Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Baie-Comeau, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	20,687
Population, 2016¹	21,536
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 3.9
Total private dwellings²	10,163
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	9,554
Population density per square kilometre	61.8
Land area in square kilometres	334.83
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	20,690
0 to 14 years	2,970
0 to 4 years	845
5 to 9 years	1,070
10 to 14 years	1,060
15 to 64 years	13,020
15 to 19 years	1,020
20 to 24 years	1,010
25 to 29 years	1,030
30 to 34 years	1,100
35 to 39 years	1,145
40 to 44 years	1,235
45 to 49 years	1,190
50 to 54 years	1,405
55 to 59 years	1,915
60 to 64 years	1,970
65 years and over	4,700
65 to 69 years	1,435
70 to 74 years	1,150
75 to 79 years	1,010
80 to 84 years	580
85 years and over	515
85 to 89 years	370
90 to 94 years	115
95 to 99 years	30
100 years and over	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4
15 to 64 years	62.9
65 years and over	22.7
85 years and over	2.5
Average age of the population	45.4
Median age of the population	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	9,555
Single-detached house	4,940
Semi-detached house	650
Row house	290
Apartment or flat in a duplex	320
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,170
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	100
Other single-attached house	25
Movable dwelling⁴	1,055
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	9,555
1 person	3,515
2 persons	3,635
3 persons	1,140
4 persons	915
5 or more persons	350
Number of persons in private households	19,795
Average household size	2.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	17,715
Married or living common-law	10,200
Married	4,760
Living common-law	5,435
Living common law - Never married	4,570
Living common law - Separated	35
Living common law - Divorced	750
Living common law - Widowed	80
Not married and not living common-law	7,520
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,255
Not married and not living common law - Separated	135
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,155
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	980
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,865
2 persons	3,590
3 persons	1,090
4 persons	875
5 or more persons	310
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,870
Total couple families	5,010
Married couples	2,295
With children⁶	590
Without children	1,705
Common-law couples	2,715
With children⁶	1,340
Without children	1,380
Total one-parent families	855
in which the parent is a woman+	605
in which the parent is a man+	250
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,800
Total - Persons in census families	15,605
Married spouses or common-law partners	10,020
Parents in one-parent families	860
Children⁶	4,725
In a two-parent family	3,425
In a one-parent family	1,300
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,195
Living alone	3,515
Living with other relatives⁷	250
Living with non-relatives only	420
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	9,555
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,675
Couple-family households	4,875
With children⁶	1,880
Without children	3,000
One-parent-family households	800
Multigenerational households⁸	50
Multiple-census-family households⁹	15
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	105
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	195
One-person households	3,515
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	16,825
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,595
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,595
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,190
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,800
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,200
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,170
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,625
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	16,845
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,600
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,190
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,800
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,445
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,070
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,255
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,680
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,270
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	16,845
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,840
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,445
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	16,830
Without total income	235
With total income	16,595
Under $10,000 (including loss)	975
$10,000 to $19,999	1,795
$20,000 to $29,999	2,335
$30,000 to $39,999	2,095
$40,000 to $49,999	2,115
$50,000 to $59,999	1,835
$60,000 to $69,999	1,255
$70,000 to $79,999	900
$80,000 to $89,999	785
$90,000 to $99,999	640
$100,000 and over	1,865
$100,000 to $149,999	1,515
$150,000 and over	350
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	16,830
Without after-tax income	235
With after-tax income	16,595
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,070
$10,000 to $19,999	1,905
$20,000 to $29,999	2,775
$30,000 to $39,999	2,760
$40,000 to $49,999	2,520
$50,000 to $59,999	1,735
$60,000 to $69,999	1,205
$70,000 to $79,999	985
$80,000 to $89,999	730
$90,000 to $99,999	380
$100,000 and over	525
$100,000 to $124,999	355
$125,000 and over	170
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	16,830
Without employment income	5,030
With employment income	11,800
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,500
$5,000 to $9,999	855
$10,000 to $19,999	1,225
$20,000 to $29,999	1,060
$30,000 to $39,999	1,120
$40,000 to $49,999	1,135
$50,000 to $59,999	985
$60,000 to $69,999	680
$70,000 to $79,999	600
$80,000 to $89,999	615
$90,000 to $99,999	505
$100,000 and over	1,520
$100,000 to $124,999	900
$125,000 and over	620
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	16,825
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,390
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,415
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,965
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,865
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,055
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,175
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	16,845
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,405
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,550
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,435
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,025
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,855
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,250
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,265
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	16,845
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,825
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,240
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4
Employment income (%)	69.8
Government transfers (%)	14.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	9,555
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,515
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,040
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	9,555
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,900
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,300
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,500
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,680
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,055
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,900
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,700
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	9,555
Under $5,000	30
$5,000 to $9,999	45
$10,000 to $14,999	125
$15,000 to $19,999	170
$20,000 to $24,999	520
$25,000 to $29,999	355
$30,000 to $34,999	320
$35,000 to $39,999	420
$40,000 to $44,999	450
$45,000 to $49,999	435
$50,000 to $59,999	775
$60,000 to $69,999	755
$70,000 to $79,999	615
$80,000 to $89,999	505
$90,000 to $99,999	510
$100,000 and over	3,515
$100,000 to $124,999	1,115
$125,000 to $149,999	815
$150,000 to $199,999	940
$200,000 and over	650
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	9,555
Under $5,000	35
$5,000 to $9,999	50
$10,000 to $14,999	130
$15,000 to $19,999	190
$20,000 to $24,999	560
$25,000 to $29,999	445
$30,000 to $34,999	440
$35,000 to $39,999	525
$40,000 to $44,999	545
$45,000 to $49,999	490
$50,000 to $59,999	965
$60,000 to $69,999	790
$70,000 to $79,999	725
$80,000 to $89,999	635
$90,000 to $99,999	525
$100,000 and over	2,500
$100,000 to $124,999	1,100
$125,000 to $149,999	645
$150,000 and over	755
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,890
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000
Average family size of economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,015
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,930
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	850
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,935
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,885
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,500
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,980
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,600
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,700
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,920
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	161,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	865
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,800
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,600
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,925
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,795
0 to 17 years	3,550
0 to 5 years	1,040
18 to 64 years	11,995
65 years and over	4,255
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,790
0 to 17 years	275
0 to 5 years	80
18 to 64 years	855
65 years and over	660
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	7.7
18 to 64 years (%)	7.1
65 years and over (%)	15.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	19,800
0 to 17 years	3,550
0 to 5 years	1,045
18 to 64 years	11,990
65 years and over	4,250
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	460
0 to 17 years	45
0 to 5 years	15
18 to 64 years	375
65 years and over	40
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	1.3
0 to 5 years (%)	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.1
65 years and over (%)	0.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,795
In bottom half of the distribution	9,575
In bottom decile	1,480
In second decile	1,835
In third decile	2,130
In fourth decile	2,110
In fifth decile	2,025
In top half of the distribution	10,220
In sixth decile	2,170
In seventh decile	2,235
In eighth decile	2,300
In ninth decile	2,215
In top decile	1,300
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,800
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.291
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.400
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.252
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	20,460
English only	15
French only	16,045
English and French	4,385
Neither English nor French	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	20,460
English	165
French	20,250
English and French	40
Neither English nor French	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	20,460
Single responses	20,330
Official languages	20,130
English	150
French	19,980
Non-official languages	205
Indigenous languages³⁹	20
Algonquian languages	20
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	20
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	20
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	180
Afro-Asiatic languages	35
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	30
Amharic	0
Arabic	30
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	20
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	5
Merina	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	5
Haitian Creole	5
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	75
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	10
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	5
Frisian	0
High German languages	5
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5
Indo-Aryan languages	5
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60
Catalan	0
Italian	10
Portuguese	0
Romanian	10
Spanish	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	25
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	5
Edo	0
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	5
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10
Chinese languages	10
Hakka	0
Mandarin	5
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	130
English and French	90
English and non-official language(s)	5
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	20,460
English	55
French	19,825
Non-official language	30
Indigenous³⁹	5
Non-Indigenous	25
English and French	345
English and non-official language(s)	10
French and non-official language(s)	140
English, French and non-official language(s)	45
Multiple non-official languages	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	20,460
Single responses	20,345
Official languages	20,295
English	95
French	20,200
Non-official languages	50
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	5
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	5
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	15
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	10
Amharic	0
Arabic	10
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	20
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	10
Spanish	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5
Chinese languages	5
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	110
English and French	50
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	20,460
None	20,000
English	275
French	50
Non-official language	100
Indigenous³⁹	20
Non-Indigenous	75
English and French	5
English and non-official language(s)	15
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	19,800
Official languages	19,800
English	4,365
French	19,785
Non-official languages	515
Indigenous languages³⁹	40
Algonquian languages	40
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	40
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	40
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	480
Afro-Asiatic languages	15
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	315
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	25
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	35
Frisian	0
High German languages	35
German	30
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	285
Catalan	0
Italian	35
Portuguese	20
Romanian	30
Spanish	230
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	55
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	20
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	25
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	15
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,795
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	790
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	750
First Nations (North American Indian)	385
Métis	355
Inuk (Inuit)	10
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30
Non-Indigenous identity	19,005
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,795
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	245
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	19,560
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	9,555
Owner	6,555
Renter	3,000
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	9,555
Condominium	520
Not condominium	9,035
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	9,555
No bedrooms	65
1 bedroom	1,275
2 bedrooms	2,390
3 bedrooms	3,270
4 or more bedrooms	2,560
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	9,555
1 to 4 rooms	2,730
5 rooms	1,600
6 rooms	1,000
7 rooms	1,175
8 or more rooms	3,060
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	9,555
One person or fewer per room	9,520
More than one person per room	35
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	9,555
Suitable	9,475
Not suitable	80
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	9,555
1960 or before	2,280
1961 to 1980	5,230
1981 to 1990	940
1991 to 2000	720
2001 to 2005	75
2006 to 2010	160
2011 to 2015	75
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	80
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	9,555
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	9,000
Major repairs needed	555
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	9,555
One-maintainer household	5,715
Two-maintainer household	3,720
Three-or-more-maintainer household	115
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	9,555
15 to 24 years	360
25 to 34 years	1,135
35 to 44 years	1,395
45 to 54 years	1,535
55 to 64 years	2,290
65 to 74 years	1,610
75 to 84 years	900
85 years and over	335
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	9,545
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	8,705
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	840
30% to less than 100%	805
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	9,555
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,410
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	785
Not suitable only	70
Major repairs needed only	495
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	55
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	8,140
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	9,510
In core need	240
Not in core need	9,270
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,550
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.7
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	4.8
% in core housing need⁶³	0.8
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	958
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	160,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	172,800
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,000
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.7
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.7
% in core housing need⁶³	6.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	628
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	643
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	19,795
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	830
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	820
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	625
Métis single ancestry	180
Inuit single ancestry	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	555
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	550
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	500
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	18,405
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	19,795
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	19,580
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,530
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	16,045
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	215
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	19,795
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	19,390
Immigrants⁸¹	270
Before 1980	45
1980 to 1990	10
1991 to 2000	25
2001 to 2010	90
2011 to 2021⁸²	105
2011 to 2015	60
2016 to 2021	40
Non-permanent residents⁸³	140
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	270
Under 5 years	30
5 to 14 years	50
15 to 24 years	30
25 to 44 years	155
45 years and over	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	270
Americas	25
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
El Salvador	0
Guyana	0
Haiti	10
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0
United States of America	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10
Europe	105
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	0
France	50
Germany	0
Greece	0
Hungary	0
Italy	10
Netherlands	0
Poland	0
Portugal	0
Romania	15
Russian Federation	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0
Other places of birth in Europe	25
Africa	120
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	15
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other places of birth in Africa	90
Asia	25
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Taiwan	0
Philippines	0
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
India	0
Pakistan	0
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	40
Americas	10
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	15
France	15
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0
Africa	0
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	0
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	0
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	19,795
First generation¹⁰⁰	460
Second generation¹⁰¹	275
Third generation or more¹⁰²	19,065
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	225
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	115
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	65
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	50
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	85
Refugees¹⁰⁸	20
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	225
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	35
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	45
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	140
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	19,795
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	345
South Asian	15
Chinese	30
Black	205
Filipino	10
Arab	0
Latin American	35
Southeast Asian	20
West Asian	0
Korean	10
Japanese	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0
Multiple visible minorities	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	19,450
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	19,800
Canadian	7,310
English	195
Irish	685
Scottish	305
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,075
German	140
Chinese	25
Italian	155
Indian (India)	0
Ukrainian	0
Dutch	10
Polish	10
Québécois	3,625
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	15
Filipino	10
French Canadian	2,225
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	615
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	560
Métis	240
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	120
Russian	0
Norwegian	20
Welsh	0
Portuguese	0
American	50
Spanish	10
Swedish	10
Hungarian	0
Acadian	435
Pakistani	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	30
Jewish	0
Punjabi	0
Vietnamese	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25
Greek	0
Jamaican	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0
Korean	0
Romanian	10
Lebanese	0
Iranian	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	325
Danish	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	100
Sikh	0
Austrian	0
Belgian	20
Haitian	15
Hindu	0
Mexican	0
Mennonite	0
Swiss	65
Finnish	0
Sri Lankan	0
Croatian	0
Japanese	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	95
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0
Muslim	0
Egyptian	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0
Tamil	0
Icelandic	0
Colombian	0
Moroccan	0
Czech	0
Syrian	0
Guyanese	0
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0
Serbian	0
Ojibway	0
Newfoundlander	0
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	0
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0
Turkish	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	0
Nigerian	0
Armenian	0
Slovak	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0
Algonquin	55
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	0
South African	0
Australian	0
Palestinian	0
Chilean	0
Congolese	15
Nova Scotian	10
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	0
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0
New Brunswicker	65
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	30
Israeli	0
Mohawk	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0
Bulgarian	0
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	0
African American	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0
Cuban	0
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	310
Latvian	0
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	0
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	0
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	0
Sudanese	0
Breton	40
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	20
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	90
Norman	60
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	30
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	10
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	30
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	25
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	19,795
Buddhist	15
Christian	15,265
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,210
Anabaptist	0
Anglican	30
Baptist	40
Catholic	13,780
Christian Orthodox	30
Jehovah's Witness	60
Latter Day Saints	0
Lutheran	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0
Presbyterian	0
Reformed	0
United Church	10
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	70
Hindu	0
Jewish	0
Muslim	30
Sikh	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	30
No religion and secular perspectives	4,455
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	19,605
Non-movers	17,695
Movers	1,915
Non-migrants	1,460
Migrants	455
Internal migrants	440
Intraprovincial migrants	435
Interprovincial migrants	0
External migrants	15
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	18,915
Non-movers	13,225
Movers	5,695
Non-migrants	3,415
Migrants	2,275
Internal migrants	2,150
Intraprovincial migrants	2,130
Interprovincial migrants	20
External migrants	120
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,845
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,875
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,970
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,620
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,645
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,970
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,845
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,390
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,525
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,930
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,635
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,530
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,490
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,045
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,615
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	490
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,295
Bachelor's degree	1,765
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	135
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	90
Master's degree	250
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,615
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,320
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,730
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,570
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,665
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,675
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,870
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	800
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,660
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	335
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,905
Bachelor's degree	1,425
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	120
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	70
Master's degree	230
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,920
Education	910
13. Education	910
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	130
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40
50. Visual and performing arts	95
Humanities	340
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15
23. English language and literature/letters	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	220
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	35
54. History	25
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	560
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	160
22. Legal professions and studies	100
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10
42. Psychology	145
45. Social sciences	95
Business, management and public administration	1,900
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	150
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,750
Physical and life sciences and technologies	215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	70
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55
40. Physical sciences	65
41. Science technologies/technicians	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	150
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	110
25. Library science	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,070
04. Architecture and related services	55
14. Engineering	240
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	635
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	745
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	855
48. Precision production	540
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	395
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	340
Health and related fields	1,425
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	100
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,290
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35
Personal, protective and transportation services	825
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	360
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	185
49. Transportation and materials moving	275
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,620
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,045
Education	660
13. Education	660
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	100
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15
50. Visual and performing arts	85
Humanities	205
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15
23. English language and literature/letters	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	120
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	35
54. History	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	450
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	135
22. Legal professions and studies	70
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0
42. Psychology	120
45. Social sciences	75
Business, management and public administration	1,550
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	130
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	140
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	70
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	110
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	90
25. Library science	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,310
04. Architecture and related services	45
14. Engineering	200
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	485
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	580
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	640
48. Precision production	360
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	270
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	240
Health and related fields	1,065
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	60
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	980
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	710
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	300
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	150
49. Transportation and materials moving	250
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,620
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,045
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,570
Location of study inside Canada	7,455
Same as province or territory of residence	7,390
Different than province or territory of residence	70
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	115
Americas	20
United States of America	10
Mexico	0
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0
Europe	60
Belgium	0
France	50
Germany	0
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0
Africa	20
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other locations of study in Africa	20
Asia	10
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	0
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Philippines	0
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	0
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0
Oceania	0
Australia	0
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	16,845
In the labour force	10,305
Employed	9,735
Unemployed	565
Not in the labour force	6,540
Participation rate	61.2
Employment rate	57.8
Unemployment rate	5.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	16,845
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,310
Worked	10,535
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,990
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,545
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,300
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	165
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	10,140
Employee	9,405
Permanent position	7,670
Temporary position	1,735
Fixed term (1 year or more)	525
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,210
Self-employed¹⁹²	735
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,300
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	165
All occupations¹⁹¹	10,140
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	110
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,430
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	690
3 Health occupations	1,035
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,505
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	145
6 Sales and service occupations	2,525
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,005
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	130
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	560
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,300
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	165
All industries¹⁹¹	10,140
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	115
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	80
22 Utilities	620
23 Construction	610
31-33 Manufacturing	1,095
41 Wholesale trade	185
44-45 Retail trade	1,285
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	380
51 Information and cultural industries	95
52 Finance and insurance	195
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	110
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	420
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	290
61 Educational services	870
62 Health care and social assistance	2,105
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	125
72 Accommodation and food services	490
81 Other services (except public administration)	440
91 Public administration	625
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	11,105
English	35
French	10,520
Non-official language	0
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	0
English and French	535
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	11,105
Single responses	11,060
Official languages	11,050
English	75
French	10,975
Non-official languages	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	0
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	50
English and French	50
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	11,105
None	10,610
English	445
French	45
Non-official language	0
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	0
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,735
Worked at home	980
Worked outside Canada	0
No fixed workplace address	890
Usual place of work	7,865
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,870
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,185
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	230
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	445
Commute to a different province or territory	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	8,755
Car, truck or van	8,155
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,760
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	400
Public transit	75
Walked	390
Bicycle	35
Other method	100
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	8,755
Less than 15 minutes	5,760
15 to 29 minutes	2,445
30 to 44 minutes	320
45 to 59 minutes	65
60 minutes and over	165
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	8,755
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	305
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,475
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,460
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,885
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	535
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,090
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,625
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	250
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,380
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,705
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	145
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	50
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,515

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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