Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kingston, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision] Remove	OntarioMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	132,485	14,223,942
Population, 2016¹	123,798	13,448,494
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.0	5.8
Total private dwellings²	63,095	5,929,250
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	57,836	5,491,201
Population density per square kilometre	293.4	15.9
Land area in square kilometres	451.58	892,411.76
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	132,485	14,223,945
0 to 14 years	18,730	2,251,795
0 to 4 years	5,820	683,515
5 to 9 years	6,300	764,430
10 to 14 years	6,610	803,850
15 to 64 years	85,855	9,334,440
15 to 19 years	7,180	801,455
20 to 24 years	10,045	895,600
25 to 29 years	10,275	975,400
30 to 34 years	9,490	981,210
35 to 39 years	8,400	948,030
40 to 44 years	7,750	890,160
45 to 49 years	7,115	894,580
50 to 54 years	7,700	941,270
55 to 59 years	9,175	1,040,160
60 to 64 years	8,720	966,575
65 years and over	27,900	2,637,710
65 to 69 years	7,875	813,215
70 to 74 years	7,090	691,280
75 to 79 years	5,220	469,485
80 to 84 years	3,700	325,110
85 years and over	4,020	338,620
85 to 89 years	2,420	205,480
90 to 94 years	1,180	101,430
95 to 99 years	355	28,000
100 years and over	65	3,705
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	15.8
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.6
65 years and over	21.1	18.5
85 years and over	3.0	2.4
Average age of the population	42.7	41.8
Median age of the population	41.2	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	57,840	5,491,200
Single-detached house	27,790	2,942,990
Semi-detached house	4,255	303,260
Row house	4,005	505,265
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,330	181,030
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,410	548,785
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	9,745	984,665
Other single-attached house	110	10,220
Movable dwelling⁴	190	14,985
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	57,835	5,491,205
1 person	19,055	1,452,540
2 persons	20,950	1,798,040
3 persons	7,960	872,480
4 persons	6,550	825,445
5 or more persons	3,320	542,700
Number of persons in private households	129,110	14,031,750
Average household size	2.2	2.6
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	113,755	11,972,145
Married or living common-law	59,885	6,769,725
Married	46,585	5,738,390
Living common-law	13,300	1,031,340
Living common law - Never married	9,770	727,825
Living common law - Separated	625	55,440
Living common law - Divorced	2,560	220,445
Living common law - Widowed	350	27,625
Not married and not living common-law	53,865	5,202,420
Not married and not living common law - Never married	35,605	3,515,215
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,455	333,775
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,835	695,630
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,975	657,800
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	35,615	3,969,670
2 persons	20,440	1,936,595
3 persons	7,065	877,660
4 persons	5,830	811,380
5 or more persons	2,275	344,035
Average size of census families	2.7	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	35,620	3,969,670
Total couple families	29,245	3,291,560
Married couples	22,595	2,776,165
With children⁶	10,665	1,571,480
Without children	11,930	1,204,680
Common-law couples	6,650	515,395
With children⁶	2,165	189,835
Without children	4,485	325,560
Total one-parent families	6,370	678,110
in which the parent is a woman+	5,010	538,450
in which the parent is a man+	1,360	139,660
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	129,110	14,031,750
Total - Persons in census families	97,510	11,601,460
Married spouses or common-law partners	58,490	6,583,120
Parents in one-parent families	6,370	678,110
Children⁶	32,650	4,340,235
In a two-parent family	23,195	3,281,460
In a one-parent family	9,450	1,058,775
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	31,600	2,430,295
Living alone	19,060	1,452,540
Living with other relatives⁷	2,865	388,780
Living with non-relatives only	9,680	588,970
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	57,835	5,491,200
One-census-family households without additional persons	31,790	3,347,195
Couple-family households	26,815	2,841,660
With children⁶	11,790	1,517,365
Without children	15,025	1,324,295
One-parent-family households	4,980	505,535
Multigenerational households⁸	1,115	221,120
Multiple-census-family households⁹	255	45,215
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,675	184,430
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,945	240,700
One-person households	19,055	1,452,540
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	110,400	11,782,845
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	106,615	11,294,815
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	106,645	11,300,805
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,515	10,010,415
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,505	8,153,180
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,965	10,239,835
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,400	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,360	1,054,225
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,270	3,327,770
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	110,400	11,782,820
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	106,485	11,296,770
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,750	56,350
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	106,515	11,302,690
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,160	46,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,500	10,011,345
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,040	52,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,505	8,153,185
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,640	52,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,570	10,242,610
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,760	10,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,480	1,052,985
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,520	6,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,145	3,321,155
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,850	9,300
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	110,400	11,782,825
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,540	3,865,695
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	67,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,600	82,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,720	3,112,160
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,500	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,160	28,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.8	82.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.2	67.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.2	17.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	5.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	110,400	11,782,845
Without total income	3,790	488,030
With total income	106,610	11,294,815
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,095	977,950
$10,000 to $19,999	12,995	1,383,475
$20,000 to $29,999	16,015	1,752,040
$30,000 to $39,999	14,150	1,388,215
$40,000 to $49,999	11,910	1,190,885
$50,000 to $59,999	9,655	985,270
$60,000 to $69,999	7,895	782,980
$70,000 to $79,999	6,185	612,620
$80,000 to $89,999	4,635	477,445
$90,000 to $99,999	3,680	385,830
$100,000 and over	11,395	1,358,115
$100,000 to $149,999	7,700	897,615
$150,000 and over	3,700	460,495
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	110,400	11,782,845
Without after-tax income	3,755	482,035
With after-tax income	106,645	11,300,805
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,635	1,025,995
$10,000 to $19,999	13,535	1,442,850
$20,000 to $29,999	18,105	1,967,040
$30,000 to $39,999	16,645	1,621,120
$40,000 to $49,999	13,415	1,384,490
$50,000 to $59,999	10,580	1,068,365
$60,000 to $69,999	7,805	782,135
$70,000 to $79,999	5,520	572,210
$80,000 to $89,999	4,045	457,650
$90,000 to $99,999	2,430	280,640
$100,000 and over	5,930	698,310
$100,000 to $124,999	3,030	344,450
$125,000 and over	2,900	353,860
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	110,400	11,782,845
Without employment income	34,895	3,629,670
With employment income	75,505	8,153,175
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,830	1,218,885
$5,000 to $9,999	6,375	688,670
$10,000 to $19,999	9,060	928,840
$20,000 to $29,999	6,780	696,570
$30,000 to $39,999	6,710	677,110
$40,000 to $49,999	6,045	672,005
$50,000 to $59,999	5,710	611,665
$60,000 to $69,999	4,815	519,955
$70,000 to $79,999	3,860	419,875
$80,000 to $89,999	3,075	352,235
$90,000 to $99,999	2,785	316,750
$100,000 and over	7,465	1,050,620
$100,000 to $124,999	3,595	489,720
$125,000 and over	3,865	560,895
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	110,400	11,782,845
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	104,715	11,051,405
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	104,750	11,055,345
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,440	9,877,245
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,140	8,159,090
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,705	9,643,335
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,640	2,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,415	723,990
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	110,400	11,782,820
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,660	11,053,285
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,000	53,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,715	11,057,080
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,880	44,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,475	9,878,270
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,000	53,250
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,040	8,160,870
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,560	52,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,460	9,644,415
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,760	7,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,475	725,250
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,000	7,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	110,400	11,782,825
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,300	3,830,200
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	62,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,300	77,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,220	2,925,680
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,960	34,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.8	88.4
Employment income (%)	65.0	72.4
Government transfers (%)	13.3	11.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	57,835	5,491,205
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	91,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500	79,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	19,055	1,452,540
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	43,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	39,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	38,780	4,038,660
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	111,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	97,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	57,835	5,491,200
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,900	116,000
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,200	95,300
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	19,065	1,451,915
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,400	57,200
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,440	47,320
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	38,770	4,039,285
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,800	137,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,200	112,500
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	57,835	5,491,200
Under $5,000	680	61,515
$5,000 to $9,999	390	30,860
$10,000 to $14,999	955	63,360
$15,000 to $19,999	1,325	96,980
$20,000 to $24,999	2,180	186,250
$25,000 to $29,999	2,140	168,345
$30,000 to $34,999	2,020	158,810
$35,000 to $39,999	2,190	175,890
$40,000 to $44,999	2,355	182,900
$45,000 to $49,999	2,305	182,945
$50,000 to $59,999	4,445	370,350
$60,000 to $69,999	4,255	364,585
$70,000 to $79,999	4,060	350,520
$80,000 to $89,999	3,660	332,395
$90,000 to $99,999	3,335	310,400
$100,000 and over	21,540	2,455,095
$100,000 to $124,999	6,485	662,625
$125,000 to $149,999	4,675	500,495
$150,000 to $199,999	5,555	630,420
$200,000 and over	4,820	661,550
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	57,835	5,491,200
Under $5,000	750	69,645
$5,000 to $9,999	405	32,100
$10,000 to $14,999	965	65,025
$15,000 to $19,999	1,365	101,865
$20,000 to $24,999	2,330	197,995
$25,000 to $29,999	2,430	190,225
$30,000 to $34,999	2,405	183,505
$35,000 to $39,999	2,635	204,300
$40,000 to $44,999	2,640	215,785
$45,000 to $49,999	2,725	217,105
$50,000 to $59,999	5,255	440,280
$60,000 to $69,999	4,890	430,860
$70,000 to $79,999	4,510	409,865
$80,000 to $89,999	4,035	385,295
$90,000 to $99,999	3,400	343,595
$100,000 and over	17,100	2,003,770
$100,000 to $124,999	6,470	685,485
$125,000 to $149,999	4,310	472,130
$150,000 and over	6,315	846,155
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	35,550	3,875,790
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	111,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	96,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,400	1,361,615
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	95,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	83,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,960	1,770,030
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	141,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	121,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,995	610,815
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	73,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	67,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	28,735	2,041,505
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	35,515	3,873,665
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,400	137,200
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,800	112,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,345	1,359,275
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,400	119,500
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,100	97,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,070	1,773,005
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	168,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,200	136,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,915	607,780
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,900	87,100
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,600	76,100
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	28,705	2,039,230
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,440	51,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,160	43,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	129,115	14,031,755
0 to 17 years	22,515	2,726,265
0 to 5 years	7,105	831,185
18 to 64 years	80,410	8,795,220
65 years and over	26,190	2,510,270
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,555	1,420,525
0 to 17 years	2,550	314,150
0 to 5 years	865	102,930
18 to 64 years	9,425	803,215
65 years and over	2,575	303,160
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.3	10.1
0 to 17 years (%)	11.3	11.5
0 to 5 years (%)	12.1	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	11.7	9.1
65 years and over (%)	9.8	12.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	129,110	13,977,120
0 to 17 years	22,520	2,709,120
0 to 5 years	7,105	825,865
18 to 64 years	80,405	8,763,785
65 years and over	26,185	2,504,220
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,845	738,795
0 to 17 years	795	126,035
0 to 5 years	265	39,415
18 to 64 years	6,645	541,410
65 years and over	405	71,350
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.1	5.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.5	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	3.8	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	6.2
65 years and over (%)	1.6	2.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	129,110	14,031,755
In bottom half of the distribution	64,745	6,516,085
In bottom decile	14,890	1,318,120
In second decile	12,810	1,283,940
In third decile	12,385	1,292,030
In fourth decile	12,325	1,296,710
In fifth decile	12,340	1,325,280
In top half of the distribution	64,365	7,515,670
In sixth decile	12,420	1,365,960
In seventh decile	12,490	1,415,070
In eighth decile	13,225	1,482,300
In ninth decile	13,340	1,581,535
In top decile	12,895	1,670,800
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	129,110	14,031,755
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.337	0.357
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.448	0.470
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.294	0.308
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	3.9
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	129,830	14,099,790
English only	111,430	12,196,575
French only	190	39,310
English and French	17,430	1,519,365
Neither English nor French	780	344,545
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	129,830	14,099,790
English	124,345	13,179,535
French	4,120	484,425
English and French	620	98,270
Neither English nor French	745	337,560
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	129,830	14,099,790
Single responses	126,730	13,430,605
Official languages	111,640	9,642,770
English	107,590	9,179,655
French	4,055	463,120
Non-official languages	15,090	3,787,835
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	14,475
Algonquian languages	25	13,545
Blackfoot	0	5
Cree-Innu languages	20	2,815
Atikamekw	0	10
Cree languages	20	2,800
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	10	125
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	60
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	550
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	35
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	50
Cree, n.o.s.	5	1,975
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	70
Mi'kmaq	0	60
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	10,645
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	35
Oji-Cree	0	4,240
Ojibway languages	5	6,365
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	280
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	65
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	25
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	6,000
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Athabaskan languages	0	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	30
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	15
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	5
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	510
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	5
Inuvialuktun	0	5
Inuktitut	0	505
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Iroquoian languages	5	270
Cayuga	0	35
Mohawk	5	190
Oneida	0	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	20
Salish languages	0	10
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	10
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	5
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Tsimshian languages	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	65
Non-Indigenous languages	15,050	3,773,365
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,380	310,765
Berber languages	5	855
Kabyle	5	580
Tamazight	0	215
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	60
Chadic languages	0	635
Hausa	0	560
Mina	0	70
Coptic	0	535
Cushitic languages	40	27,575
Bilen	0	930
Oromo	5	1,540
Somali	40	24,700
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	405
Semitic languages	1,330	281,160
Amharic	30	12,490
Arabic	1,225	214,230
Aramaic languages	5	24,105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	15,665
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	7,480
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	960
Harari	0	970
Hebrew	20	11,630
Maltese	5	4,120
Tigrigna	30	13,360
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	255
Austro-Asiatic languages	305	84,300
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	7,065
Vietnamese	235	77,085
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	140
Austronesian languages	645	208,395
Bikol	0	685
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	2,735
Cebuano	20	5,900
Fijian	0	40
Hiligaynon	10	3,775
Ilocano	50	14,680
Indonesian	10	5,440
Kankanaey	0	375
Kinaray-a	0	275
Malagasy languages	0	125
Merina	0	30
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	95
Malay	5	540
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	1,910
Pangasinan	0	750
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	520	168,845
Waray-Waray	5	590
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	1,710
Creole languages	45	11,690
Haitian Creole	15	5,160
Jamaican English Creole	0	435
Krio	0	290
Morisyen	10	1,990
Sango	0	45
Creole, n.o.s.	10	2,690
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	1,080
Dravidian languages	490	185,145
Kannada	10	4,335
Malayalam	290	32,805
Tamil	120	126,640
Telugu	65	20,715
Tulu	0	415
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	235
Georgian	0	1,650
Hmong-Mien languages	0	480
Indo-European languages	8,725	2,119,610
Albanian	35	20,720
Armenian	25	14,680
Balto-Slavic languages	1,135	377,895
Baltic languages	40	7,425
Latvian	20	3,050
Lithuanian	15	4,370
Slavic languages	1,100	370,475
Belarusian	5	440
Bulgarian	30	8,565
Czech	90	9,060
Macedonian	20	13,620
Polish	390	106,275
Russian	290	104,310
Rusyn	0	225
Serbo-Croatian	105	77,145
Bosnian	10	7,140
Croatian	30	28,385
Serbian	45	40,465
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	1,160
Slovak	35	8,675
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5,520
Ukrainian	135	36,340
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	285
Celtic languages	10	795
Irish	5	225
Scottish Gaelic	0	170
Welsh	5	320
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	80
Germanic languages	1,360	167,265
Frisian	15	970
High German languages	725	102,915
German	690	89,075
Pennsylvania German	0	8,895
Swiss German	25	2,390
Yiddish	5	2,555
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	510	56,725
Afrikaans	35	2,865
Dutch	460	41,240
Low German, n.o.s.	0	1,930
Low Saxon	0	440
Plautdietsch	5	8,610
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	1,630
Scandinavian languages	105	6,440
Danish	75	3,370
Icelandic	0	175
Norwegian	5	800
Swedish	25	2,090
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	225
Greek	290	47,970
Indo-Iranian languages	2,725	884,995
Indo-Aryan languages	2,085	715,085
Assamese	0	325
Bengali	240	54,990
Gujarati	415	95,785
Hindi	335	87,035
Kacchi	10	3,880
Kashmiri	0	460
Konkani	10	2,595
Marathi	25	9,460
Nepali	50	12,430
Oriya languages	0	1,325
Odia	0	830
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	490
Punjabi (Panjabi)	525	260,075
Rohingya	0	290
Sindhi	15	2,670
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	11,040
Urdu	425	170,955
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	1,760
Iranian languages	640	169,765
Baluchi	0	335
Kurdish	45	9,120
Parsi	0	330
Pashto	30	12,780
Persian languages	550	146,700
Dari	55	34,340
Iranian Persian	455	97,135
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	15,230
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	495
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	145
Italic (Romance) languages	3,135	605,070
Catalan	10	285
Italian	480	194,125
Portuguese	1,460	153,750
Romanian	110	38,955
Spanish	1,075	217,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	710
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	205
Japanese	85	12,880
Korean	510	75,220
Mongolian	0	535
Niger-Congo languages	215	42,470
Akan (Twi)	30	9,325
Bamanankan	0	185
Edo	0	1,165
Éwé	5	485
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	480
Ga	0	510
Ganda	5	1,195
Gikuyu	0	460
Igbo	15	2,385
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	1,920
Lingala	0	825
Luba-Kasai	0	135
Mòoré	0	60
Mwani	5	345
Ndebele	0	335
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	2,705
Shona	15	1,580
Soninke	0	195
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	230
Swahili	45	6,445
Wojenaka	0	60
Wolof	0	460
Yoruba	20	7,335
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	3,655
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	1,935
Dinka	0	325
Nuer	0	320
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	1,125
African, n.o.s.	0	165
Sign languages	40	2,775
American Sign Language	35	2,360
Quebec Sign Language	0	35
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,195	632,250
Chinese languages	2,180	621,980
Hakka	10	6,215
Mandarin	1,630	327,470
Min Dong	0	1,015
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	10,290
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	4,190
Yue (Cantonese)	445	267,425
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	5,080
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	300
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10,000
Burmese	5	1,540
Kuki-Chin languages	0	440
Karenic languages	5	1,765
S'gaw Karen	5	1,530
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	235
Tibetan	0	5,785
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	460
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	275
Tai-Kadai languages	35	8,265
Lao	5	4,570
Thai	30	3,535
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	165
Turkic languages	195	32,270
Azerbaijani	15	2,870
Kazakh	0	255
Turkish	170	26,740
Uyghur	0	720
Uzbek	0	1,080
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	610
Uralic languages	190	42,270
Estonian	20	3,450
Finnish	50	7,650
Hungarian	120	31,170
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	460
Multiple responses	3,100	669,185
English and French	1,055	96,260
English and non-official language(s)	1,690	494,610
French and non-official language(s)	105	15,710
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	16,770
Multiple non-official languages	155	45,835
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	129,830	14,099,790
English	111,065	9,630,975
French	1,205	188,560
Non-official language	3,460	1,124,950
Indigenous³⁹	0	2,630
Non-Indigenous	3,460	1,122,315
English and French	3,050	274,675
English and non-official language(s)	9,925	2,647,980
French and non-official language(s)	80	14,065
English, French and non-official language(s)	775	117,430
Multiple non-official languages	275	101,145
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	129,830	14,099,790
Single responses	127,310	13,384,695
Official languages	120,130	11,165,425
English	118,335	10,910,560
French	1,800	254,870
Non-official languages	7,180	2,219,265
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5,710
Algonquian languages	0	5,430
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	1,230
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	1,220
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	30
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	15
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	135
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	15
Cree, n.o.s.	0	1,015
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	20
Mi'kmaq	0	20
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	4,185
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	5
Oji-Cree	0	1,985
Ojibway languages	0	2,195
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	95
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	25
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	2,070
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	15
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	5
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	10
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	150
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	150
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	75
Cayuga	0	10
Mohawk	5	50
Oneida	0	15
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	15
Salish languages	0	5
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	5
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	5
Non-Indigenous languages	7,170	2,213,555
Afro-Asiatic languages	850	181,660
Berber languages	0	365
Kabyle	0	220
Tamazight	0	100
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	45
Chadic languages	0	355
Hausa	0	325
Mina	0	30
Coptic	0	255
Cushitic languages	30	16,105
Bilen	0	800
Oromo	0	840
Somali	30	14,230
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	230
Semitic languages	815	164,590
Amharic	15	6,405
Arabic	775	124,865
Aramaic languages	5	18,120
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	11,870
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	5,550
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	705
Harari	0	515
Hebrew	0	4,925
Maltese	0	770
Tigrigna	10	8,870
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	120
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	55,990
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	3,855
Vietnamese	130	52,080
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	55
Austronesian languages	275	115,225
Bikol	0	255
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	1,355
Cebuano	0	3,140
Fijian	0	20
Hiligaynon	5	1,960
Ilocano	30	8,105
Indonesian	0	1,990
Kankanaey	0	210
Kinaray-a	0	110
Malagasy languages	0	45
Merina	0	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	35
Malay	0	130
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	990
Pangasinan	0	250
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	215	95,635
Waray-Waray	0	230
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	785
Creole languages	5	6,165
Haitian Creole	0	2,640
Jamaican English Creole	0	195
Krio	0	140
Morisyen	0	1,425
Sango	0	30
Creole, n.o.s.	0	1,325
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	420
Dravidian languages	305	129,245
Kannada	5	2,165
Malayalam	190	20,855
Tamil	60	93,165
Telugu	50	12,805
Tulu	0	145
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	110
Georgian	0	1,040
Hmong-Mien languages	0	185
Indo-European languages	3,615	1,136,460
Albanian	10	9,880
Armenian	20	8,590
Balto-Slavic languages	360	181,290
Baltic languages	10	1,640
Latvian	0	535
Lithuanian	0	1,105
Slavic languages	350	179,650
Belarusian	0	145
Bulgarian	5	4,100
Czech	20	2,555
Macedonian	10	5,535
Polish	105	45,800
Russian	160	66,045
Rusyn	0	120
Serbo-Croatian	20	35,980
Bosnian	5	3,450
Croatian	5	9,990
Serbian	10	22,145
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	400
Slovak	5	3,070
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	1,000
Ukrainian	30	15,235
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	65
Celtic languages	5	140
Irish	5	65
Scottish Gaelic	0	25
Welsh	0	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Germanic languages	130	40,600
Frisian	0	85
High German languages	85	28,670
German	75	20,680
Pennsylvania German	0	7,180
Swiss German	5	560
Yiddish	0	250
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	11,190
Afrikaans	10	1,175
Dutch	25	4,055
Low German, n.o.s.	0	1,265
Low Saxon	0	185
Plautdietsch	0	4,415
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	95
Scandinavian languages	15	620
Danish	10	210
Icelandic	0	30
Norwegian	0	70
Swedish	0	310
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	40
Greek	105	19,065
Indo-Iranian languages	1,715	601,605
Indo-Aryan languages	1,280	487,535
Assamese	0	145
Bengali	150	34,830
Gujarati	265	63,145
Hindi	165	52,420
Kacchi	5	1,655
Kashmiri	0	145
Konkani	0	640
Marathi	10	4,975
Nepali	25	8,910
Oriya languages	0	655
Odia	0	420
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	230
Punjabi (Panjabi)	375	198,670
Rohingya	0	220
Sindhi	10	1,390
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	5,795
Urdu	265	113,020
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	930
Iranian languages	430	114,005
Baluchi	0	195
Kurdish	30	5,560
Parsi	0	170
Pashto	25	8,670
Persian languages	375	99,095
Dari	35	21,150
Iranian Persian	310	67,320
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	10,625
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	310
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	65
Italic (Romance) languages	1,280	275,210
Catalan	5	105
Italian	105	58,670
Portuguese	635	74,745
Romanian	30	17,755
Spanish	505	123,690
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	240
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	90
Japanese	25	5,875
Korean	335	53,585
Mongolian	0	290
Niger-Congo languages	80	16,065
Akan (Twi)	10	4,370
Bamanankan	0	80
Edo	0	270
Éwé	0	120
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	220
Ga	0	170
Ganda	0	345
Gikuyu	0	70
Igbo	5	660
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	775
Lingala	0	330
Luba-Kasai	0	35
Mòoré	0	10
Mwani	0	80
Ndebele	0	115
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	1,375
Shona	0	450
Soninke	0	105
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	55
Swahili	25	2,775
Wojenaka	0	35
Wolof	0	165
Yoruba	0	2,640
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	835
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	820
Dinka	0	125
Nuer	0	185
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	460
African, n.o.s.	0	45
Sign languages	45	5,010
American Sign Language	40	3,920
Quebec Sign Language	0	50
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	1,035
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,330	469,325
Chinese languages	1,330	461,870
Hakka	0	2,540
Mandarin	1,070	253,860
Min Dong	0	650
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	4,890
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	2,765
Yue (Cantonese)	205	193,955
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	3,090
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	110
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	7,310
Burmese	0	960
Kuki-Chin languages	0	305
Karenic languages	0	1,275
S'gaw Karen	0	1,105
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	170
Tibetan	0	4,540
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	225
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	145
Tai-Kadai languages	10	3,995
Lao	0	2,395
Thai	15	1,520
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	85
Turkic languages	115	19,965
Azerbaijani	10	1,445
Kazakh	0	40
Turkish	110	17,160
Uyghur	0	490
Uzbek	0	580
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	250
Uralic languages	25	12,465
Estonian	0	485
Finnish	5	1,140
Hungarian	20	10,835
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	195
Multiple responses	2,525	715,095
English and French	550	59,725
English and non-official language(s)	1,835	624,265
French and non-official language(s)	35	6,475
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	12,185
Multiple non-official languages	35	12,445
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	129,830	14,099,790
None	117,830	11,528,735
English	3,525	903,960
French	2,130	189,420
Non-official language	4,915	1,136,770
Indigenous³⁹	40	9,310
Non-Indigenous	4,880	1,127,465
English and French	90	16,580
English and non-official language(s)	400	140,865
French and non-official language(s)	430	52,565
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	2,920
Multiple non-official languages	495	127,975
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	129,115	14,031,755
Official languages	128,395	13,688,615
English	128,215	13,650,230
French	17,510	1,550,545
Non-official languages	21,435	5,058,180
Indigenous languages³⁹	115	29,850
Algonquian languages	55	26,775
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	25	5,205
Atikamekw	0	15
Cree languages	25	5,155
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	335
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	10
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	200
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	1,165
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	135
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	95
Cree, n.o.s.	0	3,340
Innu (Montagnais)	0	20
Naskapi	0	20
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	295
Mi'kmaq	10	250
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	35
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	21,560
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	135
Oji-Cree	0	6,260
Ojibway languages	15	15,530
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	1,295
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	210
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	115
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	14,155
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	95
Athabaskan languages	0	115
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	105
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	50
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	15
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	15
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	25
Tlingit	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	1,000
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	25
Inuinnaqtun	0	25
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	25	970
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Iroquoian languages	35	1,625
Cayuga	0	210
Mohawk	35	1,220
Oneida	0	210
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	135
Salish languages	0	65
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	25
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	10
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Siouan languages	0	65
Assiniboine	0	20
Dakota	0	15
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	30
Tsimshian languages	0	25
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	10
Nisga'a	0	20
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	20
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	70
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	245
Non-Indigenous languages	21,335	5,029,345
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,035	481,620
Berber languages	15	1,570
Kabyle	10	950
Tamazight	0	475
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	215
Chadic languages	0	2,210
Hausa	0	2,005
Mina	0	200
Coptic	0	2,130
Cushitic languages	40	41,520
Bilen	0	1,335
Oromo	0	2,950
Somali	35	36,825
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	815
Semitic languages	2,005	443,215
Amharic	85	22,815
Arabic	1,800	342,860
Aramaic languages	10	33,950
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	21,640
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	11,170
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	1,685
Harari	0	1,610
Hebrew	85	47,380
Maltese	0	6,055
Tigrigna	55	19,755
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	685
Austro-Asiatic languages	375	115,355
Khmer (Cambodian)	120	10,085
Vietnamese	255	105,800
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	275
Austronesian languages	820	292,100
Bikol	0	1,345
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	3,410
Cebuano	30	11,100
Fijian	0	210
Hiligaynon	25	6,435
Ilocano	40	26,205
Indonesian	25	8,175
Kankanaey	0	620
Kinaray-a	0	310
Malagasy languages	0	270
Merina	0	35
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	235
Malay	30	4,370
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	3,390
Pangasinan	0	1,610
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	750	271,450
Waray-Waray	10	1,810
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	6,850
Creole languages	85	36,585
Haitian Creole	20	14,220
Jamaican English Creole	10	3,385
Krio	0	650
Morisyen	0	5,645
Sango	0	270
Creole, n.o.s.	30	10,235
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	4,065
Dravidian languages	710	272,060
Kannada	35	12,930
Malayalam	350	48,025
Tamil	290	192,890
Telugu	100	38,190
Tulu	0	1,225
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	685
Georgian	0	2,170
Hmong-Mien languages	0	555
Indo-European languages	13,475	2,941,400
Albanian	45	26,725
Armenian	60	19,610
Balto-Slavic languages	1,520	470,080
Baltic languages	70	9,715
Latvian	40	4,215
Lithuanian	30	5,520
Slavic languages	1,465	462,520
Belarusian	15	1,630
Bulgarian	40	11,310
Czech	165	13,130
Macedonian	10	21,070
Polish	490	134,980
Russian	425	155,340
Rusyn	0	295
Serbo-Croatian	205	102,885
Bosnian	40	13,895
Croatian	65	48,075
Serbian	140	58,045
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	1,850
Slovak	65	11,725
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	7,235
Ukrainian	180	58,355
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	500
Celtic languages	70	4,115
Irish	45	2,345
Scottish Gaelic	0	715
Welsh	30	810
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	285
Germanic languages	2,490	257,270
Frisian	25	1,750
High German languages	1,715	175,485
German	1,685	158,120
Pennsylvania German	0	10,370
Swiss German	35	3,485
Yiddish	15	6,100
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	675	78,435
Afrikaans	85	9,255
Dutch	575	55,040
Low German, n.o.s.	0	2,185
Low Saxon	0	595
Plautdietsch	0	10,245
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	2,040
Scandinavian languages	175	12,565
Danish	50	5,175
Icelandic	0	390
Norwegian	75	2,385
Swedish	40	5,340
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	480
Greek	440	76,320
Indo-Iranian languages	3,795	1,244,895
Indo-Aryan languages	2,960	1,049,480
Assamese	0	725
Bengali	265	76,980
Gujarati	650	143,240
Hindi	1,495	436,125
Kacchi	20	8,140
Kashmiri	0	1,085
Konkani	15	6,745
Marathi	75	24,775
Nepali	30	17,110
Oriya languages	15	2,545
Odia	0	1,430
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	1,130
Punjabi (Panjabi)	745	397,865
Rohingya	0	370
Sindhi	15	5,595
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	21,630
Urdu	770	295,175
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5,965
Iranian languages	895	210,370
Baluchi	0	520
Kurdish	105	13,870
Parsi	0	525
Pashto	40	20,790
Persian languages	740	183,830
Dari	40	47,640
Iranian Persian	635	122,305
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	85	16,615
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	1,040
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	1,300
Italic (Romance) languages	5,605	922,975
Catalan	10	770
Italian	1,050	312,800
Portuguese	1,720	208,575
Romanian	90	48,315
Spanish	3,035	401,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	2,355
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	910
Japanese	230	30,705
Korean	575	90,475
Mongolian	0	745
Niger-Congo languages	565	106,850
Akan (Twi)	85	17,570
Bamanankan	0	760
Edo	0	3,210
Éwé	0	1,195
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	1,010
Ga	30	1,870
Ganda	15	2,760
Gikuyu	30	1,080
Igbo	40	8,115
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65	4,020
Lingala	35	7,315
Luba-Kasai	0	1,050
Mòoré	0	235
Mwani	0	520
Ndebele	0	855
Rundi (Kirundi)	60	4,895
Shona	30	3,040
Soninke	0	290
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	630
Swahili	215	24,360
Wojenaka	0	260
Wolof	0	1,495
Yoruba	85	24,375
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	12,825
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	3,210
Dinka	0	470
Nuer	0	585
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	2,155
African, n.o.s.	0	835
Sign languages	350	18,990
American Sign Language	300	16,685
Quebec Sign Language	0	380
Sign languages, n.i.e.	55	2,600
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,510	747,160
Chinese languages	2,465	734,190
Hakka	10	8,760
Mandarin	1,995	467,415
Min Dong	0	1,450
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	18,020
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	6,720
Yue (Cantonese)	550	352,135
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	5,200
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	515
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	13,135
Burmese	15	2,570
Kuki-Chin languages	0	600
Karenic languages	20	2,255
S'gaw Karen	0	1,970
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	385
Tibetan	0	7,475
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	980
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	565
Tai-Kadai languages	75	12,655
Lao	35	7,370
Thai	60	6,200
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	335
Turkic languages	255	52,195
Azerbaijani	0	5,910
Kazakh	0	710
Turkish	245	44,815
Uyghur	0	825
Uzbek	0	2,095
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	1,075
Uralic languages	225	52,025
Estonian	45	4,010
Finnish	65	9,455
Hungarian	115	38,690
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	2,145
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	129,115	14,031,750
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,470	406,585
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,225	389,955
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,335	251,030
Métis	1,775	134,615
Inuk (Inuit)	115	4,310
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	125	7,115
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	125	9,515
Non-Indigenous identity	123,645	13,625,165
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	129,115	14,031,750
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,315	172,535
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	127,795	13,859,215
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	57,835	5,491,200
Owner	32,295	3,755,720
Renter	25,540	1,724,970
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	10,510
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	57,835	5,491,200
Condominium	3,820	822,780
Not condominium	54,020	4,668,425
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	57,835	5,491,200
No bedrooms	410	48,740
1 bedroom	8,385	769,570
2 bedrooms	15,385	1,205,540
3 bedrooms	19,800	1,918,935
4 or more bedrooms	13,855	1,548,420
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	57,835	5,491,200
1 to 4 rooms	17,330	1,579,320
5 rooms	8,495	775,580
6 rooms	8,295	791,100
7 rooms	6,810	708,205
8 or more rooms	16,905	1,636,990
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	6.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	57,835	5,491,200
One person or fewer per room	57,290	5,328,575
More than one person per room	550	162,625
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	57,835	5,491,200
Suitable	55,675	5,122,185
Not suitable	2,155	369,015
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	57,835	5,491,200
1960 or before	12,435	1,247,430
1961 to 1980	18,065	1,456,110
1981 to 1990	8,650	711,940
1991 to 2000	6,470	644,080
2001 to 2005	3,360	385,045
2006 to 2010	3,170	348,760
2011 to 2015	2,790	328,735
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,900	369,095
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	57,835	5,491,200
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	54,055	5,177,155
Major repairs needed	3,780	314,050
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	57,835	5,491,200
One-maintainer household	30,025	2,677,880
Two-maintainer household	25,405	2,506,110
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,405	307,210
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	57,835	5,491,200
15 to 24 years	3,520	126,385
25 to 34 years	9,375	727,305
35 to 44 years	8,680	930,410
45 to 54 years	8,435	1,013,210
55 to 64 years	10,615	1,149,345
65 to 74 years	9,170	876,960
75 to 84 years	5,680	481,250
85 years and over	2,355	186,330
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	57,435	5,415,420
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	43,060	4,103,320
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	14,380	1,312,095
30% to less than 100%	12,860	1,169,040
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	57,835	5,491,205
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	18,550	1,802,285
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	12,860	1,150,405
Not suitable only	1,485	262,900
Major repairs needed only	2,485	201,870
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	420	74,930
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,040	80,990
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	195	25,420
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	5,765
Acceptable housing	39,290	3,688,915
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	55,915	5,272,360
In core need	5,830	639,805
Not in core need	50,090	4,632,550
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,200	3,718,255
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.1	59.7
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.7	17.7
% in core housing need⁶³	3.3	6.4
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,310	1,440
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,438	1,700
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	700,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	533,500	807,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,535	1,722,000
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.8	13.7
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.0	38.4
% in core housing need⁶³	19.8	24.9
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,250	1,300
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,318	1,408
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	10,510
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	8.7
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	324
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	380
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	129,110	14,031,755
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,895	169,090
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,855	166,095
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,525	136,445
Métis single ancestry	320	27,835
Inuit single ancestry	15	1,810
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	3,000
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35	2,660
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	175
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	50
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,065	351,395
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,925	342,985
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,525	246,415
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,295	93,245
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	3,325
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	145	8,405
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	105	7,595
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	535
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	215
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	60
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	121,150	13,511,270
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	129,110	14,031,755
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	121,505	12,633,260
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,565	2,554,125
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	99,940	10,079,140
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,605	1,398,490
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	129,110	14,031,755
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	108,280	9,437,320
Immigrants⁸¹	17,545	4,206,585
Before 1980	6,110	860,305
1980 to 1990	1,855	506,195
1991 to 2000	2,225	852,765
2001 to 2010	3,165	941,630
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,200	1,045,695
2011 to 2015	1,580	461,010
2016 to 2021	2,620	584,680
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,285	387,850
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	17,545	4,206,585
Under 5 years	2,055	375,395
5 to 14 years	3,705	734,680
15 to 24 years	3,225	840,165
25 to 44 years	7,385	1,851,675
45 years and over	1,185	404,670
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	17,545	4,206,585
Americas	2,760	629,550
Brazil	80	23,125
Colombia	130	32,520
El Salvador	140	21,780
Guyana	30	77,635
Haiti	10	11,375
Jamaica	200	122,770
Mexico	155	33,380
Peru	45	11,455
Trinidad and Tobago	160	52,750
United States of America	1,260	111,390
Other places of birth in Americas	550	131,370
Europe	7,105	1,049,725
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	21,150
Croatia	25	24,270
France	130	15,240
Germany	665	54,275
Greece	165	31,650
Hungary	75	18,530
Italy	335	135,640
Netherlands	510	39,490
Poland	295	88,785
Portugal	965	95,490
Romania	90	40,475
Russian Federation	95	44,165
Serbia⁸⁶	70	22,295
Ukraine	115	43,070
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,735	239,485
Other places of birth in Europe	800	135,725
Africa	1,290	287,920
Algeria	20	4,355
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	65	10,220
Egypt	300	39,345
Eritrea	20	14,200
Ethiopia	40	19,415
Morocco	25	8,105
Nigeria	130	37,420
Somalia	25	20,335
South Africa, Republic of	140	21,540
Other places of birth in Africa	535	112,985
Asia	6,305	2,225,590
Afghanistan	35	38,580
Iran⁸⁸	395	103,795
Iraq	70	63,255
Lebanon	55	38,170
Syria⁸⁹	460	45,685
Turkey	80	20,795
China⁹⁰	1,150	355,955
Hong Kong⁹¹	120	108,480
Korea, South⁹²	260	62,750
Taiwan	80	18,105
Philippines	750	268,580
Viet Nam	135	86,315
Bangladesh	210	46,260
India	1,180	495,750
Pakistan	500	165,530
Sri Lanka	135	112,730
Other places of birth in Asia	680	194,855
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	85	13,810
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,625	584,680
Americas	320	68,450
Brazil	30	8,725
Colombia	0	4,260
Haiti	0	1,550
Jamaica	25	9,970
Mexico	25	5,810
United States of America	180	17,945
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	3,400
Other places of birth in Americas	40	16,795
Europe	230	47,295
France	35	3,225
Germany	10	1,685
Ireland⁹⁶	15	2,225
Italy	15	1,770
Russian Federation	0	5,150
Ukraine	15	6,035
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	8,000
Other places of birth in Europe	60	19,200
Africa	425	64,910
Algeria	0	1,130
Burundi	35	1,790
Cameroon	0	1,585
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	2,275
Côte d'Ivoire	0	1,085
Egypt	90	6,370
Eritrea	15	7,145
Ethiopia	30	3,480
Morocco	0	1,890
Nigeria	70	16,570
Somalia	25	3,345
South Africa, Republic of	0	2,915
Sudan⁹⁷	0	2,095
Tunisia	0	820
Other places of birth in Africa	140	12,405
Asia	1,635	401,940
Afghanistan	0	7,225
Bangladesh	45	7,710
China⁹⁰	225	54,645
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	2,620
India	400	139,660
Iran⁸⁸	60	13,215
Iraq	35	12,940
Israel	0	2,270
Japan	10	1,460
Jordan	25	2,610
Korea, South⁹²	30	6,935
Lebanon	25	4,365
Nepal	0	2,445
Pakistan	70	23,970
Philippines	150	45,235
Saudi Arabia	0	6,110
Sri Lanka	0	5,895
Syria⁸⁹	400	30,180
Turkey	35	7,060
United Arab Emirates	10	5,310
Viet Nam	15	6,020
Other places of birth in Asia	70	14,075
Oceania and other⁹³	15	2,090
Australia	10	1,620
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	470
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	129,115	14,031,755
First generation¹⁰⁰	22,730	4,725,795
Second generation¹⁰¹	21,055	3,180,170
Third generation or more¹⁰²	85,325	6,125,785
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,440	3,346,285
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,550	1,669,195
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,610	697,905
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,945	971,295
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,110	1,037,680
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,725	587,735
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	55	51,675
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,440	3,346,285
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	415	262,835
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,335	289,330
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	620	79,320
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	795	179,715
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	19,030
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,235	2,516,055
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	129,115	14,031,750
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	17,330	4,817,360
South Asian	4,430	1,515,295
Chinese	3,155	820,245
Black	2,600	768,740
Filipino	1,050	363,650
Arab	1,565	284,215
Latin American	1,270	249,190
Southeast Asian	810	167,845
West Asian	735	212,185
Korean	565	99,425
Japanese	270	31,420
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	260	124,120
Multiple visible minorities	615	181,025
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	111,785	9,214,395
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	129,110	14,031,755
Canadian	20,990	1,621,655
English	32,920	2,347,685
Irish	33,410	1,999,985
Scottish	28,430	1,937,010
French, n.o.s.¹²²	14,315	1,039,385
German	12,210	1,058,075
Chinese	3,155	821,835
Italian	4,630	905,105
Indian (India)	2,760	764,435
Ukrainian	2,780	342,260
Dutch	6,395	478,860
Polish	3,550	461,090
Québécois	460	28,035
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,535	462,995
Filipino	1,155	355,680
French Canadian	2,655	199,845
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,995	221,315
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,545	160,660
Métis	1,775	131,780
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,680	182,785
Russian	1,160	187,460
Norwegian	940	62,840
Welsh	3,025	188,980
Portuguese	2,970	300,600
American	1,785	129,750
Spanish	1,085	143,840
Swedish	930	68,260
Hungarian	885	149,040
Acadian	725	34,125
Pakistani	680	212,650
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	640	149,265
Jewish	1,070	155,180
Punjabi	160	119,085
Vietnamese	365	122,735
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	860	110,250
Greek	1,055	143,065
Jamaican	475	201,945
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	335	110,750
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	215	20,025
Korean	570	100,025
Romanian	500	86,435
Lebanese	270	80,345
Iranian	660	109,410
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	455	73,665
Danish	875	52,170
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,280	61,790
Sikh	110	77,805
Austrian	690	63,920
Belgian	395	56,860
Haitian	75	17,930
Hindu	250	106,970
Mexican	355	54,725
Mennonite	90	38,095
Swiss	535	56,510
Finnish	780	76,275
Sri Lankan	180	105,765
Croatian	325	79,240
Japanese	345	42,250
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	180	83,435
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	350	21,650
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	640	31,395
Muslim	210	62,780
Egyptian	375	54,210
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	170	48,595
Tamil	85	86,580
Icelandic	240	13,915
Colombian	200	39,420
Moroccan	50	12,300
Czech	500	39,400
Syrian	365	42,525
Guyanese	150	85,455
Afghan	40	61,255
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	235	59,655
Serbian	265	64,415
Ojibway	305	52,770
Newfoundlander	500	29,950
Hong Konger	70	41,120
Ontarian	1,030	64,245
Persian	205	46,445
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	190	59,110
Turkish	205	43,555
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	160	6,160
Bangladeshi	200	47,195
Algerian	15	4,970
Brazilian	220	33,905
Nigerian	145	36,750
Armenian	90	30,860
Slovak	245	37,165
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	385	32,880
Somali	0	41,640
Taiwanese	115	17,960
Iraqi	95	42,980
Salvadorean	185	24,740
African Caribbean	80	43,475
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	130	32,785
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	230	38,000
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	100	39,165
Algonquin	500	20,910
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	115	42,575
Lithuanian	270	29,870
South African	235	21,965
Australian	135	14,775
Palestinian	110	30,365
Chilean	75	14,370
Congolese	40	12,815
Nova Scotian	205	10,195
Ethiopian	50	20,625
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	120	22,825
Peruvian	105	15,260
Yoruba	105	19,350
Cambodian (Khmer)	155	15,155
Berber	20	3,055
Albanian	60	29,575
Maltese	100	33,825
Macedonian	45	35,925
Slovenian	145	25,085
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	210	13,170
New Brunswicker	145	5,865
Gujarati	90	25,995
Eritrean	55	17,165
African Canadian	40	20,025
Israeli	45	20,570
Mohawk	650	20,595
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	80	12,115
Bulgarian	50	15,900
Albertan	15	1,185
Ghanaian	85	20,935
Barbadian	60	21,205
African American	90	16,380
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	125	16,400
Tunisian	25	2,430
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	135	15,800
Cuban	30	14,785
Bosnian	50	16,065
Venezuelan	110	12,885
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	1,010
Latvian	100	16,070
Bengali	80	16,665
Cameroonian	0	4,295
Guatemalan	60	10,175
Indonesian	115	10,645
Laotian	35	10,870
Ilocano	20	10,560
Northern Irish	130	14,875
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	190	10,135
British Columbian	35	1,020
Ecuadorian	25	18,835
Franco Ontarian	140	18,755
Argentinian	30	11,950
Estonian	215	14,025
Kurdish	125	13,495
Fijian	20	2,345
Jatt	0	9,195
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	90	8,040
Coptic	60	14,845
Thai	95	7,850
Dominican	50	8,585
Nepali	15	11,585
Kabyle	0	570
Assyrian	0	17,080
Igbo	35	8,595
Byelorussian	35	9,730
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	285
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	3,445
Abenaki	25	1,300
Moldovan	0	4,295
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	115	5,550
New Zealander	80	4,865
Sudanese	20	9,200
Breton	25	650
Pennsylvania Dutch	95	12,085
Malaysian	75	7,360
Plains Cree	0	365
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	3,660
Huron (Wendat)	50	2,070
Saskatchewanian	90	1,755
Buddhist	0	8,440
Gaspesian	0	700
Norman	60	2,250
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	9,250
Ivorian	30	2,270
Saulteaux	0	735
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	50	6,980
Burundian	65	4,105
Tigrinya	0	5,290
Nicaraguan	0	6,575
Mauritian	0	5,050
Kenyan	85	6,970
Oji-Cree	0	7,300
Vincentian	0	9,080
Jordanian	60	9,040
Manitoban	35	1,505
Cape Bretoner	60	3,040
Rwandan	0	3,450
Grenadian	15	10,250
Malayali	35	8,100
Chaldean	0	10,280
Sinhalese	15	8,060
Mayan	25	4,085
Honduran	30	3,735
Cherokee	60	3,555
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	1,350
Indo-Caribbean	25	8,830
Flemish	45	3,565
United Empire Loyalist	170	6,730
Senegalese	0	1,155
Azerbaijani	60	6,235
Sicilian	45	5,840
Pashtun	10	6,385
Malay	20	3,910
Goan	20	7,930
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	50	3,150
Tibetan	0	7,380
Zimbabwean	85	3,780
Burmese	0	4,290
Mongolian	25	3,585
Azorean	95	6,085
Atikamekw	0	85
Bamileke	0	1,100
Indo-Guyanese	0	7,605
Ugandan	0	4,685
Oromo	0	3,015
Tanzanian	40	4,865
Yemeni	0	5,300
Central African	0	1,630
Libyan	20	4,200
Basque	10	1,515
Uruguayan	10	4,720
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	4,055
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	3,605
Igorot	0	2,245
Fulani	0	1,165
Woodland Cree	0	275
Guinean	0	1,120
St. Lucian	0	5,850
Prince Edward Islander	80	1,900
Maliseet	15	615
Beninese	0	1,325
Telugu	0	4,755
Roma	30	3,470
Costa Rican	35	2,735
African Nova Scotian	0	1,650
Malagasy	0	555
Kashmiri	40	3,905
Singaporean	0	2,320
Karen	30	2,365
Edo	0	3,515
Tajik	0	4,150
Amhara	30	3,135
Paraguayan	0	855
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	129,115	14,031,750
Buddhist	480	164,215
Christian	65,490	7,315,810
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,500	1,070,190
Anabaptist	40	57,795
Anglican	8,600	525,425
Baptist	1,285	165,400
Catholic	30,385	3,654,825
Christian Orthodox	1,155	329,850
Jehovah's Witness	285	48,290
Latter Day Saints	215	16,420
Lutheran	645	114,810
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	875	35,320
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	885	174,605
Presbyterian	1,755	202,275
Reformed	300	47,400
United Church	8,575	570,830
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,985	302,375
Hindu	1,670	573,700
Jewish	875	196,100
Muslim	3,375	942,990
Sikh	495	300,435
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	65	15,985
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,310	88,845
No religion and secular perspectives	55,355	4,433,675
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	128,055	13,904,805
Non-movers	107,580	12,295,685
Movers	20,475	1,609,120
Non-migrants	12,305	914,170
Migrants	8,170	694,950
Internal migrants	7,040	570,275
Intraprovincial migrants	5,710	516,425
Interprovincial migrants	1,335	53,850
External migrants	1,130	124,670
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	123,330	13,349,180
Non-movers	67,025	8,361,770
Movers	56,305	4,987,410
Non-migrants	25,250	2,087,055
Migrants	31,055	2,900,355
Internal migrants	25,600	2,167,365
Intraprovincial migrants	20,730	1,938,720
Interprovincial migrants	4,870	228,640
External migrants	5,455	732,990
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	110,400	11,782,825
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,325	1,969,920
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	96,075	9,812,905
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,120	7,584,645
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,730	757,455
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,390	6,827,190
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	110,400	11,782,820
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,020	1,799,890
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	31,590	3,204,170
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	65,785	6,778,765
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,915	3,250,175
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,865	592,485
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,495	287,155
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,365	305,330
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,200	2,389,205
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,855	268,480
Bachelor's degree or higher	33,875	3,528,600
Bachelor's degree	19,525	2,307,685
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,420	224,820
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,450	90,530
Master's degree	8,420	786,440
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	3,055	119,125
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,120	7,584,645
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,165	667,665
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,290	1,770,810
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,660	5,146,170
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,120	2,356,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,940	384,770
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,545	184,665
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,395	200,110
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,045	1,787,580
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,140	184,030
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,540	2,789,795
Bachelor's degree	13,775	1,798,010
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,020	173,205
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,110	71,055
Master's degree	6,455	658,060
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,175	89,470
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	110,400	11,782,820
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	44,615	5,004,055
Education	4,205	358,255
13. Education	4,205	358,255
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,200	258,480
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	175	26,160
50. Visual and performing arts	2,025	232,325
Humanities	4,250	388,160
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	340	40,335
23. English language and literature/letters	1,075	99,000
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	860	112,250
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	155	10,520
38. Philosophy and religious studies	390	26,705
39. Theology and religious vocations	370	28,715
54. History	895	54,415
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	155	16,220
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,610	928,970
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	210	12,940
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	780	106,350
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,710	154,370
22. Legal professions and studies	1,135	144,535
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	550	24,040
42. Psychology	1,905	142,265
45. Social sciences	3,310	344,465
Business, management and public administration	10,290	1,472,490
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	2,340
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,420	123,510
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,860	1,346,635
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,120	303,310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,260	133,895
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	450	69,195
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	6,440
40. Physical sciences	1,195	80,200
41. Science technologies/technicians	145	13,585
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,695	367,845
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,935	284,925
25. Library science	195	16,090
27. Mathematics and statistics	485	56,120
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75	10,705
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,985	1,274,815
04. Architecture and related services	440	61,850
14. Engineering	3,395	414,085
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,520	278,410
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	185
46. Construction trades	1,850	197,795
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,280	208,980
48. Precision production	490	113,510
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,055	132,765
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	685	86,885
03. Natural resources and conservation	370	45,885
Health and related fields	13,190	939,610
30.37 Design for human health	0	25
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,020	84,485
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	11,565	828,240
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	45	2,335
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	560	24,520
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,160	351,505
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,060	181,985
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	215	2,135
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95	2,200
43. Security and protective services	1,455	110,890
49. Transportation and materials moving	340	54,295
Other¹⁷⁹	25	2,555
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	67,115	7,584,650
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,460	2,438,475
Education	2,565	242,725
13. Education	2,565	242,725
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,655	199,945
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	18,425
50. Visual and performing arts	1,545	181,520
Humanities	2,715	279,505
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	210	29,620
23. English language and literature/letters	660	71,745
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	595	83,455
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	95	7,195
38. Philosophy and religious studies	255	19,380
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	18,420
54. History	615	39,275
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90	10,415
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,090	729,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	160	10,515
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	665	88,895
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,270	119,090
22. Legal professions and studies	875	117,900
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	455	18,585
42. Psychology	1,360	107,035
45. Social sciences	2,300	267,660
Business, management and public administration	7,530	1,161,875
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	1,785
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,095	98,675
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,435	1,061,420
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,920	220,805
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,680	100,550
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	335	50,505
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	5,100
40. Physical sciences	790	55,565
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	9,090
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,095	304,045
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,620	244,700
25. Library science	135	9,860
27. Mathematics and statistics	280	40,875
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	8,610
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,925	932,505
04. Architecture and related services	325	48,030
14. Engineering	2,480	326,190
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,705	202,375
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	165
46. Construction trades	1,265	137,150
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	845	143,480
48. Precision production	305	75,115
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	780	100,525
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	490	64,365
03. Natural resources and conservation	290	36,155
Health and related fields	9,295	703,890
30.37 Design for human health	0	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	725	64,360
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,145	619,520
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	1,960
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	390	18,030
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,085	268,815
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,490	136,310
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	160	1,600
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	70	1,180
43. Security and protective services	1,140	89,470
49. Transportation and materials moving	230	40,255
Other¹⁷⁹	20	1,860
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	67,115	7,584,650
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,460	2,438,475
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	46,660	5,146,175
Location of study inside Canada	40,780	3,921,795
Same as province or territory of residence	35,930	3,634,290
Different than province or territory of residence	4,845	287,505
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,880	1,224,380
Americas	1,605	229,280
United States of America	1,195	140,770
Mexico	90	11,625
Cuba	15	3,715
Haiti	0	1,250
Jamaica	10	9,200
Brazil	125	17,755
Colombia	45	12,705
Peru	15	2,750
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	5,530
Other locations of study in Americas	80	23,985
Europe	1,330	224,050
Belgium	20	1,650
France	70	11,580
Germany	80	7,115
Netherlands	20	4,345
Switzerland	15	2,525
Hungary	15	2,960
Moldova¹⁸³	0	2,080
Poland	45	16,450
Romania	25	14,985
Russian Federation	40	19,185
Ukraine	35	18,225
Ireland⁹⁶	120	6,925
United Kingdom⁸⁷	660	72,655
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	3,415
Italy	25	3,895
Serbia⁸⁶	10	5,750
Other locations of study in Europe	150	30,300
Africa	375	65,145
Nigeria	35	15,165
Algeria	0	1,550
Morocco	15	2,180
Tunisia	10	805
Egypt	130	17,195
South Africa, Republic of	50	6,770
Other locations of study in Africa	135	21,480
Asia	2,400	686,295
Iran⁸⁸	215	35,535
Iraq	20	12,270
Israel	0	6,675
Lebanon	35	7,235
Syria⁸⁹	60	7,515
Turkey	45	7,585
China⁹⁰	325	92,585
Taiwan	15	3,535
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	8,875
Japan	40	6,310
Korea, South⁹²	145	21,145
Philippines	280	109,885
Viet Nam	15	5,120
Bangladesh	55	16,250
Sri Lanka	35	11,075
India	765	245,655
Pakistan	150	53,750
Other locations of study in Asia	195	35,295
Oceania	170	19,605
Australia	145	16,965
New Zealand	20	2,445
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	200
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	110,400	11,782,820
In the labour force	66,980	7,399,200
Employed	58,165	6,492,895
Unemployed	8,815	906,310
Not in the labour force	43,420	4,383,620
Participation rate	60.7	62.8
Employment rate	52.7	55.1
Unemployment rate	13.2	12.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	110,400	11,782,820
Did not work¹⁸⁶	42,990	4,469,170
Worked	67,410	7,313,650
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	35,335	3,982,300
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	32,080	3,331,350
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	66,980	7,399,205
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,870	212,505
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	65,115	7,186,695
Employee	57,375	6,109,070
Permanent position	45,625	5,166,275
Temporary position	11,750	942,795
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,670	324,250
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,075	618,540
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,740	1,077,625
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	66,980	7,399,205
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,870	212,505
All occupations¹⁹¹	65,115	7,186,695
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	670	95,240
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,380	1,328,155
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,755	685,390
3 Health occupations	7,860	543,565
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	13,005	871,260
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,915	232,200
6 Sales and service occupations	17,430	1,735,930
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,910	1,175,410
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	780	148,055
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,405	371,490
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	66,980	7,399,205
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,870	212,505
All industries¹⁹¹	65,115	7,186,695
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	430	104,895
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	34,360
22 Utilities	345	55,230
23 Construction	3,765	538,340
31-33 Manufacturing	2,645	655,935
41 Wholesale trade	1,095	244,910
44-45 Retail trade	7,655	798,090
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,915	379,485
51 Information and cultural industries	805	169,120
52 Finance and insurance	1,870	399,030
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,320	152,050
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,810	681,235
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	26,240
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,600	324,285
61 Educational services	8,855	531,260
62 Health care and social assistance	11,520	859,910
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,160	130,490
72 Accommodation and food services	5,200	390,675
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,290	283,115
91 Public administration	7,710	428,030
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	72,660	7,885,710
English	68,740	7,181,805
French	375	52,565
Non-official language	155	74,365
Indigenous³⁹	0	305
Non-Indigenous	155	74,060
English and French	2,565	285,005
English and non-official language(s)	745	275,330
French and non-official language(s)	0	355
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	10,820
Multiple non-official languages	0	5,475
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	72,660	7,885,710
Single responses	72,285	7,783,760
Official languages	72,000	7,649,065
English	71,340	7,555,160
French	655	93,910
Non-official languages	290	134,690
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	1,240
Algonquian languages	0	1,185
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	155
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	155
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	145
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	1,030
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	465
Ojibway languages	0	560
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	25
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	535
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	30
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	20
Mohawk	0	20
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	275	133,450
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	4,830
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	210
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	10
Somali	0	190
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	25	4,615
Amharic	0	60
Arabic	25	3,735
Aramaic languages	0	410
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	320
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	85
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Hebrew	0	315
Tigrigna	0	90
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	3,365
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	140
Vietnamese	10	3,225
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	1,530
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	0	55
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	40
Indonesian	0	65
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	1,330
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Creole languages	0	50
Haitian Creole	0	35
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	2,660
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	160
Tamil	0	2,440
Telugu	0	55
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	70
Indo-European languages	120	50,205
Albanian	0	270
Armenian	0	195
Balto-Slavic languages	15	6,865
Baltic languages	0	65
Latvian	0	30
Lithuanian	0	40
Slavic languages	15	6,790
Bulgarian	0	60
Czech	0	40
Macedonian	0	75
Polish	0	1,765
Russian	15	3,295
Serbo-Croatian	0	605
Bosnian	0	85
Croatian	0	135
Serbian	0	395
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	0	910
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Celtic languages	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	30	7,320
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	15	5,945
German	10	3,210
Pennsylvania German	0	2,555
Swiss German	0	135
Yiddish	0	50
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	1,275
Afrikaans	0	25
Dutch	0	680
Low German, n.o.s.	0	55
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	515
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	90
Danish	0	15
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	15
Swedish	0	50
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	0	355
Indo-Iranian languages	40	19,460
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15,015
Bengali	0	440
Gujarati	0	850
Hindi	0	1,145
Kacchi	0	0
Marathi	0	15
Nepali	0	150
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	10,235
Sindhi	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	75
Urdu	0	2,080
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Iranian languages	10	4,435
Kurdish	0	125
Pashto	0	85
Persian languages	10	4,210
Dari	0	415
Iranian Persian	10	3,415
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	380
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	40	15,735
Catalan	0	0
Italian	0	1,005
Portuguese	15	5,645
Romanian	0	300
Spanish	20	8,765
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	0	1,075
Korean	35	5,460
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	170
Akan (Twi)	0	30
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	0	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Swahili	0	60
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	10
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Sign languages	10	845
American Sign Language	10	795
Quebec Sign Language	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	61,525
Chinese languages	70	61,360
Hakka	0	45
Mandarin	50	37,260
Min Dong	0	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	150
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	23,610
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	250
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	135
Burmese	0	15
Karenic languages	0	45
S'gaw Karen	0	35
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	80
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Tai-Kadai languages	0	330
Lao	0	50
Thai	0	275
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	0	970
Azerbaijani	0	35
Turkish	0	905
Uyghur	0	30
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	0	350
Estonian	0	65
Finnish	0	55
Hungarian	0	230
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Multiple responses	375	101,955
English and French	275	46,525
English and non-official language(s)	90	53,330
French and non-official language(s)	0	155
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	880
Multiple non-official languages	0	1,060
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	72,660	7,885,710
None	69,625	7,400,850
English	410	89,345
French	2,020	199,430
Non-official language	505	154,150
Indigenous³⁹	20	2,895
Non-Indigenous	490	151,255
English and French	0	270
English and non-official language(s)	10	7,395
French and non-official language(s)	70	7,510
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	50
Multiple non-official languages	20	26,705
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,165	6,492,895
Worked at home	14,865	1,929,760
Worked outside Canada	170	29,740
No fixed workplace address	5,820	765,180
Usual place of work	37,305	3,768,210
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,305	3,768,210
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	33,320	2,212,620
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	360	653,055
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,470	885,485
Commute to a different province or territory	155	17,050
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,130	4,533,390
Car, truck or van	35,135	3,790,545
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,705	3,451,650
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,420	338,895
Public transit	2,680	390,140
Walked	3,665	208,380
Bicycle	660	37,665
Other method	990	106,655
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,130	4,533,390
Less than 15 minutes	18,470	1,283,185
15 to 29 minutes	18,150	1,527,580
30 to 44 minutes	4,220	934,230
45 to 59 minutes	1,085	375,215
60 minutes and over	1,205	413,180
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,130	4,533,390
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,755	351,800
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,410	797,475
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,075	1,066,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,930	938,175
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,580	632,825
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,380	746,530
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,965	2,781,415
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,305	349,875
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,655	2,431,540
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,735	2,047,210
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,465	268,250
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,580	179,995
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	885	88,260
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,270	1,778,960

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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