Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Ottawa, City (CV)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision] Remove	Gatineau, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,017,449	291,041
Population, 2016¹	934,243	276,245
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.9	5.4
Total private dwellings²	427,113	133,225
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	407,252	126,476
Population density per square kilometre	364.9	851.4
Land area in square kilometres	2,788.20	341.84
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,017,445	291,040
0 to 14 years	166,920	52,600
0 to 4 years	48,790	15,640
5 to 9 years	57,410	18,445
10 to 14 years	60,720	18,520
15 to 64 years	678,375	190,885
15 to 19 years	60,385	15,785
20 to 24 years	70,785	17,185
25 to 29 years	72,830	19,635
30 to 34 years	70,190	19,760
35 to 39 years	69,520	20,480
40 to 44 years	65,890	20,620
45 to 49 years	66,240	18,715
50 to 54 years	67,265	18,420
55 to 59 years	71,465	20,625
60 to 64 years	63,795	19,665
65 years and over	172,150	47,555
65 to 69 years	52,355	15,850
70 to 74 years	45,375	12,590
75 to 79 years	30,940	8,645
80 to 84 years	21,080	5,225
85 years and over	22,395	5,245
85 to 89 years	13,385	3,165
90 to 94 years	6,775	1,615
95 to 99 years	1,960	430
100 years and over	275	35
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.4	18.1
15 to 64 years	66.7	65.6
65 years and over	16.9	16.3
85 years and over	2.2	1.8
Average age of the population	40.7	40.3
Median age of the population	40.0	40.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	407,250	126,480
Single-detached house	169,760	46,215
Semi-detached house	21,675	18,050
Row house	87,045	8,230
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,595	7,215
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	43,025	39,380
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	76,895	6,980
Other single-attached house	460	210
Movable dwelling⁴	795	200
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	407,255	126,475
1 person	116,370	43,585
2 persons	135,365	41,880
3 persons	61,740	17,675
4 persons	59,175	15,135
5 or more persons	34,605	8,200
Number of persons in private households	1,000,935	285,715
Average household size	2.5	2.3
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	850,525	238,440
Married or living common-law	474,220	127,495
Married	390,555	81,030
Living common-law	83,660	46,465
Living common law - Never married	63,475	37,445
Living common law - Separated	3,270	750
Living common law - Divorced	15,380	7,440
Living common law - Widowed	1,535	830
Not married and not living common-law	376,305	110,945
Not married and not living common law - Never married	265,265	75,885
Not married and not living common law - Separated	22,900	4,815
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	48,880	18,220
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	39,265	12,030
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	275,395	78,740
2 persons	135,105	40,955
3 persons	57,890	16,645
4 persons	56,630	14,460
5 or more persons	25,765	6,680
Average size of census families	2.9	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	275,395	78,735
Total couple families	231,060	62,370
Married couples	189,255	39,150
With children⁶	108,720	20,015
Without children	80,535	19,135
Common-law couples	41,805	23,230
With children⁶	12,885	11,280
Without children	28,920	11,950
Total one-parent families	44,335	16,360
in which the parent is a woman+	35,065	12,330
in which the parent is a man+	9,270	4,035
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,000,935	285,715
Total - Persons in census families	809,960	225,540
Married spouses or common-law partners	462,120	124,750
Parents in one-parent families	44,335	16,365
Children⁶	303,505	84,430
In a two-parent family	231,930	59,410
In a one-parent family	71,570	25,025
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	190,980	60,175
Living alone	116,365	43,580
Living with other relatives⁷	25,225	6,910
Living with non-relatives only	49,385	9,685
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	407,255	126,475
One-census-family households without additional persons	245,945	72,380
Couple-family households	210,295	58,460
With children⁶	110,890	29,340
Without children	99,405	29,115
One-parent-family households	35,650	13,915
Multigenerational households⁸	9,915	1,965
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,870	335
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10,995	2,940
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	22,155	5,280
One-person households	116,370	43,580
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	834,205	233,135
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	799,200	225,870
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,000	47,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	799,650	225,975
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	728,470	205,895
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	41,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	592,955	169,365
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	43,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	708,155	178,515
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,650	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,350	23,110
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	197,900	57,645
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	834,140	233,135
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	799,175	225,980
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,500	54,700
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	799,595	226,115
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,450	44,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	728,550	206,120
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,750	49,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	592,955	169,360
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,650	49,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	708,130	178,975
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,340	11,810
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,125	24,000
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,990	7,190
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	196,650	58,110
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,100	8,580
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	834,140	233,135
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	313,220	88,740
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	77,500	66,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	90,800	72,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	211,910	61,145
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,480	27,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.2	82.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.8	68.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.8	17.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0	4.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.5	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	834,205	233,135
Without total income	35,010	7,265
With total income	799,195	225,870
Under $10,000 (including loss)	64,735	14,750
$10,000 to $19,999	81,905	23,110
$20,000 to $29,999	99,655	30,590
$30,000 to $39,999	82,070	25,810
$40,000 to $49,999	72,320	25,585
$50,000 to $59,999	65,745	23,335
$60,000 to $69,999	60,485	20,615
$70,000 to $79,999	51,755	16,220
$80,000 to $89,999	44,255	12,595
$90,000 to $99,999	36,745	9,345
$100,000 and over	139,520	23,925
$100,000 to $149,999	96,335	18,830
$150,000 and over	43,185	5,095
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	834,205	233,135
Without after-tax income	34,560	7,160
With after-tax income	799,645	225,980
Under $10,000 (including loss)	68,945	15,980
$10,000 to $19,999	85,505	24,515
$20,000 to $29,999	112,255	36,455
$30,000 to $39,999	96,660	33,215
$40,000 to $49,999	87,825	32,490
$50,000 to $59,999	80,210	27,840
$60,000 to $69,999	65,560	19,830
$70,000 to $79,999	53,935	13,825
$80,000 to $89,999	45,245	8,730
$90,000 to $99,999	32,110	5,385
$100,000 and over	71,395	7,725
$100,000 to $124,999	38,570	4,890
$125,000 and over	32,825	2,835
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	834,205	233,135
Without employment income	241,250	63,770
With employment income	592,955	169,360
Under $5,000 (including loss)	76,830	19,340
$5,000 to $9,999	44,305	12,800
$10,000 to $19,999	60,500	18,515
$20,000 to $29,999	43,960	15,205
$30,000 to $39,999	40,800	14,110
$40,000 to $49,999	40,555	14,105
$50,000 to $59,999	41,380	14,685
$60,000 to $69,999	40,990	14,470
$70,000 to $79,999	35,050	10,975
$80,000 to $89,999	32,370	9,860
$90,000 to $99,999	29,120	7,125
$100,000 and over	107,100	18,180
$100,000 to $124,999	51,775	10,625
$125,000 and over	55,320	7,555
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	834,205	233,135
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	780,535	220,965
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	780,930	221,110
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	714,635	202,070
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	41,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	588,510	168,280
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	42,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	664,760	163,785
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,450	6,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	40,110	19,240
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,040	5,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	834,140	233,135
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	780,035	221,005
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,900	52,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	780,415	221,110
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,440	42,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	714,295	202,420
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,550	49,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	588,525	168,410
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,900	49,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	664,165	163,730
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,400	8,810
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40,730	19,670
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,840	7,580
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	834,140	233,135
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	310,985	88,360
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	62,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	83,700	67,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	196,430	56,740
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,480	32,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.0	87.4
Employment income (%)	73.0	72.4
Government transfers (%)	9.0	12.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	407,255	126,475
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000	82,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	69,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	116,370	43,580
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,600	46,800
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	40,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	290,885	82,890
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,000	107,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	90,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	407,250	126,480
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	126,700	97,700
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	103,000	79,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	116,230	43,525
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	64,800	53,200
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,100	43,760
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	291,025	82,950
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	151,400	121,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	98,800
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	407,250	126,475
Under $5,000	4,455	1,095
$5,000 to $9,999	2,405	750
$10,000 to $14,999	4,680	1,415
$15,000 to $19,999	5,985	2,560
$20,000 to $24,999	10,820	5,145
$25,000 to $29,999	9,080	3,805
$30,000 to $34,999	9,475	3,880
$35,000 to $39,999	10,320	4,470
$40,000 to $44,999	10,715	4,815
$45,000 to $49,999	11,070	4,845
$50,000 to $59,999	23,155	9,915
$60,000 to $69,999	24,780	9,765
$70,000 to $79,999	24,500	9,120
$80,000 to $89,999	24,185	8,280
$90,000 to $99,999	22,710	7,395
$100,000 and over	208,915	49,230
$100,000 to $124,999	50,875	15,560
$125,000 to $149,999	40,410	11,075
$150,000 to $199,999	54,675	13,000
$200,000 and over	62,955	9,595
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	407,250	126,475
Under $5,000	4,980	1,200
$5,000 to $9,999	2,470	770
$10,000 to $14,999	4,800	1,470
$15,000 to $19,999	6,240	2,725
$20,000 to $24,999	11,615	5,710
$25,000 to $29,999	10,425	4,710
$30,000 to $34,999	11,305	4,950
$35,000 to $39,999	12,425	5,950
$40,000 to $44,999	13,055	6,355
$45,000 to $49,999	13,980	6,195
$50,000 to $59,999	29,855	12,360
$60,000 to $69,999	29,930	11,345
$70,000 to $79,999	29,450	10,215
$80,000 to $89,999	28,010	9,135
$90,000 to $99,999	26,500	7,930
$100,000 and over	172,210	35,455
$100,000 to $124,999	54,115	14,820
$125,000 to $149,999	39,740	9,210
$150,000 and over	78,355	11,425
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	274,735	79,340
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,000	108,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	91,000
Average family size of economic families	3.0	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	101,595	29,455
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	98,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	82,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	122,135	31,530
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,000	143,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	119,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	41,580	15,740
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	75,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	66,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	165,755	53,270
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400	44,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	38,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	274,750	79,335
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	153,400	121,800
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,100	99,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	101,380	29,480
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	110,200
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,800	88,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	122,400	31,615
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	186,600	154,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	125,300
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	41,480	15,640
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,900	81,700
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,200	69,500
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	165,700	53,280
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,900	50,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,360	41,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,000,940	285,715
0 to 17 years	202,130	62,140
0 to 5 years	59,530	19,200
18 to 64 years	638,295	180,170
65 years and over	160,515	43,405
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	89,205	28,225
0 to 17 years	21,565	5,850
0 to 5 years	7,035	2,125
18 to 64 years	52,460	16,285
65 years and over	15,185	6,085
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.9	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	9.4
0 to 5 years (%)	11.8	11.1
18 to 64 years (%)	8.2	9.0
65 years and over (%)	9.5	14.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,000,935	285,710
0 to 17 years	202,125	62,140
0 to 5 years	59,525	19,205
18 to 64 years	638,295	180,170
65 years and over	160,515	43,405
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	59,550	16,390
0 to 17 years	11,235	2,775
0 to 5 years	3,615	995
18 to 64 years	43,190	11,510
65 years and over	5,120	2,105
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.0	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	5.6	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	6.1	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	6.4
65 years and over (%)	3.2	4.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,000,940	285,715
In bottom half of the distribution	380,325	140,495
In bottom decile	86,925	25,575
In second decile	70,295	24,635
In third decile	70,060	28,835
In fourth decile	72,780	30,050
In fifth decile	80,265	31,395
In top half of the distribution	620,610	145,220
In sixth decile	88,850	32,400
In seventh decile	100,465	31,830
In eighth decile	117,410	31,965
In ninth decile	146,625	29,645
In top decile	167,260	19,380
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,000,935	285,710
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.345	0.296
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.430	0.401
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.301	0.256
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	3.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,006,965	287,510
English only	610,175	24,200
French only	14,275	74,420
English and French	367,035	186,955
Neither English nor French	15,480	1,940
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,006,965	287,510
English	824,560	48,760
French	141,555	225,055
English and French	25,845	11,860
Neither English nor French	15,000	1,830
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,006,965	287,510
Single responses	944,105	272,280
Official languages	711,900	238,115
English	585,865	33,825
French	126,030	204,290
Non-official languages	232,210	34,165
Indigenous languages³⁹	595	140
Algonquian languages	205	115
Blackfoot	5	0
Cree-Innu languages	110	85
Atikamekw	5	5
Cree languages	105	85
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	25	40
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	40	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	40
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	0
Mi'kmaq	15	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	75	30
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	25
Oji-Cree	10	5
Ojibway languages	55	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	40	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	365	25
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	360	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	15	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	231,615	34,025
Afro-Asiatic languages	55,580	9,040
Berber languages	500	590
Kabyle	355	480
Tamazight	125	105
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	10
Chadic languages	80	100
Hausa	50	20
Mina	30	80
Coptic	30	0
Cushitic languages	7,610	330
Bilen	90	0
Oromo	210	5
Somali	7,150	325
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	165	5
Semitic languages	47,365	8,015
Amharic	1,615	60
Arabic	43,645	7,880
Aramaic languages	115	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	65	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	30	5
Harari	40	0
Hebrew	475	25
Maltese	35	0
Tigrigna	1,390	30
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	45	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	7,685	635
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,085	220
Vietnamese	6,590	410
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0
Austronesian languages	8,640	810
Bikol	30	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	150	25
Cebuano	340	85
Fijian	5	0
Hiligaynon	165	40
Ilocano	725	10
Indonesian	365	30
Kankanaey	20	0
Kinaray-a	15	0
Malagasy languages	70	75
Merina	20	40
Malagasy, n.o.s.	50	35
Malay	55	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50	0
Pangasinan	20	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,440	510
Waray-Waray	40	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	145	10
Creole languages	4,355	1,480
Haitian Creole	3,240	1,200
Jamaican English Creole	25	0
Krio	25	0
Morisyen	220	45
Sango	20	10
Creole, n.o.s.	750	200
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	15
Dravidian languages	5,840	180
Kannada	330	0
Malayalam	1,350	85
Tamil	2,920	80
Telugu	1,200	15
Tulu	25	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Georgian	40	5
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0
Indo-European languages	97,715	15,020
Albanian	765	65
Armenian	450	90
Balto-Slavic languages	20,590	3,015
Baltic languages	405	25
Latvian	215	10
Lithuanian	185	15
Slavic languages	20,185	2,995
Belarusian	50	10
Bulgarian	870	190
Czech	780	45
Macedonian	100	10
Polish	5,110	365
Russian	7,295	945
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	3,520	1,195
Bosnian	700	245
Croatian	980	190
Serbian	1,755	705
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	85	60
Slovak	530	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	180	10
Ukrainian	1,755	190
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Celtic languages	80	5
Irish	20	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	0
Welsh	40	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Germanic languages	7,545	550
Frisian	30	5
High German languages	4,615	365
German	4,305	330
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	180	30
Yiddish	130	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,215	135
Afrikaans	210	10
Dutch	1,910	115
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	5	0
Plautdietsch	25	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	65	10
Scandinavian languages	660	50
Danish	270	25
Icelandic	20	5
Norwegian	130	5
Swedish	245	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	0
Greek	1,965	130
Indo-Iranian languages	35,860	1,540
Indo-Aryan languages	25,015	665
Assamese	10	0
Bengali	3,990	105
Gujarati	2,810	35
Hindi	4,225	110
Kacchi	150	5
Kashmiri	30	0
Konkani	125	0
Marathi	475	10
Nepali	1,005	15
Oriya languages	80	0
Odia	55	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	25	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,610	165
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	100	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	920	35
Urdu	5,390	190
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	100	0
Iranian languages	10,830	875
Baluchi	10	0
Kurdish	785	100
Parsi	20	0
Pashto	1,285	30
Persian languages	8,690	740
Dari	2,320	195
Iranian Persian	5,735	475
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	630	65
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	45	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30,450	9,625
Catalan	35	0
Italian	7,960	390
Portuguese	5,655	2,465
Romanian	2,630	1,040
Spanish	14,140	5,730
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Japanese	970	110
Korean	2,660	185
Mongolian	45	5
Niger-Congo languages	7,710	3,835
Akan (Twi)	365	40
Bamanankan	115	110
Edo	65	0
Éwé	95	130
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	125	225
Ga	50	5
Ganda	155	10
Gikuyu	65	5
Igbo	225	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	940	735
Lingala	380	175
Luba-Kasai	85	35
Mòoré	35	40
Mwani	40	0
Ndebele	20	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,885	915
Shona	120	10
Soninke	15	10
Sotho-Tswana languages	25	0
Swahili	1,420	485
Wojenaka	30	70
Wolof	145	325
Yoruba	640	50
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	685	455
Nilo-Saharan languages	355	85
Dinka	100	0
Nuer	70	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	170	65
African, n.o.s.	15	20
Sign languages	240	45
American Sign Language	170	15
Quebec Sign Language	20	25
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	34,275	2,110
Chinese languages	33,415	2,095
Hakka	125	10
Mandarin	22,310	1,715
Min Dong	30	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	600	60
Wu (Shanghainese)	295	10
Yue (Cantonese)	9,675	285
Chinese, n.o.s.	355	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	25	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	800	5
Burmese	175	5
Kuki-Chin languages	205	0
Karenic languages	300	0
S'gaw Karen	285	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Tibetan	60	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	65	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	55	5
Tai-Kadai languages	730	155
Lao	335	105
Thai	390	55
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Turkic languages	2,980	170
Azerbaijani	160	10
Kazakh	25	0
Turkish	2,600	115
Uyghur	55	5
Uzbek	55	30
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	85	5
Uralic languages	1,740	140
Estonian	125	10
Finnish	260	15
Hungarian	1,345	120
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	15
Multiple responses	62,860	15,230
English and French	22,595	8,640
English and non-official language(s)	27,990	1,595
French and non-official language(s)	5,620	3,585
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,925	1,050
Multiple non-official languages	2,735	360
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,006,965	287,510
English	618,285	32,560
French	57,370	182,830
Non-official language	59,420	9,385
Indigenous³⁹	85	30
Non-Indigenous	59,340	9,350
English and French	78,665	34,220
English and non-official language(s)	149,585	6,935
French and non-official language(s)	8,165	10,665
English, French and non-official language(s)	30,925	10,395
Multiple non-official languages	4,540	520
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,006,965	287,510
Single responses	942,180	270,755
Official languages	817,530	252,610
English	734,735	45,390
French	82,795	207,215
Non-official languages	124,650	18,145
Indigenous languages³⁹	170	50
Algonquian languages	40	45
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	25	45
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	20	40
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	15
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	20
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	5	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	120	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	115	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0
Cayuga	5	0
Mohawk	5	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	124,480	18,100
Afro-Asiatic languages	32,290	5,015
Berber languages	210	240
Kabyle	145	205
Tamazight	60	30
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Chadic languages	30	30
Hausa	20	0
Mina	10	25
Coptic	5	0
Cushitic languages	4,260	150
Bilen	55	0
Oromo	105	0
Somali	3,980	150
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	120	0
Semitic languages	27,780	4,595
Amharic	870	20
Arabic	25,805	4,540
Aramaic languages	70	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	25	10
Harari	15	0
Hebrew	185	15
Maltese	5	0
Tigrigna	810	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,625	310
Khmer (Cambodian)	515	100
Vietnamese	4,115	205
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	4,440	330
Bikol	5	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60	20
Cebuano	175	50
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	70	30
Ilocano	395	0
Indonesian	120	0
Kankanaey	20	0
Kinaray-a	10	0
Malagasy languages	35	30
Merina	15	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	20	15
Malay	5	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	0
Pangasinan	10	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,425	190
Waray-Waray	20	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	5
Creole languages	2,235	580
Haitian Creole	1,650	475
Jamaican English Creole	5	0
Krio	15	0
Morisyen	135	30
Sango	10	0
Creole, n.o.s.	395	70
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	5
Dravidian languages	3,600	100
Kannada	175	0
Malayalam	810	50
Tamil	1,915	40
Telugu	685	10
Tulu	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Georgian	5	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	46,210	8,685
Albanian	355	30
Armenian	195	60
Balto-Slavic languages	9,300	1,860
Baltic languages	85	0
Latvian	40	0
Lithuanian	40	0
Slavic languages	9,215	1,860
Belarusian	30	5
Bulgarian	375	130
Czech	180	15
Macedonian	35	5
Polish	1,765	135
Russian	4,365	630
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,600	840
Bosnian	310	150
Croatian	320	110
Serbian	955	545
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	30
Slovak	155	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	0
Ukrainian	680	95
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5
Irish	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5
Welsh	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	730	165
Frisian	0	95
High German languages	460	50
German	430	45
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	25	5
Yiddish	10	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	190	10
Afrikaans	75	0
Dutch	115	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0
Scandinavian languages	70	10
Danish	20	5
Icelandic	5	0
Norwegian	10	0
Swedish	35	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Greek	570	30
Indo-Iranian languages	21,700	945
Indo-Aryan languages	14,950	400
Assamese	10	0
Bengali	2,425	70
Gujarati	1,585	25
Hindi	2,285	65
Kacchi	50	0
Kashmiri	5	0
Konkani	25	0
Marathi	195	5
Nepali	710	5
Oriya languages	35	0
Odia	25	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,825	100
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	40	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	505	35
Urdu	3,210	95
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	40	0
Iranian languages	6,745	545
Baluchi	0	0
Kurdish	455	60
Parsi	10	0
Pashto	865	25
Persian languages	5,400	460
Dari	1,325	125
Iranian Persian	3,695	300
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	375	35
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	13,355	5,585
Catalan	15	0
Italian	1,995	65
Portuguese	2,890	1,135
Romanian	1,185	625
Spanish	7,265	3,760
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	380	35
Korean	1,555	110
Mongolian	30	0
Niger-Congo languages	3,040	1,140
Akan (Twi)	120	10
Bamanankan	35	20
Edo	20	0
Éwé	20	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	75
Ga	10	0
Ganda	35	0
Gikuyu	5	0
Igbo	45	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	415	235
Lingala	150	50
Luba-Kasai	25	0
Mòoré	5	10
Mwani	5	0
Ndebele	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,000	325
Shona	25	5
Soninke	10	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0
Swahili	645	165
Wojenaka	20	20
Wolof	50	135
Yoruba	225	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	120	50
Nilo-Saharan languages	130	20
Dinka	30	0
Nuer	25	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	15
African, n.o.s.	0	0
Sign languages	400	90
American Sign Language	295	20
Quebec Sign Language	20	40
Sign languages, n.i.e.	80	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	22,960	1,515
Chinese languages	22,375	1,515
Hakka	35	0
Mandarin	16,200	1,335
Min Dong	25	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	235	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	190	5
Yue (Cantonese)	5,515	140
Chinese, n.o.s.	175	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	535	5
Burmese	105	0
Kuki-Chin languages	140	0
Karenic languages	210	0
S'gaw Karen	200	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Tibetan	30	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	50	0
Tai-Kadai languages	295	60
Lao	170	50
Thai	120	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Turkic languages	1,895	70
Azerbaijani	60	0
Kazakh	15	0
Turkish	1,715	50
Uyghur	40	0
Uzbek	30	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Uralic languages	380	35
Estonian	15	0
Finnish	25	0
Hungarian	345	35
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10
Multiple responses	64,785	16,755
English and French	19,180	9,485
English and non-official language(s)	37,595	2,095
French and non-official language(s)	3,505	3,590
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,785	1,475
Multiple non-official languages	720	105
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,006,965	287,505
None	786,960	238,475
English	67,365	20,450
French	48,965	12,200
Non-official language	70,130	8,675
Indigenous³⁹	430	85
Non-Indigenous	69,695	8,590
English and French	5,080	2,235
English and non-official language(s)	9,150	2,785
French and non-official language(s)	11,250	1,715
English, French and non-official language(s)	580	190
Multiple non-official languages	7,485	780
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,000,935	285,715
Official languages	985,515	283,720
English	971,415	209,875
French	379,320	259,765
Non-official languages	339,240	60,020
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,390	305
Algonquian languages	625	245
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	265	165
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	245	155
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	10	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	50	95
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	90	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	65	35
Innu (Montagnais)	0	10
Naskapi	10	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	55	0
Mi'kmaq	35	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	25	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	285	75
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	30	60
Oji-Cree	20	0
Ojibway languages	245	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	85	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	15	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	150	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Athabaskan languages	25	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	640	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	630	60
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	70	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	50	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	15	0
Salish languages	15	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	15	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	15	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0
Non-Indigenous languages	338,015	59,735
Afro-Asiatic languages	82,330	13,465
Berber languages	730	780
Kabyle	520	635
Tamazight	205	155
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	0
Chadic languages	400	300
Hausa	300	100
Mina	100	200
Coptic	155	0
Cushitic languages	10,730	645
Bilen	170	0
Oromo	305	40
Somali	10,040	605
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	295	20
Semitic languages	72,430	12,415
Amharic	3,125	160
Arabic	66,380	12,110
Aramaic languages	235	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	105	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	50	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	80	0
Harari	85	0
Hebrew	2,170	155
Maltese	60	0
Tigrigna	2,045	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	130	35
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,935	820
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,520	305
Vietnamese	8,490	520
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0
Austronesian languages	12,405	1,360
Bikol	20	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	180	40
Cebuano	645	115
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	375	145
Ilocano	1,445	20
Indonesian	855	70
Kankanaey	70	0
Kinaray-a	35	0
Malagasy languages	125	145
Merina	15	80
Malagasy, n.o.s.	110	75
Malay	380	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	0
Pangasinan	70	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,525	1,040
Waray-Waray	110	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	510	110
Creole languages	10,580	3,740
Haitian Creole	8,565	3,330
Jamaican English Creole	145	15
Krio	65	10
Morisyen	595	65
Sango	75	70
Creole, n.o.s.	1,355	330
Creole languages, n.i.e.	410	85
Dravidian languages	8,700	335
Kannada	840	25
Malayalam	1,920	115
Tamil	4,800	200
Telugu	2,150	55
Tulu	65	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	40	0
Georgian	90	0
Hmong-Mien languages	15	0
Indo-European languages	154,980	29,500
Albanian	950	75
Armenian	760	130
Balto-Slavic languages	26,665	4,220
Baltic languages	480	65
Latvian	230	45
Lithuanian	250	20
Slavic languages	26,270	4,170
Belarusian	195	30
Bulgarian	1,075	160
Czech	1,345	90
Macedonian	210	10
Polish	6,645	470
Russian	11,590	1,815
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	4,685	1,640
Bosnian	1,385	450
Croatian	2,135	595
Serbian	2,655	1,155
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	90	60
Slovak	945	50
Slovene (Slovenian)	235	15
Ukrainian	3,170	435
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Celtic languages	455	85
Irish	300	45
Scottish Gaelic	80	20
Welsh	70	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	10
Germanic languages	17,165	2,095
Frisian	45	0
High German languages	12,755	1,705
German	12,375	1,675
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	230	35
Yiddish	310	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,475	295
Afrikaans	660	15
Dutch	2,715	275
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	35	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	115	10
Scandinavian languages	1,500	150
Danish	505	40
Icelandic	25	10
Norwegian	360	25
Swedish	685	90
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	95	0
Greek	2,965	230
Indo-Iranian languages	52,110	2,325
Indo-Aryan languages	39,190	1,115
Assamese	30	0
Bengali	5,420	115
Gujarati	4,375	65
Hindi	18,430	495
Kacchi	340	10
Kashmiri	35	0
Konkani	275	15
Marathi	1,205	20
Nepali	1,270	10
Oriya languages	100	0
Odia	65	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	25	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10,240	345
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	210	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,485	55
Urdu	10,495	375
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	305	0
Iranian languages	14,040	1,335
Baluchi	20	0
Kurdish	1,090	190
Parsi	40	15
Pashto	2,035	45
Persian languages	11,805	1,145
Dari	3,470	340
Iranian Persian	7,810	690
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	755	150
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	150	40
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	0
Italic (Romance) languages	61,090	21,710
Catalan	135	15
Italian	15,235	1,685
Portuguese	8,795	3,635
Romanian	3,310	1,495
Spanish	38,350	16,475
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	185	35
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	55	0
Japanese	2,835	490
Korean	3,615	355
Mongolian	95	0
Niger-Congo languages	18,815	8,615
Akan (Twi)	850	115
Bamanankan	360	310
Edo	200	25
Éwé	235	255
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	315	565
Ga	195	15
Ganda	385	65
Gikuyu	90	0
Igbo	1,085	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	2,030	1,245
Lingala	3,105	1,630
Luba-Kasai	510	140
Mòoré	125	125
Mwani	35	0
Ndebele	85	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	3,185	1,750
Shona	275	20
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	75	10
Swahili	5,310	1,955
Wojenaka	115	175
Wolof	405	815
Yoruba	2,250	160
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,945	1,800
Nilo-Saharan languages	700	190
Dinka	155	0
Nuer	100	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	450	185
African, n.o.s.	175	100
Sign languages	2,095	365
American Sign Language	1,820	145
Quebec Sign Language	145	200
Sign languages, n.i.e.	235	50
Sino-Tibetan languages	41,125	2,765
Chinese languages	40,240	2,760
Hakka	225	20
Mandarin	29,995	2,430
Min Dong	40	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,035	130
Wu (Shanghainese)	490	35
Yue (Cantonese)	13,630	465
Chinese, n.o.s.	435	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	70	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	875	0
Burmese	310	0
Kuki-Chin languages	280	0
Karenic languages	360	0
S'gaw Karen	345	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	45	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	55	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,220	270
Lao	475	170
Thai	880	150
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	25	0
Turkic languages	4,425	380
Azerbaijani	385	35
Kazakh	170	0
Turkish	3,820	330
Uyghur	105	0
Uzbek	160	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	100	10
Uralic languages	2,410	225
Estonian	210	20
Finnish	435	10
Hungarian	1,775	200
Other languages, n.i.e.	300	90
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,000,935	285,715
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	26,395	11,705
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	25,110	11,195
First Nations (North American Indian)	13,300	6,010
Métis	10,545	4,875
Inuk (Inuit)	1,270	315
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	665	205
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	620	305
Non-Indigenous identity	974,540	274,010
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,000,935	285,715
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	6,635	2,180
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	994,300	283,530
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	407,250	126,475
Owner	260,220	76,090
Renter	147,030	50,390
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	407,250	126,475
Condominium	65,705	20,405
Not condominium	341,550	106,070
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	407,250	126,475
No bedrooms	3,830	780
1 bedroom	59,775	16,180
2 bedrooms	85,345	38,255
3 bedrooms	150,190	46,115
4 or more bedrooms	108,110	25,145
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	407,250	126,475
1 to 4 rooms	117,090	39,295
5 rooms	54,625	22,330
6 rooms	57,030	16,820
7 rooms	54,520	15,290
8 or more rooms	123,985	32,745
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	6.0
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	407,250	126,475
One person or fewer per room	398,225	125,005
More than one person per room	9,030	1,470
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	407,250	126,475
Suitable	385,180	121,685
Not suitable	22,070	4,795
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	407,250	126,475
1960 or before	64,815	16,660
1961 to 1980	115,070	33,650
1981 to 1990	63,195	19,295
1991 to 2000	46,095	18,185
2001 to 2005	28,865	9,455
2006 to 2010	29,380	11,235
2011 to 2015	28,490	9,130
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	31,355	8,860
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	407,250	126,475
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	385,390	119,290
Major repairs needed	21,860	7,185
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	407,250	126,475
One-maintainer household	198,960	69,445
Two-maintainer household	189,175	53,775
Three-or-more-maintainer household	19,115	3,255
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	407,250	126,475
15 to 24 years	14,640	4,710
25 to 34 years	62,300	20,315
35 to 44 years	72,630	24,480
45 to 54 years	76,580	22,840
55 to 64 years	80,140	25,260
65 to 74 years	58,720	18,095
75 to 84 years	31,270	8,640
85 years and over	10,970	2,140
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	404,915	126,075
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	323,340	106,190
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	81,575	19,885
30% to less than 100%	72,595	18,030
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	407,250	126,475
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	114,035	29,725
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	71,850	18,115
Not suitable only	16,150	3,945
Major repairs needed only	14,840	5,560
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	4,180	480
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	5,275	1,255
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,475	340
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	275	30
Acceptable housing	293,215	96,750
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	395,940	124,225
In core need	44,435	6,875
Not in core need	351,505	117,355
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	259,630	76,050
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.8	68.6
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.7	9.1
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	1.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,560	1,250
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,668	1,286
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	624,000	332,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	672,000	360,400
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	146,985	50,390
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.1	10.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.1	25.9
% in core housing need⁶³	23.3	11.6
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,380	900
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,422	968
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,000,935	285,710
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,200	8,910
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	7,950	8,825
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	5,255	7,060
Métis single ancestry	1,945	1,565
Inuit single ancestry	750	200
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	255	90
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	200	90
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	35	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	33,190	14,830
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	32,460	14,620
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	23,370	12,155
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	8,340	2,275
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	755	190
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	730	210
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	640	195
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	15
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	959,545	261,970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,000,940	285,715
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	905,590	267,450
Canadian citizens aged under 18	185,345	58,820
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	720,250	208,630
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	95,345	18,265
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,000,940	285,715
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	712,100	236,230
Immigrants⁸¹	259,215	44,185
Before 1980	42,685	3,415
1980 to 1990	29,930	3,485
1991 to 2000	51,775	6,880
2001 to 2010	56,115	12,445
2011 to 2021⁸²	78,715	17,950
2011 to 2015	31,305	8,035
2016 to 2021	47,415	9,920
Non-permanent residents⁸³	29,620	5,300
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	259,220	44,180
Under 5 years	25,575	4,660
5 to 14 years	46,995	7,875
15 to 24 years	47,450	7,040
25 to 44 years	116,090	21,745
45 years and over	23,105	2,865
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	259,220	44,180
Americas	36,600	8,675
Brazil	1,980	365
Colombia	1,755	1,710
El Salvador	2,045	515
Guyana	1,255	45
Haiti	6,705	2,530
Jamaica	3,175	155
Mexico	1,710	560
Peru	790	335
Trinidad and Tobago	1,280	50
United States of America	8,795	790
Other places of birth in Americas	7,110	1,625
Europe	54,405	9,160
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,630	820
Croatia	780	230
France	2,665	2,050
Germany	3,390	285
Greece	800	40
Hungary	700	55
Italy	4,625	215
Netherlands	1,640	95
Poland	3,965	255
Portugal	1,995	1,275
Romania	2,550	1,000
Russian Federation	3,245	400
Serbia⁸⁶	770	175
Ukraine	2,460	450
United Kingdom⁸⁷	14,765	555
Other places of birth in Europe	8,420	1,265
Africa	44,290	16,305
Algeria	1,905	1,435
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	3,975	1,710
Egypt	4,410	395
Eritrea	1,535	20
Ethiopia	2,815	135
Morocco	2,640	1,985
Nigeria	3,220	150
Somalia	4,520	180
South Africa, Republic of	1,235	75
Other places of birth in Africa	18,035	10,215
Asia	123,015	9,960
Afghanistan	2,850	250
Iran⁸⁸	6,000	565
Iraq	4,460	280
Lebanon	11,905	2,450
Syria⁸⁹	6,365	645
Turkey	1,655	160
China⁹⁰	20,320	1,530
Hong Kong⁹¹	3,205	80
Korea, South⁹²	2,195	230
Taiwan	1,025	60
Philippines	10,505	1,095
Viet Nam	6,155	340
Bangladesh	3,270	75
India	16,195	465
Pakistan	5,500	230
Sri Lanka	2,885	90
Other places of birth in Asia	18,530	1,430
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	905	90
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	47,415	9,920
Americas	5,050	1,205
Brazil	740	85
Colombia	270	245
Haiti	985	370
Jamaica	200	10
Mexico	325	80
United States of America	1,565	115
Venezuela⁹⁵	120	25
Other places of birth in Americas	855	270
Europe	3,680	1,115
France	505	415
Germany	180	20
Ireland⁹⁶	130	0
Italy	65	0
Russian Federation	475	70
Ukraine	505	155
United Kingdom⁸⁷	710	70
Other places of birth in Europe	1,120	385
Africa	12,725	4,685
Algeria	625	190
Burundi	1,300	585
Cameroon	480	750
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,060	410
Côte d'Ivoire	275	595
Egypt	670	95
Eritrea	580	0
Ethiopia	440	35
Morocco	955	320
Nigeria	1,790	65
Somalia	570	20
South Africa, Republic of	345	15
Sudan⁹⁷	175	0
Tunisia	450	245
Other places of birth in Africa	3,005	1,355
Asia	25,825	2,885
Afghanistan	755	40
Bangladesh	580	35
China⁹⁰	3,225	365
Hong Kong⁹¹	90	15
India	5,645	270
Iran⁸⁸	825	30
Iraq	955	20
Israel	145	10
Japan	60	0
Jordan	340	35
Korea, South⁹²	315	95
Lebanon	1,045	230
Nepal	110	0
Pakistan	925	110
Philippines	2,105	790
Saudi Arabia	580	55
Sri Lanka	260	10
Syria⁸⁹	4,450	440
Turkey	695	60
United Arab Emirates	570	50
Viet Nam	460	20
Other places of birth in Asia	1,705	190
Oceania and other⁹³	130	30
Australia	95	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	35	20
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,000,935	285,715
First generation¹⁰⁰	303,690	52,005
Second generation¹⁰¹	209,590	30,730
Third generation or more¹⁰²	487,660	202,980
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	216,530	40,765
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	104,175	20,395
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	44,555	9,275
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	59,620	11,120
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	56,285	10,185
Refugees¹⁰⁸	52,950	9,740
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	3,125	450
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	216,530	40,765
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20,290	3,405
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	18,040	2,375
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	6,945	1,070
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	14,565	2,105
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,390	215
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	155,295	31,595
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,000,935	285,715
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	324,960	54,660
South Asian	57,820	1,840
Chinese	46,170	3,230
Black	84,765	27,145
Filipino	14,320	1,375
Arab	58,180	10,240
Latin American	14,350	5,595
Southeast Asian	14,960	1,590
West Asian	13,255	1,130
Korean	4,125	385
Japanese	2,315	250
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	3,780	485
Multiple visible minorities	10,910	1,400
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	675,975	231,050
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,000,940	285,715
Canadian	114,205	74,935
English	156,485	11,340
Irish	192,250	23,540
Scottish	160,250	11,945
French, n.o.s.¹²²	140,710	68,915
German	73,625	7,290
Chinese	47,925	3,570
Italian	45,685	5,280
Indian (India)	31,385	1,350
Ukrainian	23,840	1,815
Dutch	25,770	1,505
Polish	30,300	2,175
Québécois	6,730	23,815
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	38,750	2,205
Filipino	14,365	1,400
French Canadian	32,825	19,830
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	20,120	6,995
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	11,410	8,510
Métis	11,175	4,120
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	15,605	4,990
Russian	13,005	1,310
Norwegian	6,875	720
Welsh	16,410	885
Portuguese	9,695	4,135
American	11,045	1,575
Spanish	10,990	2,870
Swedish	6,575	530
Hungarian	8,230	740
Acadian	7,460	3,540
Pakistani	7,485	255
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	15,090	5,110
Jewish	10,700	565
Punjabi	3,420	65
Vietnamese	10,085	865
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	21,480	3,365
Greek	7,290	740
Jamaican	6,675	655
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	5,085	505
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,815	680
Korean	4,265	380
Romanian	5,620	1,585
Lebanese	23,990	4,775
Iranian	7,265	780
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	4,845	2,060
Danish	5,015	420
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	4,065	2,340
Sikh	1,755	25
Austrian	4,670	420
Belgian	4,230	1,770
Haitian	9,780	4,270
Hindu	4,180	95
Mexican	3,200	1,095
Mennonite	1,190	45
Swiss	3,790	775
Finnish	4,090	270
Sri Lankan	2,960	150
Croatian	3,375	535
Japanese	3,105	380
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	3,335	115
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	2,315	975
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	3,290	320
Muslim	5,230	495
Egyptian	6,920	840
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	3,200	1,155
Tamil	2,350	90
Icelandic	1,460	110
Colombian	2,360	1,815
Moroccan	2,910	2,290
Czech	3,215	215
Syrian	6,610	940
Guyanese	2,010	190
Afghan	4,475	295
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	4,085	935
Serbian	2,535	860
Ojibway	1,320	165
Newfoundlander	2,465	175
Hong Konger	1,200	35
Ontarian	5,400	1,175
Persian	3,095	190
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,090	155
Turkish	4,175	470
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	1,635	400
Bangladeshi	3,680	65
Algerian	2,015	1,135
Brazilian	2,550	495
Nigerian	3,850	270
Armenian	1,670	410
Slovak	2,665	140
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,630	290
Somali	10,500	560
Taiwanese	1,270	80
Iraqi	3,890	230
Salvadorean	2,030	630
African Caribbean	2,575	455
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	1,710	100
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	5,030	310
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	2,395	420
Algonquin	4,015	4,665
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,075	35
Lithuanian	2,130	90
South African	1,540	50
Australian	1,285	140
Palestinian	4,915	225
Chilean	865	350
Congolese	5,130	2,825
Nova Scotian	1,185	50
Ethiopian	2,600	175
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	1,255	270
Peruvian	1,325	390
Yoruba	1,815	170
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,375	465
Berber	1,310	1,125
Albanian	1,160	95
Maltese	605	50
Macedonian	535	25
Slovenian	1,015	50
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	1,620	315
New Brunswicker	855	190
Gujarati	1,025	0
Eritrean	2,095	40
African Canadian	1,170	220
Israeli	955	70
Mohawk	1,780	390
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	665	45
Bulgarian	1,525	230
Albertan	220	45
Ghanaian	1,195	180
Barbadian	1,130	75
African American	780	180
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	800	160
Tunisian	885	760
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,420	105
Cuban	1,245	370
Bosnian	1,365	505
Venezuelan	1,045	230
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	325	430
Latvian	1,110	95
Bengali	1,255	30
Cameroonian	1,185	1,625
Guatemalan	405	250
Indonesian	970	80
Laotian	815	190
Ilocano	455	30
Northern Irish	1,005	65
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	1,205	115
British Columbian	225	10
Ecuadorian	350	80
Franco Ontarian	6,225	1,305
Argentinian	505	195
Estonian	865	90
Kurdish	1,140	160
Fijian	50	0
Jatt	185	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	470	325
Coptic	1,050	75
Thai	1,015	180
Dominican	805	225
Nepali	915	15
Kabyle	320	335
Assyrian	230	55
Igbo	1,340	30
Byelorussian	945	130
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	25	15
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	325	40
Abenaki	225	345
Moldovan	375	160
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	515	480
New Zealander	490	15
Sudanese	795	25
Breton	160	480
Pennsylvania Dutch	270	0
Malaysian	635	10
Plains Cree	60	15
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	1,095	325
Huron (Wendat)	390	640
Saskatchewanian	400	45
Buddhist	415	20
Gaspesian	60	265
Norman	450	305
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	785	0
Ivorian	785	1,140
Saulteaux	70	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	445	135
Burundian	2,695	1,760
Tigrinya	405	10
Nicaraguan	615	120
Mauritian	635	140
Kenyan	630	25
Oji-Cree	70	20
Vincentian	270	90
Jordanian	1,505	95
Manitoban	255	65
Cape Bretoner	330	20
Rwandan	1,530	1,250
Grenadian	280	50
Malayali	550	25
Chaldean	55	0
Sinhalese	660	0
Mayan	290	55
Honduran	260	75
Cherokee	315	45
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	160	0
Indo-Caribbean	290	0
Flemish	345	60
United Empire Loyalist	595	0
Senegalese	440	635
Azerbaijani	310	20
Sicilian	270	70
Pashtun	540	0
Malay	110	15
Goan	315	15
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	830	595
Tibetan	55	0
Zimbabwean	320	75
Burmese	465	15
Mongolian	425	55
Azorean	165	245
Atikamekw	0	95
Bamileke	380	550
Indo-Guyanese	220	15
Ugandan	590	45
Oromo	410	30
Tanzanian	380	40
Yemeni	985	65
Central African	630	540
Libyan	1,430	45
Basque	335	160
Uruguayan	135	100
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	290	215
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	450	210
Igorot	195	0
Fulani	310	440
Woodland Cree	0	0
Guinean	320	600
St. Lucian	635	20
Prince Edward Islander	230	10
Maliseet	135	50
Beninese	240	575
Telugu	220	25
Roma	150	0
Costa Rican	175	35
African Nova Scotian	200	0
Malagasy	220	225
Kashmiri	130	0
Singaporean	165	0
Karen	385	0
Edo	310	0
Tajik	370	0
Amhara	415	30
Paraguayan	60	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,000,935	285,715
Buddhist	10,800	1,165
Christian	528,700	178,850
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	64,320	20,920
Anabaptist	885	50
Anglican	41,175	1,785
Baptist	7,600	1,555
Catholic	303,820	141,155
Christian Orthodox	21,350	3,730
Jehovah's Witness	3,015	1,225
Latter Day Saints	1,175	225
Lutheran	6,350	400
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,995	75
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	11,585	1,870
Presbyterian	9,245	485
Reformed	1,115	55
United Church	34,445	1,095
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	20,610	4,235
Hindu	20,300	535
Jewish	10,600	405
Muslim	98,920	14,840
Sikh	6,375	185
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	445	200
Other religions and spiritual traditions	8,055	1,410
No religion and secular perspectives	316,740	88,125
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	992,100	282,605
Non-movers	860,725	244,925
Movers	131,375	37,675
Non-migrants	94,310	24,955
Migrants	37,060	12,720
Internal migrants	26,175	10,995
Intraprovincial migrants	15,845	5,080
Interprovincial migrants	10,335	5,915
External migrants	10,885	1,725
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	952,255	270,075
Non-movers	561,640	154,320
Movers	390,615	115,755
Non-migrants	226,395	65,490
Migrants	164,220	50,260
Internal migrants	102,750	38,230
Intraprovincial migrants	60,055	23,260
Interprovincial migrants	42,695	14,970
External migrants	61,470	12,035
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	834,140	233,135
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	100,305	45,910
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	733,835	187,220
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	543,310	156,875
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	35,045	21,920
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	508,265	134,955
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	834,135	233,135
No certificate, diploma or degree	92,035	40,650
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	192,100	51,870
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	550,000	140,625
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	204,535	75,230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	29,735	25,945
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,420	18,080
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	13,315	7,865
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	157,470	41,785
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,325	7,505
Bachelor's degree or higher	345,465	65,390
Bachelor's degree	208,395	39,995
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	18,710	5,315
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,015	985
Master's degree	91,830	16,690
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	18,520	2,405
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	543,305	156,875
No certificate, diploma or degree	30,180	18,160
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	95,710	28,230
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	417,415	110,490
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	148,475	56,035
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	19,900	20,155
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,930	14,090
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,965	6,065
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	117,225	30,505
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,355	5,375
Bachelor's degree or higher	268,935	54,455
Bachelor's degree	160,030	32,840
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	13,910	4,415
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,290	865
Master's degree	75,160	14,345
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	13,545	1,990
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	834,135	233,135
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	284,135	92,515
Education	27,600	9,710
13. Education	27,600	9,710
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	18,020	4,245
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,425	590
50. Visual and performing arts	15,590	3,660
Humanities	35,490	8,860
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	5,855	2,130
23. English language and literature/letters	8,820	540
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,885	3,230
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	1,025	95
38. Philosophy and religious studies	2,640	470
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,795	375
54. History	6,250	825
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	2,215	1,190
Social and behavioural sciences and law	104,360	21,290
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,635	235
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	11,740	2,670
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10,185	2,465
22. Legal professions and studies	15,980	3,620
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	3,410	665
42. Psychology	15,385	2,875
45. Social sciences	46,020	8,760
Business, management and public administration	110,230	35,050
30.16 Accounting and computer science	170	40
44. Public administration and social service professions	11,785	3,215
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	98,275	31,800
Physical and life sciences and technologies	30,225	5,220
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	14,880	2,050
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,840	805
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	405	800
40. Physical sciences	9,330	1,325
41. Science technologies/technicians	770	240
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	40,150	8,225
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	31,300	6,695
25. Library science	2,545	685
27. Mathematics and statistics	4,980	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	1,325	145
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	88,310	20,880
04. Architecture and related services	5,325	1,115
14. Engineering	43,170	4,670
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	19,460	4,630
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	50	25
46. Construction trades	8,690	5,400
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	8,370	3,275
48. Precision production	3,250	1,755
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,755	2,310
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,145	1,200
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,610	1,110
Health and related fields	64,635	15,750
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	5,930	1,145
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	55,880	14,250
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	125	30
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,700	320
Personal, protective and transportation services	22,090	9,055
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	11,455	4,800
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	895	60
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	435	180
43. Security and protective services	7,000	2,775
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,315	1,240
Other¹⁷⁹	130	25
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	543,305	156,875
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	125,895	46,390
Education	18,440	6,870
13. Education	18,440	6,870
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	13,675	3,280
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,780	420
50. Visual and performing arts	11,895	2,855
Humanities	24,905	5,885
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	4,275	1,570
23. English language and literature/letters	6,325	415
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,755	1,900
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	710	60
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,880	365
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,170	190
54. History	4,480	635
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	1,310	750
Social and behavioural sciences and law	81,765	17,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,330	195
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	9,625	2,280
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,665	2,010
22. Legal professions and studies	13,035	2,920
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	2,560	525
42. Psychology	11,700	2,330
45. Social sciences	35,855	7,160
Business, management and public administration	85,840	28,315
30.16 Accounting and computer science	120	30
44. Public administration and social service professions	9,370	2,660
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	76,350	25,620
Physical and life sciences and technologies	22,000	3,440
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,405	1,660
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,485	470
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	330	210
40. Physical sciences	6,295	980
41. Science technologies/technicians	480	120
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	32,695	7,010
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	26,615	5,840
25. Library science	1,500	495
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,480	550
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	1,095	125
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	66,285	16,570
04. Architecture and related services	3,950	920
14. Engineering	33,720	4,035
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	14,425	3,650
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	50	25
46. Construction trades	6,200	4,265
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,845	2,435
48. Precision production	2,085	1,245
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,675	1,950
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,705	975
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,970	980
Health and related fields	48,185	12,580
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	4,605	940
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	41,505	11,345
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	105	35
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,970	265
Personal, protective and transportation services	16,855	7,130
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	8,590	3,725
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	720	60
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	250	125
43. Security and protective services	5,575	2,155
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,720	1,065
Other¹⁷⁹	95	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	543,305	156,875
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	125,895	46,390
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	417,410	110,485
Location of study inside Canada	338,690	96,535
Same as province or territory of residence	279,830	62,835
Different than province or territory of residence	58,860	33,700
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	78,720	13,955
Americas	15,750	2,750
United States of America	9,810	825
Mexico	735	300
Cuba	365	135
Haiti	780	295
Jamaica	250	20
Brazil	1,450	205
Colombia	720	465
Peru	175	100
Venezuela⁹⁵	285	85
Other locations of study in Americas	1,180	335
Europe	18,820	4,155
Belgium	285	230
France	2,245	1,565
Germany	670	70
Netherlands	375	60
Switzerland	255	95
Hungary	160	20
Moldova¹⁸³	190	80
Poland	755	80
Romania	885	385
Russian Federation	1,385	220
Ukraine	995	225
Ireland⁹⁶	560	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	6,985	430
Bosnia and Herzegovina	330	140
Italy	280	55
Serbia⁸⁶	320	85
Other locations of study in Europe	2,145	410
Africa	9,755	3,785
Nigeria	1,440	65
Algeria	715	520
Morocco	790	600
Tunisia	330	240
Egypt	1,870	170
South Africa, Republic of	505	35
Other locations of study in Africa	4,105	2,155
Asia	32,895	3,155
Iran⁸⁸	1,625	125
Iraq	875	85
Israel	405	30
Lebanon	1,850	585
Syria⁸⁹	1,110	150
Turkey	715	60
China⁹⁰	5,820	610
Taiwan	215	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	185	10
Japan	495	70
Korea, South⁹²	870	105
Philippines	4,625	670
Viet Nam	445	10
Bangladesh	935	30
Sri Lanka	365	25
India	7,625	250
Pakistan	1,530	35
Other locations of study in Asia	3,205	290
Oceania	1,495	115
Australia	1,245	75
New Zealand	250	35
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	834,135	233,135
In the labour force	549,990	155,310
Employed	493,140	140,945
Unemployed	56,845	14,370
Not in the labour force	284,150	77,825
Participation rate	65.9	66.6
Employment rate	59.1	60.5
Unemployment rate	10.3	9.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	834,135	233,135
Did not work¹⁸⁶	285,610	77,895
Worked	548,525	155,240
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	321,175	90,535
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	227,350	64,705
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	549,985	155,315
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	14,025	3,550
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	535,960	151,760
Employee	470,435	137,405
Permanent position	386,980	113,505
Temporary position	83,450	23,900
Fixed term (1 year or more)	30,765	8,915
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	52,685	14,985
Self-employed¹⁹²	65,530	14,355
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	549,985	155,315
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	14,025	3,550
All occupations¹⁹¹	535,960	151,760
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	8,485	2,120
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	109,065	34,620
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	81,345	13,405
3 Health occupations	39,930	10,850
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	95,710	26,845
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20,320	4,930
6 Sales and service occupations	114,705	35,390
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	54,825	20,130
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,320	1,395
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	6,280	2,075
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	549,985	155,315
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	14,025	3,550
All industries¹⁹¹	535,960	151,760
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,455	635
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	550	280
22 Utilities	1,605	675
23 Construction	28,080	11,305
31-33 Manufacturing	16,225	4,135
41 Wholesale trade	10,925	1,955
44-45 Retail trade	53,365	15,795
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	18,585	4,825
51 Information and cultural industries	12,790	2,145
52 Finance and insurance	18,410	3,620
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	8,765	1,950
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	61,835	8,100
55 Management of companies and enterprises	840	95
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	22,300	6,970
61 Educational services	42,010	12,630
62 Health care and social assistance	62,860	19,415
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	9,670	2,740
72 Accommodation and food services	27,965	8,020
81 Other services (except public administration)	20,510	5,740
91 Public administration	116,235	40,725
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	583,615	164,955
English	437,365	29,690
French	13,590	62,455
Non-official language	2,245	385
Indigenous³⁹	0	0
Non-Indigenous	2,245	385
English and French	115,695	70,105
English and non-official language(s)	11,465	670
French and non-official language(s)	165	280
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,015	1,360
Multiple non-official languages	75	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	583,615	164,955
Single responses	562,790	151,065
Official languages	558,345	150,340
English	532,150	56,215
French	26,195	94,125
Non-official languages	4,445	725
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	25
Algonquian languages	0	25
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	25
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	25
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	25
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	20	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,425	700
Afro-Asiatic languages	795	105
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	55	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	55	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	745	105
Amharic	10	0
Arabic	730	105
Aramaic languages	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Hebrew	10	0
Tigrigna	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	180	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0
Vietnamese	175	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austronesian languages	60	0
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	0
Indonesian	20	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Creole languages	25	20
Haitian Creole	25	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	0
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	15	0
Tamil	10	0
Telugu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,365	330
Albanian	0	0
Armenian	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	255	35
Baltic languages	0	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	255	35
Bulgarian	10	0
Czech	10	0
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	25	10
Russian	180	20
Serbo-Croatian	15	10
Bosnian	0	0
Croatian	0	0
Serbian	10	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	20	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	130	0
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	90	0
German	90	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	0
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	20	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	0
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	0
Swedish	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	355	0
Indo-Aryan languages	210	0
Bengali	20	0
Gujarati	15	0
Hindi	50	0
Kacchi	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	0
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	45	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	145	0
Kurdish	15	0
Pashto	0	0
Persian languages	125	0
Dari	30	0
Iranian Persian	85	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	600	290
Catalan	0	0
Italian	40	0
Portuguese	135	60
Romanian	10	0
Spanish	420	225
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	40	0
Korean	165	0
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10
Lingala	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Swahili	10	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sign languages	40	15
American Sign Language	35	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,550	165
Chinese languages	1,540	165
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	1,085	160
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	435	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0
Burmese	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10
Lao	0	0
Thai	40	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	95	0
Azerbaijani	0	0
Turkish	95	0
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	20	0
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	0
Hungarian	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	20,825	13,890
English and French	18,230	13,520
English and non-official language(s)	2,210	165
French and non-official language(s)	95	85
English, French and non-official language(s)	280	125
Multiple non-official languages	15	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	583,615	164,955
None	473,205	106,045
English	14,330	31,350
French	85,670	25,845
Non-official language	7,275	760
Indigenous³⁹	185	10
Non-Indigenous	7,085	745
English and French	100	60
English and non-official language(s)	225	400
French and non-official language(s)	1,885	445
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	920	50
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	493,140	140,945
Worked at home	215,705	45,075
Worked outside Canada	1,745	210
No fixed workplace address	43,070	15,495
Usual place of work	232,625	80,165
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	232,625	80,165
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	219,180	55,430
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,025	3,290
Commute to a different province or territory	6,420	21,445
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	275,700	95,655
Car, truck or van	211,755	77,880
Car, truck or van - as a driver	190,190	71,625
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	21,565	6,260
Public transit	31,015	10,260
Walked	19,395	4,240
Bicycle	4,260	1,115
Other method	9,265	2,155
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	275,700	95,655
Less than 15 minutes	74,060	26,885
15 to 29 minutes	116,260	36,470
30 to 44 minutes	55,365	20,640
45 to 59 minutes	15,975	6,640
60 minutes and over	14,030	5,025
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	275,700	95,655
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,400	7,160
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	48,325	20,360
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	71,860	28,310
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	60,385	17,710
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	37,570	9,115
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	43,155	13,010
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	206,290	63,225
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	72,675	14,605
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	133,615	48,625
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	153,795	46,370
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55,250	10,810
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	41,170	7,300
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	14,085	3,510
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	98,550	35,560

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 23, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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