Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Brockville, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	22,116
Population, 2016¹	21,569^r
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.5
Total private dwellings²	11,088
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	10,647
Population density per square kilometre	1,057.8
Land area in square kilometres	20.91
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	22,115
0 to 14 years	2,660
0 to 4 years	795
5 to 9 years	865
10 to 14 years	1,005
15 to 64 years	12,840
15 to 19 years	1,060
20 to 24 years	1,165
25 to 29 years	1,180
30 to 34 years	1,210
35 to 39 years	1,055
40 to 44 years	1,070
45 to 49 years	1,205
50 to 54 years	1,330
55 to 59 years	1,680
60 to 64 years	1,885
65 years and over	6,620
65 to 69 years	1,670
70 to 74 years	1,700
75 to 79 years	1,250
80 to 84 years	1,050
85 years and over	950
85 to 89 years	625
90 to 94 years	250
95 to 99 years	60
100 years and over	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.0
15 to 64 years	58.1
65 years and over	29.9
85 years and over	4.3
Average age of the population	48.3
Median age of the population	51.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	10,650
Single-detached house	5,055
Semi-detached house	955
Row house	820
Apartment or flat in a duplex	95
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,950
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	685
Other single-attached house	80
Movable dwelling⁴	0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	10,650
1 person	4,110
2 persons	4,045
3 persons	1,240
4 persons	850
5 or more persons	400
Number of persons in private households	21,515
Average household size	2.0
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	19,455
Married or living common-law	9,825
Married	7,675
Living common-law	2,150
Living common law - Never married	1,325
Living common law - Separated	165
Living common law - Divorced	555
Living common law - Widowed	105
Not married and not living common-law	9,630
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,175
Not married and not living common law - Separated	810
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,880
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,765
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,145
2 persons	3,960
3 persons	1,150
4 persons	765
5 or more persons	275
Average size of census families	2.6
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,145
Total couple families	4,785
Married couples	3,705
With children⁶	1,295
Without children	2,415
Common-law couples	1,080
With children⁶	410
Without children	665
Total one-parent families	1,365
in which the parent is a woman+	1,095
in which the parent is a man+	270
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	21,520
Total - Persons in census families	15,905
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,560
Parents in one-parent families	1,365
Children⁶	4,975
In a two-parent family	2,965
In a one-parent family	2,015
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,610
Living alone	4,110
Living with other relatives⁷	435
Living with non-relatives only	1,065
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	10,645
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,595
Couple-family households	4,470
With children⁶	1,570
Without children	2,900
One-parent-family households	1,120
Multigenerational households⁸	170
Multiple-census-family households⁹	30
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	240
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	500
One-person households	4,110
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	18,860
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,325
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,330
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,540
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,205
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,990
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,555
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,120
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	18,860
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,305
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,305
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,440
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,205
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,015
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,635
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,165
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,035
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	18,860
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,750
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,500
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,900
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	52.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	18,860
Without total income	530
With total income	18,330
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,190
$10,000 to $19,999	2,580
$20,000 to $29,999	3,390
$30,000 to $39,999	2,805
$40,000 to $49,999	2,295
$50,000 to $59,999	1,775
$60,000 to $69,999	1,160
$70,000 to $79,999	890
$80,000 to $89,999	595
$90,000 to $99,999	465
$100,000 and over	1,190
$100,000 to $149,999	855
$150,000 and over	330
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	18,860
Without after-tax income	525
With after-tax income	18,335
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,265
$10,000 to $19,999	2,675
$20,000 to $29,999	3,855
$30,000 to $39,999	3,220
$40,000 to $49,999	2,570
$50,000 to $59,999	1,590
$60,000 to $69,999	1,145
$70,000 to $79,999	665
$80,000 to $89,999	520
$90,000 to $99,999	275
$100,000 and over	545
$100,000 to $124,999	280
$125,000 and over	265
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	18,860
Without employment income	7,655
With employment income	11,205
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,090
$5,000 to $9,999	935
$10,000 to $19,999	1,430
$20,000 to $29,999	1,180
$30,000 to $39,999	1,160
$40,000 to $49,999	1,035
$50,000 to $59,999	885
$60,000 to $69,999	555
$70,000 to $79,999	465
$80,000 to $89,999	355
$90,000 to $99,999	370
$100,000 and over	745
$100,000 to $124,999	410
$125,000 and over	330
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	18,860
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,090
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,100
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,380
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,295
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,440
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,205
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	18,860
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,110
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,115
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,245
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,205
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,495
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,290
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,175
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	18,860
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,710
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,225
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	78.8
Employment income (%)	56.6
Government transfers (%)	21.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	10,650
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	57,600
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,110
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,540
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	10,645
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,400
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,110
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,320
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,640
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,535
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,900
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,200
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	10,650
Under $5,000	80
$5,000 to $9,999	60
$10,000 to $14,999	150
$15,000 to $19,999	380
$20,000 to $24,999	615
$25,000 to $29,999	575
$30,000 to $34,999	525
$35,000 to $39,999	550
$40,000 to $44,999	575
$45,000 to $49,999	520
$50,000 to $59,999	975
$60,000 to $69,999	875
$70,000 to $79,999	765
$80,000 to $89,999	685
$90,000 to $99,999	560
$100,000 and over	2,755
$100,000 to $124,999	1,020
$125,000 to $149,999	665
$150,000 to $199,999	630
$200,000 and over	435
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	10,650
Under $5,000	95
$5,000 to $9,999	60
$10,000 to $14,999	155
$15,000 to $19,999	390
$20,000 to $24,999	650
$25,000 to $29,999	675
$30,000 to $34,999	610
$35,000 to $39,999	630
$40,000 to $44,999	650
$45,000 to $49,999	575
$50,000 to $59,999	1,085
$60,000 to $69,999	965
$70,000 to $79,999	865
$80,000 to $89,999	660
$90,000 to $99,999	560
$100,000 and over	2,025
$100,000 to $124,999	945
$125,000 to $149,999	485
$150,000 and over	600
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,140
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,000
Average family size of economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,935
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,730
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,305
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,175
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,150
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,100
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,965
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,600
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,300
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,715
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,700
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,320
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,300
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,900
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,190
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	21,515
0 to 17 years	3,305
0 to 5 years	975
18 to 64 years	12,015
65 years and over	6,195
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,150
0 to 17 years	595
0 to 5 years	200
18 to 64 years	1,675
65 years and over	880
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.6
0 to 17 years (%)	18.0
0 to 5 years (%)	20.6
18 to 64 years (%)	13.9
65 years and over (%)	14.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	21,520
0 to 17 years	3,305
0 to 5 years	975
18 to 64 years	12,015
65 years and over	6,200
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	900
0 to 17 years	120
0 to 5 years	40
18 to 64 years	710
65 years and over	70
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	4.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.9
65 years and over (%)	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	21,515
In bottom half of the distribution	13,125
In bottom decile	2,890
In second decile	2,920
In third decile	2,585
In fourth decile	2,570
In fifth decile	2,165
In top half of the distribution	8,395
In sixth decile	2,020
In seventh decile	1,950
In eighth decile	1,675
In ninth decile	1,580
In top decile	1,170
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	21,520
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.321
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.484
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.284
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	21,805
English only	19,450
French only	15
English and French	2,275
Neither English nor French	65
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	21,805
English	21,135
French	565
English and French	45
Neither English nor French	55
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	21,805
Single responses	21,485
Official languages	20,245
English	19,655
French	590
Non-official languages	1,240
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,235
Afro-Asiatic languages	75
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	75
Amharic	0
Arabic	65
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	45
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	5
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	40
Kannada	0
Malayalam	15
Tamil	20
Telugu	5
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	830
Albanian	0
Armenian	5
Balto-Slavic languages	110
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	110
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	10
Macedonian	0
Polish	50
Russian	15
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	15
Bosnian	0
Croatian	5
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	260
Frisian	5
High German languages	95
German	90
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	150
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	145
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	5
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5
Greek	45
Indo-Iranian languages	260
Indo-Aryan languages	235
Assamese	0
Bengali	10
Gujarati	40
Hindi	25
Kacchi	5
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	5
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15
Urdu	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	25
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	20
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	145
Catalan	0
Italian	30
Portuguese	20
Romanian	15
Spanish	85
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	5
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	5
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120
Chinese languages	120
Hakka	5
Mandarin	70
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	10
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	25
Estonian	5
Finnish	5
Hungarian	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	320
English and French	160
English and non-official language(s)	140
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	21,805
English	20,285
French	110
Non-official language	265
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	265
English and French	350
English and non-official language(s)	690
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	60
Multiple non-official languages	30
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	21,805
Single responses	21,600
Official languages	21,055
English	20,890
French	170
Non-official languages	540
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	540
Afro-Asiatic languages	60
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	55
Amharic	0
Arabic	50
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	25
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	35
Kannada	0
Malayalam	5
Tamil	10
Telugu	10
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	280
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	20
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	5
Macedonian	0
Polish	10
Russian	5
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	10
Frisian	0
High German languages	5
German	5
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	15
Indo-Iranian languages	175
Indo-Aryan languages	160
Assamese	0
Bengali	5
Gujarati	40
Hindi	20
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	15
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	5
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55
Catalan	0
Italian	5
Portuguese	5
Romanian	5
Spanish	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85
Chinese languages	85
Hakka	0
Mandarin	45
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	210
English and French	80
English and non-official language(s)	120
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	21,805
None	20,850
English	230
French	235
Non-official language	370
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	370
English and French	10
English and non-official language(s)	45
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	40
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	21,520
Official languages	21,450
English	21,450
French	2,215
Non-official languages	1,880
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,880
Afro-Asiatic languages	225
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	225
Amharic	0
Arabic	225
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	140
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	10
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	85
Kannada	0
Malayalam	10
Tamil	65
Telugu	10
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,245
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	180
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	175
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	10
Macedonian	0
Polish	50
Russian	55
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	40
Bosnian	0
Croatian	35
Serbian	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	410
Frisian	10
High German languages	195
German	195
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	215
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	215
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	15
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	45
Indo-Iranian languages	280
Indo-Aryan languages	265
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	25
Hindi	100
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	155
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15
Urdu	70
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	15
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	15
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	365
Catalan	0
Italian	40
Portuguese	55
Romanian	0
Spanish	285
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	20
Korean	25
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	20
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	10
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	40
American Sign Language	35
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	140
Chinese languages	140
Hakka	0
Mandarin	110
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	20
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	21,515
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	890
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	860
First Nations (North American Indian)	510
Métis	345
Inuk (Inuit)	10
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20
Non-Indigenous identity	20,630
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	21,515
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	155
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	21,365
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	10,645
Owner	6,080
Renter	4,565
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	10,645
Condominium	1,150
Not condominium	9,495
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	10,645
No bedrooms	65
1 bedroom	1,425
2 bedrooms	3,750
3 bedrooms	3,505
4 or more bedrooms	1,900
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	10,645
1 to 4 rooms	3,250
5 rooms	1,750
6 rooms	1,610
7 rooms	1,395
8 or more rooms	2,645
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	10,645
One person or fewer per room	10,585
More than one person per room	55
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	10,645
Suitable	10,260
Not suitable	385
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	10,645
1960 or before	4,135
1961 to 1980	3,490
1981 to 1990	1,210
1991 to 2000	750
2001 to 2005	275
2006 to 2010	220
2011 to 2015	240
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	320
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	10,645
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	9,815
Major repairs needed	835
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	10,645
One-maintainer household	6,325
Two-maintainer household	4,055
Three-or-more-maintainer household	265
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	10,645
15 to 24 years	290
25 to 34 years	1,120
35 to 44 years	1,270
45 to 54 years	1,460
55 to 64 years	2,215
65 to 74 years	2,200
75 to 84 years	1,475
85 years and over	625
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	10,615
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	8,265
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,355
30% to less than 100%	2,215
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	10,645
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,185
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,065
Not suitable only	235
Major repairs needed only	510
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	50
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	225
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10
Acceptable housing	7,460
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	10,480
In core need	1,255
Not in core need	9,225
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,085
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.8
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.1
% in core housing need⁶³	3.9
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,095
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	353,200
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,565
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.8
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.3
% in core housing need⁶³	23.1
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,014
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	21,520
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	205
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	205
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	165
Métis single ancestry	45
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,160
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,125
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	875
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	245
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	20,150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	21,520
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	20,925
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,175
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	17,755
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	595
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	21,520
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	19,135
Immigrants⁸¹	2,295
Before 1980	1,100
1980 to 1990	255
1991 to 2000	260
2001 to 2010	320
2011 to 2021⁸²	360
2011 to 2015	125
2016 to 2021	235
Non-permanent residents⁸³	90
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,300
Under 5 years	280
5 to 14 years	500
15 to 24 years	550
25 to 44 years	850
45 years and over	120
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,300
Americas	430
Brazil	25
Colombia	0
El Salvador	20
Guyana	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	10
Mexico	10
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	25
United States of America	255
Other places of birth in Americas	85
Europe	1,135
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	15
France	25
Germany	95
Greece	15
Hungary	15
Italy	20
Netherlands	230
Poland	35
Portugal	0
Romania	15
Russian Federation	20
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	30
United Kingdom⁸⁷	520
Other places of birth in Europe	90
Africa	80
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	45
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	10
Other places of birth in Africa	20
Asia	630
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	15
Iraq	0
Lebanon	10
Syria⁸⁹	55
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	75
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Korea, South⁹²	15
Taiwan	0
Philippines	135
Viet Nam	25
Bangladesh	0
India	120
Pakistan	55
Sri Lanka	50
Other places of birth in Asia	50
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	240
Americas	75
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	60
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	15
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0
Africa	10
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	145
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	15
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	15
Philippines	40
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	45
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	21,515
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,620
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,965
Third generation or more¹⁰²	15,935
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,195
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	500
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	205
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	295
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	470
Refugees¹⁰⁸	170
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,195
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	65
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	130
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	30
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	60
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	905
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	21,515
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,395
South Asian	440
Chinese	165
Black	170
Filipino	145
Arab	175
Latin American	95
Southeast Asian	35
West Asian	35
Korean	20
Japanese	35
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30
Multiple visible minorities	55
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	20,120
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	21,520
Canadian	4,165
English	6,180
Irish	6,070
Scottish	5,350
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,780
German	2,060
Chinese	205
Italian	615
Indian (India)	275
Ukrainian	295
Dutch	1,425
Polish	450
Québécois	60
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,080
Filipino	140
French Canadian	385
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	720
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	485
Métis	320
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	295
Russian	155
Norwegian	90
Welsh	550
Portuguese	30
American	370
Spanish	110
Swedish	90
Hungarian	80
Acadian	30
Pakistani	45
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	55
Jewish	40
Punjabi	55
Vietnamese	20
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	75
Greek	110
Jamaican	55
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	35
Korean	20
Romanian	50
Lebanese	40
Iranian	60
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	75
Danish	95
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	285
Sikh	15
Austrian	75
Belgian	90
Haitian	0
Hindu	15
Mexican	15
Mennonite	0
Swiss	30
Finnish	70
Sri Lankan	45
Croatian	60
Japanese	35
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	70
Muslim	0
Egyptian	15
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10
Tamil	60
Icelandic	25
Colombian	10
Moroccan	0
Czech	25
Syrian	90
Guyanese	20
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10
Serbian	0
Ojibway	30
Newfoundlander	35
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	140
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30
Turkish	15
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	35
Nigerian	0
Armenian	0
Slovak	35
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30
Somali	0
Taiwanese	10
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	35
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25
Algonquin	50
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10
Lithuanian	25
South African	15
Australian	35
Palestinian	30
Chilean	0
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	20
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	55
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30
New Brunswicker	0
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	0
Israeli	0
Mohawk	80
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0
Bulgarian	0
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	15
African American	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0
Cuban	0
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	10
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	10
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	0
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	30
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	20
Argentinian	0
Estonian	0
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	10
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25
New Zealander	20
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	35
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	20
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	20
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	21,515
Buddhist	50
Christian	12,450
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,160
Anabaptist	0
Anglican	2,130
Baptist	255
Catholic	4,540
Christian Orthodox	90
Jehovah's Witness	140
Latter Day Saints	35
Lutheran	155
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	365
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	340
Presbyterian	535
Reformed	160
United Church	1,910
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	640
Hindu	80
Jewish	40
Muslim	250
Sikh	150
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	115
No religion and secular perspectives	8,395
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	21,415
Non-movers	18,645
Movers	2,765
Non-migrants	1,330
Migrants	1,435
Internal migrants	1,350
Intraprovincial migrants	1,190
Interprovincial migrants	155
External migrants	90
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	20,745
Non-movers	11,880
Movers	8,865
Non-migrants	3,730
Migrants	5,140
Internal migrants	4,750
Intraprovincial migrants	4,190
Interprovincial migrants	560
External migrants	390
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,860
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,700
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	15,165
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,460
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,440
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,020
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,860
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,265
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,850
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,745
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,500
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,055
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	575
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	475
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,125
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	315
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,245
Bachelor's degree	2,230
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	210
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85
Master's degree	650
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	75
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,465
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,260
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,110
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,090
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,125
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	515
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	275
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	240
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,435
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	175
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,965
Bachelor's degree	1,310
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	135
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	60
Master's degree	405
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	18,860
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,115
Education	660
13. Education	660
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	225
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35
50. Visual and performing arts	185
Humanities	490
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30
23. English language and literature/letters	105
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	75
54. History	80
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,235
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	330
22. Legal professions and studies	165
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35
42. Psychology	260
45. Social sciences	345
Business, management and public administration	1,925
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	285
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,630
Physical and life sciences and technologies	295
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	120
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	110
41. Science technologies/technicians	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	300
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	235
25. Library science	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,525
04. Architecture and related services	65
14. Engineering	275
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	540
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	220
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	310
48. Precision production	105
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	170
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	145
03. Natural resources and conservation	25
Health and related fields	2,135
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	95
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,010
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	795
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	405
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	275
49. Transportation and materials moving	105
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,465
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,375
Education	375
13. Education	375
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30
50. Visual and performing arts	90
Humanities	285
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20
23. English language and literature/letters	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	50
54. History	50
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	800
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	235
22. Legal professions and studies	125
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20
42. Psychology	125
45. Social sciences	225
Business, management and public administration	1,290
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	230
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,060
Physical and life sciences and technologies	175
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	80
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	60
41. Science technologies/technicians	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	220
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	190
25. Library science	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	800
04. Architecture and related services	40
14. Engineering	130
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	275
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	125
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	175
48. Precision production	55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	115
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95
03. Natural resources and conservation	15
Health and related fields	1,330
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	50
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,255
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	590
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	290
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	225
49. Transportation and materials moving	75
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,465
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,375
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,090
Location of study inside Canada	5,535
Same as province or territory of residence	5,050
Different than province or territory of residence	485
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	555
Americas	220
United States of America	180
Mexico	0
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	20
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	15
Europe	100
Belgium	0
France	0
Germany	0
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	20
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15
Africa	40
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	30
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0
Asia	200
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	15
Taiwan	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Philippines	75
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	10
India	45
Pakistan	30
Other locations of study in Asia	10
Oceania	0
Australia	0
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	18,860
In the labour force	9,780
Employed	8,365
Unemployed	1,415
Not in the labour force	9,080
Participation rate	51.9
Employment rate	44.4
Unemployment rate	14.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	18,860
Did not work¹⁸⁶	9,165
Worked	9,695
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,870
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,825
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	9,780
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	315
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,465
Employee	8,295
Permanent position	6,780
Temporary position	1,520
Fixed term (1 year or more)	475
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,045
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,170
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	9,780
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	315
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,465
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	85
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,300
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	545
3 Health occupations	1,005
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,145
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	210
6 Sales and service occupations	2,835
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,455
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	225
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	660
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	9,780
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	315
All industries¹⁹¹	9,465
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	125
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15
22 Utilities	35
23 Construction	635
31-33 Manufacturing	1,045
41 Wholesale trade	175
44-45 Retail trade	1,500
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	395
51 Information and cultural industries	125
52 Finance and insurance	185
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	170
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	445
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	470
61 Educational services	670
62 Health care and social assistance	1,715
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	175
72 Accommodation and food services	770
81 Other services (except public administration)	335
91 Public administration	465
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,465
English	10,160
French	35
Non-official language	10
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	10
English and French	215
English and non-official language(s)	40
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,465
Single responses	10,440
Official languages	10,425
English	10,345
French	75
Non-official languages	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	10
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10
Chinese languages	10
Hakka	0
Mandarin	10
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	25
English and French	20
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,465
None	10,235
English	45
French	155
Non-official language	25
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	25
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	8,365
Worked at home	1,230
Worked outside Canada	30
No fixed workplace address	970
Usual place of work	6,135
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,135
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,365
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,140
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	610
Commute to a different province or territory	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,105
Car, truck or van	6,270
Car, truck or van - as a driver	5,565
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	705
Public transit	65
Walked	545
Bicycle	50
Other method	175
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,105
Less than 15 minutes	4,560
15 to 29 minutes	1,385
30 to 44 minutes	480
45 to 59 minutes	255
60 minutes and over	425
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,105
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	515
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,380
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,895
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,370
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	855
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,100
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,375
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	445
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,930
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,535
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	340
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	235
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	100
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,200

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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