Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Russell, Township (TP)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	19,598	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	16,520	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	18.6	...	...	18.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	7,335	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,226	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	98.6	...	...	98.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	198.78	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	19,595	9,670	9,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	3,855	1,960	1,895	19.7	20.3	19.1
0 to 4 years	1,225	620	605	6.3	6.4	6.1
5 to 9 years	1,305	645	660	6.7	6.7	6.6
10 to 14 years	1,330	695	630	6.8	7.2	6.3
15 to 64 years	12,930	6,400	6,530	66.0	66.2	65.8
15 to 19 years	1,190	625	565	6.1	6.5	5.7
20 to 24 years	880	450	435	4.5	4.7	4.4
25 to 29 years	1,060	535	525	5.4	5.5	5.3
30 to 34 years	1,390	660	730	7.1	6.8	7.4
35 to 39 years	1,495	735	760	7.6	7.6	7.7
40 to 44 years	1,340	675	665	6.8	7.0	6.7
45 to 49 years	1,295	615	675	6.6	6.4	6.8
50 to 54 years	1,320	630	690	6.7	6.5	6.9
55 to 59 years	1,580	805	770	8.1	8.3	7.8
60 to 64 years	1,390	670	720	7.1	6.9	7.3
65 years and over	2,810	1,305	1,500	14.3	13.5	15.1
65 to 69 years	1,090	500	590	5.6	5.2	5.9
70 to 74 years	770	390	380	3.9	4.0	3.8
75 to 79 years	445	220	225	2.3	2.3	2.3
80 to 84 years	265	120	140	1.4	1.2	1.4
85 years and over	245	75	165	1.3	0.8	1.7
85 to 89 years	155	60	95	0.8	0.6	1.0
90 to 94 years	75	20	55	0.4	0.2	0.6
95 to 99 years	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.7	20.3	19.1	19.7	20.3	19.1
15 to 64 years	66.0	66.2	65.8	66.0	66.2	65.8
65 years and over	14.3	13.5	15.1	14.3	13.5	15.1
85 years and over	1.3	0.8	1.7	1.3	0.8	1.7
Average age of the population	39.4	38.8	40.0	39.4	38.8	40.0
Median age of the population	39.6	39.2	40.4	39.6	39.2	40.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	5,705	...	...	79.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	500	...	...	6.9	...	...
Row house	125	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	145	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	715	...	...	9.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,265	...	...	17.5	...	...
2 persons	2,670	...	...	37.0	...	...
3 persons	1,265	...	...	17.5	...	...
4 persons	1,345	...	...	18.6	...	...
5 or more persons	670	...	...	9.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	19,440	9,630	9,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,740	7,710	8,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	10,705	5,330	5,370	68.0	69.1	66.9
Married	8,510	4,245	4,260	54.1	55.1	53.1
Living common-law	2,195	1,085	1,105	13.9	14.1	13.8
Living common law - Never married	1,510	750	755	9.6	9.7	9.4
Living common law - Separated	105	50	60	0.7	0.6	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	510	260	250	3.2	3.4	3.1
Living common law - Widowed	65	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	5,040	2,375	2,660	32.0	30.8	33.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,435	1,840	1,595	21.8	23.9	19.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	400	165	235	2.5	2.1	2.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	620	245	375	3.9	3.2	4.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	590	135	455	3.7	1.8	5.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	2,870	...	...	48.2	...	...
3 persons	1,250	...	...	21.0	...	...
4 persons	1,315	...	...	22.1	...	...
5 or more persons	530	...	...	8.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	5,305	...	...	89.1	...	...
Married couples	4,215	...	...	70.8	...	...
With children⁶	2,345	...	...	39.4	...	...
Without children	1,870	...	...	31.4	...	...
Common-law couples	1,090	...	...	18.3	...	...
With children⁶	470	...	...	7.9	...	...
Without children	625	...	...	10.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	650	...	...	10.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	470	...	...	7.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	180	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,440	9,630	9,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	17,525	8,760	8,760	90.1	91.0	89.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	10,610	5,290	5,325	54.6	54.9	54.3
Parents in one-parent families	655	180	475	3.4	1.9	4.8
Children⁶	6,265	3,295	2,970	32.2	34.2	30.3
In a two-parent family	5,240	2,740	2,500	27.0	28.5	25.5
In a one-parent family	1,030	560	465	5.3	5.8	4.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,915	865	1,045	9.9	9.0	10.7
Living alone	1,265	545	715	6.5	5.7	7.3
Living with other relatives⁷	320	135	185	1.6	1.4	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	330	180	145	1.7	1.9	1.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,405	...	...	74.8	...	...
Couple-family households	4,900	...	...	67.8	...	...
With children⁶	2,615	...	...	36.2	...	...
Without children	2,280	...	...	31.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	505	...	...	7.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	180	...	...	2.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	40	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	210	...	...	2.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	130	...	...	1.8	...	...
One-person households	1,260	...	...	17.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,585	7,670	7,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,090	7,415	7,675	96.8	96.7	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,600	65,500	51,200	57,600	65,500	51,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,095	7,420	7,680	96.9	96.7	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,600	55,200	44,800	49,600	55,200	44,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,265	7,110	7,155	91.5	92.7	90.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,200	62,400	44,800	53,200	62,400	44,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,115	6,210	5,900	77.7	81.0	74.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,800	62,800	47,200	54,800	62,800	47,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,010	6,265	6,750	83.5	81.7	85.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	3,000	7,750	5,720	3,000	7,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,195	505	690	7.7	6.6	8.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	5,680	6,800	6,280	5,680	6,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,095	1,485	1,610	19.9	19.4	20.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	8,000	7,000	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,585	7,675	7,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,075	7,380	7,690	96.7	96.2	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	63,350	72,100	55,000	63,350	72,100	55,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,080	7,390	7,700	96.8	96.3	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,250	58,000	46,760	52,250	58,000	46,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,195	7,105	7,090	91.1	92.6	89.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,300	68,500	50,160	59,300	68,500	50,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,115	6,220	5,890	77.7	81.0	74.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,600	65,500	51,300	58,600	65,500	51,300
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,145	6,330	6,815	84.3	82.5	86.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,600	7,210	9,880	8,600	7,210	9,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,175	460	715	7.5	6.0	9.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	5,860	10,240	8,500	5,860	10,240
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,095	1,480	1,620	19.9	19.3	20.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,560	6,940	8,120	7,560	6,940	8,120
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,585	7,675	7,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,130	3,960	3,170	45.7	51.6	40.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,000	81,000	71,500	76,000	81,000	71,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,800	85,300	75,200	80,800	85,300	75,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,645	1,675	1,975	23.4	21.8	25.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	21,000	18,200	19,200	21,000	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,000	33,880	26,680	30,000	33,880	26,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	88.2	91.4	84.0	88.2	91.4	84.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	74.4	76.6	71.4	74.4	76.6	71.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	11.8	8.6	15.9	11.8	8.6	15.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.5	1.7	1.1	0.5	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.9	2.2	3.9	2.9	2.2	3.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.5	1.9	3.1	2.5	1.9	3.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,585	7,675	7,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	500	260	235	3.2	3.4	3.0
With total income	15,085	7,415	7,670	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	935	400	540	6.2	5.4	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	1,295	505	795	8.6	6.8	10.4
$20,000 to $29,999	1,460	640	825	9.7	8.6	10.8
$30,000 to $39,999	1,340	565	775	8.9	7.6	10.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,440	635	805	9.5	8.6	10.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,435	590	845	9.5	8.0	11.0
$60,000 to $69,999	1,410	705	705	9.3	9.5	9.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,225	625	605	8.1	8.4	7.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,065	600	460	7.1	8.1	6.0
$90,000 to $99,999	910	510	400	6.0	6.9	5.2
$100,000 and over	2,565	1,645	925	17.0	22.2	12.1
$100,000 to $149,999	2,030	1,235	800	13.5	16.7	10.4
$150,000 and over	535	410	125	3.5	5.5	1.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,585	7,675	7,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	485	255	230	3.1	3.3	2.9
With after-tax income	15,100	7,420	7,680	96.9	96.7	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,040	425	610	6.9	5.7	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	1,350	530	820	8.9	7.1	10.7
$20,000 to $29,999	1,685	730	955	11.2	9.8	12.4
$30,000 to $39,999	1,710	740	970	11.3	10.0	12.6
$40,000 to $49,999	1,845	810	1,035	12.2	10.9	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,840	885	955	12.2	11.9	12.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,575	835	740	10.4	11.3	9.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,285	725	565	8.5	9.8	7.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,075	590	485	7.1	8.0	6.3
$90,000 to $99,999	645	390	260	4.3	5.3	3.4
$100,000 and over	1,045	760	285	6.9	10.2	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	680	480	200	4.5	6.5	2.6
$125,000 and over	365	280	80	2.4	3.8	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,585	7,675	7,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	3,470	1,460	2,010	22.3	19.0	25.4
With employment income	12,110	6,210	5,905	77.7	80.9	74.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,300	605	695	10.7	9.7	11.8
$5,000 to $9,999	720	300	425	5.9	4.8	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	1,050	480	570	8.7	7.7	9.7
$20,000 to $29,999	830	370	460	6.9	6.0	7.8
$30,000 to $39,999	815	370	445	6.7	6.0	7.5
$40,000 to $49,999	885	400	480	7.3	6.4	8.1
$50,000 to $59,999	935	430	505	7.7	6.9	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	1,025	520	505	8.5	8.4	8.6
$70,000 to $79,999	920	490	430	7.6	7.9	7.3
$80,000 to $89,999	915	520	395	7.6	8.4	6.7
$90,000 to $99,999	765	435	335	6.3	7.0	5.7
$100,000 and over	1,955	1,290	665	16.1	20.8	11.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,195	725	475	9.9	11.7	8.0
$125,000 and over	760	570	190	6.3	9.2	3.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,585	7,670	7,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,880	7,305	7,575	95.5	95.2	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,600	64,500	49,200	55,600	64,500	49,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,890	7,305	7,585	95.5	95.2	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	54,400	42,800	48,000	54,400	42,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,125	7,035	7,090	90.6	91.7	89.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,200	62,400	45,200	53,200	62,400	45,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,165	6,205	5,965	78.1	80.9	75.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,400	62,800	46,800	54,400	62,800	46,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,235	5,875	6,355	78.5	76.6	80.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,940	670	4,200	1,940	670	4,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,135	475	665	7.3	6.2	8.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	4,880	5,760	5,280	4,880	5,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,585	7,675	7,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,905	7,320	7,590	95.6	95.4	96.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,750	69,100	52,750	60,750	69,100	52,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,915	7,320	7,605	95.7	95.4	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,440	56,500	44,600	50,440	56,500	44,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,160	7,065	7,095	90.9	92.1	89.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,300	66,900	49,720	58,300	66,900	49,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,270	6,240	6,035	78.7	81.3	76.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,550	64,600	50,240	57,550	64,600	50,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,275	5,890	6,385	78.8	76.7	80.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,540	5,530	7,470	6,540	5,530	7,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,145	440	700	7.3	5.7	8.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,620	5,280	9,100	7,620	5,280	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,585	7,675	7,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,150	3,955	3,195	45.9	51.5	40.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,000	78,000	67,500	72,000	78,000	67,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,400	81,600	69,900	76,400	81,600	69,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,490	1,595	1,895	22.4	20.8	24.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	30,400	22,200	24,600	30,400	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,760	39,720	30,560	34,760	39,720	30,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.2	93.6	88.0	91.2	93.6	88.0
Employment income (%)	78.0	79.8	75.8	78.0	79.8	75.8
Government transfers (%)	8.9	6.4	11.9	8.9	6.4	11.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.5	1.6	1.0	0.5	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,260	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,800	...	...	48,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	132,200	...	...	132,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	109,100	...	...	109,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	61,400	...	...	61,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,700	...	...	45,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,965	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	147,200	...	...	147,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,500	...	...	122,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	40	...	...	0.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	105	...	...	1.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	100	...	...	1.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	125	...	...	1.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	110	...	...	1.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	155	...	...	2.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	130	...	...	1.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	295	...	...	4.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	350	...	...	4.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	365	...	...	5.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	365	...	...	5.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	400	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,620	...	...	63.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,075	...	...	14.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	985	...	...	13.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,410	...	...	19.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,150	...	...	15.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	45	...	...	0.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	115	...	...	1.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	120	...	...	1.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	140	...	...	1.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	150	...	...	2.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	180	...	...	2.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	175	...	...	2.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	395	...	...	5.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	455	...	...	6.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	460	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	540	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	520	...	...	7.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,860	...	...	53.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,280	...	...	17.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,020	...	...	14.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,570	...	...	21.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...	164,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	605	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,595	730	865	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,000	59,200	50,400	54,000	59,200	50,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400	50,000	44,400	46,400	50,000	44,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,875	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	146,800	...	...	146,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,100	...	...	122,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,600	...	...	123,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,700	...	...	102,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,830	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	175,200	...	...	175,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,200	...	...	145,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	98,800	...	...	98,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,200	...	...	85,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,580	715	865	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	58,850	66,200	52,800	58,850	66,200	52,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,840	44,600	45,000	44,840	44,600	45,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,440	9,630	9,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,615	2,355	2,255	23.7	24.5	23.0
0 to 5 years	1,490	750	745	7.7	7.8	7.6
18 to 64 years	12,140	5,985	6,150	62.4	62.1	62.7
65 years and over	2,685	1,285	1,400	13.8	13.3	14.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	700	320	380	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	155	80	75	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	50	20	25	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	335	160	175	...	...	...
65 years and over	210	80	130	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	3.6	3.3	3.9	3.6	3.3	3.9
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4
0 to 5 years (%)	3.3	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.4
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8	2.7	2.9	2.8	2.7	2.9
65 years and over (%)	7.8	6.3	9.0	7.8	6.3	9.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	19,440	9,630	9,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,610	2,355	2,260	23.7	24.5	23.0
0 to 5 years	1,495	750	740	7.7	7.8	7.5
18 to 64 years	12,135	5,990	6,150	62.4	62.2	62.7
65 years and over	2,690	1,290	1,405	13.8	13.4	14.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	195	105	95	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	40	20	20	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	15	5	5	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	135	75	60	...	...	...
65 years and over	20	10	15	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.9
0 to 17 years (%)	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8
0 to 5 years (%)	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.0
65 years and over (%)	0.9	0.6	1.0	0.9	0.6	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,440	9,630	9,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	5,385	2,595	2,790	27.7	26.9	28.5
In bottom decile	610	290	315	3.1	3.0	3.2
In second decile	805	365	440	4.1	3.8	4.5
In third decile	1,115	540	575	5.7	5.6	5.9
In fourth decile	1,290	635	650	6.6	6.6	6.6
In fifth decile	1,565	755	805	8.1	7.8	8.2
In top half of the distribution	14,050	7,035	7,020	72.3	73.1	71.6
In sixth decile	2,065	1,010	1,050	10.6	10.5	10.7
In seventh decile	2,485	1,260	1,225	12.8	13.1	12.5
In eighth decile	2,995	1,500	1,500	15.4	15.6	15.3
In ninth decile	3,710	1,865	1,845	19.1	19.4	18.8
In top decile	2,795	1,395	1,395	14.4	14.5	14.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,440	...	...	19,440	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.249	...	...	0.249	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.314	...	...	0.314	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.223	...	...	0.223	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	19,525	9,640	9,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	7,815	4,020	3,790	40.0	41.7	38.3
French only	665	310	355	3.4	3.2	3.6
English and French	11,010	5,290	5,725	56.4	54.9	57.9
Neither English nor French	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	19,525	9,640	9,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	11,670	5,855	5,810	59.8	60.7	58.8
French	7,560	3,635	3,930	38.7	37.7	39.8
English and French	260	135	125	1.3	1.4	1.3
Neither English nor French	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	19,525	9,640	9,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	18,550	9,160	9,390	95.0	95.0	95.0
Official languages	17,730	8,760	8,970	90.8	90.9	90.7
English	10,380	5,225	5,150	53.2	54.2	52.1
French	7,355	3,535	3,825	37.7	36.7	38.7
Non-official languages	815	400	415	4.2	4.1	4.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	815	395	415	4.2	4.1	4.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	50	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	50	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	85	45	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	535	270	270	2.7	2.8	2.7
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	55	65	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	55	65	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	175	85	90	0.9	0.9	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
German	55	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	85	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	55	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	165	95	75	0.8	1.0	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	75	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Chinese languages	45	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	5	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	970	480	495	5.0	5.0	5.0
English and French	795	380	415	4.1	3.9	4.2
English and non-official language(s)	125	70	55	0.6	0.7	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	19,525	9,640	9,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	10,955	5,515	5,445	56.1	57.2	55.1
French	4,790	2,325	2,470	24.5	24.1	25.0
Non-official language	105	50	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	105	50	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	3,000	1,420	1,580	15.4	14.7	16.0
English and non-official language(s)	475	235	245	2.4	2.4	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	155	70	80	0.8	0.7	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	19,525	9,640	9,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	18,735	9,265	9,475	96.0	96.1	95.9
Official languages	18,495	9,145	9,350	94.7	94.9	94.6
English	12,560	6,295	6,260	64.3	65.3	63.3
French	5,935	2,845	3,085	30.4	29.5	31.2
Non-official languages	245	120	125	1.3	1.2	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	240	120	125	1.2	1.2	1.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	140	70	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	785	375	410	4.0	3.9	4.1
English and French	670	315	360	3.4	3.3	3.6
English and non-official language(s)	80	45	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	19,525	9,640	9,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	16,595	8,245	8,355	85.0	85.5	84.5
English	1,190	545	645	6.1	5.7	6.5
French	1,265	625	645	6.5	6.5	6.5
Non-official language	310	150	160	1.6	1.6	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	305	145	155	1.6	1.5	1.6
English and French	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	19,440	9,630	9,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	19,390	9,610	9,780	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	18,785	9,340	9,440	96.6	97.0	96.3
French	11,550	5,540	6,010	59.4	57.5	61.3
Non-official languages	1,455	665	790	7.5	6.9	8.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,440	665	775	7.4	6.9	7.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	150	90	65	0.8	0.9	0.7
Berber languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	145	80	65	0.7	0.8	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	140	80	60	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,010	450	565	5.2	4.7	5.8
Albanian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	140	75	70	0.7	0.8	0.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	140	75	65	0.7	0.8	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	275	135	145	1.4	1.4	1.5
Frisian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
High German languages	145	60	85	0.7	0.6	0.9
German	120	55	65	0.6	0.6	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125	65	60	0.6	0.7	0.6
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	125	65	60	0.6	0.7	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	105	35	70	0.5	0.4	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	95	30	70	0.5	0.3	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hindi	40	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	480	205	275	2.5	2.1	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	155	75	80	0.8	0.8	0.8
Portuguese	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	285	120	170	1.5	1.2	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	45	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
American Sign Language	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,440	9,635	9,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	855	405	450	4.4	4.2	4.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	840	390	450	4.3	4.0	4.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	360	160	200	1.9	1.7	2.0
Métis	445	210	235	2.3	2.2	2.4
Inuk (Inuit)	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	18,580	9,230	9,350	95.6	95.8	95.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,440	9,635	9,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	150	80	80	0.8	0.8	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	19,285	9,555	9,730	99.2	99.2	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	6,070	...	...	84.0	...	...
Renter	1,160	...	...	16.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	420	...	...	5.8	...	...
Not condominium	6,805	...	...	94.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
1 bedroom	370	...	...	5.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,265	...	...	17.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,175	...	...	43.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,415	...	...	33.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	925	...	...	12.8	...	...
5 rooms	925	...	...	12.8	...	...
6 rooms	1,120	...	...	15.5	...	...
7 rooms	1,175	...	...	16.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,080	...	...	42.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.2	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,205	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	7,070	...	...	97.9	...	...
Not suitable	160	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	610	...	...	8.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	950	...	...	13.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,520	...	...	21.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	855	...	...	11.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	635	...	...	8.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	600	...	...	8.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	660	...	...	9.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,390	...	...	19.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,945	...	...	96.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	280	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,730	...	...	37.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,255	...	...	58.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	240	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	100	...	...	1.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,015	...	...	14.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,490	...	...	20.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,360	...	...	18.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,685	...	...	23.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,015	...	...	14.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	465	...	...	6.4	...	...
85 years and over	100	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,305	...	...	88.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	845	...	...	11.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	760	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,220	...	...	16.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	800	...	...	11.1	...	...
Not suitable only	140	...	...	1.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	230	...	...	3.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	6,005	...	...	83.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	400	...	...	5.7	...	...
Not in core need	6,665	...	...	94.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,010	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	70.1	...	...	70.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,740	...	...	1,740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,664	...	...	1,664	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000	...	...	552,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	559,500	...	...	559,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,145	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.0	...	...	38.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.4	...	...	23.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,284	...	...	1,284	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	19,435	9,630	9,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	375	170	200	1.9	1.8	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	370	170	200	1.9	1.8	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	235	100	135	1.2	1.0	1.4
Métis single ancestry	120	60	55	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,080	510	575	5.6	5.3	5.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,070	510	565	5.5	5.3	5.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	810	405	405	4.2	4.2	4.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	250	100	155	1.3	1.0	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	17,985	8,955	9,030	92.5	93.0	92.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	19,435	9,630	9,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	19,090	9,470	9,625	98.2	98.3	98.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,585	2,295	2,285	23.6	23.8	23.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,505	7,170	7,340	74.6	74.5	74.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	345	165	185	1.8	1.7	1.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	19,435	9,630	9,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	18,085	8,945	9,140	93.1	92.9	93.2
Immigrants⁸¹	1,300	665	630	6.7	6.9	6.4
Before 1980	445	230	210	2.3	2.4	2.1
1980 to 1990	175	75	95	0.9	0.8	1.0
1991 to 2000	165	95	70	0.8	1.0	0.7
2001 to 2010	245	125	125	1.3	1.3	1.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	270	140	130	1.4	1.5	1.3
2011 to 2015	130	70	60	0.7	0.7	0.6
2016 to 2021	140	75	70	0.7	0.8	0.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,300	665	635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	180	90	90	13.8	13.5	14.2
5 to 14 years	310	175	135	23.8	26.3	21.3
15 to 24 years	275	135	135	21.2	20.3	21.3
25 to 44 years	405	200	205	31.2	30.1	32.3
45 years and over	125	55	65	9.6	8.3	10.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,300	665	635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	260	130	130	20.0	19.5	20.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	20	10	10	1.5	1.5	1.6
Guyana	25	0	15	1.9	0.0	2.4
Haiti	25	15	10	1.9	2.3	1.6
Jamaica	20	0	20	1.5	0.0	3.1
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	115	60	55	8.8	9.0	8.7
Other places of birth in Americas	35	30	10	2.7	4.5	1.6
Europe	620	325	295	47.7	48.9	46.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	0	15	1.5	0.0	2.4
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	30	15	10	2.3	2.3	1.6
Germany	50	25	25	3.8	3.8	3.9
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	15	20	2.7	2.3	3.1
Netherlands	90	55	30	6.9	8.3	4.7
Poland	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.6
Portugal	40	20	25	3.1	3.0	3.9
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	15	10	1.5	2.3	1.6
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	195	120	80	15.0	18.0	12.6
Other places of birth in Europe	105	45	55	8.1	6.8	8.7
Africa	145	90	60	11.2	13.5	9.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	15	0	0.8	2.3	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	35	20	15	2.7	3.0	2.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	75	35	35	5.8	5.3	5.5
Asia	250	105	145	19.2	15.8	22.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	15	15	2.3	2.3	2.4
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	25	10	20	1.9	1.5	3.1
China⁹⁰	40	10	30	3.1	1.5	4.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	20	10	15	1.5	1.5	2.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	20	20	2.7	3.0	3.1
Pakistan	15	10	0	1.2	1.5	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	25	30	4.2	3.8	4.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	15	0	1.9	2.3	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	140	70	70	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	45	25	15	32.1	35.7	21.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	20	10	10	14.3	14.3	14.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	15	0	10.7	21.4	0.0
Europe	20	10	15	14.3	14.3	21.4
France	10	0	0	7.1	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	7.1	0.0	14.3
Africa	25	15	10	17.9	21.4	14.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	50	20	35	35.7	28.6	50.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	10	10	10.7	14.3	14.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	30	10	20	21.4	14.3	28.6
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	19,440	9,630	9,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,540	785	755	7.9	8.2	7.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,000	965	1,030	10.3	10.0	10.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	15,900	7,875	8,025	81.8	81.8	81.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	860	430	420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	385	200	185	44.8	46.5	44.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	160	85	75	18.6	19.8	17.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	225	115	105	26.2	26.7	25.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	355	165	190	41.3	38.4	45.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	100	65	40	11.6	15.1	9.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	10	1.7	0.0	2.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	860	430	420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	60	45	20	7.0	10.5	4.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	120	65	45	14.0	15.1	10.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	45	30	20	5.2	7.0	4.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	55	20	35	6.4	4.7	8.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	570	275	300	66.3	64.0	71.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	19,440	9,635	9,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,020	505	515	5.2	5.2	5.3
South Asian	135	50	85	0.7	0.5	0.9
Chinese	90	35	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
Black	340	180	160	1.7	1.9	1.6
Filipino	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab	120	65	55	0.6	0.7	0.6
Latin American	90	55	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
Southeast Asian	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Asian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	45	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	18,420	9,130	9,295	94.8	94.8	94.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	19,440	9,630	9,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,995	2,475	2,520	25.7	25.7	25.7
English	2,885	1,410	1,475	14.8	14.6	15.0
Irish	4,105	1,995	2,105	21.1	20.7	21.5
Scottish	3,305	1,675	1,635	17.0	17.4	16.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,995	2,425	2,570	25.7	25.2	26.2
German	1,405	700	710	7.2	7.3	7.2
Chinese	110	55	55	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italian	710	330	375	3.7	3.4	3.8
Indian (India)	145	45	105	0.7	0.5	1.1
Ukrainian	495	215	275	2.5	2.2	2.8
Dutch	885	470	415	4.6	4.9	4.2
Polish	425	180	245	2.2	1.9	2.5
Québécois	235	140	95	1.2	1.5	1.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	605	310	295	3.1	3.2	3.0
Filipino	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
French Canadian	1,225	610	615	6.3	6.3	6.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	815	405	410	4.2	4.2	4.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	415	210	205	2.1	2.2	2.1
Métis	380	165	215	2.0	1.7	2.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	265	135	130	1.4	1.4	1.3
Russian	130	50	80	0.7	0.5	0.8
Norwegian	75	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Welsh	255	135	120	1.3	1.4	1.2
Portuguese	140	65	75	0.7	0.7	0.8
American	220	110	110	1.1	1.1	1.1
Spanish	105	55	50	0.5	0.6	0.5
Swedish	75	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hungarian	100	35	65	0.5	0.4	0.7
Acadian	240	100	145	1.2	1.0	1.5
Pakistani	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Jewish	50	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Greek	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	85	40	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	70	15	55	0.4	0.2	0.6
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lebanese	140	75	65	0.7	0.8	0.7
Iranian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	100	50	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	115	60	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	115	40	75	0.6	0.4	0.8
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	85	30	55	0.4	0.3	0.6
Belgian	135	65	65	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	120	55	65	0.6	0.6	0.7
Finnish	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Japanese	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	195	115	80	1.0	1.2	0.8
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	50	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Czech	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Serbian	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ojibway	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	300	160	145	1.5	1.7	1.5
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Turkish	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	160	65	95	0.8	0.7	1.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Maltese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	15	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latvian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	35	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	485	240	250	2.5	2.5	2.5
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	19,440	9,635	9,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Christian	13,850	6,665	7,185	71.2	69.2	73.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	885	435	450	4.6	4.5	4.6
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	800	350	450	4.1	3.6	4.6
Baptist	185	100	90	1.0	1.0	0.9
Catholic	10,195	4,940	5,255	52.4	51.3	53.6
Christian Orthodox	155	70	80	0.8	0.7	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	125	55	70	0.6	0.6	0.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	130	55	80	0.7	0.6	0.8
Presbyterian	140	65	75	0.7	0.7	0.8
Reformed	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
United Church	910	435	470	4.7	4.5	4.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	250	130	125	1.3	1.3	1.3
Hindu	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Muslim	195	95	100	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sikh	30	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	5,220	2,810	2,415	26.9	29.2	24.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	19,235	9,550	9,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	16,890	8,385	8,510	87.8	87.8	87.8
Movers	2,345	1,160	1,185	12.2	12.1	12.2
Non-migrants	720	345	375	3.7	3.6	3.9
Migrants	1,625	815	810	8.4	8.5	8.4
Internal migrants	1,575	780	800	8.2	8.2	8.3
Intraprovincial migrants	1,450	710	740	7.5	7.4	7.6
Interprovincial migrants	125	70	55	0.6	0.7	0.6
External migrants	50	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	18,195	9,005	9,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	10,820	5,435	5,380	59.5	60.4	58.5
Movers	7,380	3,565	3,805	40.6	39.6	41.4
Non-migrants	1,445	740	705	7.9	8.2	7.7
Migrants	5,930	2,830	3,105	32.6	31.4	33.8
Internal migrants	5,735	2,720	3,010	31.5	30.2	32.7
Intraprovincial migrants	4,925	2,355	2,580	27.1	26.2	28.1
Interprovincial migrants	805	370	440	4.4	4.1	4.8
External migrants	195	110	85	1.1	1.2	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,585	7,675	7,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,185	1,160	1,020	14.0	15.1	12.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,400	6,510	6,895	86.0	84.8	87.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,830	5,300	5,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	745	440	305	6.9	8.3	5.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,095	4,860	5,235	93.2	91.7	94.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,580	7,670	7,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,920	1,015	905	12.3	13.2	11.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,180	2,030	2,150	26.8	26.5	27.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,490	4,630	4,855	60.9	60.4	61.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,745	3,055	2,685	36.9	39.8	33.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,130	820	310	7.3	10.7	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	505	325	180	3.2	4.2	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	625	495	130	4.0	6.5	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,280	2,075	2,205	27.5	27.1	27.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	330	160	165	2.1	2.1	2.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,745	1,570	2,175	24.0	20.5	27.5
Bachelor's degree	2,770	1,140	1,630	17.8	14.9	20.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	210	70	140	1.3	0.9	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	630	290	345	4.0	3.8	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	85	50	35	0.5	0.7	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,835	5,295	5,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	610	360	250	5.6	6.8	4.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,460	1,215	1,245	22.7	22.9	22.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,760	3,720	4,040	71.6	70.3	73.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,590	2,440	2,150	42.4	46.1	38.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	825	605	220	7.6	11.4	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	345	230	115	3.2	4.3	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	480	375	105	4.4	7.1	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,525	1,715	1,815	32.5	32.4	32.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	240	125	115	2.2	2.4	2.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,170	1,280	1,895	29.3	24.2	34.2
Bachelor's degree	2,335	930	1,405	21.6	17.6	25.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	170	50	125	1.6	0.9	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35	15	25	0.3	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	560	240	320	5.2	4.5	5.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70	40	25	0.6	0.8	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,585	7,670	7,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,100	3,045	3,055	39.1	39.7	38.6
Education	610	150	455	3.9	2.0	5.8
13. Education	610	150	455	3.9	2.0	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	340	190	150	2.2	2.5	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	80	0	0.6	1.0	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	255	105	145	1.6	1.4	1.8
Humanities	490	185	305	3.1	2.4	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	95	35	60	0.6	0.5	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	125	40	85	0.8	0.5	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	20	0.2	0.3	0.3
54. History	80	30	50	0.5	0.4	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	20	45	0.4	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,410	435	980	9.0	5.7	12.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	200	70	125	1.3	0.9	1.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	220	15	200	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	165	55	110	1.1	0.7	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	275	70	210	1.8	0.9	2.7
45. Social sciences	515	210	300	3.3	2.7	3.8
Business, management and public administration	1,705	635	1,070	10.9	8.3	13.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	205	35	170	1.3	0.5	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,495	595	895	9.6	7.8	11.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	350	170	175	2.2	2.2	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	155	55	100	1.0	0.7	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	65	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	105	75	25	0.7	1.0	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	460	320	135	3.0	4.2	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	420	305	115	2.7	4.0	1.5
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,875	1,740	130	12.0	22.7	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	100	75	25	0.6	1.0	0.3
14. Engineering	265	235	25	1.7	3.1	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	490	450	35	3.1	5.9	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	440	435	0	2.8	5.7	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	370	340	25	2.4	4.4	0.3
48. Precision production	210	200	15	1.3	2.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	260	140	120	1.7	1.8	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	190	95	90	1.2	1.2	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	45	25	0.4	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	1,200	215	985	7.7	2.8	12.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	175	80	95	1.1	1.0	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,025	140	890	6.6	1.8	11.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	785	440	350	5.0	5.7	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	315	70	240	2.0	0.9	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	15	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	330	240	85	2.1	3.1	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	115	95	20	0.7	1.2	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,830	5,295	5,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,065	1,580	1,495	28.3	29.8	27.0
Education	465	110	355	4.3	2.1	6.4
13. Education	465	110	355	4.3	2.1	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	245	130	125	2.3	2.5	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	55	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	200	75	125	1.8	1.4	2.3
Humanities	365	125	240	3.4	2.4	4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	15	25	0.3	0.3	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	75	30	45	0.7	0.6	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95	30	75	0.9	0.6	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	60	20	40	0.6	0.4	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	10	40	0.5	0.2	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,250	385	865	11.5	7.3	15.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	180	70	110	1.7	1.3	2.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	205	15	185	1.9	0.3	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	140	40	100	1.3	0.8	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
42. Psychology	230	55	170	2.1	1.0	3.1
45. Social sciences	465	190	275	4.3	3.6	5.0
Business, management and public administration	1,430	520	915	13.2	9.8	16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	170	25	145	1.6	0.5	2.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,255	485	765	11.6	9.2	13.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	255	135	130	2.4	2.5	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115	35	85	1.1	0.7	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	45	10	0.5	0.8	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	80	55	20	0.7	1.0	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	430	310	120	4.0	5.9	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	405	295	110	3.7	5.6	2.0
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,470	1,355	110	13.6	25.6	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	85	65	20	0.8	1.2	0.4
14. Engineering	205	185	20	1.9	3.5	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	410	370	30	3.8	7.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	330	330	0	3.0	6.2	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	290	260	30	2.7	4.9	0.5
48. Precision production	155	145	10	1.4	2.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	230	115	115	2.1	2.2	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	165	70	90	1.5	1.3	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	45	25	0.6	0.8	0.5
Health and related fields	980	185	795	9.0	3.5	14.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	135	55	80	1.2	1.0	1.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	845	130	715	7.8	2.5	12.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	635	365	270	5.9	6.9	4.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	235	55	180	2.2	1.0	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	275	210	65	2.5	4.0	1.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	95	75	20	0.9	1.4	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,830	5,295	5,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,065	1,580	1,495	28.3	29.8	27.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,760	3,720	4,045	71.7	70.3	73.0
Location of study inside Canada	7,305	3,475	3,830	67.5	65.6	69.1
Same as province or territory of residence	6,170	2,945	3,225	57.0	55.6	58.2
Different than province or territory of residence	1,140	530	605	10.5	10.0	10.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	460	245	215	4.2	4.6	3.9
Americas	160	85	80	1.5	1.6	1.4
United States of America	135	65	65	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Europe	175	95	75	1.6	1.8	1.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	30	20	0.5	0.6	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Africa	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	65	30	40	0.6	0.6	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Oceania	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,580	7,670	7,910	...	...	...
In the labour force	11,070	5,780	5,290	...	...	...
Employed	10,470	5,485	4,985	...	...	...
Unemployed	595	300	305	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	4,515	1,895	2,620	...	...	...
Participation rate	71.1	75.4	66.9	71.1	75.4	66.9
Employment rate	67.2	71.5	63.0	67.2	71.5	63.0
Unemployment rate	5.4	5.2	5.8	5.4	5.2	5.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,585	7,670	7,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	4,435	1,840	2,595	28.5	24.0	32.8
Worked	11,150	5,835	5,310	71.5	76.1	67.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,305	4,050	3,255	46.9	52.8	41.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	3,845	1,785	2,060	24.7	23.3	26.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	44.3	44.9	43.6	44.3	44.9	43.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	11,065	5,780	5,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90	40	45	0.8	0.7	0.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	10,975	5,740	5,240	99.2	99.3	99.1
Employee	9,735	4,920	4,815	88.0	85.1	91.0
Permanent position	8,465	4,305	4,160	76.5	74.5	78.6
Temporary position	1,265	610	655	11.4	10.6	12.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	420	215	205	3.8	3.7	3.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	845	390	450	7.6	6.7	8.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,245	820	425	11.3	14.2	8.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	11,065	5,780	5,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90	40	45	0.8	0.7	0.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	10,975	5,740	5,240	99.2	99.3	99.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	150	95	55	1.4	1.6	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,440	690	1,755	22.1	11.9	33.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,090	855	230	9.9	14.8	4.3
3 Health occupations	725	135	585	6.6	2.3	11.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,975	685	1,290	17.8	11.9	24.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	240	105	140	2.2	1.8	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	2,030	1,070	965	18.3	18.5	18.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,915	1,760	150	17.3	30.4	2.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	285	220	60	2.6	3.8	1.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	135	120	20	1.2	2.1	0.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	11,065	5,780	5,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90	40	45	0.8	0.7	0.9
All industries¹⁹¹	10,975	5,740	5,240	99.2	99.3	99.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	200	150	55	1.8	2.6	1.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	75	70	10	0.7	1.2	0.2
23 Construction	1,275	1,130	150	11.5	19.6	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	375	235	135	3.4	4.1	2.6
41 Wholesale trade	185	140	45	1.7	2.4	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	1,085	570	515	9.8	9.9	9.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	445	295	150	4.0	5.1	2.8
51 Information and cultural industries	180	135	40	1.6	2.3	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	355	130	220	3.2	2.2	4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	110	60	60	1.0	1.0	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	735	425	305	6.6	7.4	5.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	390	250	140	3.5	4.3	2.6
61 Educational services	955	295	660	8.6	5.1	12.5
62 Health care and social assistance	1,315	250	1,065	11.9	4.3	20.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	170	100	70	1.5	1.7	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	350	140	205	3.2	2.4	3.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	410	185	225	3.7	3.2	4.3
91 Public administration	2,345	1,150	1,200	21.2	19.9	22.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	11,710	6,060	5,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,595	3,655	2,940	56.3	60.3	52.0
French	1,030	430	595	8.8	7.1	10.5
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,075	1,970	2,110	34.8	32.5	37.3
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	11,710	6,060	5,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	10,960	5,695	5,260	93.6	94.0	93.0
Official languages	10,960	5,695	5,260	93.6	94.0	93.0
English	9,065	4,815	4,245	77.4	79.5	75.1
French	1,895	880	1,015	16.2	14.5	17.9
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	760	360	395	6.5	5.9	7.0
English and French	760	360	395	6.5	5.9	7.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	11,710	6,060	5,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	8,385	4,450	3,930	71.6	73.4	69.5
English	855	445	410	7.3	7.3	7.3
French	2,455	1,160	1,300	21.0	19.1	23.0
Non-official language	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	10,475	5,485	4,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,600	1,515	2,090	34.4	27.6	41.9
Worked outside Canada	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
No fixed workplace address	1,250	1,070	185	11.9	19.5	3.7
Usual place of work	5,600	2,895	2,705	53.5	52.8	54.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,595	2,895	2,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,745	760	990	31.2	26.3	36.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	380	195	195	6.8	6.7	7.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,395	1,890	1,500	60.7	65.3	55.5
Commute to a different province or territory	75	50	25	1.3	1.7	0.9
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,850	3,965	2,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	6,465	3,795	2,660	94.4	95.7	92.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,000	3,560	2,440	87.6	89.8	84.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	460	240	220	6.7	6.1	7.6
Public transit	45	20	20	0.7	0.5	0.7
Walked	170	75	95	2.5	1.9	3.3
Bicycle	25	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.5
Other method	150	55	100	2.2	1.4	3.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,850	3,965	2,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	1,730	775	950	25.3	19.5	32.9
15 to 29 minutes	1,520	985	535	22.2	24.8	18.5
30 to 44 minutes	2,710	1,620	1,090	39.6	40.9	37.8
45 to 59 minutes	650	420	235	9.5	10.6	8.1
60 minutes and over	240	160	80	3.5	4.0	2.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,850	3,965	2,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	620	460	160	9.1	11.6	5.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,875	1,245	630	27.4	31.4	21.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,065	1,105	960	30.1	27.9	33.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	950	475	475	13.9	12.0	16.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	465	220	235	6.8	5.5	8.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	880	455	430	12.8	11.5	14.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,690	2,395	2,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,955	1,505	1,450	63.0	62.8	63.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,730	890	845	36.9	37.2	36.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,375	1,730	1,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,170	1,105	1,065	64.3	63.9	64.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,770	890	880	52.4	51.4	53.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	400	215	180	11.9	12.4	11.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,205	625	585	35.7	36.1	35.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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