2,205
Haisla	0	295
Heiltsuk	0	335
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	820
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	700
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	55
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	645
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	855
Non-Indigenous languages	10	10,485,595
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	1,100,035
Berber languages	0	42,835
Kabyle	0	37,415
Tamazight	0	4,735
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	1,330
Chadic languages	0	7,090
Hausa	0	5,080
Mina	0	2,010
Coptic	0	3,690
Cushitic languages	0	71,930
Bilen	0	2,745
Oromo	0	9,635
Somali	0	59,005
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	1,400
Semitic languages	0	1,015,485
Amharic	0	48,305
Arabic	0	838,045
Aramaic languages	0	39,655
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	23,865
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	13,285
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	3,195
Harari	0	2,000
Hebrew	0	83,205
Maltese	0	6,535
Tigrigna	0	45,970
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	1,760
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	260,030
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	28,390
Vietnamese	0	232,800
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	910
Austronesian languages	0	793,275
Bikol	0	4,260
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	10,990
Cebuano	0	33,045
Fijian	0	1,765
Hiligaynon	0	16,385
Ilocano	0	61,680
Indonesian	0	19,815
Kankanaey	0	1,950
Kinaray-a	0	860
Malagasy languages	0	3,885
Merina	0	2,355
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	1,565
Malay	0	10,770
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	10,555
Pangasinan	0	4,455
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	737,565
Waray-Waray	0	4,520
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	20,140
Creole languages	0	184,840
Haitian Creole	0	134,895
Jamaican English Creole	0	4,875
Krio	0	1,955
Morisyen	0	15,345
Sango	0	1,535
Creole, n.o.s.	0	31,220
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	9,585
Dravidian languages	0	359,485
Kannada	0	18,420
Malayalam	0	77,910
Tamil	0	237,890
Telugu	0	54,685
Tulu	0	1,765
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	970
Georgian	0	3,015
Hmong-Mien languages	0	720
Indo-European languages	10	5,849,775
Albanian	0	38,345
Armenian	0	44,500
Balto-Slavic languages	0	820,305
Baltic languages	0	13,890
Latvian	0	6,020
Lithuanian	0	7,895
Slavic languages	0	809,985
Belarusian	0	2,825
Bulgarian	0	24,210
Czech	0	28,625
Macedonian	0	23,015
Polish	0	204,460
Russian	0	309,235
Rusyn	0	680
Serbo-Croatian	0	155,775
Bosnian	0	25,380
Croatian	0	73,845
Serbian	0	83,735
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	3,085
Slovak	0	20,905
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	10,650
Ukrainian	0	131,655
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	770
Celtic languages	0	10,485
Irish	0	5,360
Scottish Gaelic	0	2,170
Welsh	0	2,170
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	910
Germanic languages	0	658,705
Frisian	0	2,835
High German languages	0	453,995
German	0	419,195
Pennsylvania German	0	10,565
Swiss German	0	10,465
Yiddish	0	20,155
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	191,840
Afrikaans	0	29,670
Dutch	0	107,985
Low German, n.o.s.	0	10,555
Low Saxon	0	1,310
Plautdietsch	0	41,165
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	3,985
Scandinavian languages	0	37,500
Danish	0	14,700
Icelandic	0	1,475
Norwegian	0	8,860
Swedish	0	14,620
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	1,275
Greek	0	145,060
Indo-Iranian languages	0	2,263,825
Indo-Aryan languages	0	1,918,570
Assamese	0	1,155
Bengali	0	120,605
Gujarati	0	209,415
Hindi	0	761,425
Kacchi	0	15,085
Kashmiri	0	1,830
Konkani	0	8,950
Marathi	0	35,230
Nepali	0	30,660
Oriya languages	0	3,235
Odia	0	1,710
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	1,550
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	942,170
Rohingya	0	765
Sindhi	0	8,385
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	33,050
Urdu	0	414,870
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	11,320
Iranian languages	0	370,520
Baluchi	0	985
Kurdish	0	24,035
Parsi	0	1,000
Pashto	0	31,695
Persian languages	0	326,285
Dari	0	78,220
Iranian Persian	0	222,160
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	30,345
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	1,830
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	2,135
Italic (Romance) languages	10	2,054,885
Catalan	0	2,855
Italian	0	547,655
Portuguese	0	336,865
Romanian	0	116,520
Spanish	10	1,171,450
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	4,890
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	1,965
Japanese	0	98,070
Korean	0	203,885
Mongolian	0	2,545
Niger-Congo languages	0	267,520
Akan (Twi)	0	26,240
Bamanankan	0	4,950
Edo	0	4,945
Éwé	0	4,645
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	7,840
Ga	0	3,255
Ganda	0	4,650
Gikuyu	0	1,850
Igbo	0	18,365
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	13,515
Lingala	0	25,720
Luba-Kasai	0	2,695
Mòoré	0	2,085
Mwani	0	1,080
Ndebele	0	2,425
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	14,825
Shona	0	7,280
Soninke	0	1,010
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	1,305
Swahili	0	57,295
Wojenaka	0	2,820
Wolof	0	12,940
Yoruba	0	50,935
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	43,625
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	11,090
Dinka	0	2,815
Nuer	0	1,490
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	6,815
African, n.o.s.	0	2,760
Sign languages	0	49,535
American Sign Language	0	37,620
Quebec Sign Language	0	6,195
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	7,450
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	1,550,930
Chinese languages	0	1,528,860
Hakka	0	14,830
Mandarin	0	987,300
Min Dong	0	1,825
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	51,755
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	13,660
Yue (Cantonese)	0	724,925
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	11,720
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	1,185
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	22,300
Burmese	0	5,935
Kuki-Chin languages	0	1,140
Karenic languages	0	5,705
S'gaw Karen	0	5,030
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	845
Tibetan	0	9,160
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	1,940
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	1,220
Tai-Kadai languages	0	33,705
Lao	0	17,630
Thai	0	18,575
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	800
Turkic languages	0	91,375
Azerbaijani	0	9,875
Kazakh	0	1,415
Turkish	0	78,500
Uyghur	0	1,660
Uzbek	0	3,290
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	2,150
Uralic languages	0	85,055
Estonian	0	5,315
Finnish	0	15,325
Hungarian	0	64,625
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5,545
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	920	36,328,480
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	155	1,807,250
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	145	1,743,165
First Nations (North American Indian)	55	1,048,405
Métis	85	624,220
Inuk (Inuit)	0	70,540
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	28,855
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	35,225
Non-Indigenous identity	760	34,521,230
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	920	36,328,480
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	60	831,720
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	860	35,496,755
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	490	14,978,940
Owner	375	9,955,975
Renter	115	4,953,840
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	69,130
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	490	14,978,940
Condominium	10	2,248,280
Not condominium	480	12,730,660
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	490	14,978,940
No bedrooms	0	132,060
1 bedroom	40	2,124,485
2 bedrooms	150	3,829,965
3 bedrooms	215	4,982,900
4 or more bedrooms	85	3,909,525
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	490	14,978,940
1 to 4 rooms	125	4,662,125
5 rooms	120	2,323,910
6 rooms	55	2,037,185
7 rooms	60	1,796,855
8 or more rooms	125	4,158,855
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	6.1
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	490	14,978,940
One person or fewer per room	490	14,625,230
More than one person per room	0	353,715
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	490	14,978,940
Suitable	490	14,173,290
Not suitable	0	805,650
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	490	14,978,940
1960 or before	150	3,027,045
1961 to 1980	205	4,171,840
1981 to 1990	35	1,982,515
1991 to 2000	65	1,805,985
2001 to 2005	10	959,860
2006 to 2010	10	1,034,925
2011 to 2015	0	967,540
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	10	1,029,220
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	490	14,978,940
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	445	14,059,395
Major repairs needed	35	919,545
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	490	14,978,940
One-maintainer household	340	7,659,700
Two-maintainer household	145	6,631,755
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	687,485
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	490	14,978,940
15 to 24 years	10	424,695
25 to 34 years	30	2,077,895
35 to 44 years	40	2,600,000
45 to 54 years	60	2,646,945
55 to 64 years	145	3,046,560
65 to 74 years	125	2,432,140
75 to 84 years	65	1,292,805
85 years and over	15	457,900
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	485	14,687,350
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	440	11,612,640
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	45	3,074,715
30% to less than 100%	40	2,742,920
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	490	14,978,940
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	80	4,379,420
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	40	2,728,995
Not suitable only	0	595,110
Major repairs needed only	35	645,465
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	135,770
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	199,355
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	64,095
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	10,630
Acceptable housing	405	10,599,520
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	475	14,355,555
In core need	60	1,451,025
Not in core need	415	12,904,530
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	370	9,807,720
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	44.6	60.0
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.1	14.8
% in core housing need⁶³	12.3	5.3
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	484	1,240
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	652	1,498
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	85,000	472,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	98,000	618,500
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	110	4,936,850
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	27.3	11.7
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.2	33.2
% in core housing need⁶³	18.2	20.0
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	504	1,070
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	530	1,209
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	69,130
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	5.9
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	284
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	327
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	915	36,328,475
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	145	985,200
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	145	963,705
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	115	763,230
Métis single ancestry	25	146,010
Inuit single ancestry	0	54,475
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	21,490
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	17,665
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	2,430
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	1,070
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	320
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	50	1,219,285
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	50	1,183,350
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	801,630
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	362,130
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	19,595
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	35,930
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	31,815
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	2,785
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	1,005
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	330
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	725	34,124,000
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	915	36,328,475
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	915	33,143,225
Canadian citizens aged under 18	95	6,784,875
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	825	26,358,355
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	0	3,185,250
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	915	36,328,475
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	910	27,042,120
Immigrants⁸¹	0	8,361,505
Before 1980	0	1,540,610
1980 to 1990	0	924,320
1991 to 2000	0	1,511,475
2001 to 2010	0	1,930,525
2011 to 2021⁸²	0	2,454,570
2011 to 2015	0	1,126,330
2016 to 2021	0	1,328,240
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	924,850
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	0	8,361,505
Under 5 years	0	748,265
5 to 14 years	0	1,438,440
15 to 24 years	0	1,594,290
25 to 44 years	0	3,783,335
45 years and over	0	797,180
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	0	8,361,505
Americas	0	1,203,180
Brazil	0	48,450
Colombia	0	80,570
El Salvador	0	49,450
Guyana	0	85,530
Haiti	0	99,945
Jamaica	0	145,360
Mexico	0	90,585
Peru	0	31,420
Trinidad and Tobago	0	65,035
United States of America	0	256,090
Other places of birth in Americas	0	250,760
Europe	0	1,967,620
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	35,925
Croatia	0	36,675
France	0	121,525
Germany	0	126,470
Greece	0	54,715
Hungary	0	31,050
Italy	0	204,065
Netherlands	0	75,830
Poland	0	135,030
Portugal	0	128,795
Romania	0	86,770
Russian Federation	0	81,840
Serbia⁸⁶	0	31,925
Ukraine	0	81,135
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	464,135
Other places of birth in Europe	0	271,725
Africa	0	821,735
Algeria	0	79,660
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	33,110
Egypt	0	73,710
Eritrea	0	31,385
Ethiopia	0	41,715
Morocco	0	81,775
Nigeria	0	81,290
Somalia	0	32,500
South Africa, Republic of	0	51,590
Other places of birth in Africa	0	314,995
Asia	0	4,307,000
Afghanistan	0	62,450
Iran⁸⁸	0	182,940
Iraq	0	84,130
Lebanon	0	95,725
Syria⁸⁹	0	97,590
Turkey	0	35,270
China⁹⁰	0	715,835
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	213,855
Korea, South⁹²	0	138,355
Taiwan	0	65,365
Philippines	0	719,580
Viet Nam	0	182,095
Bangladesh	0	70,090
India	0	898,050
Pakistan	0	234,105
Sri Lanka	0	136,240
Other places of birth in Asia	0	375,340
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	61,965
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	1,328,240
Americas	0	154,490
Brazil	0	19,895
Colombia	0	11,455
Haiti	0	10,550
Jamaica	0	15,155
Mexico	0	17,150
United States of America	0	39,875
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	7,060
Other places of birth in Americas	0	33,350
Europe	0	134,425
France	0	27,175
Germany	0	5,365
Ireland⁹⁶	0	6,355
Italy	0	4,240
Russian Federation	0	10,905
Ukraine	0	14,515
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	22,755
Other places of birth in Europe	0	43,120
Africa	0	206,965
Algeria	0	15,745
Burundi	0	4,935
Cameroon	0	11,795
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	8,915
Côte d'Ivoire	0	7,915
Egypt	0	12,120
Eritrea	0	16,330
Ethiopia	0	9,385
Morocco	0	12,835
Nigeria	0	40,360
Somalia	0	6,315
South Africa, Republic of	0	8,510
Sudan⁹⁷	0	4,690
Tunisia	0	8,155
Other places of birth in Africa	0	38,960
Asia	0	823,205
Afghanistan	0	12,730
Bangladesh	0	13,185
China⁹⁰	0	118,035
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	6,495
India	0	246,995
Iran⁸⁸	0	25,650
Iraq	0	17,715
Israel	0	4,850
Japan	0	4,445
Jordan	0	4,635
Korea, South⁹²	0	20,985
Lebanon	0	9,980
Nepal	0	4,890
Pakistan	0	36,255
Philippines	0	151,490
Saudi Arabia	0	9,560
Sri Lanka	0	8,480
Syria⁸⁹	0	63,130
Turkey	0	10,150
United Arab Emirates	0	8,405
Viet Nam	0	14,725
Other places of birth in Asia	0	30,410
Oceania and other⁹³	0	9,160
Australia	0	6,535
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	2,625
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	920	36,328,480
First generation¹⁰⁰	0	9,606,595
Second generation¹⁰¹	0	6,393,310
Third generation or more¹⁰²	915	20,328,565
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	0	6,820,895
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	0	3,673,705
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	0	1,556,675
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	0	2,117,030
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	0	2,016,010
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	1,039,275
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	91,900
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	0	6,820,895
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	416,105
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	705,405
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	183,250
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	377,130
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	39,540
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	0	5,099,470
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	920	36,328,480
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	0	9,639,205
South Asian	0	2,571,400
Chinese	0	1,715,770
Black	0	1,547,870
Filipino	0	957,355
Arab	0	694,015
Latin American	0	580,235
Southeast Asian	0	390,340
West Asian	0	360,495
Korean	0	218,140
Japanese	0	98,890
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	172,885
Multiple visible minorities	0	331,805
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	920	26,689,275
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	915	36,328,475
Canadian	395	5,677,205
English	0	5,322,830
Irish	10	4,413,120
Scottish	0	4,392,200
French, n.o.s.¹²²	130	3,985,945
German	0	2,955,695
Chinese	0	1,713,870
Italian	0	1,546,390
Indian (India)	0	1,347,715
Ukrainian	0	1,258,635
Dutch	0	988,585
Polish	0	982,820
Québécois	205	981,635
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	938,950
Filipino	0	925,490
French Canadian	50	906,315
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	691,260
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15	632,340
Métis	50	560,335
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	551,910
Russian	0	548,140
Norwegian	0	466,500
Welsh	0	455,720
Portuguese	0	448,305
American	0	353,495
Spanish	0	342,040
Swedish	0	334,505
Hungarian	0	320,150
Acadian	15	305,170
Pakistani	0	303,260
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	301,955
Jewish	0	282,015
Punjabi	0	279,950
Vietnamese	0	275,530
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	263,710
Greek	0	262,140
Jamaican	0	249,070
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	226,220
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	219,855
Korean	0	217,650
Romanian	0	215,885
Lebanese	0	210,605
Iranian	0	200,465
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	200,340
Danish	0	196,945
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	50	194,840
Sikh	0	194,640
Austrian	0	189,535
Belgian	0	182,175
Haitian	0	178,990
Hindu	0	166,160
Mexican	0	155,495
Mennonite	0	155,095
Swiss	0	145,570
Finnish	0	144,055
Sri Lankan	0	132,410
Croatian	0	130,820
Japanese	0	129,425
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	120,125
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	35	111,605
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	110,735
Muslim	0	105,620
Egyptian	0	105,245
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	104,765
Tamil	0	102,170
Icelandic	0	101,990
Colombian	0	100,555
Moroccan	0	99,980
Czech	0	98,925
Syrian	0	98,250
Guyanese	0	97,210
Afghan	0	96,810
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	94,585
Serbian	0	93,360
Ojibway	0	92,220
Newfoundlander	0	91,670
Hong Konger	0	81,680
Ontarian	0	80,555
Persian	0	80,340
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	77,405
Turkish	0	76,745
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	76,675
Bangladeshi	0	75,425
Algerian	0	73,770
Brazilian	0	71,755
Nigerian	0	69,540
Armenian	0	68,850
Slovak	0	68,210
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	66,780
Somali	0	65,555
Taiwanese	0	64,020
Iraqi	0	59,300
Salvadorean	0	59,280
African Caribbean	0	59,050
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	58,870
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	58,840
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	57,195
Algonquin	20	56,070
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	52,085
Lithuanian	0	52,040
South African	0	49,840
Australian	0	46,765
Palestinian	0	45,905
Chilean	0	45,685
Congolese	0	45,260
Nova Scotian	0	44,720
Ethiopian	0	42,545
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	42,405
Peruvian	0	42,295
Yoruba	0	42,075
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	41,950
Berber	0	41,700
Albanian	0	41,620
Maltese	0	40,670
Macedonian	0	39,440
Slovenian	0	38,595
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	38,520
New Brunswicker	0	37,670
Gujarati	0	36,970
Eritrean	0	36,290
African Canadian	0	35,395
Israeli	0	35,345
Mohawk	0	33,330
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	33,135
Bulgarian	0	33,085
Albertan	0	32,575
Ghanaian	0	31,720
Barbadian	0	31,440
African American	0	31,430
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	30,565
Tunisian	0	30,465
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	30,220
Cuban	0	30,065
Bosnian	0	28,490
Venezuelan	0	28,395
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	20	28,225
Latvian	0	28,140
Bengali	0	26,675
Cameroonian	0	26,535
Guatemalan	0	26,460
Indonesian	0	26,330
Laotian	0	25,875
Ilocano	0	25,575
Northern Irish	0	25,200
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	24,420
British Columbian	0	24,325
Ecuadorian	0	24,255
Franco Ontarian	0	24,110
Argentinian	0	23,500
Estonian	0	23,455
Kurdish	0	23,130
Fijian	0	23,020
Jatt	0	22,785
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	22,785
Coptic	0	22,570
Thai	0	22,275
Dominican	0	22,125
Nepali	0	21,975
Kabyle	0	20,565
Assyrian	0	19,685
Igbo	0	19,305
Byelorussian	0	18,850
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	18,745
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	18,545
Abenaki	0	18,420
Moldovan	0	18,190
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	17,955
New Zealander	0	17,755
Sudanese	0	17,485
Breton	0	17,465
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	17,315
Malaysian	0	17,050
Plains Cree	0	16,570
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	16,315
Huron (Wendat)	0	15,910
Saskatchewanian	0	15,780
Buddhist	0	15,660
Gaspesian	0	15,650
Norman	0	15,340
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	15,055
Ivorian	0	15,010
Saulteaux	0	14,265
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	14,260
Burundian	0	14,110
Tigrinya	0	13,910
Nicaraguan	0	13,840
Mauritian	0	13,755
Kenyan	0	13,565
Oji-Cree	0	13,525
Vincentian	0	13,245
Jordanian	0	13,225
Manitoban	0	13,095
Cape Bretoner	0	13,065
Rwandan	0	12,890
Grenadian	0	12,890
Malayali	0	12,490
Chaldean	0	12,115
Sinhalese	0	12,080
Mayan	0	11,710
Honduran	0	10,920
Cherokee	0	10,825
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	10,750
Indo-Caribbean	0	10,490
Flemish	0	10,275
United Empire Loyalist	0	10,015
Senegalese	0	9,955
Azerbaijani	0	9,915
Sicilian	0	9,835
Pashtun	0	9,825
Malay	0	9,795
Goan	0	9,700
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	9,455
Tibetan	0	9,350
Zimbabwean	0	9,165
Burmese	0	9,150
Mongolian	0	9,090
Azorean	0	8,970
Atikamekw	0	8,400
Bamileke	0	8,315
Indo-Guyanese	0	8,310
Ugandan	0	8,285
Oromo	0	8,255
Tanzanian	0	8,140
Yemeni	0	8,115
Central African	0	8,080
Libyan	0	7,945
Basque	0	7,745
Uruguayan	0	7,660
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	7,640
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	7,635
Igorot	0	7,535
Fulani	0	7,480
Woodland Cree	0	7,415
Guinean	0	7,390
St. Lucian	0	7,285
Prince Edward Islander	0	7,225
Maliseet	0	7,220
Beninese	0	6,810
Telugu	0	6,670
Roma	0	6,545
Costa Rican	0	6,500
African Nova Scotian	0	6,480
Malagasy	0	6,255
Kashmiri	0	6,165
Singaporean	0	6,060
Karen	0	6,050
Edo	0	5,985
Tajik	0	5,980
Amhara	0	5,945
Paraguayan	0	5,925
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	920	36,328,480
Buddhist	0	356,975
Christian	830	19,373,325
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	25	2,760,760
Anabaptist	0	144,145
Anglican	0	1,134,315
Baptist	0	436,940
Catholic	800	10,880,360
Christian Orthodox	0	623,010
Jehovah's Witness	0	137,255
Latter Day Saints	0	87,725
Lutheran	0	328,045
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	100,655
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	399,025
Presbyterian	0	301,400
Reformed	0	79,870
United Church	0	1,214,185
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	745,650
Hindu	0	828,195
Jewish	0	335,295
Muslim	0	1,775,715
Sikh	0	771,790
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	80,685
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	229,015
No religion and secular perspectives	90	12,577,475
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	915	35,986,480
Non-movers	865	31,600,930
Movers	45	4,385,555
Non-migrants	25	2,572,400
Migrants	20	1,813,155
Internal migrants	20	1,519,200
Intraprovincial migrants	20	1,250,235
Interprovincial migrants	0	268,965
External migrants	0	293,955
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	910	34,504,330
Non-movers	745	21,061,090
Movers	160	13,443,240
Non-migrants	35	5,773,890
Migrants	125	7,669,355
Internal migrants	120	5,976,960
Intraprovincial migrants	120	5,055,615
Interprovincial migrants	0	921,345
External migrants	0	1,692,390
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	840	30,335,920
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	385	5,474,175
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	460	24,861,745
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	495	19,568,265
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	200	2,271,360
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	295	17,296,905
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	840	30,335,915
No certificate, diploma or degree	340	4,899,580
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	195	8,097,295
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	300	17,339,045
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	290	9,252,800
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	205	2,641,555
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	145	1,458,160
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	60	1,183,395
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	75	5,714,490
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	896,755
Bachelor's degree or higher	10	8,086,245
Bachelor's degree	10	5,295,360
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	556,510
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	214,105
Master's degree	0	1,740,605
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	279,660
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	490	19,568,260
No certificate, diploma or degree	165	1,931,855
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	115	4,501,365
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	210	13,135,045
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	195	6,703,100
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	145	1,886,510
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	90	1,050,285
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	50	836,220
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	45	4,193,505
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	623,090
Bachelor's degree or higher	15	6,431,940
Bachelor's degree	10	4,177,455
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	430,875
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	167,730
Master's degree	0	1,446,435
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	209,445
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	840	30,335,920
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	535	12,996,870
Education	10	1,113,015
13. Education	10	1,113,015
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	631,255
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	74,785
50. Visual and performing arts	0	556,470
Humanities	20	926,560
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	106,345
23. English language and literature/letters	0	184,600
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	316,050
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	18,935
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	57,745
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	77,510
54. History	0	108,935
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	56,440
Social and behavioural sciences and law	0	2,016,125
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	29,430
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	233,400
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	344,150
22. Legal professions and studies	0	325,785
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	49,855
42. Psychology	0	327,965
45. Social sciences	0	705,540
Business, management and public administration	60	3,758,250
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	5,335
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	272,240
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	60	3,480,675
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	719,715
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	297,055
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	155,955
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	35,380
40. Physical sciences	0	196,620
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	34,710
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	804,230
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	643,145
25. Library science	0	43,085
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	99,360
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	18,640
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	70	3,506,120
04. Architecture and related services	0	135,020
14. Engineering	0	900,475
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	726,155
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	580
46. Construction trades	30	703,905
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	659,480
48. Precision production	15	380,505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	30	407,545
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	262,580
03. Natural resources and conservation	30	144,960
Health and related fields	40	2,444,500
30.37 Design for human health	0	40
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	180,785
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	2,194,395
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	5,255
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	64,030
Personal, protective and transportation services	65	1,006,425
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	20	548,520
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	3,965
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	6,900
43. Security and protective services	0	227,835
49. Transportation and materials moving	50	219,205
Other¹⁷⁹	0	5,305
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	490	19,568,260
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	285	6,433,215
Education	0	742,175
13. Education	0	742,175
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	490,455
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	54,645
50. Visual and performing arts	0	435,815
Humanities	10	649,695
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	79,235
23. English language and literature/letters	0	134,815
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	216,725
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	12,910
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	41,640
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	48,920
54. History	0	78,415
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	37,045
Social and behavioural sciences and law	0	1,588,720
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	23,895
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	196,475
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	270,970
22. Legal professions and studies	0	261,265
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	37,830
42. Psychology	0	249,205
45. Social sciences	0	549,090
Business, management and public administration	55	2,941,315
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	3,995
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	213,140
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	55	2,724,175
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	513,555
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	227,460
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	108,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	14,270
40. Physical sciences	0	140,510
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	22,960
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	667,305
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	554,185
25. Library science	0	27,610
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	70,940
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	14,565
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	30	2,611,205
04. Architecture and related services	0	105,845
14. Engineering	0	724,235
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	536,600
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	510
46. Construction trades	15	510,105
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	467,225
48. Precision production	15	266,690
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	30	314,120
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	199,335
03. Natural resources and conservation	30	114,780
Health and related fields	25	1,839,975
30.37 Design for human health	0	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	139,280
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	1,648,120
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	4,430
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	48,115
Personal, protective and transportation services	60	772,450
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	414,520
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	2,955
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	3,850
43. Security and protective services	0	183,025
49. Transportation and materials moving	45	168,105
Other¹⁷⁹	0	4,075
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	490	19,568,260
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	285	6,433,215
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	205	13,135,040
Location of study inside Canada	205	10,490,520
Same as province or territory of residence	205	9,251,025
Different than province or territory of residence	0	1,239,495
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	0	2,644,520
Americas	0	483,810
United States of America	0	279,005
Mexico	0	36,400
Cuba	0	8,345
Haiti	0	10,620
Jamaica	0	12,780
Brazil	0	40,050
Colombia	0	31,165
Peru	0	7,780
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	12,655
Other locations of study in Americas	0	45,000
Europe	0	543,725
Belgium	0	7,795
France	0	97,770
Germany	0	22,450
Netherlands	0	10,825
Switzerland	0	8,470
Hungary	0	5,160
Moldova¹⁸³	0	9,055
Poland	0	25,215
Romania	0	32,250
Russian Federation	0	36,095
Ukraine	0	36,405
Ireland⁹⁶	0	16,040
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	151,900
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	6,030
Italy	0	8,895
Serbia⁸⁶	0	8,745
Other locations of study in Europe	0	60,615
Africa	0	216,815
Nigeria	0	33,280
Algeria	0	33,230
Morocco	0	23,640
Tunisia	0	12,655
Egypt	0	30,255
South Africa, Republic of	0	19,060
Other locations of study in Africa	0	64,700
Asia	0	1,352,215
Iran⁸⁸	0	66,630
Iraq	0	16,515
Israel	0	11,355
Lebanon	0	19,565
Syria⁸⁹	0	16,405
Turkey	0	11,855
China⁹⁰	0	201,100
Taiwan	0	14,520
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	18,325
Japan	0	18,605
Korea, South⁹²	0	53,575
Philippines	0	305,795
Viet Nam	0	12,500
Bangladesh	0	25,000
Sri Lanka	0	15,085
India	0	405,850
Pakistan	0	75,155
Other locations of study in Asia	0	64,385
Oceania	0	47,960
Australia	0	38,525
New Zealand	0	7,785
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	1,655
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	840	30,335,915
In the labour force	360	19,310,345
Employed	315	17,321,695
Unemployed	40	1,988,645
Not in the labour force	480	11,025,575
Participation rate	42.9	63.7
Employment rate	37.5	57.1
Unemployment rate	11.1	10.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	840	30,335,920
Did not work¹⁸⁶	440	11,140,775
Worked	400	19,195,145
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	140	10,215,385
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	265	8,979,760
Average weeks worked in reference year	37.0	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	355	19,310,340
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	486,865
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	350	18,823,480
Employee	325	16,103,455
Permanent position	230	13,431,685
Temporary position	90	2,671,765
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	867,740
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	85	1,804,030
Self-employed¹⁹²	30	2,720,025
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	355	19,310,340
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	486,865
All occupations¹⁹¹	350	18,823,480
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	254,760
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	35	3,303,180
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10	1,587,980
3 Health occupations	20	1,504,100
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	20	2,322,345
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	596,785
6 Sales and service occupations	70	4,616,050
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	125	3,239,500
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	30	541,235
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	30	857,540
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	355	19,310,340
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	486,865
All industries¹⁹¹	350	18,823,480
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	30	434,800
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	239,030
22 Utilities	15	147,750
23 Construction	80	1,469,085
31-33 Manufacturing	15	1,540,490
41 Wholesale trade	10	610,295
44-45 Retail trade	20	2,149,640
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	25	981,030
51 Information and cultural industries	0	400,460
52 Finance and insurance	0	815,225
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	343,940
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	0	1,571,160
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	45,455
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	792,600
61 Educational services	0	1,413,320
62 Health care and social assistance	50	2,446,370
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	350,710
72 Accommodation and food services	30	1,085,270
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	797,935
91 Public administration	25	1,188,915
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	420	20,630,520
English	0	14,942,170
French	400	3,164,890
Non-official language	0	169,205
Indigenous³⁹	0	6,935
Non-Indigenous	0	162,265
English and French	20	1,682,510
English and non-official language(s)	0	570,220
French and non-official language(s)	0	20,935
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	69,340
Multiple non-official languages	0	11,265
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	420	20,630,520
Single responses	420	20,176,640
Official languages	420	19,866,180
English	0	15,879,850
French	420	3,986,330
Non-official languages	0	310,455
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	19,435
Algonquian languages	0	11,600
Blackfoot	0	60
Cree-Innu languages	0	9,115
Atikamekw	0	1,015
Cree languages	0	5,985
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	110
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	765
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	80
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	190
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	140
Cree, n.o.s.	0	4,695
Innu (Montagnais)	0	1,955
Naskapi	0	155
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	835
Mi'kmaq	0	825
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	1,585
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	20
Oji-Cree	0	875
Ojibway languages	0	695
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	40
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	40
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	610
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	895
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	890
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	20
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	535
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	155
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	35
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	25
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	100
Tahltan languages	0	10
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	130
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	30
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	6,630
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	20
Inuinnaqtun	0	15
Inuvialuktun	0	10
Inuktitut	0	6,605
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	30
Mohawk	0	30
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	10
Michif	0	25
Salish languages	0	125
Halkomelem	0	35
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	30
Squamish	0	10
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	20
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Siouan languages	0	30
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	10
Stoney	0	15
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	40
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	20
Nisga'a	0	10
Tsimshian	0	15
Wakashan languages	0	40
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	10
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	10
Non-Indigenous languages	0	291,025
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	9,265
Berber languages	0	45
Kabyle	0	30
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	10
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	415
Bilen	0	10
Oromo	0	40
Somali	0	365
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	0	8,785
Amharic	0	215
Arabic	0	7,190
Aramaic languages	0	460
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	330
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	90
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	40
Hebrew	0	585
Tigrigna	0	325
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	9,770
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	495
Vietnamese	0	9,260
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Austronesian languages	0	4,760
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	45
Cebuano	0	95
Hiligaynon	0	15
Ilocano	0	165
Indonesian	0	170
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	15
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	4,205
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	50
Creole languages	0	390
Haitian Creole	0	375
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Dravidian languages	0	3,010
Kannada	0	10
Malayalam	0	250
Tamil	0	2,685
Telugu	0	70
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	80
Indo-European languages	0	112,395
Albanian	0	315
Armenian	0	530
Balto-Slavic languages	0	10,085
Baltic languages	0	95
Latvian	0	50
Lithuanian	0	45
Slavic languages	0	9,995
Bulgarian	0	145
Czech	0	105
Macedonian	0	75
Polish	0	2,265
Russian	0	5,240
Serbo-Croatian	0	835
Bosnian	0	120
Croatian	0	155
Serbian	0	555
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	10
Ukrainian	0	1,265
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Celtic languages	0	60
Scottish Gaelic	0	55
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	0	14,250
Frisian	0	15
High German languages	0	10,480
German	0	6,615
Pennsylvania German	0	2,560
Swiss German	0	255
Yiddish	0	1,050
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	3,540
Afrikaans	0	65
Dutch	0	965
Low German, n.o.s.	0	560
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	1,940
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	10
Scandinavian languages	0	190
Danish	0	25
Icelandic	0	25
Norwegian	0	55
Swedish	0	90
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Greek	0	875
Indo-Iranian languages	0	55,455
Indo-Aryan languages	0	48,020
Bengali	0	645
Gujarati	0	1,115
Hindi	0	2,235
Kacchi	0	15
Marathi	0	20
Nepali	0	275
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	40,840
Sindhi	0	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	105
Urdu	0	2,725
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Iranian languages	0	7,430
Kurdish	0	175
Pashto	0	130
Persian languages	0	7,110
Dari	0	800
Iranian Persian	0	5,715
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	595
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	0	30,795
Catalan	0	15
Italian	0	1,625
Portuguese	0	6,970
Romanian	0	680
Spanish	0	21,455
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	45
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Japanese	0	3,560
Korean	0	14,345
Mongolian	0	25
Niger-Congo languages	0	410
Akan (Twi)	0	30
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	25
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	0	30
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	20
Lingala	0	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	25
Shona	0	0
Swahili	0	150
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	65
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	15
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Sign languages	0	2,010
American Sign Language	0	1,590
Quebec Sign Language	0	285
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	128,375
Chinese languages	0	128,045
Hakka	0	45
Mandarin	0	76,040
Min Dong	0	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	485
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	20
Yue (Cantonese)	0	50,950
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	460
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	295
Burmese	0	60
Karenic languages	0	135
S'gaw Karen	0	120
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Tibetan	0	90
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	30
Tai-Kadai languages	0	765
Lao	0	80
Thai	0	670
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Turkic languages	0	1,345
Azerbaijani	0	35
Turkish	0	1,270
Uyghur	0	30
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Uralic languages	0	485
Estonian	0	70
Finnish	0	90
Hungarian	0	330
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Multiple responses	0	453,880
English and French	0	321,975
English and non-official language(s)	0	115,955
French and non-official language(s)	0	6,280
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	7,405
Multiple non-official languages	0	2,265
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	420	20,630,520
None	400	18,696,980
English	20	902,625
French	0	589,755
Non-official language	0	331,375
Indigenous³⁹	0	18,190
Non-Indigenous	0	313,185
English and French	0	2,940
English and non-official language(s)	0	33,125
French and non-official language(s)	0	22,615
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	360
Multiple non-official languages	0	50,740
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	315	17,321,700
Worked at home	35	4,214,860
Worked outside Canada	0	58,335
No fixed workplace address	95	2,201,745
Usual place of work	190	10,846,770
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	190	10,846,770
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	55	6,397,120
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	105	2,343,640
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	25	2,007,950
Commute to a different province or territory	0	98,060
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	280	13,048,510
Car, truck or van	265	10,950,750
Car, truck or van - as a driver	260	10,106,595
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	844,155
Public transit	0	1,000,510
Walked	10	672,815
Bicycle	0	138,615
Other method	0	285,820
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	280	13,048,510
Less than 15 minutes	75	4,178,570
15 to 29 minutes	150	4,546,195
30 to 44 minutes	30	2,487,010
45 to 59 minutes	0	910,610
60 minutes and over	30	926,120
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	280	13,048,510
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	938,820
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	50	2,274,845
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	95	3,435,740
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	75	2,711,355
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	0	1,661,340
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	50	2,026,405
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	85	7,335,800
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	897,205
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	85	6,438,595
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	80	5,372,330
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	682,190
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	467,685
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	214,500
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80	4,690,140

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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